第一篇形形色色的人
1.一根筋儿one track-minded
别跟他较劲了。他一根筋，你还不知道？
Stop reasoning with him. Don?t you know he is one track-minded?
2.出众的人a lulu
要说漂亮，我们公司新来的秘书可算是个相貌出众的女孩子了。
Talking about being pretty, our company?s new secretary is indeed a lulu.
3.两面派two-faced
我知道怎样对付两面派，而且一眼就能看出谁是一贯两面讨好的人。I know how to handle two-faced people and can even tell at the first glance who are in the habit of running with the hare and hunting with the hounds.(注：run with the hare and hunt with the hounds 指人两面讨好，不得罪任何一方的做法。)
4．傻大个儿a lummox
听说那个傻大个儿把他们公司的买卖搞得一团糟。
It is said that the lummox has loused up their company?s whole business.
5.收破烂儿的人a rag man
那些收破烂儿的人走街串户，有时也能挣不少钱。
Those rag men going from door to door sometimes may also earn quite a handsome sum of money.
6.乡巴佬a hayseed
她说她决不会嫁给一个乡巴佬，不管他多有钱。
She insisted that she would not marry herself off to a hayseed, no matter how rich he was.
7.不三不四的人riff-raffs
老张的家里总来些不三不四的人，可想而知老张不是什么好东西。
There are always riff-raffs hanging around in LaoZhang?s home, which gives you the feeling that Lao Zhang is not a good guy.
8.受气包儿doormat
她天生就是个受气包儿，什么事都不敢说个不字
She?s born doormat ,afraid of going against anything.
9.面无表情的人a deadpan
和那些面无表情的人在一起工作真让人憋气。
You feel choked to work with those deadpans.
10.扫帚星a jinx
有人说那个女人是个扫帚星，谁跟她结婚谁倒霉。
She?s said to be a jinx, who would bring bad luck to whoever she marries.
第二篇能力与智慧(上)
1. 海量have a hollow leg
你像灌醉他？他可是海量，从来没有醉过。
Want to drink him under the table? Well…you can never do. He got a hollow leg, you know.
2. 略胜一筹be a notch above
论油画，张先生比刘先生画得好。但是，谈到水彩画，刘先生可就比张先生略胜一筹了。In oil painting, Mr.Zhang paints better than Mr.Li.But when it comes to water colors,Mr.Liu appears to be a notch above Mr.Zhang.
3. 有头脑be a brain
他可是个有头脑德人，决不会相信你的那一套。
He?s a brain, who wouldn?t be fooled into believing your babbling.
4. 很能干to have a lot on the ball
我知道李明很能干，但我怀疑他是否真的愿意到我们这儿来工作。
I know Li Ming has a lot on the ball. But I?m not sure if he likes to work here.
5. 有名无实a poor apology
你刚才提到的那个作家不过是个有名无实的人。他的作品太没意思了。
The man you?ve just mentioned is but a poor apology for a writer. His writings are tedious.
6. 绞尽脑汁to rack one?s brain
他已经绞尽脑汁了，可是仍未找到问题的答案。
He had racked his brain, but hadn?t been able to work out the answer to the problem.
7. 没骨气have no guts.
真没想到小高那么没骨气，竟然嫁给了坑害过她父亲的人。
I?m surprised to learn that XiaoGao had marri ed the man who had once done her father in. She rally has no guts.
8. 真了不起really something
他真了不起，竟然一个人对付了那么多的对手。
He overwhelmed so many of his opponents alone. He?s really something.
9. 昙花一现a flash in the pan
那个歌星也只是昙花一现，出了几张唱片就销声匿迹了。
That singer was only a flash in the pan. He disappeared into the air after having made one or two records.
10. 寡不敌众be outnumbered
她很勇敢，但终因寡不敌众，被那帮人打晕过去
The girl was brave enough, but as being outnumbered, she was finally knocked into the middle of next week by the gang.
第二篇能力与智慧(中)
11.单枪匹马play a lone hand
在投资时，他总喜欢单枪匹马的去干
When investing in a business, he always likes to play a lone hand.
12.出师不利get off one the wrong foot
他的主意不错，可一开始就出师不利。
His idea was good, but he got off on the wrong foot when he started doing it.
13.口才the gift of gab
我几乎没见过像莉莉这样有口才的女孩子。
Seldom have I met a girl who?s had such a gift of gab like Lee Lee?s.
14. 还嫩点儿still wet behind the ears
想陷害我？你还嫩点儿
Attempt to do me in? You are still wet behind the ears.
(be wet behind the ears 的字面意思是“像刚生下来的婴儿一样，耳朵后的根毛还是湿的那) 15. 糊涂虫 a nitwit
你真是个糊涂虫，怎么能当他的面讲他女朋友的坏话那？
You?re a real nitwit. Why should you badmouth his girlfriend in his face?
16.饭量小eat like a bird
她的饭量特别小，有一小块面包就足够了。
She eats like a bird. A small piece of bread will be enough for her.
17.痛失良机Let some thing slip through one?s fingers
你真蠢！这样一个发大财的机会千载难逢，你怎能眼睁睁的让他跑掉那？
You can?t be more stupid! How could you let such a golden opportunity to make big money slip through your fingers? It was an opportunity that comes once in a blue moon.
18.抓住机会jump at the chance
这样的好机会，你应该抓住
You should have jump at such a good chance.
19.嘴硬never say uncle
那个孩子的嘴特别硬，打死他都不肯认错
That boy never says uncle. He wouldn?t admit he?s wrong for the life of him.
20.有门道have the means of
在挣钱方面，张先生可有门道了
Mr.Zhang has always had the means of making money.
第二篇能力与智慧(下)
21. 找到窍门get the hang of
我已经找到学习英语动词的窍门了。
I?ve now got the hang of learning English verbs.
22. 占上风 gain the upper hand
比赛一开始，我们队占上风。可到最后却失利了
At the beginning of the game our team gained the upper hand. But by and by, we lost our strength.
23. 有资格be in a position.
