读《程序的正义与诉讼》
刘克
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每次学习新课程之初，老师都会拉出一长条的书单，希望我们可以按照自己的兴趣选择二三本进行精读。说来惭愧，在我的法学专业长达一年半的学习时间里，从来也没有认真读过一本法学著作。也算是借这次作业的“机会”，拜读了谷口安平先生所写的《程序的正义与诉讼》。
由于从未读过类似的法学大家之名著，我的低水平的文学素养、少的可怜的知识储备、浅薄的理论功底、朴素的逻辑分析能力与能够真正看懂这本书还有一段距离。再加上时间限制以及我的懒惰，我只看完了这本书的8个专题。虽然看书过程中连一知半解地看“懂”一页的情况都鲜有，但还是能够总结出我所看得那几个专题的主要观点以及我自己的感悟（也可以说是胡言乱语）。
专题一：程序的正义
这一专题的理论性非常强，我的强烈的贯彻始终的挫败感就是在这个专题中产生的。虽然有三个大标题，但是通过我的阅读，我认为可以大致分为两个重要的部分：何为正义的程序？程序正义的表现与保障。
文中提到将程序的正义可以分为三类：“纯粹的程序正义”“完全的程序正义”“不完全的程序正义”。我可以大致了解这三者之间的区别，感叹于罗尔斯对抽象的程序的正义的分类之精巧。但是完全和不完全已经是一组完全对立且互斥的词语，本身就有了周延性。翻译后的名称有待斟酌考量。文中提到无罪推定原则是一种假定某个结果合乎正义的必要妥协。在我眼中，这是一个特别新奇的观点。之前学习刑法总论时，只是简单地看到这个原则对于被告人权益保护的必要性和重要性。实际上，这个原则也是实体正义和程序正义的互相冲击、互相妥协的结果。再比如，“陪审团的评决性质上就像神的声音那样拥有绝对的权威”。在刑事诉讼法课程上我做过关于陪审团的小作业，搜集过许多资料，但许多文章基本上都在阐述陪审团时如何有利于民主进程、结果正义等表面问题。仔细想想，没有理由只有评论的评决确实拥有“绝对的权威”。也许学习法学的乐趣也在于此，从不同角度看问题可以产生不同的思路得出不同的结果。每一种结果的是思考的成果，都闪耀这智慧的光芒。
作者从历史的角度看待程序法和实体法的联系，证明现有程序法后又实体法，反驳了程序法是助法的传统观点。可能是限于这个专题的篇幅，只从历史现象出发，观点就显得有些没有说服力。
关于程序正义的保障。对于如何来保障程序的正义，书中已经解释的很清楚很有条理了，我在这里就不多加赘述了。但是，我有一点点的小疑惑或者说是不同的观点。我觉得这一内容中所有的程序实质上是指有关程序的具体制度。当审判制度、法官、律师等等一系列的要素符合正义的性质时通过诉讼制度将这些要素“串”起来，程序的正义也就实现了。程序正义不是当作一个目标或是最终结果，恰恰相反，实体正义是一个静态的目标；程序正义则是一个动态的过程。提出建议以实现程序正义的做法实际上是建立一些正义的制度。所以说，这一部分的内容，按照我的理解，是对正义的具体制度的总体性概括性的设想。
专题二：当事者主导原则与对抗式辩论原则
这个专题的内容多介绍性，类似于教材，先讲是什么，再讲为什么，最后将怎么办。这两种原则各有各的优点，作者主要从五个方面出发，但可贵的是，每一方面都结合了日本的实际情况来具体讨论，不仅可以将观点解释得更加清楚明白，也让我看到了，正是因为日本存在这样一大批学贯东西、理论与实际相结合
的法学家，日本的法制建设和理论成果才如此地令人瞩目。
专题三：民事诉讼的目的
本专题三个部分：民诉的作用、民事诉讼与其他类似的制度、讨论民诉目的的意义所在
关于民诉的作用，作者认为主要体现在维护个人权利和解决纠纷上。对于当事人来说，更侧重于通过民事诉讼来维护自己的利益。对于社会管理这来说，民诉在解决纠纷、平复社会秩序方面的作用尤为重要。
“民事诉讼与其他类似的制度”就是老师上课讲的解决纠纷的多元机制。
讨论民诉目的的意义究竟何在，这是一个相当复杂的问题，作者也没能明确提出自己的观点。但有一点是可以肯定的，讨论民诉的目的可以点燃法学学生想要一探民事诉讼法“奥秘”的热情。
专题四：民事诉讼制度的理想与改革
套用一下电影名字，这是一个关于“理想照进现实”的专题。
作者以期待民俗发挥怎样的功能为前提去讨论最理想的制度，可以很大程度顾及到“理想制度的可行性”这一看似矛盾的问题。
公正、迅速、高效率、正当是任何人们心中完美制度都具备的四个特点。其中最令我感兴趣的是经济效率这一个特点。说是经济效率，作者其实把他觉现在诉讼费上了。律师收一收律师费是合理的，怎么收对律师行业的影响是非常大的，收费也应该公平，是作者在讨论理想的费用时觉得异常的困难。与其说作者想要讨论多少是理想的费用，莫不如说是一大堆“鸡毛蒜皮”的忧虑。美国的律师收费是相当高的，可是打官司的人也是相当多的。考虑经济效率的价值时，没有侧重与对司法有限资源的合理分配，而是过分考量律师费用，似乎有点本末倒置了。如何能更好地兼顾公正和效率才是真正应该给予重点思考的问题。至于诉讼费收多少合适，好像更属于经济学领域，也不是法学家有能力研究的问题。在迅速性价值方面，作者提出6个月就是迅速的。但这个标准是从何而来呢？我一直认为，这种接近于纯理论的研究只能定性很难定量，再加上作者并没有给出数据的准确来源，颇有“坐而论道”之嫌。
对于民事诉讼的现实与改革方向，作者对现实的描述远远多于能够改变现状的具体建议。在阐释要加强日本审理活动的灵活性时，提出要增加法官人数，但是没有提出如何能够增加法官人数。换句话说，作者善于提问题，不善于回答问题。
专题五：诉讼法乃是实体法发展之母体
本书精华之所在。本专题论证充分，看完以后甚觉其真理。关于这个实体法和诉讼法谁是谁的母体，我很欣赏他的说法，但我的观点跟他却又不同。这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的从古至今的难题，所以能够引起一代一代人的激烈讨论。作者的观点我大致总结如下：程序法创造权力；实体法不创造程序，只提供判断标准；程序法限于实体法产生。他的所有的观点都来自于一个重要的前提——纠纷产生之前权利的存在处于不明确的状态。这种观点就不具备完全的正确性。如果权利来源于自然法，那么权利是一直存在的，不取决于它是否通过了解决纠纷的机制加以明确。这样的理论基础是有争议的，或者说，是有多重解释方法的。在这样的基础上形成的理论，自然有支持者也有反对者。
专题六：律师和法、事实
这本书不止一次地谈及日本没有律师代理强制原则的弊端。那么，为什么不设立这项制度呢？从经济角度考虑，法日的经济水平也算是旗鼓相当。但从律师费这个角度考虑有一些站不住脚。律师代理诉讼固然会花费当事人一定的钱财，但也节省了当事人的时间和精力。当事人本人参加诉讼往往“词不达意”、耗时长也大把浪费了宝贵的司法资源。
