2014职称英语 理工A 阅读理解备考

2014年职称英语考试真题及解析（理工类A）insane1.Both of the old man’s daughters were killed, and now he is goingA.sadB.mourningC.crazyD.revenge正确答案:C解析:老人的两个女儿都被杀死了，现在他快要疯了。

A 伤心B哀悼C 疯了D 报仇2.The teacher got annoyedwith him because his was always lateA.enjoyedB.connectedC.satisfiedD.upset正确答案:D解析:他总是迟到，这令他的老师很生气。

A 喜欢B 联系C 满意D 生气consequently3.The supermarket was closed, and they returned home with empty handsA.conciselyB.eloquentlyC.as a resultD.frequently正确答案:C解析:超市关门了，结果他们只能空手而归。

A 简明地 B 雄辩地 C 结果D频繁地foliage4.The park is famous for the autumnA.weatherB.harvestC.festivalsD.leaves正确答案:D解析:那个公园以秋叶闻名。

A 天气，气候B收获C节日D叶子fruitful5.The scientific work in the past ten years turns outA.blindpleteC.productiveD.careful解析:十年来的科学工作结果硕果累累。

A 盲的B 完整的C 有收获的D 仔细的dog than the wolf6.Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the domesticatedA.ordinaryB.tameC.faithfulD.hunting正确答案:B解析:所有的野狗都没有狼与家狗的关系密切。

2014年职称英语考试试题理工类c级真题及答案（word版）第1部分词汇选项1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A fineB winterC outdoorD extra2.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A excitementB angerC calmD disappointment3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A conferenceB partyC celebrationD union4.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A returnB realizeC increaseD double5.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A asking forB keeping out ofC getting intoD suffering from6.His knowledge of French is fair.A very usefulB very limitedC quite goodD rather special7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A damageB voiceC doubtD argument8.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A seriousB mainC deepD particularck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A receivesB deservesC acceptsD prevents10.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A commentsB signsC mannersD noises11.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systm.A proveB discoverC considerD imagine12.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A hopeB jumpC silenceD life13.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A partsB aspectsC painsD results14.I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A entertainB treatC holdD keep15.Several windows had been smashed.A cleanedB brokenC replacedD fixed答案：DDACA CDBDA BBCAB第二部分阅读判断So Many "Earths"The Milky Way(银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate(推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough，the authors admit. If applied to the solar system，it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：CABABAC第3部分概括大意与完成句子Pathways to Research：Problem-solving1 Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue，which famouslyclimabs at a nearly 40-degree angle.As a result，some residents avoid biking altogether.2 But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll，23，and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO. A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hours without pedaling，it zips battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedating ，it zips up the city's most daunting(令人却步的)hills.Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.3 If it sounds like Toll has a knack(窍门) for fixing problems，that's because he does. In high school，he designed a new type of construction beam. It weights no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy(坚固的)homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.For his work，Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(Isef)—twice，in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science&the Public(that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids).Toll says that when it comes to science，he keeps it simple：“You see a problem and say，“How couldI solve that?”4 He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities.When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit theircommunity，“a passion is ignited(点燃)，”says Wendy Hawkins，executive director of the Inter Foundation，which sponsors Intel ISEF."Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success."she says.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A Intel International Science and Engineering FairB The enthusiasm for solving problemsC The young researchers' passionD An invention increasing pedal powerE Why people avoid biking in PittsburghF The cause of national disaster27 A Pulse PEVO is powered with28 Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to29 A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like30 Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that mayA a nearly 40-degreeangleB get on bikesC a feather pillowD fix more problemsE a super-strong batteryF benefit their community答案：EDBC EBCF第4部分，阅读理解Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talkbecause of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that ________.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.A. test students’IQs.B. train students who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.答案：ABADBMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays，music has an added function：it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit，even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies，sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature，there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics，the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins，whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move，the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs，infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result，people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However，whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low，it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels，it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea，it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons canproduce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present，scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.36 What could be the best title of the passage?A The power of musicB The harms of noisesC The magic of soundD The discovery of infrasonic waves37 What does the author say about music?A It may be harmful to people's halthB It always cheers people upC It is very often difficult to understandD It sounds better when it is lound enough38 It is true that the soundA of nature is the most beautifulB over 80 decibels is harmful to peopleC of high intensity benefits animalsD in movies is pleasing to the ear39 An ultrasonic soundA is very loudB does harm to people's healthC cannot be heard by peopleD is produced by the hero in movies40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic wavesA are harmless to people's healthB exist in people's internal organsC can be used as deadly weaponsD can improve eyesight答案：CABCCCompact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he isright in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers —a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc —Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982 These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games onCD-ROMs.41 Music is recorded onto CDs asA laser beamsB digital codesC musical notesD special sounds42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to showA the variety of digital communicationsB the development of new technologiesC the usefulness of digital codesD the relationship between communication and technology43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs isA CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC CD-RWs hold more informationD CD-RWs are merely used for music recording44 CDs can last a long time ifA they are seldom usedB they play well and sound fineC their users take good care of themD they are developed with new technology45 It can be inferred from the passage thatA CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB new technology for music recording is being developedC the author likes listening to musicD flppy disks are no longer in use答案：BCBCC第5部分，补全短文Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically，mentally，emotionally，and spiritually. In fact，every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive，healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives?(46)Psychologist and author，Steve Wlison，has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think，“either you've got it，or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.(47) The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth(48)(After all ，when a baby laughs，we don't rush over and say，“That kid has a great sense of humor!”)A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.(49)Then we will make others laugh，too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.(50)As Dr.Wilson says，“a good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions(抑制)and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?C However，that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true，however，it that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose，but if you have a sense of humor，you will probably find the sign funny!答案：BDCAF第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events —flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from acrossthe United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts —they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51 A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher52 A If B Although C When D Because53 A giving B showing C developing D observing54 A special B professional C skillful D ordinary55 A on B at C to D with56 A small B limited C smple D large57 A Very B Much C AsD Many58 A All B Any C Some D Most59 A send B print C answer D keep60 A known B featured C belonged D called61 A alike B like C unlike D likely62 A points B wonders C data D interests63 A common B suitable C open D strange64 A want B forget C mind D have65 A who B how C before D since ADDDC BDAAD ACCDB。