你没有资格对他那样讲话，他是那儿的老板
You?re not in a position to talk to him like that; He?s the boss there.
24. 恭维话blarney
只有傻瓜才会相信你的花言巧语。
Only a fool will believe your blarney.
25. 上圈套rise to a bait
赵先生又上了那帮人的圈套了
Mr.Zhao again rose to the bait set by the guys.
26. 头脑有点不正常have a few buttons missing
能说那种话的人头脑肯定有点不正常。
Anyone who says that must have a few buttons missing.
27. 见机行事play to the score
到那儿，你要见机行事，千万不要由性子来。
When you are there with them, play to the score. Never act on impulse.
28. 唆使put somebody up to
肯定有人唆使他去干那件事
There must be someone who had put him up to that.
29. 心有余而力不足The spirit is willing, but the flesh is week.
不是他不愿意帮你，而是他心有余而力不足
30. 轰动全世界set the world on fire
他吹嘘果找到这个问题的答案，其成果就会轰动全世界
He boasted that if he could find the solution to the problem, the result of it would set the world on fire.
31. 盲从follow like sheep
她们根本不知道什么是时尚，只不过是在盲从而已
They actually know nothing about what fashion is. They?re only following others like sheep.
32. 听其自然let things slide
事到如今，我们也只好听其自然了
With things as such, we?ll have to let things slide.
第三篇脾气和性格
第一节
1. 偷懒耍滑头goof-off
小王总是偷懒耍滑头。上班时不是去打电话就是跑到医务室去看病。
XiaoWang?s always goofing-off----either making phone calls or going to the clinic to see doctors during office hours.
2. 大动肝火be up in arms
由于公司最近几个月销售业绩不佳，老板正在大动肝火
The boss is up in arms about the company?s poor sales record in the past few months.
3. 保持冷静keep cool
即使在十分气愤的情况下她也能保持冷静
She can keep cool even under heavy pressure of anger.
4. 说话兜圈子beat about the bush
5. 心怀叵测have an ax to grind
她总是心怀叵测，对她说的话你得多留神。
She always has an ax to grind. You should take whatever she says with a pinch of salt.
6. 心数不正not have one?s heart in the right place
他的心数不正，动不动就在别人的背后捅刀子。
He doesn?t have his heart in the right place. He would find every opportunity to stab in the back of others.
7. 背后捅刀子stab in the back
我万万没想到张某会在背后捅我一刀。我过去太信任她了。
I was taken aback and didn?t think Zhang would stab me in the back. I placed too much trust in her.
8.说某人的坏话badmouth somebody
我从来没说过任何人的坏话。
I?ve never badmouthed anyone.
9.傻笑grin like a Cheshire cat
她真是个傻帽，时常无缘无故的就傻笑起来。
She?s a real nitwit. She would now and then burst out grinning like a Cheshire car for no reason at all.(Cheshire是英国的郡名：柴郡。据说此地有一种猫，常常会无缘无故地咧开嘴对主人笑。后来人们便以此来形容傻笑地的人
10．厚着脸皮去干have the gall to do
你怎么能厚着脸皮去抱怨说别人不勤快？
How can you have the gall to complaint about other people?s being lazy?
第三篇脾气和性格
第二节
11.大献殷勤dance attendance
小李在老板面前可会献殷勤了。
Xiao li is so good at dancing attendance on her boss.
12.血口喷人smite with the tongue
千万别得罪她，她经常血口喷人。
Take care not to offend her. She always smites with the tongue.
13.假惺惺的说speak with one?s tongue in one?s cheek
我特别讨厌她。她说话总是假惺惺地。
I feel sick of her. She always speaks with her tongue in her cheek.
14.这山望着那山高The grass is always greener on the other hill.
人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的状况没有满意的时候。
Almost all people see that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what
they?ve already got.
15.上瘾get into one?s blood
说来也怪，很多不好的事往往会使人上瘾。
It?s astoundingly funny that many harm ful things usually get into our blood.
16.特别爱生气be quick to take offense
17.发牢骚beef
他坐在那里什么事也不干，总是发牢骚，真烦死人。
I?m really bored stiff with his sitting there doing nothing but beefing.
18.等不及了champ at the bit
咱们快点吧，孩子们都等不及了。
Let?s shake the leg. The kids are champing at the bit.
19.点头哈腰bow and scrape
从她在老板前点头哈腰地那个模样，你就知道她是个什么人了。
From the way she?s bowing and scraping in front of the boss, you?ll know what sort of person she is.
20.疯疯癫癫go gaga
对他的话不要太在意了，他总是疯疯癫癫的。
Don?t take what he says so seriously. He?s alw ays going gaga.
第三篇脾气和性格
第三节
21.说话不算数go back on one?s words
他那个人说话从不算数,我们可不能依靠他。
We cannot ccount on him. He always goes back on his words.
22.废话连篇beat one?s gums
谁喜欢坐在那里听你的废话连篇？
Who would enjoy sitting there listening to your beating your gums?
23.恩将仇报bite the hand that feeds one
你难道不知道她是个恩将仇报的人？
Don?t you know she?s the one that would bite the hand that feeds her?
24.不忍心not have the heart to do
如果我是你，我可不忍心把孩子们就在家里没人照看
If I were you, I wouldn?t have the heart to leave the kids at home uncared for.
25.勤快an eager beaver
他特别勤快，从来没有闲着的时候。
He?s an eager beaver, never staying idle.
26.太不象话了The idea of somebody?s doing
你太不象话了，竟然骂自己的母亲
The idea of your calling your mum damned!
27.懒透了be bone-idle
她懒透的了，连自己的袜子都不洗。
She?s bone-idle. She?s even ti red of washing her own socks.
28.好客keep open house
我们的邻居特别好客
Our neighbor keeps open house.
29.待客周到keep a good house.
She keeps a good house and always makes her guests feel content and satisfied.
30.正直be on the up and up
她是个正直的姑娘，因此我相信她不会干出那种事。
She?s always been on the up and up and I don?t think she would have done such a thing.