作者用大篇幅意图考察律师作用的不可替代性，归根结底就是两个字——专业。因为专业，才能有极强的调查能力、从法律角度进行思考的能力、辩论的能力、用伦理自我约束的能力、客观冷静地判断的能力，具备了这些能力才能明确提出请求、与法官、对方当事人及其代理律师展开信息交流，其最终还是指向提高效率、节约司法资源和维护当事人的合法权益。看到这里满心欢喜：律师可真重要啊。但冷静下来，将自己的能力与上述的能力要求进行对比，欢喜自然而然地被失落取而代之。我是一个完全不及格的法学专业的学生……
专题七：民事审判与公正
公正的主观性、公正感的相对性是这个专题中其他专题没有详细讨论的内容。
一句英国的法律谚语可以大致概括公正的主观性的重要——Justice must be done but must be seen to be done.( 在课上学的)。外观上的公正是起码的保障。迟来的正义不是正义，用专制获得的民主不是真正的民主，原理大致相同。
公正感的相对性，在我看来，是本书中最通俗易懂的，也是我唯一读懂的部分。不同国家对什么是公正的感受和看法是不同的。不同人群对公正的感受也是不同的。今天的公正感有别于昨天的公正感。我的总结是：公正感具有地域性、实践性、群体性。作者还谈了一般人与法律家的公正感是对立的。其实，这只是相对性的表现的一个方面。当事人参与越多、发言被认真听取的越多，满足感也就越多，也就会越觉得公正。但是，如果律师代理当事人，就是在无形之中“剥夺”了当时人的快乐与满足，当事人自然会产生对律师的不信任。这时，格外需要律师群体的“权威”和“中立”来对此进行调和。两个群体公正性的对立也是理性与感性的对立。
专题八：比较民事诉讼法的课题·序论
从日本法学理论及实践的历史发展角度看，先学大陆在学英美，日本在比较法这一部分应该可以说是世界第一流。
这个专题列举了几种比较民事诉讼法的多种接近途径，对我学习民事诉讼法有很多启示：不能囿于我国的民事诉讼法还要查阅学习其他国家的诉讼法典和判例，从而在比较之中综合考量中国现有制度的优劣；从客观的视角考察诉讼程序的总特点，在分析特点的基础上归纳总结诉讼结果的优势和劣势，建立全局观，提高综合分析能力……
这是一篇非常不成熟的读后感，更像是读书笔记，有对书的内容的复述，也有我的总结，还有我的一些观点看法，更多的是我的“自言自语”。
In this modern materialistic world, the majority of people are in hot pursuit of material gains, and money is considered the most valuable thing of all, which, personally speaking, is quite superficial. As far as I am concerned, reading is much more valuable than anything else, for it can benefit us in many ways. The old saying, “to open a book is always beneficial” vividly shows how valuable reading is. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that reading is a very important way to gain knowledge. Reading is like travelling, the process of which enables you to experience the colorful world and enlarge your eyes scope. By reading history books, you can understand how a regime prospers or collapses, helping you draw useful lessons and develop more wisdom. By reading books of science, you can keep yourself informed in the field of scientific endeavors, thus appreciating how science creates wonders. In a word, reading can enrich your knowledge and get whatever information you need. In addition, you can get mental encouragement from reading and improve yourself in all aspects. For instance, the stories of well-known people in books help turn an aimless person into an ambitious one, setting up a short or long-term goal for himself. If the daily troubles make you feel desperate, then you will be mentally stroked and encouraged by reading how famous people such as Beethoven made miracles in the face of insurmountable difficulties. Books are a great source of mental encouragement, giving you motives to move forward. Finally, reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our joy when we are in high spirits, and lessens our sorrow when we are discouraged. Reading will always bring us enjoyment and satisfaction. Good books also serve as gentle companions or faithful friends that will never betray us. While reading, we don’t feel lonely. Books are ready to give us whatever we need such as knowledge, friendship and encouragement. To sum up, reading is undoubtedly beneficial to you. To open a book is like opening a door, through which you will enter a museum, where all man-made wonders and unique wisdoms are available for you to appreciate; to open a book is like opening a window, through which you can enjoy fresh air、blue sky and wonderful natural landscapes , making you feel refreshed