2014年职称英语《理工A》真题参考第1部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.A. modestB. commercialC. hugeD. national2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A. amazingB. depressingC. predictableD. dull3.A person’s wealthis often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A. equalB. certainrgeD. opposite4. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. lastedD. moved5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A. easedB. improvedC.relievedD. appeared6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. supportC.regulateD. oppose7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.A. actB. homeworkC. justiceD. model8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A. motionlessB. silentC. seatedD. true9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject.A. pointB. resultC.findingD. tendency10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC.summarizeD. furnish12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A. seriousB. beautifulC. impressiveD. ridiculous13. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. put offB. arrived atC. abided byD. protested against14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .A. inventedB. reproducedC. designedD. reported15. The country was torn apart by strife.A. conflictB. povertyC. warD. economy第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2014理工A阅读理解、完型填空、新增文章复习资料目录阅读理解+第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses+第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work （2013理工B真题）+第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning+第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning+第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan（2012真题）+第三十九篇Clone Farm+第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（2012新增文章）+ 第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming+ 第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources+ 第四十三篇Forecasting Methods（2013理工A真题）+ 第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+ 第四十五篇Small But Wise （2012年真题）+ 第四十六篇Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"（2012新增文章）+ 第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong+ 第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright （2013教材新增）+ 第四十九篇U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+ 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities完型填空：+第十五篇（2012新增）"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage+第十二篇（2012新增）Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第十篇（2012新增）Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters2014年教材新增文章第二部分阅读判断*第八篇What Is a Dream?*第十篇The Biology of Music+第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity+第十四篇Stage Fright第四部分阅读理解*第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach第五部分补全短文第四篇The Bilingual Brain*第十篇How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear+第十五篇 A Memory Drug?理工A复习说明：2014 阅读理解带加号，重点要求17篇，第34-50篇，较2013年增加了7篇文章（这7篇原来是2013理工B的文章）这里注意下，第35篇Putting Plants to Work（非2013新增文章）是2013年理工B的真题，2014年应该不会考到。

一．阅读理解主旨题解题技巧1.主旨题命题规律主旨题，顾名思义就是考查同学们是否能够把握一篇文章的主题和中心思想，是否能够从总体和宏观的角度上把握文章的主旨大意。

这种题型一般数量不会很多，每篇文章中至多出现一道题目。

一般的主旨题都要求同学们推断全文的大意，或者采取一种迂回的方式，即问从第一段或者最后一段中可以推测出什么。

此外，还有一种形式，就是要求同学们从答案选项中选出最适合该篇文章的一个标题，因为一般文章标题的功能就在于用比较简洁明了的词组来精确地概括文章的大意。

2.主旨题选项的特点正确选项中通常包含了文章最重要的一些概念和词汇，这些词汇可能在文章中多次出现，或者是文章关键词的同义词或者近义词。

正确答案的表述不会非常绝对，而都是一些相对的描述，经常用到以下一些词汇，如：may, probably, possible, can, could, some, sometimes, usually, often等。