第三篇脾气和性格
第四节
31.偷鸡摸狗be on the sly
我们这儿的人都知道他是个爱偷鸡摸狗的人
Everyone around here knows that he?s a man on the sly.
32. 与……不合be at odds with
不要把他们两个分在一个组里，他俩不合
Don?t put th em in the same group. The two of them are at odds with each other.
33.巴结buddy up
她可会巴结当官的了。
She?s so good at budding up to shoes in authorities
34.装傻play possum
我知道你当时只不过是装傻而已
I know you were only playing possum.
35.省吃俭用pinch and scrape
她一向省吃俭用，从未浪费过一分钱
She?s always been pinching and scraping without ever wasting a single cent.
36. 花言巧语do a snow job
他花言巧语的哄骗那个女孩，说自己是某个部长的儿子。
He did a snow job on the girl by saying that he is the son of a minister.
37. 哪壶不开提哪壶touch the tender spot
你真是哪壶不开提哪壶。她就怕别人提起第三者插足的话题
You were plain touching the tender spot. She was most sensitive to the topic of “ the third person”, who cut in between a couple.
38.脚踩两条船serve two masters
我可不想脚踩两条船，也不乐意两面讨好。
I don?t want to serve two masers at the same time nor do I like to run with the hare and hunt with the
hounds.
39.吃醋be jealous
40.不当一回事as soon do …as look at …
他根本就不把得罪人当回事
He would just as soon offend other people as look at them.
第三篇脾气和性格
第五节
41.说到做到be the equal of one?s words
他说到做到，从不食言
He?s the equal of his words, neve r going back on them.
42.不依不饶take off the gloves to
你不必对他如此的不依不饶
You don?t need to take off your gloves to him like that.
43.贪吃gluttonous
我从来没有见过像他那样贪吃的人
I?ve never met a man as gluttonous as him.
44.很乖as good as gold
他的小女儿很乖，从不像别的孩子那样不听话。
His little d aughter is as good as gold. She?s never been as rebellious as other children.
45.十分嫉妒be green with envy
王先生的成功使得周围很多人都嫉妒
Mr. Wang?s success has made many people around him green with envy.
46.满口脏话swear like a trooper
那个家伙的嘴特别脏，整天满口脏话骂骂咧咧的。
That guy has a foul mouth. He always swears like a trooper.
47.神经过敏thin-skinned
我看这些人都有点神经过敏
In my eyes they?re all sort of thin-skinned.
48.性子过急be too quick on the trigger
要不是因为你的性子过急，你也不至于失去那笔买卖
If you were not too quick on the trigger you wouldn?t have lost the deal.
49.撒娇play the woman
她可会在男人面前撒娇了。
She …s so good at playing the woman before men.
50.占人便宜load the dice against
你最好别和她打交道，她总爱占别人的便宜
You?d better not to get involved with her. she always loads the dice against others.
51.为自己捞油水be on the take
近几年来，很多官员都在为自己捞油水。有谁会把国家的利益当回事哪？
In recent years many officials are readily on the take .Who would give much heed to the interest of the country?
第四篇情感和态度
第一节
1. 犹豫不定be of two minds
我打算买辆汽车，可心里一直犹豫不定，不知道买那个牌子的好。
I?m thinking of buying a car, but I?m still of two mind s .I can hardly decide as to which brand I should take.
2.心事重重some thing weighs heavily on one?s mind
老板这几天沉默寡言，看起来好像是心事重重的
The boss is quite down these days. He seems to have something weighing heavily on his mind. 3.埋头苦干keep one?s nose to the grindsto ne
这年头，只会埋头苦干的人是挣不了大钱的
These years those who?re keeping their nose to the grindstone can?t make bundles.
4.心凉了半截cool one?s ardor
莉莉深深爱上了公司的老板并打算嫁给他，但是当她听说他玩弄过几个女孩子之后，她的心都凉了半截。
Lily was head over heels in love with their company?s boss and was thinking of marrying him, but the news that he had taken several girls for a ride cooled her ardor.
5.使人大为激动make one?s spine tingle
小李答应与他结婚使他大为激动
XiaoLi?s promise to marry him made his spine tingle.
6.怀恨在心bear somebody a grudge
千万别得罪他，他会对你怀恨在心的
Take care not to offe nd him, or he?ll bear you a grudge.
7.感到四肢无力feel wobbly and rough.
8.受冷落feel left out
在这样的场合上，谁愿意受到冷落那？
Who would like to feel left out at such a function?
9.不容易no cinch.
我是挣了钱，但这钱挣得太不容易了
I know I?ve made some money, but it was no cinch to get it.
10．为难be in a pickle
我真的很为难，我本应该给他买件皮衣，可我没有那么多的钱
I?m really in a pickle. I?m supposed to buy him a fur coat, but I don?t have enough money for such an item.(pickle作“困境”解)
11．苦苦哀求press one?s suit
她苦苦哀求丈夫再给她一次机会
She pressed her suit and asked her husband to give her another chance.
(苦苦哀求：press one?s suit. suit 指“乞求或恳求”)
第四篇情感和态度
第二节
12. 闲得无聊twiddle one?s thumbs
这些娘们儿都闲得无聊,不是坐在那里说长道短，就是三五成群的谈论别人家的“丑闻”These “old girls”network are twiddling their thumbs , sitting there either gossiping or forming into groups talki ng about other families? “skeletons”
13.推卸责任pass the buck
当老板问起是谁把消息说出去的时候，他们两个人相互推卸责任。
When the boss was asking who had disclosed the news ,the two of them began to pass the buck to each other.
14.承担后果face the music
这件事是他们三个人一起干的，可是现在谁也不愿意承担后果
It was done by the three of them. But none of them want to face the music now.
15.真烦人a pill
她真烦人，整天唠唠叨叨的
She?s really a pill, spending whole day harping and complaining.
16.饶不了某人not put anything past somebody
如果他胆敢给我使坏，我就饶不了他。
If he dare hit me below the belt, I wo n?t put anything past him.
