CHAPTER 1 – Financial Economics
End-of-Chapter Problems
Defining Finance
1. What are your main goals in life? How does finance play a part in achieving those goals? What are the major tradeoffs you face?
SAMPLE ANSWER:
Finish school
Get good paying job which I like Get married and have children Own my own home
Provide for family
Pay for children’s education Retire
How Finance Plays a Role:
SAMPLE ANSWER:
Finance helps me pay for undergraduate and graduate education and helps me decide whether spending the money on graduate education will be a good investment decision or not.
Higher education should enhance my earning power and ability to obtain a job I like.
Once I am married and have children I will have additional financial responsibilities (dependents) and I
will have to learn how to allocate resources among individuals in the household and learn how to set aside enough money to pay for emergencies, education, vacations etc. Finance also helps me understand how to manage risks such as for disability, life and health.
Finance helps me determine whether the home I want to buy is a good value or not. The study of finance also helps me determine the cheapest source of financing for the purchase of that home.
Finan ce helps me determine how much money I will have to save in order to pay for my children’s
education as well as my own retirement.
Major Tradeoffs:
SAMPLE ANSWER
Spend money now by going to college (and possibly graduate school) but presumably make more money once I graduate due to my higher education.
Consume now and have less money saved for future expenditures such as for a house and/or car or save
more money now but consume less than some of my friends
Financial Decisions of Households
2. What is your net worth? What have you included among your assets and your liabilities? Would you list the value of your potential lifetime earning power as an asset or liability? How does it compare in value to other assets you have listed?
SAMPLE ANSWER:
$ ____________ (very possibly negative at this point) Assets:
Checking account balance Savings account balance Furniture/Jewelry (watch) Car (possibly)
Liabilities:
Student loans
Credit card balance
If renting, remainder of rental agreement (unless subletting is a possibility) Car payments (possibly)
Students typically don’t think about the high value of their potential lifetime earning power when calculating their net worth but for young people it is often their most valuable asset.
3. How are the financial decisions faced by a single person living alone different from those faced by the head of a household with responsibility for several children of school age? Are the tradeoffs they have to make different, or will they evaluate the tradeoffs differently?
A single person needs only to support himself and therefore can make every financial decision on his own. If he does not want health insurance (and is willing to bear the financial risks associated with that decision) then no one will be affected by that decision other than that single person. In addition, this person needs to make no decisions about allocating income among dependents. A single person is very mobile and can choose to live almost anywhere. The tradeoffs this individual makes generally concern issues of consuming (or spending) today versus saving for consumption tomorrow. Since this person is supporting only himself, the need to save now is less important than for the head of household discussed next.
The head of household with several children must share resources (income) among dependents. This individual must be prepared to deal with risk management issues such as how to be prepared for potential financial emergencies (such as a serious health problem experienced by a member of the family or home owners insurance in case of a fire or other mishap). Because there are more people in this household than with a single person, there are greater risks that someone will get sick or injured. And because there are dependents, the wage earner(s) should think carefully about life and disability insurance. In addition, the family is not as mobile as the single individual. Because of the school age children, the family might want to live near “good schools” thinking that a stronger education will eventually help those children’s future well being and financial situation. Thus, the tradeoffs for the head of household are more complex: more money is needed to consume today (he or she needs to support more dependents), but a lot more money is also needed to save for future expenses such as education and housing and more money is needed for risk management such as life and disability insurance.
4. Family A and family B both consist of a father, mother and two children of school age. In family A both spouses have jobs outside the home and earn a combined income of $100,000 per year. In family B, only one spouse works outside the home and earns $100,000 per year. How do the financial circumstances and decisions faced by the two families differ?
With two wage earners, there is less risk of a total loss of family income due to unemployment or disability than there is in a single wage earning household. The single wage earning family will probably want more disability and life insurance than the two wage earning family. On the flip side, however, the two wage earning family may need to spend extra money on child care expenses if they need to pay someone to watch the children after school.
5. Suppose we define financial independence as the ability to engage in the four basic household financial decisions without resort to the use of relative’s resources when making financing decisions . At what age should children be expected to become financially independent?
Students will have differing responses to this question depending upon their specific experiences and opinions. Most will probably say independence should come after finishing their education, and they have a significant flow of income.
6. You are thinking of buying a car. Analyze the decision by addressing the following issues:
a. Are there are other ways to satisfy your transportation requirements besides buying a car? Make a list of
all the alternatives and write down the pros and cons.