干扰选项中的表述与原文的意思相反或者相矛盾。

干扰选项中的表述犯了以偏概全的毛病，只概述了文章的某一个部分或者段落，而不是对全文意思的总体概括。

干扰选项的表述中出现一些较为绝对的词汇，如：always, never, none, nobody, no, everyone, all 等。

3.主旨题解题方法找文章的主题句，即中心思想句。

要抓住一篇议论文或者说明文的中心思想，首先要快速扫描文章的标题及第一段，找出关键词和主题句。

选项中的正确答案往往都是对这个主题句进行改写，因此只要找出与主题句意思相符或者最接近的即可。

如果文章的第一段没有非常清晰的主题句，那么就要快速阅读文章的第一段、最后一段以及各个段落的第一句话。

根据英文说明文和议论文的文章结构特点，大部分文章以及大部分段落都采用“总-分-总”的结构，因此只要把所有上述内容加起来就可以得出文章的中心思想。

综上所述，我们在解题过程中需要特别注意的地方是：文章的标题。

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the 3amount ofunhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack4risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8possobility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or lessthesame 9degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outletsas they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 penceper 12customer ---not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s WatersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to 1 attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a 2 valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their 3 existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from 4 EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas 5 because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, 6 where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person 7 for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the 8 times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and 9 chemicals produced by animals. These powerful 10 senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any 11 other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune 12 systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks 13 recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s 14 oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too 15 great . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 collapse.But most earthquakes are much 6 shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.==Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common?1．According to the first paragraph，people try to C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．2．What is Belcher's team doing at present?C. It is making batteries with viruses．3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？D. Expand：4.Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？D It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5.How tiny is one battery part?A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．．Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers．1．What does “Such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to? D Landslides．2．Which of the following statements is true of landslides? D All of the above．3．Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms．4．Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device，according 1o Paragraph4?A It is filled in with gravel．5．According to the context，what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences．"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that peopleA who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion m ade by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day? A 3 drinks.4Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in thepassage?B Oral cancer.5According to the last paragraph, tissue‟s lower exposure to alcohol D reduces therisk of laryngeal cancer.Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,：1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2.What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5.David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles1. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least1.What are the energy resources that are notrenewable according to the article? D A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges DamB is of the same size of the US’s Hoover Dam.3.Which is the country with the first commercialpower station that makes use of ocean currentsproduced by tides? B Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true ofwind power? D All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as windB are renewable so sustainable.Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influenceon a given ecosystem?Researchers Discover Why Humans BeganWalking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of findingB what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 But according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me 3 personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally,the researchers had participants 10 complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12 their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience s tress, often associated with our 15 connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one.1 The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb D both A and C.2 According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities? B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass3 What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.4 What is said about cell phone use in themid-1980s in paragraph 5?A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.5 Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question(What caused the “life-saving effect”to occur in the early 1990s？)?B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA1scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. 1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?C）Water in a soil sample.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?C）The samples got stuck inside the scoop.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A）Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?C）They are from both America and Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A）It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.。

第1分词汇答案1、cosmic——huge2、monotonous——dull3、inverse——oppoite4、spanned——lasted5、manifestde——appeared6、advocate——support7、deed——act8、stationary——motionless9、inclination——tendency10、hollw——empty11、render——furnish12、absurd——ridiculous13、deferred——put off第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Experience the World in 3D GameEver wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.The online simulation, created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals –cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees –as a player steers them through Place Vend?me in Paris.Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans –cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的)," says Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality."The rat's view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is a blur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area," says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.16.The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Dassault’s 3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.The animals’views in the software are the same as those in reality .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.Schmidt-Morand’s favorite animal is cat .A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned。

2014年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。

+第三十四篇 Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common?1．According to the first paragraph，people try toC．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．2．What is Belcher's team doing at present?C．It is making batteries with viruses．3．What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5?D．Expand：4．Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？D．It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5．How tiny is one battery part?A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．+第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers．1． What does “Such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to?D. Landslides．2． Which of the following statements is true of landslides?D .All of the above．3． Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C .Because the common methods can cause false alarms．4． Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device，according 1o Paragraph4? A. It is filled in with gravel.5． According to the context，what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean? B. Evidences．+第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA .who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C .It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A .3 drinks.4. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B .Laryngeal cancer.5. According to the last paragraph, tissue?s lower exposure to alcoholD .reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.+第三十九篇 Clone FarmFactory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production.1. Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?C. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2. Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?A. The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology.3. In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there.” Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishesD. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4. Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?C. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5. The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT thatA. farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.+第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（2012新增文章）In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D. Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B. A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC. uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA. prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB. the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming1. What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.2. Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toB .cut CO2 emissions.3. What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?D .3,500 billion by a growing numher of scientists.4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?D .He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic's assertion that“… such a switch would be disastrous …”?B .Aswitch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs1. What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?D A and B. Petroleum and coal. Natural gas.2. China’s Three Gorges DamC is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.3. Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?B Norway.4. Which of the following statements is true of wind power?D All of the above.5. According to the article, resources such as windB are renewable so sustainable.+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems NeededJudith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as2 president of the American1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory of evolution is true?B Schoo l boards oppose AIBS’s effort to defend the theory of evolution.2. Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin’s theory?D Darwin’s theory is denied as the central theory of biology.3. AIBS is composed ofA more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.4. According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolutionA is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.5. Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays？D Because the term creationism is too direct.+第四十六篇 Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, antsA prey on small as well as large animals..3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?+第四十七篇 Listening to BirdsongA male zebra finch1 chirps away2to himself.1. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches?C）Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.2. What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches?A）Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.3. What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph?B）Songs sung by male finches for female finches.4. What is NOT true of directed communication?D）Male zebra finches sing to themselves.5. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?.B）Birdsongs as communication.+第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright（2013教材新增）Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? AA Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding BB what made our ancestors walk upright.3. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees. CC liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment? DD Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5. What can we infer from the reading passage? DD Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA1scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?C）Water in a soil sample.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?C）The samples got stuck inside the scoop.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A）Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?C）They are from both America and Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage? A）It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian FatalitiesCell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one.1. The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. LoebA show that talking on the phone while driving or walking in the street increases deaths of drivers and pedestrians.C recommend that strict measures be taken to restrain cell phone use. (两个都是正确答案)2. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass3. What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?B The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.4. What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.5. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question(What caused the “life-saving effect” to occur in the early 1990s？)?B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.+第十五篇（2012新增）"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil"liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 collapse .But most earthquakes are much 6 shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable." The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 events ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.+第十二篇（2012新增）Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 suggest in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of t rial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 risk.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7 unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8 possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 12 customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky beha viours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13 measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15 lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．*第十篇（2012新增）Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 But according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me 3 personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally,the researchers had participants 10 complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12 their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15 connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's WatersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to 1 attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a 2 valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their 3 existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from 4 EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas 5 because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, 6 where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person 7 for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the 8 times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and 9 chemicals produced by animals. These powerful 10 senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any 11 other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune 12 systems against disease. Researchers kno w that sharks 13 recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sha rks are important for the world’s 14 oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numb ers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too 15 greatThis protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans。