17.一门心思have one?s heart set on
他的女儿一门心思想嫁给一个日本人
His daughter has had her heart set on marrying a Japanese man.
18.心烦意乱nerves on edge
这几天不知是什么事把我搞得心烦意乱的
I don?t know what has set my nerves on edge these days.
19.那可不行nothing doing
又要用我的车？那可不行！
Want to use my car again? Nothing doing.
20.容易极了Nothing to it
你能说服我爸爸么？Can you convince my father?
说服你爸爸？那太容易了Convince your dad? Nothing to it!
21.到了极点one for the books
他的表演简直棒极了
His performance was really one for the books.
22.觉得可疑了smell a rat
当他们同意把那批货以那样的价格卖给你的时候，你难道没有感到有些可疑么?
Didn?t you smell a rat when they agreed to sell you the goods at such a price?
第四篇情感和态度
第三节
23.敬而远之give a wide berth to
对他那号人，你还是敬而远之为好
You?d better give a wide berth to a guy of his sort.
24.稍微……就行了give ……a once－over
车子不很脏，稍微擦擦就行了
The car?s not very dirty, a once-over will do.
25.无聊be for the birds
他特别无聊，不是讲下流笑话，就是谈论别人的婚姻。
He? s plain for the birds. He would either crack a blue joke or talk about other people?s marriages.
26.合口味to one?s taste
这种音乐很符合他的口味
This sort of music is quite to his taste.
27.心里特别难受be sick at heart
看到她受到那般伤害我心里特别难受
I felt sick at heart when I saw how much she was hurt.
28.别往心里去not take …to heart
不要往心里去，她不是有意要伤害你的
Don?t take it too much to heart. She didn?t mean to hurt you.
29.死也不同意o ver one?s dead body
她说她死也不会跟你结婚的
She said that she would marry you over her dead body.
30.头痛得快炸了a splitting headache
我的头痛得快炸了
I have a splitting headache.
31.受到良心的谴责get one?s conscience smitten
如果你抛弃你的妻子和孩子，你迟早会受到良心的谴责的
You?ll get your conscience smitten s ooner or later if you have the heart to abandon your wife and children.
32.忐忑不安have (a case of )the jitters
自从那家人搬到我们这儿，我们就感到忐忑不安
33.垂头丧气sing the blues
我不知道为什么这几天她总是垂头丧气的
I don?t know why she?s singing the blues these days.
第四篇情感和态度
第四节
34. 吓得直打哆嗦tremble like a leaf
听到那个消息，他吓得直打哆嗦
He was trembling like a leaf at the news.
35.不再登某人家的门not darken the door of
你放心把，我今后决不会再登你家的门了
You can be assured that I will never darken your door again.
36.美颠颠的walk on air
当他听说那个女孩子喜欢他时，他乐得美颠颠得
37．疼得难忍be killing
我的牙疼得够戗，我真受不了了。
My tooth is killing me. I can?t stand it.
38.热情得让人受不了kill someone with kingness
她那热情简直让人受不了
She?d kill people with kindness.
39.乐意take kindly to
看来她不乐意接受我们的建议
She didn?t seem to take kindly to our suggestions.
40.顶牛be at loggerheads
他们俩经常为某些事顶牛儿。
The two of them are always at loggerheads.
(此语源于中世纪得“泼柏油战法”。据说loggerhead是中世纪人们用来熔解柏油的用具。在海战中，敌对的两只船相互用loggerhead泼柏油)
41.无论怎么样也不not do …for love or money
无论怎么样我也不能和她那号人合作
I wouldn?t do things together with her sort for love or money.
42.感到心里不好受get a lump in one?s throat
我一看悲剧电影就不好受
I get a lump in my throat whenever I see a tragic movie.
43.感到不舒服feel under the weather
别去打扰她。她这几天感到身体有点不舒服
Don?t disturb her. She?s feeling under the weather these days.
44.放下不管leave someone in the lurch
你怎么能忍心放下两个孩子不管自己去旅游那？
How could you have the heart to leave the kids in the lurch and went out traveling yourself?
第四篇情感和态度
第五节
45.临走时说的一句气话a parting shot
他说了一句气话就冲出了屋子。
With a parting shot he stormed out of the house.
(一个人和别人发生争吵后，常会在临走时说一句发泄愤怒的话，叫a parting shot)
46让过去的事过去吧let bygones be bygones
别再提它了，让过去的事过去吧
Don?t mention it. Let bygones be bygones.
47.烦透了be sick and tired of …
她没完没了的抱怨真把我给烦透了
I got sick and tired of her endless complaints.
48.欣然的with a good grace
他欣然的接受了这项工作
He accepted the job with a good grace.
49.你……好不好？I?ll thank you to …
闭上你的臭嘴好不好？
I?ll thank you to shut up your foul mouth?
50.忙得脱不开身be tied up with
我们经理忙得脱不开身，您还是明天再来吧。
Our manager?s tied up now. Will you come tomorrow?
51.不要求特殊照顾ask no odds
即使在特别困难得情况下，他也从未要求过特殊照顾。
52．感情不好be on the outs
自从她从美国会来以后，她和丈夫的关系就一直不好。
She?s been on the outs with her husband since she came back from the US.
53.满不在乎like water off a duck?s back
老板在会上严厉的批评了他，可他却满不在乎
The boss criticized him at the meeting, but it was just like water off a duck?s back.
54.站在某人一边side with someone
但我和爸爸发生争执时，姐姐总是站在爸爸那一边。
My sister always sides with my father against me in my argument with him.
55.不要声张be hush-hush
这件事可不要声张，千万别向任何人吐露一个字。
This business is hush-hush. Never breathe a word to anyone about it.
56.置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to
他对老板的话置若罔闻，根本不把它当回事
He turns a deaf ear to what the boss says, never taking it seriously.
第五篇工作，机会和运气
第一节
1. 前途远大have the world before one
你们的前途都很远大，但仍需努力工作
You all have the world before you .But you?ll still need to work hard.