Transportation Mode
Walking Pros Cons Takes a long time Destination may be too far
Takes you directly where you want to go
No out of pocket costs
Convenient Bicycle Bus Takes you directly to where you want to go
Requires physical strength and endurance No out of pocket marginal costs
Convenient Destination may be too far Inexpensive
May not take you directly where you want to go Reaches more distant destinations
Inconvenient schedules to go Many stops, not efficient Subway Inexpensive
Fast
May not take you directly where you want to go Local destinations only on limited network Train Reaches distant destinations
Moderately expensive May not take you directly where you want to go Airplane Reaches distant destinations
Fast Most expensive Will not take you directly where you want to go
b. What are the different ways you can finance the purchase of a car?
Finance through a bank loan or lease, finance through a car dealer with a loan or a lease or finance the car out of your own savings.
c. Obtain information from at least three different providers of automobile financing on the terms they offer.
d. What criteria should you use in making your decision?
Your decision will be to select the financing alternative that has the lowest cost to you.
When analyzing the information, you should consider the following:
Do you have the cash saved to make an outright purchase? What interest rate would you be giving up to make that purchase? Do you pay a different price for the car if you pay cash rather than finance?
For differing loan plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? What is the relevant interest rate you will be paying? Does the whole loan get paid through monthly payments or is there a balloon payment at the end? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments?
For differing lease plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? Do you own the car at the end of the lease? If not, what does it cost to buy the car? Do you have to buy the car at the end of the lease or is it an option? Is there a charge if you decide not to buy the car? What relevant interest rate will you be paying? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? Are there mileage restrictions?
7. Match each of the following examples with one of the four categories of basic types of household financial decisions.
At the Safeway paying with your debit card rather than taking the time to write a check Deciding to take the proceeds from your winning lottery ticket and use it to pay for an extended
vacation on the Italian Riviera
Following Hillary’s advic e and selling your Microsoft shares to invest in pork belly futures
Helping your 15-year old son learn to drive by letting putting him behind the wheel on the back road into town
Taking up the offer from the pool supply company to pay off your new hot tub with a 15-month loan with zero payments for the first three months
The first is the most difficult since in practice it is simply a cash transaction involving no financing. As such the purchase is a consumption decision only and the payment choice is not a financing decision. The second is also a consumption/saving decision. The third is an exchange of one financial asset for another and therefore an investment decision. The fourth is a risk-management decision since you have subjected yourself to increased risk that is not covered by insurance. The final example is a financing decision involving a loan to finance a purchase.
Forms of Business Organization
8. You are thinking of starting your own business, but have no money.
a. Think of a business that you could start without having to borrow any money.
Any business that involves a student’s own personal service would be cheap to start up. For instance he or she could start a business running errands for others, walking their dogs, shopping etc. Along those same lines they could start some kind of consulting business. Both of these businesses could be run out of their dorm room or their own home and could be started with very little capital. If they wanted to hire additional workers, they would have to be paid on a commission basis to limit upfront expenses.
b. Now think of a business that you would want to start if you could borrow any amount of money at the going market interest rate.
Certainly there are many interesting businesses that could be started if one could finance 100% of the business with borrowed capital and no equity. Since you will be able to borrow 100% of the financing, you will be willing to take a lot greater risk than if you were investing your own money.
c. What are the risks you would face in this business?
[Answer is, of course, dependent on answer to question “b.”]
d. Where can you get financing for your new business?
Depending upon the size of the financing needed, students should be looking for both debt and equity financing. The sources of this financing ranges from individuals and credit cards (for very small sums) to banks, venture capitalists, public debt and equity markets, insurance companies and pension funds
9. Choose an organization that is not a firm, such as a club or church group and list the most important financial decisions it has to make. What are the key tradeoffs the organization faces? What role do preferences play in choosing among alternatives? Interview the financial manager of the organization and check to see if he or she agrees with you.
SAMPLE ANSWER:
Local Church group. Most important financial decisions:
Whether or not to repair damage done to church and grounds during last big hurricane (specifically repairing the leaking roof)
What project to put off in order to pay for repair damage
How to pay for renovations to downstairs Sunday school rooms
How to increase member attendance and contributions
How to organize and solicit volunteers for the annual Church Sale (largest fund raiser of the year)
Key Tradeoffs and Preferences:
Church group funds are severely limited, so the organization needs to prioritize expenses based upon cost and need. Not all projects that are needed will be undertaken due to the expense involved. An equally large amount of time
will be spent trying to raise financing since funds inflow is variable. Since not all projects can be financed, preferences of different important individuals (such as the pastor) take on great significance in the decision-making process.