A级—理工类第一部分阅读理解Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole's gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a super massive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of ColumbiaUniversity in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process.练习：1. Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which ofthe following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably,D The black hole could devour the star.2. According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem ofA whether nuclear reaction would occur.B whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C whether shock waves would occur.D whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.3. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.4. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.5. According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph: 6 meansA "Confusion. "B "Tearing apart."C "Interruption. "D "Flattening. "Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCC's predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleldett and Colin Campbell of UppsalaUniversity say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Theiranalysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world's remaining reserves.Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel's work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.Even if oil and gas run out, "there's a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows'' for policy makers.练习：1. What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?A) The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earth's doomsday.B) The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenarios.C) Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction.D) Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.2. Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toA) pay attention to global meltdown. B) cut CO2 emissions.C) use more green energy. D) stop using fossil fuels.3. What are the estimates of the world's oil and gas reserves?A) 4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast. B) 8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes.C) 3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC. D) 3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?A) He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas.B) He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually.C) He thinks IPCC's view on the world's oil reserves is too optimistic.D) He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic's assertion that "... such a switchwould be disastrous ..."?A) The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2.B) A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.C) Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming.D) A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers' ones would be disastrous.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples."We have water," said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. "This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted."The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. "Mars is giving us some surprises," said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. "We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far."Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead."It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars," said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft. "The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see," said Mark Lemmon of TexasA & MUniversity, lead scientist for Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera. "They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale."练习：1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?A Vast lakes.B Flowing rivers.C Water in a soil sample.D Living things.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?A The sample vaporized away.B Fresh material was exposed to the air.C The samples got stuck inside the scoop.D The robotic arm hit a hard rock.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.B Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves.C Scientists have been trying to find out if there is life supporting material on Mars.D Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?A They are from America.B They are from Canada.C They are from both America and Canada.D They are from neither America nor Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.B It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos.C It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object.D It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures."Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete. work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.练习：1. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.D Both Band C.3. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?A Not yet.B Yes, they do.C They will know the answer in another one or two-years.D They will never know the answer.4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B They are interbreeding species.C They are two genetically distant species.D They depend on each other for survival.5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s.because scientistsA identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.C thought there was only one mosquito species.D did not know what species was being studied.Thirsty in Karachi（卫生A）After two weeks in Karachi, I’m not sure whether to laugh or to cry. Either way, it involves water—or rather the lack of it.In Western Europe or the US, you only have to turn on the tap and you’ll see a jet of cold water, ready to drink, cook and bathe in, or wash the car. Turn o n the tap in Karachi and you’ll be lucky to fill a few buckets. Until 1947 the city was part of British India, whose engineers built and maintained a modest water supply network for the city’s 500,000 inhabitants. Today, Karachi is home to around 12 million people. Half of them live in slum townships, with little or no water through the mains. Even the rich half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.Half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.According to the state-owned Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the city needs more than 2,500 million litres of water each day. The board currently supplies 1,650 million litres of which nearly 40 per cent is lost from leaks—and theft. Leaks are dime a dozen to water utilities the world over, but theft?Karachi’s unlikely water pirates turn o ut to be ordinary families struggling to get adequate supplies of one of life’s necessities. Stealing water takes many forms. The simplest is to buy a suction pump and get it attached to the water pipe that feeds your house from the mains. This should maximize your share of water every time the board switches on the supply. When the practice started 20 years ago, the pumps would be carefully hidden or disguised as garden ornaments. These days people hardly bother. The pumps are so widespread and water board inspectors so thin on the ground that when officials do confiscate a pump its owner simply buy a replacement.Insisting that people obey the law won’t work because most households have littlealternative but to steal. For its part, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board says it would dearly like to make life easier, but finds itself mired in debt because most residents either won’t pay water charges or can’t afford to the Urban Resource Centre, a Karachi-based think tank, of the 1.2 million known consumers of water only 750,000 are billed, of whom just 163,000 actually pay for their supplies. The board makes a perpetual loss, and there is no money to improve the system or even plug the leaks. Worse, the board increasingly relies on international loans from institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, which only makes its debt worse.The joke is that the owners of the suction pumps end up with little—if any—extra water. Your house is in a line with 20 other households all tapping into one horizontal pipeline. All you can end up doing, given you have pumps of equal strength, is redistribute each other’s entitlement and pay higher electricity bills into the bargain.Back home in London, I’ll remember not to complain about the water meter, or the hosepipe ban.练习：1．According to the passage, people in Karachi today suffer from a short supply of water becauseA. the water supply network built in 1947 has stopped to function.B. the city has become much larger than before.C. old networks can not meet the need of the city’s greatly-increased population.D. other city is longer a part of British India.2. Now people in Karachi do not hide or disguise the suction pumps they use to steal water becauseA. the pumps are no longer wanted as garden ornaments.B. water supply board officials no longer confiscate them.C. it does not cost much money to buy a new one.D. many households have them and there are very few inspectors around to try to find them.3. Confronted with a severe shortage of water supply, the city’s Water and Sewerage BoardA. tries to improve the water supply system with borrowed money.B. is not making any effort to improve the situation.C. urges the consumers to obey the law.D. charges the consumers more for the water they use.4.Which of the following is true of the owners of the suction pumps, if their neighbors have equally powerful pumps as they do?A. They get some extra water.B. They only pay more for electricity.C. They share what they can get with their neighbors.D. They replace their pumps with new ones.5. Which of the following is true about the author when he is back home in London?A. He misses the days he spent in Karachi.B. He forgets the complaints he made in Karachi.C. He is content with the water supply in London.D. he complains about the water supply in London.。