竭诚为您提供优质的服务，优质的文档，谢谢阅读/双击去除 初中经典英语作文开头|英语作文开头 优美句子 在初中的英语写作中，作文开头又有哪些较为经典的佳句呢?学生不妨多加积累。下面是小编整理的一些关于初中经典英语作文开头的相关资料,供你参考。 初中经典英语作文开头精选 1.recentlytheproblemof…hasarousedpeoplesconcern.最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。
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初中经典英语作文开头推荐 1.Internethasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole inourdayto-daylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuth ascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.(互联网)已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。 2.oneoftheseriousproblemsfacingusatpresentis…目前，我们面临的严重问题之一是…… 3.Therehasbeenaheatedargumentaboutwhether…就是否……而言，人们讨论热烈。 4.perhapsweneedtoreconsiderthetraditionalwaysofdoin git.或许，我们需要重新考虑传统的做事方法。
大学生谈恋爱的利与弊The Advantages and Disadvantages of College Students Fall in Love 大学英语作文 Positive and Negative Aspects about College Student's Amativeness Falling in love with in college 大学校园盛行的一句话是：大学不谈恋爱就白读了四年大学。如何看待大学生谈恋爱？大学生谈恋爱是利大于弊还是弊大于利呢？写一篇英语作文谈谈恋爱对大学生的影响。 As it is known, when we are in high school, we all have a constant goal that is to get the entrance to college, and hard work is out of question for the following. So we gain the notice to college finally which we often dream of in the nights, which proves a proverb that the god doesn’t live up to someone who spends time and efforts, please memorize the sentence for good. 总所周知，我们在高中时都有一个不变定的目标，那就是读大学以及为了未来努力工作是毫无疑问的。所以我们最后得到了我们经常
在网上做梦都会梦到的大学录取通知书，这证明了一句谚语：皇天不负有心人，请记住，这是好句子。 Of course one day we went to college in August or September happily and proudly, but at the same time something happened that it made your heart pounding fiercely, by the way, that is love for many college students. And then they miss the directions and themselves as well for their lives. Next I am to express isthat I am neutral for falling in love in college, however I have some ideas to illustratemy own. 当然有一天，我们在八月或九月幸福、自豪的去上大学，但在同时发生了一些事情，让你的心受到猛烈的冲击，顺便说一下，这是很多大学生们的爱。然后他们失去了方向，迷失了自我，迷失了生命。下一个我要表达的观点是对于在大学恋爱我是持中立的态度，但是我有一些例子来说明我自己的想法。 Firstly, if you are passers-by, I think we will find a lot about several couples of boyfriends and girlfriends under the dorms or dim corners or in the classes without anybody for close postures, as youngsters, it is normal without asking cause about that. 首先，如果你是路人，我想我们会发现很多对男女朋友在班宿舍或昏暗的角落或在没有人的教室里做一些亲密的行为。对于年轻人，不用问原因，这是正常的。