Market Discipline: Takeovers
10. Challenge Question: While there are clear advantages to the separation of management from ownership of business enterprises, there is also a fundamental disadvantage in that it may be costly to align the goals of management with those of the owners. Suggest at least two methods, other than the takeover market, by which the conflict can be reduced, albeit at some cost.
One way is to provide incentives for the managers so that they increase their pay when owners interests are improved. An example would be compensating managers with stock options, the value of which increase with the market value of shareholder’s interests. A second method is to more closely monitor the behavior of the managers. Outside management consultants and auditors serve this role in part particularly to the extent that they report their findings to representatives from ownership groups. Both of these solutions assume the management cannot effectively deceive markets or consultant/auditors through misleading information or actions to inflate the market value of the ownership shares or there performance records.
11. Challenge Question: Consider a poorly run local coffee shop with its prime location featuring a steady stream of potential clients passing by on their way to and from campus. How does the longtime disgruntled, sloppy and inefficient owner-manager of Cup-a-Joe survive and avoid disciplining from the takeover market?
This is not a question about a misalignment of the goals of the owner(s) and manager(s) of a firm since we have explicitly said the firm is owner-managed. If in fact the coffee shop is mismanaged the potential exists for an outsider to purchase a controlling interest in the operation and put more efficient management into place if the purchase price does not exceed the value of profits to be generated by the efficiently managed firm. If the present owner chooses not to sell he must value the firm for more than the value of the profits generated by an efficiently managed firm. Therefore his position in the firm must generate for him non-pecuniary benefits, or benefits unrelated to the firm’s profitability and he is therefore not a value maximizer. Perhaps he enjoys maki ng fun of his clients or takes pride in his eclectic tastes in interior decorating. In any case the takeover market does discipline him in the sense that he will be forced to pay for his non-pecuniary benefits in the sense that he trades off profits.
The same could be said of an owner-manager who lacks the required specialized skills to properly run the firm but never the less contin ues to operate the company inefficiently because he ‘likes’ the work!
The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation
12. Which of the following tasks undertaken within a corporate office are likely to fall under the supervision of the treasurer? The controller?
Arranging to extend a line of credit from a bank
Arranging with an investment bank for a foreign exchange transaction
Producing a detailed analysis of the cost structure of the company’s alternative product lines Taking cash payments for company sales and purchasing U.S. Treasury Bills
Filing quarterly statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission
The first two and the fourth items are responsibilities of the treasurer while the third and fifth items fall under the workloa d of the controller’s office.
Objectives
Define finance.
Explain why finance is worth studying.
Introduce two of the main players in the world of finance z households and firms z and the kinds of financial decisions they make. The other main players, financial intermediaries and government, are introduced in chapter 2.
Contents
Defining Finance
1.1
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Why Study Finance?
Financial Decisions of Households
Financial Decisions of Firms
Forms of Business Organization
Separation of Ownership and Management
The Goal of Management
Market Discipline: Takeovers
The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation
Summary
Finance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision maker or anybody else.
Aiibjsgkitehetiiofiifghjhkeiigsithjtiitheiiultgyjteifuhktgohiiofiitheiisysteyigsiitoiisjtgsfyipeople’sii consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the trade-offs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences.
There are at least five good reasons to study finance:
To manage your personal resources.
To deal with the world of business.
To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities.
To make informed public choices as a citizen.
To expand your mind.
The players in finance theory are households, business firms, financial intermediaries, and governments.
Households occupy a special place in the theory because the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy the preferences of people, and the theory treats those preferences as given. Finance theory explains household behavior as an attempt to satisfy those preferences. The behavior of firms is viewed from the perspective of how it affects the welfare of households.
Households face four basic types of financial decisions:
Saving decisions: How much of their current income should they save for the future?
Investment decisions: How should they invest the money they have saved?
Financing decisions: When and how should they use otheriipeople’siyoheyiitoiisjtgsfyiithegriiwjhtsijhv needs?
Risk-management decisions: How and on what terms should they seek to reduce the economic uncertainties they face or to take calculated risks?
There are three main areas of financial decision making in a business: capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management.
There are five reasons for separating the management from the ownership of a business enterprise:
Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.
To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.
In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms. Such efficient diversification is difficult to achieve without separation of ownership and management.
To achieve savings in the costs of gathering information.
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The corporate form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms
because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.
The primary goal of corporate management is to maximize shareholder wealth. It leads managers to make the same investment decisions that each of the individual owners would have made had they made the decisions themselves.