2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类A真题第1部分词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1．This was disaster on cosmic scale．A．modest B．commercial C．huge D．national2．New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity．A．amazing B．depressing C．predictable D．dull3．A person’s wealthis often in inverse proportion to their happiness．A．equal B．certain C．large D．opposite4．His professional career spanned 16 years．A．started B．changed C．lasted D．moved5．The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later．A．eased B．improved C．relieved D．appeared6．The group does not advocate the use of violence．A．limit B．support C．regulate D．oppose7．She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day．A．actB．homework C．justice D．model8．Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes．A．motionless B．silent C．seated D．true9．There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject．A．point B．result C．finding D．tendency10．His stomach felt hollow with fear．A．sincere B．respectful C．empty D．terrible11．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation．A．copy B．publish C．summarize D．furnish12．That uniform makes the guards look absurd．A．serious B．beautiful C．impressive D．ridiculous13．The department deferred the decision for six months．A．put off B．arrived at C．abided by D．protested against14．The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated ．A．invented B．reproduced C．designed D．reported15．The country was torn apart by strife．A．conflict B．poverty C．war D．economy第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

BatteriesBuiltbyViruses病毒电池1水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢？这些都是由病毒引起的疾病，病毒是能够在人与人之间传染的微生物。

难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。

2然而，并不是每个人都躲避这些疾病携带者。

在马萨诸塞州剑桥市，科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的作用。

他们使病毒开始工作，使病毒构成世界上最小的充电电池.3病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师安吉拉•贝尔彻来说却并不陌生，安吉拉•贝尔彻最早产生了这一想法。

在位于剑桥市的麻省理工学院，她和合作者一起用新方式融合了不同的科学领域。

在由病毒构成的电池里，科学家融合了他们在生物、技术和生产工艺方面的知识。

4贝尔彻的团队包括帮助组装微型电池的宝拉•哈蒙德和以电池形式存储能量的专家蒋业明。

哈蒙德说，“我们现在从事的行业是传统中不会想到的。

5许多电池已经很小了。

A型、C型和D型电池都可以握在手里。

硬币形状的手表电池通常比分币还小。

然而，个人音乐播放器和手机等新型电子设备变得越来越小。

这些设备变小了，普通电池就无法安装进去了。

6理想的电池应当体积小、储能多。

目前，贝尔彻的电池模型是完全由病毒构成的金属圆盘，看起来就像普通手表电池。

但里面的部件却非常小一一小到用高倍望远镜才能看到。

7.这些电池部件到底有多小呢？从头上拔一根头发可以让你对这个尺寸有个形象的认识。

把它放到白纸上，看看头发的宽度一一是不是很细呢？尽管每个人的头发宽度不同，每个头发上可以并列排放大约10个病毒电池部件。

这些微电池可能会改变我们对病毒的看法。

1. C stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases2. C It is making batterises with viruses.3. D epand4. D it is a metallic disk with viruses inside it5. A tis width is one tenth of a hair.ListeningDeviceProvidesLandslideEarlyWarning听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警1英国研究者们正在测试一种仪器，它可以通过监测土壤振动提供早期山崩预告。