阅读的好处英语作文 我们很多知识都是通过书本得来的，通过书本，我们知道历史，了解了生活的方方面面，下面是xx为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢! Speaking of reading, many people are excited because reading brings them both knowledge and entertainment. By reading, we can learn lots of information and know our history. But for some people, reading is not their priority. They will choose to watch movies to have fun. However, I think people can benefit a lot by reading. First of all, reading can let us know what have happened in history. Since history is recorded in books, if we read books, then we can not only know what have happened in history but also we can better understand the great figures of the age. Secondly, reading can enrich our knowledge. By reading, we can know different kinds of things, how things happen and how to avoid bad things from happening. Books record a wide range of things about life. Through reading, we can know various aspects of life.
读书的好处英语作文带翻译 I think reading is important in the whole life for people.There are many benefits of reading.Firstly,reading increases our knowledge and we can learn the world affairs without going out.Secondly,reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills.Before you learn to write,you must know how others write.Thirdly,reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon,which is important to job hunting in the future.Finally,reading helps us become self-cultivation that would be beneficial to our whole life.Therefore,start to reading,no matter how old you are and what you are doing.Then,you may find the great charm and benefits of reading. 我认为阅读对人们来说是终身受用的.阅读有很多好处.首先,读书能够使我们增长见识,不出门,便可知天下事.其次,读书能够使我们的阅读和写作水平得到提升.在你学会如何写之前,你得首先知道别人怎么写.再者,阅读能扩宽我们的知识面和眼界,这对我们将来找工作是很重要的.最后,阅读使我们变得有修养,这对我们一生都是很有好处的.所以,不管你现在多大,不管你在干什么,现在就开始读书吧.然后,你就会发现阅读的魅力和好处了.
四六级英语作文经典开头句型 1.对立法 先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。 e.g [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that....... But I think/view a bit differently. [2]. When it comes to...., some people believe that....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but (I tend to the former/latter ...) [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledge that.... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether..... 2.现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题然后评论. e.g [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. [2]. Recently, the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention) [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. -----To be continued! 3.观点法 开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。 e.g: [1]. Nev er history has the change of … been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of … been more visible/ popular than... [2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/ accept/(be aware) that... [3]. Now there is a growing awareness/ recognition to the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 4.引用法 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法来引出文章要展开论述的观点。 e.g: [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people .