A competitive stock market imposes a strong discipline on managers to take actions to maximize the yjr{eti~jlueiofitheifgry’sishjresl
Chapter Six The Analysis of Investment Projects This chapter contains 41 multiple choice problems, 20 short problems and 8 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1.The objective of a firm's management is to only undertake the projects that ________ the market value of shareholders' equity. a)decrease b)do not decrease c)change d)do not change Answer: (b) 2.The decision rule that management uses with the net present value is to undertake only those projects with ________ NPV. a) a discounted b) a contingent c) a positive d)negative Answer: (c) 3.If a firm decides to invest in automated machines that will allow the firm to reduce labor costs, this is an example of a ________ capital expenditures project. a)new products b)replacement of existing assets c)cost reduction d)advertising Answer: (c) 4.The NPV of a project represents the amount by which it is expected to increase ________. a)the break-even point b)capital budgeting c)capital expenditures d)shareholder wealth Answer: (d)
习题答案 第一章国际收支 本章重要概念 国际收支：国际收支是指一国或地区居民与非居民在一定时期内全部经济交易的货币价值之和。它体现的是一国的对外经济交往，是货币的、流量的、事后的概念。 国际收支平衡表：国际收支平衡表是将国际收支根据复式记账原则和特定账户分类原则编制出来的会计报表。它可分为经常项目、资本和金融项目以及错误和遗漏项目三大类。 丁伯根原则：1962年，荷兰经济学家丁伯根在其所著的《经济政策：原理与设计》一书中提出：要实现若干个独立的政策目标，至少需要相互独立的若干个有效的政策工具。这一观点被称为“丁伯根原则”。 米德冲突：英国经济学家米德于1951年在其名著《国际收支》当中最早提出了固定汇率制度下内外均衡冲突问题。米德指出，如果我们假定失业与通货膨胀是两种独立的情况，那么，单一的支出调整政策（包括财政、货币政策）无法实现内部均衡和外部均衡的目标。 分派原则：这一原则由蒙代尔提出，它的含义是：每一目标应当指派给对这一目标有相对最大的影响力，因而在影响政策目标上有相对优势的工具。 自主性交易：亦称事前交易，是指交易当事人自主地为某项动机而进行的交易。 国际收支失衡：国际收支失衡是指自主性交易发生逆差或顺差，需要用补偿性交易来弥补。它有不同的分类，根据时间标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡；根据国际收支的内容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡；根据国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。 复习思考题 1．一国国际收支平衡表的经常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支是否可能盈余，为什么？ 答：可能，通常人们所讲的国际收支盈余或赤字就是指综合差额的盈余或赤字.这里综合差额的盈余或赤字不仅包括经常账户，还包括资本与金融账户，这里，资本与金融账户和经常账户之间具有融资关系。但是，随着国际金融一体化的发展，资本和金融账户与经常账户之间的这种融资关系正逐渐发生深刻变化。一方面，资本和金融账户为经常账户提供融资受到诸多因素的制约。另一方面，资本和金融账户已经不再是被动地由经常账户决定，并为经常账户提供融资服务了。而是有了自己独立的运动规律。因此，在这种情况下，一国国际收支平衡表的经常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支也可能是盈余。
Chapter Nine Valuation of Common Stocks This chapter contains 47 multiple choice questions, 17 short problems, and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1.In a quote listing of stocks, the ________ is defined as the annualized dollar dividend divided by the stock’s price, and is usually expressed as a percentage. (a)cash dividend (b)dividend payout (c)dividend coverage (d)dividend yield Answer: (d) 2.According to the discounted-dividend model, the price of a share of stock is the ________ value of all expected ________ dividends per share, discounted at the market capitalization rate. (a)present; current (b)present; future (c)future; future (d)future; current Answer: (b) 3.The value of common stock is determined by which of the following expected cash flows? (a)dividends and interest payments (b)dividends and maturity value of stock (c)dividends and net cash flows from operations of the firm (d)interest payments and maturity value Answer: (c)
Chapter Seven Principles of Market Valuation This chapter contains 30 multiple choice questions，10 short problems and 5 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1.In regard to an asset，the ________ is defined as the process well-informed investors must pay for it in a free and competitive market. (a)analyst value (b)technical value (c)competitive value (d)fundamental value Answer：(d) 2.In corporate finance decision making，an extremely important rule is to choose the investment that ________ current shareholders’ wealth. (a)minimizes (b)maximizes (c)provides zero change in (d)jeopardizes Answer：(b) 3.In asset valuation，the method used to accomplish the estimation depends on the ________. (a)number of participants (b)quality of calculating instruments