第二部分阅读判断+第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityI‟ve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I‟ve loved learnin g new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago，we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.An d after 30 years, I‟m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness —to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn‟t solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world‟s knowledge. They‟re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can rec ognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime‟s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn‟t know you could do that with a PC5! ”But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn‟t take much to make an immense difference in these children‟s lives10.I‟m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world‟s toughest problems is possible —and it‟s happening every day. We‟re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I‟m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash / ʌnˈli:ʃ/ vt．解开；放纵；使自由inspire / ɪnˈspaɪə(r) / vt．鼓舞optimist /'Dptɪmɪst/ n．乐观主义者incredible / ɪn'kredəbl/ adj．难以置信的clunky (clonky) /'klʌnkɪ/ adj．发出沉闷金属声的curiosity /ˈkjuərɪ'Dsɪtɪ/ n．好奇心inventiveness n.发明创造的能力teletype /'telɪtaɪp/ (teletype-writer) n.电传打字机poignant / ˈpɔɪnjənt / adj．令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic /'traed3ɪk/ adj．悲剧的，悲惨的vision /'vɪ3n/ n．想象；幻想；美景immense /I'mens/ adj．巨大的注释：1．be rooted in：扎根于；深深地存在于2．It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案2014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension （30%）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. With the new Translation Manager, users can choose the method that best _______ them.A. suitsB. satisfiesC. identifiesD. favors2. The _______ in market conditions may result in a decline in consumer spending.A. shiftB. adjustC. alterD. change3. It is important for companies to _______ the needs of their customers in order to stay competitive.A. meetB. fulfillC. compromiseD. realize4. Technology has _______ a number of changes in the way we conduct business.A. designedB. triggeredC. causedD. resulted5. The company has _______ a new policy aimed at improving employee satisfaction.A. initiatedB. enactedC. regulatedD. maintainedPart II Vocabulary and Structure （30%）6. I never watch TV at weekends, _______ I often find many interesting programs.A. whichB. unlessC. thoughD. for7. The new smart phone is much lighter and _______ its predecessor.A. as thin asB. as thinner thanC. as thin thanD. thinner than8. The candidate was honest about his lack of experience, _______ impressed the interview panel.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it9. The workshop is _______ attractiveness to young professionals looking for career advancement.A. ofB. towardsC. withD. for10. The company is known for its commitment _______ environmental protection.A. toB. onC. atD. inPart III Cloze Test （15%）Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.As a business expands, it often _______ itself faced with the dilemma of whether to hire more staff or invest in technology. One of the main _______ that can help a company decide this issue is the cost _______ involved. Hiring new employees can be _______ initially, especially if the company has to offer competitive salaries and benefits to attract top talent. On the other hand, technology can require significant _______ upfront, but may be more _______ in the long run as it can increase efficiency and productivity. Additionally, technology can often perform tasks that would require a human employee to work in less time and with fewer errors.Part IV Reading in Depth （15%）Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think bestcompletes the passage or answers the question. Then mark your choice on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Computers have become an essential tool for most businesses in today’s digital age. They can perform complex calculations, store vast amounts of data, and connect to the internet for information retrieval. Given their importance, it is no wonder that companies invest heavily in the latest technology to stay competitive.11. What can computers do for businesses in today's digital age?A. Perform complex calculations.B. Store vast amounts of data.C. Connect to the internet for information retrieval.D. All of the above.12. Why do companies invest heavily in the latest technology?A. To perform complex calculations.B. To store vast amounts of data.C. To connect to the internet for information retrieval.D. To stay competitive.Passage 2The rise of e-commerce has revolutionized the way people shop. With just a few clicks, consumers can browse through a wide selection of products, compare prices, and place orders from the comfort of their own homes. This convenience has led to the rapid growth of online retailers and poses a challenge to traditional brick-and-mortar stores.13. How has e-commerce revolutionized the way people shop?A. By allowing consumers to browse through a wide selection of products.B. By allowing consumers to compare prices.C. By allowing consumers to place orders from the comfort of their own homes.D. All of the above.14. What challenge does e-commerce pose to traditional brick-and-mortar stores?A. Competition from online retailers.B. Decreased foot traffic in physical stores.C. Increased overhead costs.D. Lack of customer service.Part V Writing （10%）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On the Importance of Lifelong Learning. You should write at least 150 words, and base your essay on the outline given below:1.学习的重要性2. 终身学习的意义3. 怎样持续学习答案：Part I Reading Comprehension1. A2. D3. A4. B5. APart II Vocabulary and Structure6. C7. D8. B9. A 10. APart III Cloze Testexpands, factors, implications, costly, investment, economicalPart IV Reading in Depth11. D 12. D 13. D 14. APart V WritingOn the Importance of Lifelong LearningLearning is a never-ending process that plays a crucial role in personal and professional development. Lifelong learning is essential in today’s rapidly changing world as it allows individuals to adapt to new challenges, acquire new skills, and stay relevant in their chosen fields. In order to continue learning throughout their lives, individuals can take advantage of various opportunities such as online courses, workshops, seminars, and self-study. By embracing lifelong learning, individuals can expand their knowledge, enhance their capabilities, and achieve their full potential.。