The Usefulness of College All in all,the university is a kind of investment,profit and loss depends on yourself.We college students should make use of existing resources to improve ourselves. 上大学的用处 图片显示的是一个坐在石头堆上的农民工对身着西装革履的大学生说的一句话“你花钱上大学，却和我这没上学的收入一样”。这让我想起了网络上一篇引人热议的帖子《回家后，我无颜面对的事情：怎么大学生不如农民工呢》。 这件事情在我看来大学生和农民工是没有可比性的，因为前者是做脑力劳动的，后者是做体力劳动的。我们不能用工资的高低来判断一个人的价值，这是不公平的。对于大学生来说开始工作的工资确实不高，需要积累一定的经验。 其实我们在大学里可以学到很多xx的，不然也不会有那么多的人挤破头也要上大学了。在大学里我们能学到什么呢？第一，建立有效的同学网。在大学里可以交到良师益友，良师益友可以有效地提升学习与职业成长效率，他们将是我们人生中的宝贵财富。第二，实现爱好的平台。大学可以提供给我们足够的资料，做任何想做的研究。大学把各个地方与各个方面的人汇集在一起形成了很有价值的交流中心。在大学里我们对自己的了解逐渐接近真实，我们不再狂妄自大，不再妄自菲薄，逐步走向成熟。第三，促进个人气质的变化。从一个农村孩子到xx职业人士的蜕变，大学充当了很好的培训所与初步养成机构的作用，这会表现在谈吐、衣着与沟通修养上。第四，培养独立思考能力。在大学里我们有了思考自己思考社会的时间和能力，我们不再人云亦云，拥有了独立思考能力，会自己判断对与错。我们xx了社会与人性的复杂性，多面性，更加理性了。 总之，上大学是一种投资，盈亏全在于自己，我们大学生应利用现有资源努力提升自己。 1/ 1
《读书的好处英语作文》 读书的好处英语作文（一）： Speaking of reading， many people are excited because reading brings them both knowledge and entertainment。 By reading， we can learn lots of information and know our history。 But for some people，reading is not their priority。 They will choose to watch movies to have fun。 However， I think people can benefit a lot by reading。 说起读书，很多人都很兴奋，读书不仅仅能带给他们知识，而且也能带给他们娱乐。透过读书，我们能得到很多信息，了解我们的历史。但是对于一部分人来说，阅读并不是他们的首选。他们会选取看电影来找乐子。但是，我认为，读书能让我们获益。 First of all， reading can let us know what have happened in history。 Since history is recorded in books， if we read books， then we can not only what have happened in history but also we can better understand the great figures of the age。 第一，读书能让我们明白历史。历史都被记录在数中，如果我们读书的话，我们不仅仅能了解历史，而且我们也能更加了解时代伟人。 Secondly， reading can enrich our knowledge。 By reading， we can know different kinds of things， how things happen and how to avoid bad things from happening。 Books record a wide range of things about life。 Through reading， we can know various aspects of life。 第二，读书能让我们丰富我们的知识。透过读书，我们能了解很多事物，了解到事件是怎样发生的，怎样避免不利事件的发生。书本记录着社会的方方面面。透过读书，我们能了解生活的方方面面的知识。 Thirdly， reading teaches us skills。 There are so many books about how to learn a certain language， how to get a good job， how to bee popular in your circle， how to cook and so on。 Thus， these kinds of books can make us more skillful if we do a certain thing。 第三，我们能透过读书来学习一些技能。很多书都是写关于怎样学会一门语言，怎样找到一份好工作，怎样让自我在圈子中更受欢迎以及怎样烹饪等之类的东西。透过这些书，我们能在做事的时候更加熟练。 All in all， we can find lots of benefits through reading。 总之，我们能够透过读书收获很多。 读书的好处英语作文（二）： if we have a book ，we will not be felling of being longly
经典英语作文开头结尾集锦 1. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……Personally, I believe that_____Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______ 2. 随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一 份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。With the development of society, ______So it“s urgent and necessary to ____If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better 3. 至于我对我来说，就我而言，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……For my part, I think it reasonable to_____Only in this way can you _____ 4. 对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同 样重要的是……In my opinion, I think it necessary to____The reasons are as followsFirst _____Second ______Last but not least,______ 5. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______However, from a personal point of view find______ 6. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……From what has bee n discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____ 1. As far as I am concerned that solve these problems are very necessary就我而言，解决这些问题非常必要。。。Only in this way can we solve this problem It is well-known to us that……我们都知道……==As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 就我所知… 2. Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……最近……问题引起了关注 3. Nowadaysoverpopulationhas become a problem we have to face.现今，人口过 剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要 的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题 4. With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……