华侨大学金融市场学课件习题答案—科目老师：刘卫红（希望以后修这门的同学计算方面会轻松点儿） 来源： 金融市场习题答案 1、某公司发行面额为100万元的商业票据融资，发行折扣为5720元，期限为60天，则该票据投资者的实际收益率为多少？ 2、假设某投资者以994280元的价格购买了上例中面额为100万的商业票据，在持有30天后将其出售，此时市场利率为5%，则该商业票据的市场价格为多少？该投资者的实际收益为多少？ ?元 实际收益=995850.62-994280=1570.62元 3、某银行发行大额可转让存单，面值50万元，存单利率5%，期限270天，某投资者持有该存单4个月后出售，出售时市场利率为4%，计算存单的转让价格。 4、某证券的回购价格为100万元，回购利率为5.5%,回购期限7天,则该证券的售出价格是多少? 回购利息=回购价格×回购利率×回购天数/360=100万×5.5%×7/360=1069.44元，售价=100万 -1069.44=998930.56元 5、假定某投资者以6.75%的利率投资于5天期限的再购回协议,协议金额为2500万元,该投资者的收益为多少?如果该投资者与借款人签订的是连续再购回协议,5天后终止该合同,假定5天中每天的再购回利率分别为6.75%,7%,6.5%,6.25%,6.45%,这一连续协议的总利息收入为多少? 投资收益=2500万×6.75%×5/360=2.344万 总利息收入=2500万×（6.75%+7%+6.5%+6.25%+6.45%）×1/360=2.29万 1、息票债券的票面利率为8%，面值1000元，距到期日还有5年，到期收益率为7%，在下列情况下分别求债券的现值。（1）每年付息一次；（2）半年付息一次；（3）每季度付息一次 （1）
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS FINANCE? Objectives ?Define finance. ?Explain why finance is worth studying. ?Introduce the main players in the world of finance—households and firms—and the kinds of financial decisions they make. Outline 1.1 Defining Finance 1.2 Why Study Finance? 1.3 Financial Decisions of Households 1.4 Financial Decisions of Firms 1.5 Forms of Business Organization 1.6 Separation of Ownership and Management 1.7 The Goal of Management 1.8 Market Discipline: Takeovers 1.9 The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation Summary Finance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision-maker or anybody else. A basic tenet of finance is that the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy people’s consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the tradeoffs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences. There are at least five good reasons to study finance: ?To manage your personal resources. ?To deal with the world of business. ?To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities. ?To make informed public choices as a citizen.
CHAPTER 12 CHOOSING AN INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO Objectives ?To understand the process of personal investing in theory and in practice. ?To build a quantitative model of the tradeoff between risk and reward. Outline 12.1 The Process of Personal Portfolio Selection 12.2 The Trade-off between Expected Return and Risk 12.3 Efficient Diversification with Many Risky Assets Summary ?There is no single portfolio selection strategy that is best for all people. ?Stage in the life cycle is an imp ortant determinant of the optimal composition of a person’s optimal portfolio of assets and liabilities. ?Time horizons are important in portfolio selection. We distinguish among three time horizons: the planning horizon, the decision horizon, and the trading horizon. ?In making portfolio selection decisions, people can in general achieve a higher expected rate of return only by exposing themselves to greater risk. ?One can sometimes reduce risk without lowering expected return by diversifying more completely either within a given asset class or across asset classes. ?The power of diversification to reduce the riskiness of an investor’s portfolio depends on the correlations among the assets that make up the portfolio. In practice, the vast majority of assets are positively correlated with each other because they are all affected by common economic factors. Consequently, one’s ability to reduce risk through diversification among risky assets without lowering expected return is limited. ?Although in principle people have thousands of assets to choose from, in practice they make their choices from a menu of a few final products offered by financial intermediaries such as bank accounts, stock and bond mutual funds, and real estate. In designing and producing the menu of assets to offer to their customers these intermediaries make use of the latest advances in financial technology.