2.好险a narrow squeak
昨晚好险哪。老板同一个女职员在办公室里动手动脚的，差点让他的妻子给撞上了。
The boss had a narrow squeak last night in his office: his spooning with a girl clerk was almost found out by his wife.
3.手气好have the Midas touch
王先生的手气特别好，干什么都挣钱。
Mr. Wang has the Midas touch: everything he does turns to gold.
(此语源自希腊神话。据说神给一个叫Midas的人一种特殊的力量，任何东西只要被他的手一碰就会变成黄金.后来，Midas touch便用来喻指“有发财的运气或技能”了)
4.走运be on the gravy train
这几年他一直很走运
He?s been on the gravy train these years.
5让人给骗了be ripped off
我又被那个家伙给骗了
I was ripped off again by that guy.
6．不入虎穴焉得虎子Nothing venture ,nothing have.
7.白费力气plough the air.
你再劝他也只是白费力气
Any attempt tot let him change will only be ploughing the air.
8.命好lead a charmed life
他的命真好。爸爸是政府高级官员，妈妈是公司的总经理，自己通过了托福考试并获得美国一所大学的奖学金。
His father is a senior government official, his mother is the general manager of a large company and he himself had passed the TOFEL test and got a scholarship from an American university. He must have been leading a charmful life!
9.倒霉get in the neck
在家里，如果孩子们打架被父母发现了，倒霉的总是年龄大的孩子。
In the family, if the kicks-up are found out by the parent s , it?s always the oldest of the children who?ll get in the neck.
第五篇工作，机会和运气
第二节
10.背黑锅hold the bag
在任何的情况下，我从没有让任何人为我背黑锅。
Under no circumstances have I made anyone hold the bag for me.
11. 有利可图的事an angle
无利可图的事，那家伙是从来不会干的。
That guy never does anythin g unless there?s an angle in it.
12.吃苦头burn one?s fingers
以前，我为了帮那个家伙吃了一些苦头。
I burned my fingers in helping that guy before.
13.被开除be sacked
他因为玩忽职守被开除了。
He got sacked for falling asleep at the switch.
14.因祸得福a blessing in disguise
他遭遇车祸反而因祸得福了：住院时和一个漂亮的护士相爱了。
He had an accident and it turned out to be a blessing in disguise: a pretty nurse fell in love with him during his stay in the hospital.
15.一举成名be vaulted to fame
老张就是个一夜成功，一举成名的典型例证。
Lao Zhang was vaulted to fame, a classic example of overnight success.
16.千载难逢once in a blue moon
这可是个千载难逢的好机会啊！
This is a chance once in a blue moon.
17.十拿九稳it?s dollar to buttons
他肯定能通过这次的考试，这是十拿九稳的了。
I bet he will pass the exam. It's dollar to buttons.
18.没门！No way!
19.好日子不多了one?s days are numbered
他意识到自己好日子没几天了，不禁感到一阵凄凉和恐慌。
He felt a rush of chilled feeling of anxiety when he realized that his days were numbered.
20.有点玄乎a bit iffy
依我看，他们的成功有点玄乎
As far as I can see, their success is a bit iffy.
21.走上坡路be on the up grade
走上坡路比走下坡路要难得多
It?s much more difficult to be on the up grade than on the down grade.
22.受某人恩宠be in somebody?s grace
他们家的孩子都很受人恩宠
Every child in his family is in good graces of other people.
23.开门红get off to a flying start
我们公司一成立就来了个开门红：在开业后的第一周就得到了三笔大宗订单
Our company got off to a flying start when it opened to business: we got three big orders during the first week of opening.
24.跟白给的一样便宜be a steal/be for a song
这部车他只花了300美元，跟白拣的一样。
He spent only 300 dollars in the car, which was simply a steal.
25.坐失良机miss the boat
他说他为错过那样好的机会而感到非常遗憾
He said that he was very much regretted about having missed the boat.
26.一帆风顺pan out
你不能期望事情总是一帆风顺的呀！
You can?t always expect things to pan out each time, can you?
27.碰钉子get the cheese
他没想到在那个公司会碰钉子。
He didn?t expect to get the cheese in that company.
第五篇工作，机会和运气
第四节
28.在火葬场工作work as a funeral furnisher
老李已经在火葬场工作了二十多年了。
Lao Li?s been working as a funeral furnisher for more than 20 years.
29.吊儿郎当play around
我可不喜欢让我的孩子整天吊儿郎当的，一点正经事都不干。
I don?t want my children to play around all day and do nothing useful.
30.棘手的问题a ticklish question
面对那些棘手的问题他也显得束手无策了。
He seemed to be at his wits end before those ticklish questions.
31.难办的事sticky business
他发现这件事特别难办，同意不好，不同意也不好。
He found it a sticky business: he could neither agree nor disagree.
32.稳扎稳打play for safety
在这种情况下，我们应该稳扎稳打，切勿操之过急。
Under such circumstances we should play for safety against making haste.
33.干苦差事hold the baby
为什么把这个苦差事留给我一个人干？
Why should I be left holding the baby alone?
34.饭碗儿one?s bread and butter
我不能放弃教书，那是我的饭碗。
I can?t give up teaching, for it?s my bread and but ter.
35.忙得不可开交have one?s hands full
王燕白天上班，下班后还要照顾家里，简直是忙得不可开交。
Wang Yan has her hands full with working full time during the day and taking care of the family the rest of the time.
36.没那回事nothing of the sort!
别听他们胡说八道，根本就没那回事。
Don?t be fooled by their b abbling. Nothing of the sort!
第六篇赞同与反对
第一节
1. 大吵大闹yell bloody murder
如果我的妻子知道我为他们花了多少钱，她一定会大吵大闹的。
My wife will certainly yell boldly murder when she learns how much I have spent for them.
2. 很像the spitting image of
小李真象他的爸爸，在老婆面前象条虫似的。
Xiao Li is plain the spitting image of his father, who behaves just like a lamb in front of his wife.