●●致职称英语孙老师课堂全体考生●●致职称英语孙老师课堂全体考生：惊悉：今年职称考试连完型仅剩的可怜的十五分也不留给大家了。

对大龄无基础的职称考试学员来说如晴天霹雳，悲催到了极致，我无语了。

我们仍抱希望静等成绩公布。

我们每天的生活不就是这样过的吗？没有希望我们的生活还剩下什么！我们的希望在于：1．根据有职称英语考试以来的经验，每当出题过难国家都会将及格线下放到五十分，尽管我不敢再相信经验，正像我在最后一课讲到的，通过职称的三因素之一是出题人的人品。

通过职称的三个要素1. 选择一个好的适合自己的方法2. 认真练习与总结3. 运气一、押题---阅读与完型,●●二、出题人的人品2.如果我们能在阅读中拿到36分的话职称英语考试六大题型解题顺序1. 第2部分阅读判断(共7分) 分数 4 22. 第4部分阅读理解(共45分) 分数33-3 6 273. 第6部分完型填空(共15分) 分数 4 64. 第1部分词汇选项(共15分) 分数1 2 105. 第3部分概括大意(共8分) 分数 4---6 26. 第5部分补全短文(共10分) 分数 4—6 2共64--702014年职称英语命题者对作弊出重拳整治——教材文章乱换题型，考生手忙脚乱2014年职称英语考试如期进行，全国职称英语考试带着可能会在书上出一篇阅读理解和一篇完形填空的美好期许走进考场。

当九点钟考卷发下来的时候，大部分考试开始冒虚汗，怎么也找不着书上的阅读理解和完形填空：2014年职称英语教材书上基本没考啥阅读理解和完形文章?!职称英语考试命题人坚持了13年的命题理念一夜之间轰然坍塌，从此职称英语命题就走入了“整人”新时代。

在此，职称英语变天命题其实也不完全是空穴来风，在今年的职称英语国家教材中就有一句话让我们这些培训教师敏感地嗅到了变天命题的气味。

当我们把这种概念传达给学生时，没人相信，以致于我们也怀疑自己说的是否正确了。

教材前言有一句话说：“报考A级的学员应该看A级、B级和C级的文章;报考B级的学员应该看B级和C级的文章”这样一句话，让我们都以为这次考试只是增加了A级和B级的复习范围，谁知道这回命题动真格了。