Chapter Five Household Savings and Investment Decisions This chapter contains 28 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1.Getting a professional degree can be evaluated as ________. a) a social security decision b)an investment in human capital c)an investment in a consumer durable d) a tax exempt decision Answer: (b) 2.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%. You are 30 years before your retirement date and invest $10,000 to a tax deferred retirement plan. If you choose to withdraw the total accumulated amount at retirement, what will you be left with after paying taxes? a)$51,445 b)$64,000 c)$80,501 d)$100,627 Answer: (c) 3.Suppose you will face a tax rate of 20% before and after retirement. The interest rate is 8%. You are 30 years before your retirement date and have $10,000 to invest. If you invest this in an ordinary savings plan instead of a tax deferred retirement plan, what amount will you have accumulated at retirement? a)$51,445 b)$64,000 c)$80,501 d)$100,627 Answer: (a)
Chapter Four Allocating Resources Over Time This chapter contains 46 multiple-choice questions, 18 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1.________ is the process of going from present value to future value, whereas ________ is finding the present value of some future amount. (a)Discounting; compounding (b)Compounding; annualizing (c)Compounding; discounting (d)Discounting; leasing Answer: (c) 2.________ refers to the interest rate at which money received before the end of the planning horizon can be reinvested. (a)Internal rate (b)Reinvestment rate (c)Cost of equity (d)Compound interest Answer: (b) 3.The difference between an immediate annuity and an ordinary annuity is ________. (a)the number of periods (b)the amount of the payments (c)the interest rate (d)the timing of the payments Answer: (d)
第三章利息与利息率 复习思考题 仁利息的计算方法有哪些？为什么复利反映利息的本质？ (1)利息有两种基本计算方法：单利计算法与复利计算法。 (2)原因：利息是信用关系赖以生存的条件。利息既是债权人的一项收入来源，也是债权人放弃资金流动性，暂时放弃其他赚钱机会的补偿。经济社会中既然产生并长期存在着利息这一经济范畴，就表明了资金可以只依其所有权取得一部分社会产品的分配权力，其存在的合理性，使得复利的存在也具有了合理性。因为按期结出的利息属于贷出者所有，贷出者有权对这部分利息的使用者收取利息。因此, 只有复利才能真正反映利息的本质特征。 2.决定和影响利率水平的一般因素是什么？ 平均利润率；借贷资金的供求关系；预期通货膨胀率；中央银行 货币政策；国际收支状况。 3.古典利率决定理论和凯恩斯的流动偏好利率理论有何不同? 古典利率决定理论认为，利率决定于储蓄与投资的均衡点。投资是利率的递减函数，即利率提高，投资额下降；利率降低，投资额上升；储蓄是利率的递增函数，即储蓄额与利率成正相关关系。 凯恩斯完全抛弃了实际因素对利率水平的影响，其利率决定理论基本上是货币理论。凯恩斯认为，利率决定于货币供给与货币需求的数量，而货币需求又基本取决于人们的流动性偏好。他认为，人们对收入有两
种抉择，一是在总收入中确定消费与储蓄的比例，即现在消费还是未来消费的选择；二是在储蓄总量确定后，具体储蓄形成的选择，即流动偏好的选择。假定人们的收入支出只有两种资产的选择，即人们或者用其收入购买债券，从而获得利息；或者手持现金，从而满足其交易的需求和谨慎的需求和投机的需求。凯恩斯认为，由于人们无法准确预测未来，人们宁愿放弃债券投资可能带来的利息收入，也不愿放弃对流动性强的资产——现金的持有，即人们对货币具有流动性偏好。人们进行债权投资可能带来的利息收入，是放弃流动性强的现金资产的报酬。因此，由于流动性偏好所形成的货币需求是利率的递减函数。 4.为什么利用IS-LM模型分析的利率决定理论是一种一般均衡的利率决定理论？ 在实际工作中，收入因素对利率的决定是有重要作用的，这种作用是通过对储蓄和货币需求的影响来实现的。由英国经济学家希克斯首先提出，美国经济学家汉森加以发展而形成的IS-LM模型，充分考虑了收入在利率决定中的作用，从而促进了利率决定理论的发展。IS-LM分析模型，是从整个市场全面均衡来讨论利率的决定机制的。市场均衡利率是产品市场与货币市场同时达到均衡时决定的。 5.阐述可贷资金利率理论的一般内容 该理论认为，市场利率不是简单的由投资与储蓄决定的，也不是仅仅是由人们的“流动性偏好”形成的货币需求与中央银行货币供给决定的，而是由可贷资金的供给和需求来决定的。可贷资金的需求包括两个部分，一是投资需求，二是货币贮藏的需求。这里影响市场利率的货币贮藏需求不是货币贮藏的总额，而是当年货币贮藏的增加额。用公式来表示，即