3. 绝交信Dear John
贝克收到他女朋友的绝交信的那天简直都气疯了。
Beck went plain crazy with anger on the day when he received his Dear John from his exgirlfriend.
4.不能轻信take something with a grain of salt
他说的话你可不能全信，他是个说谎不带脸红的人。
You must always take what he says with a grain of salt. He?s a born liar.
5. 告发，检举blow the whistle
据说检举这件事的政府官员也被调职了。
It?s said that those government officials who had blown the whistle also got transferred.
6. 指控charge somebody with
他被指控犯有强奸罪而被逮捕了
He was charged with raping and got arrested.
7.刮目相看sit up and take notice
他最近出了几本十分畅销的书，这使得很多人对他刮目相看
He has published a number of books and they all become best-sellers, the fact of which makes
many
people sit up and take notice.
8.挺不错的be hunky-dory
他的女朋友挺不错的，跟谁都合得来。
His girlfriend is hunky-dory, getting on nicely with almost everyone.
9.已经……了be over
电影已经完了The film is over.
10.断断续续be off and on
我断断续续学了12年的英语了。
I have been learning English off and on for 12 years.
11.亏你说得出来I like that!
你是说男人应该娶几个老婆？亏你说得出来！
Did you say that a man should have several wives? I like that!
12.闭上嘴button one?s lip/zip ones lips
闭上嘴！难道你看不出来人家不爱听么？
Zip your lips. Can?t you see they?re annoyed?
13.真的阿you don?t say
我已经和丽玲结婚了。Li ling and I are married.
真的阿！你真幸运。You don?t say! You are lucky.
第六篇赞同与反对
第二节
14.再合适不过了suit somebody to a T
这个颜色对你再合适不过了。
This color suits you to a T.
15.让人看不下去an eye-sore
看那两个年轻人在那里又搂又吻的真让人看不下去。
The two young guys? caressing and spooning there are plain an eye-sore.
16.不能用了be done for
这件大衣不能穿了。买件新的吧。
Buy yourself a new coat. This one is already done for.
17. 不理不睬not even give a tumble
小李三番五次的说他喜欢小刘，可是小刘对他不理不睬
Xiao Li says that he likes Xiao Liu but she doesn?t even give him tumble.
18.拒绝某人的求婚give somebody the mitten
她说她的求婚被拒绝了。
She said that she had been given the mitten.
19.为……说句好话put in a good word for
你可以去找老王，让他在老板面前为你说句好话。
You may go to Lao Wang and ask him to put in a good word for you in front of the boss.
20.怎么也不…… can?t for the life of one.
我怎么也想不起他的电话号码了
I can?t fo r the life of me remember his telephone number.
21.绝对没有I?d eat my hat if I had…
我绝对没有把那个消息告诉她。
I?d eat my hat if I had disclosed the news to her.
22.算了吧call it quits
算了吧。他既然已有新欢，我也就不打算和他复婚了
I?d call it quits, and I would not remarry him for that he?s alrea dy had his new woman.
23.合格be up to grade
他们的新产品基本上都是合格的。
Their new products are near up to grade.
24.我同意I?ll drink to it.
你是说我们今晚到饭馆去吃么？这个我同意
Did you say we?d eat out tonight? I?ll drink to that.
25. 严加训斥give somebody a dressing down
老板听到那个消息后严厉训斥了参与此事的职员。
On hearing the news, the boss gave a dressing down to all those clerks that were involved in the business.
26.一个字也不说not breathe a word
她的嘴很紧，直到现在对那件事她也没有吐露一个字。
She?s tight-mouthed .So far she has not breathed a word about that.
第七篇金钱，爱情，婚姻，家庭
第一节
1. 跟别人要钱mooch off someone
我最讨厌跟别人要钱得人了。
I feel sick of those who mooch off others.
2. 钱挣海了coin money
这几年老张的钱挣海了。谁也没料到他会发这么大的财。
Lao Zhang is coining money these few years. Who can ever expect he would be able to make bundles like this!
3. 钱多得花不完have money to burn
老李的钱多得花不完，要不他敢这么挥霍？
Lao Li has money to burn. Otherwise, how could he splash his money about like anything?
4. 钱能生钱money begets money
钱能生钱。没本钱又怎能挣大钱那？
Money begets money. Without money in hand, how can you make bundles?
5. 没钱be broke
我手头没钱了，咱们别到外面去吃了
I don?t want to eat out today. I?m broke.
6. 钱来之不易money doesn?t grow on trees
你不应该如此挥霍。钱来之不易阿！
You should not splash your money about like this. Money doesn?t grow on trees.
7. 敲竹杠a clip joint
那可是一家漫天要价，大敲竹杠的商店阿
That shop is plain a clip joint!
8. 生活很富裕be well fixed
自从中国对外开放以后，有些农民也成了企业家，而且大部分农民的生活都富裕起来了。 Since China opened to the outside world, some farmers have become entrepreneurs and many are well-fixed, living a much more comfortable life.
9. 吃了上顿没下顿not know where the next meal comes
虽然很多人都已经富裕起来了，可是人有些人吃了上顿没下顿
In spite the fact that many have now become well-fixed, some people still remain in a state that they do not know where the next meal comes.
第七篇金钱，爱情，婚姻，家庭
第二节
10. 发财rake it in
它在海南挣了很多钱，真没想到他会发财
He made bundles in Hai Nan. He was unexpectedly raking it in.
11. 太宰人了cost an arm and a leg
这个饭馆太宰人了，一个白菜豆腐汤也得要上几十元。
Eating in this restaurant will cost you an arm and a leg. You? ll have to pay tens of yuan for even a soup of cabbage and beancurd
12. 跟别人比阔keep up with the Joneses
我可不像你，老是和别人比阔
I?m not your sort who like to keep up with the Joneses.
13. 养家糊口bring home the bacon
一个家里总得有个养家糊口的人
Some one has to bring home the bacon in the family.
14. 与……私通have an illicit love affair with
据说那个法官与一个电影明星私通。
The judge is said to have an illicit love affair with a film star.