文章名称 问题 答案World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 2. World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade EarlierThan Some Predict （理C ）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word"sparked" appearing in paragraph 2? 2） The term "a bell shaped curve " appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will3） Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model? 4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2. World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict （理C ） 1）stimulated 2）start to decline after global oil production peaks. 3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production. 4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.. 5）Kuwaiti scientists.章名称 问题 答案Late-night Drinking 5. Late-night Drinking （理C ） 1) The author mentions “pick -me-up” to indicate that 2) Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? 3) What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? 4) What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? 5. Late-night Drinking （理C ）1) coffee is a stimulant.2) Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormo ne. 3) Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf onsleep.4) Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5) we should not drink coffee after supper.文章名称 问题 答案第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles 1. Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles （理C ） 1) What have the Ford motor company, General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars? 2) According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars 3) Which auto manufactures are still producing electric vehicles? 4) According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars 5) Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?1. Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles （理C ） 1) They have given up producing electric cars. 2) Will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. 3) Toyota and Nissan. 4) run more miles than petrol driven cars. 5) The legislation will allow more low-emission to produced. 文章名称 问题 答案Motoring Technolog y 4. Motoring Technology （理C ） 1) What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? 2) According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen 3) Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? 4) What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? 5) What is true of robotic drivers? 4. Motoring Technology （理C ）1) They focus their research on safety and new fuels.2) because drivers make mistakes.3) Windscreens that can help drivers to improve theirvision.4) To call for help when the car gets jammed in thetraffic.5) It will take some time before robotic drivers can beput to practical use.文章名称 问题 答案Citizen Scientists 3. Citizen Scientists （理C ）1) Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help becausethey need them2) What are citizen scientists asked to do?3) In "All that's needed to become one ... (paragraph2)",what does the word "one" stands for?4) What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?5) What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?3. Citizen Scientists （理C ）①to collect data of the life cycle of living things. ②To send their research observations to a professional database. ③a citizen scientist. ④Only experts can participate in it. ⑤To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.5)The author of this passage probably agrees that. 文章名称 问题Sugar Power for Cell Phones 7．Sugar Power for Cell Phones （理C ） 1) According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones? 2) What trouble did Minteer and Klotz Bach have in their research? 3) According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released 4) What is exciting about the new fuel cells? 5) According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells? 7． Sugar Power for Cell Phones （理C ）1、When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitablefor mass production.2、 They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.3、 When the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4、 Their limited power generation capacity is a goodbeginning.5、It will take some time before the new fuel cells can beused in popular products.文章名称 问题 答案Eiffel Is an Eyeful 8. Eiffel Is an Eyeful （理C ） 1) Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol of a world of the move? 2) What seems strange to the author? 3) Which statements is NOT true of Hugues Richard? 4) What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for? 5) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “(The Eiffel Tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will”? 8. Eiffel Is an Eyeful （理C ）1)Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the coldiron of the tower.2)Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3)He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4seconds.4)Conducting research in various fields.5)Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.文章名称 问题 答案Egypt Felled by Famine 9.Egypt Felled by Famine （理C ） 1)Why does the author mention “pyramid builders”? 2)Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt? 3. Which of the following statements is true? 4.Accordi ng to Krom, Egypt’s Old Kingdom fell 5.T he word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by 9.Egypt Felled by Famine （理C ）1)Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.2)Change of climate.3)The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4)immediately after a period of drought.5)“damaging”.文章名称问题 答案 YoungFemaleChimpsOutlearnTheirBrothers10. Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers （理C ） 1) Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termites? 2) What are the tools with which chimps fish for termites. 3) Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6? 4) How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playing? 5) According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true? 10. Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers （理C ） 1) Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier. 2) Vegetation. 3) Females could get out more termites with every dip. 4) It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future. 5) Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.文章名称 问题 答案Making Light of Sleep 6.Making Light of Sleep1) The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because 2) What is implied in the second paragraph? 3) In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that 4) Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs? 5) According to the last two paragraphs ， what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? Making Light of Sleep 1) it has a cycle of 24 hours.2) Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at nightthan adolescents. 3) staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn. 4) Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. 5) The human eye had one light-sensing system.文章名称 问题 答案When our Eyes Serve our Stomach 11. When our Eyes Serve our Stomach （理C ） 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? 2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?. 3. What does the writer want to tell us? 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? 5. What can we infer from the passage?11. When our Eyes Serve our Stomach （理C ）1.Hungrypeople are more sensitive to food-related words thanstomach-full people.2.Because Radel wanted to create two groups oftestees,hungry and non-hungry.3. Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motivesand needs.4.80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant tointentionally perceive.5.Humans can perceive what they need without involvinghigh-level thinking processes. 文章名称 问题 答案Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass 12. Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass （理C ） 1) Which of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs? 2) According to the second paragraph, in which area (s) did the temperature fall below zero? 3) King’s statement that “We brought shorts, T -shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat,” shows that 4) Governor Jeb issue the emergency order because he 5) Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph?12. Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass （理C ） 1) The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark. 2) Parts of interior South Florida. 3) He was caught by the sudden cold. 4) Wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible. 5) Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers. 文章名称 问题 答案Invisibili ty Ring 13．Invisibility Ring （理C ） 1) Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists 2) What is true of microwaves? 3) What is NOT true of the invisibility device? 4) What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage? 5) Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, because 13．Invisibility Ring （理C ） 1) Try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses. 2) Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. 3) Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it. 4) A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. 5) The cloaking device works only for microwaves.文章名称 问题 答案Winged Robot Learns to Fly 15. Winged Robot Learns to Fly （理C ） 1) Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph? 2) How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test? 3) Which of the following is nearest to Peter Bentley ’s view on the winged robot? 4) What measured how much lift the robot produced? 5) What does “the process ” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?15. Winged Robot Learns to Fly （理C ） 1) The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings. 2) It twitched but gradually gained height. 3) The winged robot could never really fly. 4) A movement detector. 5) All the above. 文章名称 问题 答案Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers 14．Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers（理C ） 1) Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept car? 2) What has V olvo devel6pedq 3) What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4? 4) According to Doi, 5) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?14．Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers（理C ）1) It has sensors locked up in the ignition system. 2) A breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt.3) It monitors the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest. 4) Nissan aims to improve the detection technology toreduce the fatality rate.5) The ear will automatically keep to its lane.。

2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解（3）The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty—seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water‘turns over’regularly.That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly.However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over.No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，France，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air.Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now， when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain.With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However, the scientists are not sure that one pipewill be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place.the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?A Water will flow down the hillsB Poisonous gases will be released suddenly.C A strong wind will rise from the lakesD The volcanoes will come to life.42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A They were formed in 1984.B They are at the top of two active volcanoes.C They are not like most other crater lakes.D Water in them turns over regularly.43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode becauseA the gases rise to the top and mix with air.B people from the villages turn over the water.C scientists have put in a computer system.D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes44 A team of scientists hasA erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeB identified the gases at the bottom of the lakeC built a beautiful fountain near the lakesD removed all dangerous gases from the lakes45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes.B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosionsC Explosion disasters could be avoided in the futureD Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.参考答案：41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。