Chapter Two Financial Markets and Institutions This chapter contains 49 multiple-choice questions, 20 short problems and 10 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1. A market that has no one specific location is termed a(n) ________ market. (a)over-the-counter (b)geographic location (c)intermediary (d)conceptual Answer: (a) 2. ________ problems arise because parties to contracts often cannot easily monitor or control one another. (a)Payment (b)Counter (c)Incentive (d)Exchange Answer: (c) 3. Incentive problems take a variety of forms and include: (a)moral hazard (b)adverse selection (c)principal-agent (d)all of the above Answer: (d) 4. The ________ problem exists when having insurance against some risk causes the insured party to take greater risk or to take less care in preventing the event that gives rise to the loss. (a)moral hazard (b)adverse selection (c)principal-agent (d)all of the above Answer: (a)
第一章金融体系概述 一、选择题 1、D 2、A 3、B 4、C 5、D 6、D 7、B 8、C 9、D 10、A 11、A 二、判断题 1、√ 2、× 3、× 4、√ 5、× 6、√ 7、√ 8、× 9、√ 10、× 11、× 12、× 13、× 14、√ 15、× 16、√ 17、√ 三、名词解释 1、由各种金融工具、机构、市场和制度等一系列金融要素的集合，是这些金融要素为实现 资金融通功能而组成的有机系统。 2、资金短缺单位通过向资金盈余单位出售行股票、债券等索取权凭证而直接获得所需资金； 资金盈余单位通过购买并持有这些索取权凭证而获得未来的本息收入（债券）或股息分红（股票）。 3、资金短缺单位与盈余单位并不发生直接的融资关系，而是通过银行等金融中介机构发生 间接的融资关系。金融中介机构通过发行自己的次级证券（包括存单、支票、储蓄账户、保险单等）从资金盈余者那里获得资金，再通过购买资金短缺者的初级证券（贷款合同、债券、股票等）向其提供资金。 4、是一种未来收益的索取权，通常以凭证、收据、或其它法律文件表示，由货币的贷放而 产生。 5、有关金融活动、组织安排、监督管理及其创新的一系列在社会上通行或被社会采纳的习 惯、道德、戒律和法规等构成的规则集合，是与金融市场、金融组织和金融活动相关的各种规则的总和。 6、就是为满足经济发展的需要，同时获取潜在的金融利润，对经济发展过程中金融要素的 重新组合。 四、问答题 1、（1）积极作用： 首先，金融创新扩大了金融机构的资金来源渠道，扩大了金融服务业务领域，从而更好的满足了经济发展的需要。
其次，金融创新加强了利率杠杆的作用，有利于发挥利率杠杆在调节金融资源配置中的作用。 再次，金融创新为投资者提供了许多新的金融风险管理工具，有利于投资者根据需要选用，更好的进行风险管理。 最后，金融创新有利地推进了金融自由化、国际化和全球化进程，有利于世界金融和经济的深化发展。 （2）消极作用： 首先，表现在对货币政策效应的影响上。各种金融创新工具的大量涌现，使传统的货币政策目标、工具、传递机制都发生了较大的变化，使中央银行难于通过货币供应量的控制来调节宏观经济。 其次，使金融业的经营风险加大。尽管金融创新提供的新的风险管理工具可以转移和降低个体的风险，但却不能降低金融系统的风险。巨额游资的自由流动将对一国金融体系造成巨大冲击，金融衍生工具巨大的杠杆作用，更为投机资金的兴风作浪提供了巨大的放大效应。2、 现代金融体系的基本功能包括以下8个方面： 储蓄和金融投资功能（为资金盈余者提供的服务） 融资功能（为资金短缺者提供的服务） 提供流动性功能（实现资产转换） 配置金融资源功能（整合为盈余和短缺双方服务功能，最高总结即是如此） 提供信息功能 管理风险功能：转移风险、控制风险、管理风险的功能。清算和支付结算功能：银行清算体系提供的快速、准确、安全、方便的清算和支付结算服务，是现代经济运行不可缺少的重要服务。传递金融政策效应功能：金融政策对经济的调节作用是通过金融体系的传递来实现的。 4、是美国经济学家西尔伯于1983年提出的。金融约束主要有外部约束和部约束。前者导致
Chapter Eight Valuation of Known Cash Flows: Bonds This chapter contains 50 multiple choice questions, 18 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice 1. A ________ is a quantitative method used to infer an asset's value from market information about the prices of other assets and market interest rates. (a)fixed model (b)perpetual valuation model (c)valuation model (d)variable model Answer: (c) 2.________ are examples of fixed-income securities. (a)Common stock and pension funds (b)Mortgages and pension annuities (c)Mutual funds and common stock (d)Preferred stock and common stock Answer: (b) 3.Consider a fixed-income security that promises to pay $150 each year for the next five years. How much is this five-year annuity worth if the appropriate discount rate is 7% per year? (a)$534.74 (b)$615.03 (c)$802.50 (d)$867.96 Answer: (b) 8-1
博迪《金融学》（第2版）笔记和课后习题详解（修订版）完整版>精研学习?>无偿试用20％资料 全国547所院校视频及题库全收集 考研全套>视频资料>课后答案>往年真题>职称考试 第1部分金融和金融体系 第1章金融学 1.1复习笔记 1.2课后习题详解 第2章金融市场和金融机构 2.1复习笔记 2.2课后习题详解 第3章管理财务健康状况和业绩 3.1复习笔记 3.2课后习题详解 第2部分时间与资源配置 第4章跨期配置资源 4.1复习笔记 4.2课后习题详解 第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策 5.1复习笔记 5.2课后习题详解 第6章投资项目分析 6.1复习笔记 6.2课后习题详解 第3部分价值评估模型 第7章市场估值原理 7.1复习笔记 7.2课后习题详解 第8章已知现金流的价值评估：债券 8.1复习笔记 8.2课后习题详解 第9章普通股的价值评估 9.1复习笔记 9.2课后习题详解 第4部分风险管理与资产组合理论 第10章风险管理的原理 10.1复习笔记 10.2课后习题详解
第11章对冲、投保和分散化 11.1复习笔记 11.2课后习题详解 第12章资产组合机会和选择 12.1复习笔记 12.2课后习题详解 第5部分资产定价 第13章资本市场均衡 13.1复习笔记 13.2课后习题详解 第14章远期市场与期货市场 14.1复习笔记 14.2课后习题详解 第15章期权市场与或有索取权市场 15.1复习笔记 15.2课后习题详解 第6部分公司金融 第16章企业的财务结构 16.1复习笔记 16.2课后习题详解 第17章实物期权 17.1复习笔记 17.2课后习题详解