15. 婚外恋a double life
我们这儿的人都感觉到他有婚外恋
People around here all feel that he?s leading a double life.
16. 深深爱上be head over heels in love with
听说小丽爱上一个比她大三十岁的老头子。爱情这个东西真是难琢磨。
I hear Xiao Li is head over heels in love with an old man who is 30 years older than her. Love is really a mystery.
17. 与门第比自己低的人结婚marry with the left hand
皇太子放弃了王位，与比自己门第低的人结了婚并到国外度蜜月去了
The son of the Emperor gave up his stewardship as King and married with the left hand. He?s now on their honeymoon abroad.
18. 嫁妆marriage portion
离婚时，她要求男方把她结婚时的全部嫁妆还给她。
On the point of their divorce, she demanded on his returning to her all the lot she has brought as her marriage portion.
第七篇金钱，爱情，婚姻，家庭
第三节
19. 外快side money
在过去的几年中老张挣了一大笔外快
Lao Zhang has made a huge sum of side money in the past few years.
20．买得便宜buy something on the cheap
他的那部车买得可真便宜
He bought that car on the cheap.
21.输得精光be taken to the cleaners
那帮人合伙欺负他，结果让他输得精光。
The guys ganged up on him and they took him to the cleaners.
22.调情make a pass at someone
当一个陌生男子开始向我调情时，我瞪了他一眼就离开了。
When I found that a stranger began to make a pass at me, I gave him a stern look and left.
23.花费outgoings
他一个月才挣300多块钱，怎么能支付得起家里所有的花费那？
He gets about 300 yuan a month .How could he possibly balance his family?s outgoings with such
a small income?
24.重要约会a heavy date
她说她今晚有重要约会，所以不能来了。
She says she is having a heavy date tonight, so she won?t come.
25.向……求婚pop the question to
他向我求婚时说一辈子只爱我一个人。可是现在呢？情况可大不一样了。
When he popped the question to me he said that I was the only one he would love but now, the story is quite different.
26.把……给甩了give somebody the air
最后她还是把他给甩了。
She had as supposed given him the air at last.
27.怀孕了be heavy with child
你怎么能忍心让一个大肚子的女人干这样重的活呢？
How could you have the heart to let a woman heavy with child to do such a rough job?
第七篇金钱，爱情，婚姻，家庭
第四节
28.生在富贵人家born with a silver spoon in one?s mouth
一般说来，生在富贵人家的孩子很少有什么出息。
Generally speaking, very few of those who were born with a silver spoon in their mouths will make the mark.
29.开价make a price
我看过你的那部车了，现在你开个价吧。
I?ve see n your car and now you can make a price.
30.卖个好价钱fetch a good price
他的那部车在这次拍卖会上一定能卖个好价钱。
His car is certain to fetch a good price at the auction.
31.搂搂抱抱play kossy-poo
公园里那些年轻人搂搂抱抱的真让人看不下去
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.
专八英译汉翻译练习 1.Age The same space seems shorter as we grow older… in youth we may have an absolutely new experience, subjective or objective, every hour of the day. Apprehension is vivid, retentiveness strong, and our recollections of that time, like those of a time spent in rapid and interesting travel, are of long-drawn out. But as each passing year converts some of this experience into automatic routine which we hardly note at all, the days and the week smooth themselves out in recollection to contentless units, and years grow hollow and collapse. William James (1842—1910): Principles of Psychology 2.Alienation By alienation is meant a mode of experience in which the person experiences himself as an alien. He has become, one might say, estranged from himself. He does not experience himself as the center of his world, as the creator of his own acts—but his acts and their consequences have become his masters, whom he obeys, or whom he may even worship. The alienated person is out of touch with himself as he is out of touch with other person. He, like the others, is experienced as things are experienced; with the senses and with common sense, but at the same time without being related to oneself and to the world outside positively. Erich Fromm (1900—1980)：The Sane Society 3.American Dream I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dram. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed：“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by color of their skin but by content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor’s lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, through places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. Martin Luther King (1929—1968)：I Have a Dream
（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 （a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。 （King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。 （Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
汉译英中词语的省略 1．重复省略 A.四字成语 汉语许多描写性文章，如旅游景观的介绍等，往往使用华丽的词藻和形容词，尤其是四字成语。这些词语或成语往往有同义反复的倾向，而无多大实际意义，大多是出于讲究声韵对仗，渲染气氛等方面考虑。如“甜言蜜语、千姿百态、深思熟虑、争先恐后”等都是同义反复。但英语的风格要求的是简洁明快。因此，在翻译中，要适当减词，不能把汉语行文中堆砌的词藻和形容词都搬到英语中。 1）不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。 2）满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花如白雪，香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花味多浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争妍媲美。进入桂林公园， 阵阵桂花香扑鼻而来。 3）因为他们很注意处理各方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。 4）正沿着建设有中国特色的社会主义道路，满怀信心，昂首阔步地迈向二十一世纪。 B.一般词语 不仅是四字成语，其他平行性词语，也是汉语追求韵律和工整的修辞手段，英译时要省略相同意义的词。 1）多数中国人依然关心世事，注重人情，而这些在佛教看来都是虚幻的。 2）五年来新增就业3555万人。 3) 中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七世纪的唐代，已经相当盛行了。 2．习惯省略 英语习惯简洁的表达，对上下文已清楚的信息往往予以省略。因此对汉语中重复的意思，要根据英语表达习惯，采用简化表达。 A.动词 1）他家里很穷，没有什么衣服可穿，也没有什么东西可吃。 2) 搞好社会治安，是关系到人民群众生命财产安全和改革、发展、稳定的大事。 3)……鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。 a. …encouraging both Chinese and overseas investors to invest in the central and western regions. b….encouraging both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions. B.名词 汉语一些主谓结构翻译成英语时，谓语形容词往往含有整个主谓结构句子意思。这样这个结构中的主语名词意思就可以省略。 1)由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。 2）自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓，一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，饱览无遗。 3）建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。 C.范畴词 英语中有些抽象名词往往已含有汉语中一些表示状态、品质的范畴概念。如“他在我不知道的情况下私自拿走了那东西”，在翻译中就无须译出“情况”:He took it away without my knowledge. 再如：unemployment=失业现象、失业问题；housing＝住房问题；emergency＝紧急状况；solution＝解决方法；complacency＝自满情绪；tension＝紧张局势；stability＝稳定局面。在汉译英时，要省译问题、状况、情绪、看法、局面、气氛、现象这些汉语的范畴词。 1）我们一定要逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距问题。 2）与此同时，各学校正采取步骤纠正教学和科研不平和的状况。
1暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。 也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没 有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的 最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有 这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。如果 走近了, 你会发现它们洁白的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。 2都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望， 对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。 我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发， 人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还 在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外 部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的 渐损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的 内心世界的阴晴。 3手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。 尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反 映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手 机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。 4朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友 之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从 而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或者只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的 种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。 5大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并 深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和载花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到 广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自 己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。 6得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一 幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，
2013汉译英 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine；people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it，the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood，which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste，the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life，which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed，the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind，leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine：the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows，just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years，it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity，just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉 联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英 痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的 数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛
专八翻译 第一部分汉译英 1.2000年试题 中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。 世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。 世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。 中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆。它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。 The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which show through fossils and specimens the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms. Those of the second generation are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements made in various periods of the industrial age. These two types of museums, while functioning as disseminators of scientific knowledge, treat their visitors as mere viewers. Science museums of the third generation are entirely different from their predecessors. They stress visitor participation, encouraging those interested to make detailed study of the exhibits on their own by trying their hands on them. The experience so gained will enable them to understand advanced technologies better and help them in their quest for what is still unknown in science （陶文好李孚声，《2000年英语专业八级汉译英词汇误译心理认知分析》，《上海科技翻译》，2001年第1期第36-41页） 2.2001年试题 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” 译文 1 In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness w hich exert a special appeal.” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s
关于汉译英的译法总结 关于汉译英的译法总结英译汉与汉译英有两个重要的问题：增词/减词；词性转换。我们知道学习英语翻译首先要搞清英语与汉语的语言差异，这与中西方文化的差异有很大的关系，我们没有太多时间去完全掌握西方的文化背景，在这里总结了一下在汉译英时所 翻译出来的英语应具备的特点： 1、句式结构为：废话+主语+主要的话+废话，所以在汉译英时，当多个分句进行组合时需要找出主要矛盾，次要矛盾； 2、善用长句，不用标点。在进行汉译英是多为合译，中文短句通过一定的介词连词进行句子组合； 3、善用连词，英语为形合式语言，句与句之间善用连词连接，句子多为长句； 4、善用名词、形容词。英文属弱势语言，善用弱势动词，因此汉译英的关键点在于找出最重要的动词，将中文中的强势动词进行弱势动词的过渡，一个地道的英文句子中动词越少越好； 5、善用代词。中文中善用名词或者名词省略，而英文中多用代词指代； 6、常用标点符号：“; : -” 7、评论性语句顺序为先评论再事实； 8、语言结构为先总后分； 9、善用表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句，而中文善用宾语从句。如，我记得：the memory of….(表语从句)；what I remembered is that…(主语从句) 汉译英翻译步骤： 1、断句。中文句子较短，首先判断哪些句子应该放在一起翻译。 2、找动词（核心谓语动词）。判断句子中哪个动词重要，哪个不重要。 3、找连词（在多个分句同时存在时使用）； 4、翻译； 5、重读。 英文句式特点： 1．主谓搭配问题（平衡） 中文由于强调句子中的某个成分主语较长，谓语、宾语较短，而英文的主谓宾分配比较均匀，没有固定的强调结构。我们也称中文为“非平衡性语言”，英文为“平衡性语言”。 如，中国的海洋资源十分丰富。译为：China is rich in marine resource.而不是译为：China’s marine resource are very rich. 2．评论与事实（先评论后事实） 翻译时，英文是先评论后事实。 如，中国要在短时间内达到粮食高产国家的水平难度较大。其中难度较大是评论，前面是事实。翻译时应为：it will be difficult for China to reach the level of countries with high grain yield in the short period of time. 如何找核心谓语动词？ 谓语动词的层次性。 如，我进去看了。 1找核心谓语动词：进 2找非谓语或从句：看 3介词：去 4还有动词则不译 翻译为：I came in to have a look. 如，我只记得门警是瑞士的兵士，穿着黄色的制服。 1核心谓语动词：记得 2非谓语或从句：是 3介词：穿着 翻译为：I remembered that the guards at the gate were swiss solder in yellow unionforms. 如何判断主次？ 答：一般来说，先发生的动词更加重要，而后发生的动作不是那么重要，可以把前面的动词翻译为核心谓语，后面的翻译为非谓语动词。我们把句子中最主要的动词作为句子的“核心谓语”，其次重要的是“非谓语动词或从句”，再次重要的是“介词”，最不重要的“不翻译”。 一．连词的使用： 1、句与句没关系用and 2、句与句并列用while。 二．动词的使用原则（动词的过渡）： 中文中的强势动词在英文中常找一个弱势动词进行过渡。 如，谓语动词的过渡。 我支持你：I give you a support. 我买了一辆车：I made a purchase of a car. 如，中国政府愿借此机会介绍中国海洋事业的发展。“介绍”的直接翻译为“introduce”,而我们在翻译时，翻译为“make an introduction of”,用弱势动词“make”来过渡，把强势动词introduce变成了抽象名词。 三．代词/物主代词： 中文善用省略代词，而英文的每个名词前都需要有代词或冠词，所以汉译英时一定不要忘记名词前代词的存在。 如，出口产品可由合营企业直接或与其有关的委托机构向国外市场出售，也可通过中国的外资机构出售。译为：An equity joint venture sells its foreign products to foreign markets directly through associated agency or foreign trade agency of China. 其its不要忘记。 四．定语的处理原则：