1 第一课 HOW TO BE HAPPY 如何获得幸福 2-5
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by
positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H(happiness)=S (your biological set
point for feeling happy)+c(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you
make).This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness
quotient.
过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁.塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。
STEP 1: Peace and quiet
Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The happiness Hypothesis, notes that
research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise
pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other
is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive
noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you are
unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your
local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you
need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates
altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.
第一步：平和宁静
乔纳林.海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双都感到舒适。
STEP 2: Relationships
This is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve
your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in
poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or
lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents
or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates
isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing
we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or
learn to move on.
第二步：人际关系
这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。
Step 3:Share
If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly
improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends; Passing on what
words is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.
第三步：分享 2 如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。
一、阅读理解：
1、What is the happiness formula according to the passage?
幸福公式的定义是什么？
答：The formula refers to H(happiness)=S(your biological set point for
feeling happy)+C(the conditions of your life)+V(the voluntary choices you make).
2、Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?
为什么说我们不可能完全适应新近的或长期的噪音污染？
答：Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can
never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.
3、How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?
如何能使我们自己和邻居都感觉舒服？
答：If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones
demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors.
4、Where does the unhappiness come from? 痛苦和不幸来自于哪里？
答：Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others.
5、What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?
用什么积极的途径改善极度冲突的人际关系？ 答：What you can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what
is going wrong or learn to move on.
二、汉译英：
1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。
Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.
2、在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。
A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold
wrechedness.
3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage
our wellbeing.
4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved
destructive depression.
5、我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.
三、英译汉：
There are many benefits to being happy. Happy people tend to be healthier,
live longer and earn more. They also tend to volunteer more, be better at 3 relationships and smile more of what psychologists call “Duchenne” or genuine
smiles. What is less well understood is why happiness is contagious.
幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。
According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis, authors of the
international bestseller Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends,
family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become
significantly happier in the future. More specifically , they say we will become 25
per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes
significantly happier with his or her life.
全球畅销书《关联》的作者詹姆斯 福勒和尼古拉斯 克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人和邻居，那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。
Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier);
siblings who live within a mile of each other (14 per cent); and next-door
neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness
spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical
proximity) than on deep social connections. Alas, for some reason this doesn’t
translate to the workplace.
具有同样效果的还有同居配偶（幸福感提升8%）、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹（14%）和邻居（34%）。这意味着，幸福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度（与地域邻近相关），而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。 So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people
share their good fortune with their friends and family (for example, by being
pragmatically helpful or financially generous). Another reason could be that
happy people tend to change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less
hostile to those close to them. Or it could just be that positive emotions are highly
contagious.
那么，为什么幸福能够传染？一个原因或许是，幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气（例如，提供实际的帮助，或在经济上慷慨解囊）。另一个原因可能是，幸福的人往往会改善自己的行为，会对周围的人更加友好，或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。
第二课 City Design 城市设计 6-8
When I’m being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center,
I couldn’t help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. The
word’s cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is
deteriorating. Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs
of cigarettes per day. The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere
sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising
frustration levels.
当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正在不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。
In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergency of a new
urbanism. In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side
walks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base