CHAPTER 7 PRINCIPLES OF ASSET VALUATION Objectives ?Understand why asset valuation is important in finance. ?Explain the Law of One Price as the principle underlying all asset-valuation procedures. ? Explain the meaning and role of valuati on models. ? Explain how in formatio n gets reflected in security prices. Outline 7.1 The Relation Between an Asset ' s Value and Its Price 7.2 Value Maximizati on and Finan cial Decisi ons 7.3 The Law of One Price and Arbitrage 7.4 Arbitrage and the Prices of Finan cial Assets 7.5 Excha nge Rates and Trian gular Arbitrage 7.6 In terest Rates and the Law of One Price 7.7 Valuati on Using Comparables 7.8 Valuatio n Models 7.9 Accou nti ng Measures of Value 7.10 How Information Gets Reflected in Security Prices 7.11 The Efficie nt Markets Hypothesis Summary * In finance the measure of an asset ' s value is the price it would fetch if it were sold in a competitive market. The ability to accurately value assets is at the heart of the discipline of finance because many personal and corporate finan cial decisi on s can be made by select ing the alter native that maximizes value. * The Law of One Price states that in a competitive market, if two assets are equivale nt they will tend to have the same price. The law is en forced by a process called arbitrage , the purchase and immediate sale of equivale nt assets in order to earn a sure profit from a difference in their prices. * Even if arbitrage cannot be carried out in practice to enforce the Law of One Price, unknown asset values can still be in ferred from the prices of comparable assets whose prices are known. * The quantitative method used to infer an asset ' s value from information about the prices of comparable assets is called a valuation model. The best valuation model to employ varies with the information available and the inten ded use of the estimated value. * The book value of an asset or a liability as reported in a firm ' s financial statements often differs from its current market value. * In making most financial decisions, it is a good idea to start by assuming that for assets that are bought and sold in competitive markets, price is a pretty accurate reflecti on of fun dame ntal value. This assumpti on is gen erally warranted precisely because there are many well-informed professionals looking for mispriced assets who profit by elim in at ing discrepa ncies betwee n the market prices and the fun dame ntal values of assets. The propositi on that an asset ' s curre nt price fully reflects all pub-alyailable in formatio n about future econo mic fun dame ntals affecting the asset ' s value is knowEffisithn^ Markets Hypothesis . * The prices of traded assets reflect in formatio n about the fun dame ntal econo mic determi nan ts of their value. An alysts are con sta ntly search ing for assets whose prices are differe nt from their fun dame ntal value in order to buy/sell these “ bargains. ” In deciding the best strategy for the purchase/sale of a “ bargain, ” evaluate the accuracy of her information. The market price of an asset reflects the weighted average of all an alysts opinions with heavier weights for an alysts who con trol large amou nts of money and for those an alysts who have better tha n average in formati on.