阅读作文之阅读经典著作的重要性英语作文
阅读经典著作的重要性英语作文 【篇一：英语作文(读名著的重要性)】 for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. you should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. the importance of reading literature the drawing portrays a classroom scene in which a teacher is telling a student to read a piece of literary works. undoubtedly, the picture aims at highlighting the magnitude of reading classics for young students, which is worth discussing among general public for the time being. as we all know, the classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation. some familiar characters such as monkey king express the good wishes of our common people. there is no doubt that young people will benefit a lot from reading classics. for one thing, classics will help broaden their horizons from them. while observing characters in classic novels going through ups and downs in their life, youngsters also can definitely learn essential life ethics. for another, with condensed beauty of arts, they will enhance readers aesthetic taste.therefore, we should start reading the treasuries our ancestors left and absorbing the essence of them. we should also advocate to the public the importance so that more general people can enjoy the pleasure of reading 【篇二：阅读的重要性the importance of reading】
读书的好处英语作文(12篇) 读书的好处英语作文第1篇： if we have a book ，we will not be felling of being longly When I’m free or in trouble，I always take out a book and read quietly。In no time，I’ve put my heart into it so that I’ll forget all the troubles。It’s in this way that I’ve formed the habit of reading in any time。 Little boys as I was，I was interest in picture books and storybooks。I was struck by them。No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel，plays，essays and so on。 I found I could get much from them。Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the position contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang。 Reading The Emperor’s New Clothes，I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool。The Little Match Girl couldn’t keep me from crying for her misery。Robinson Crusoe took me into a strange world full of danger。And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Keller’s patience and perseverance Besides these，books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong。In a word，good books can make me know what I didn’t before。So I think of a good book as my best friend。
英语作文万能开头结尾 SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-SANYHUASANYUA8Q8-
1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… 2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 很明显,现在正是时候,我们采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则” 一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
TheUsefulnessofCollege Thepictureshowsthatamigrantworkerssittingonthestonessaidtoacollegestudentswearingi nwesterndressandleathershoes"youspendmoneyonUniversity,butyouhavethesameincomewithme". Thisremindsmeoftheattractivehotpostonnetwork 《afterreturninghome,Ihavenofacetothings:howdocollegestudentsasmigrantworkers.》. Inmyopinion,thisthingofcollegestudentsandmigrantworkersarenotcomparable,becausethe formeristhementallabor,'tusethewagetojudgethevalueofaperson,,oursalaryisnothighatthebe ginningofworkindeed,weneedtoaccumulatesomeexperience. Infact,wecanlearnalotofthingsintheUniversity,otherwisetherewon'?Firstly,上大学的用 处 图片显示的是一个坐在石头堆上的农民工对身着西装革履的大学生说的一句话“你花钱上大学，却和我这没上学的收入一样”。这让我想起了网络上一篇引人热议的帖子《回家后，我无颜面对的事情：怎么大学生不如农民工呢》。 这件事情在我看来大学生和农民工是没有可比性的，因为前者是做脑力劳动的，后者是做体力劳动的。我们不能用工资的高低来判断一个人的价值，这是不公平的。对于大学生来说开始工作的工资确实不高，需要积累一定的经验。 其实我们在大学里可以学到很多东西的，不然也不会有那么多的人挤破头也要上大学了。在大学里我们能学到什么呢？第一，建立有效的同学网。在大学里可以交到良师益友，良师益友可以有效地提升学习与职业成长效率，他们将是我们人生中的宝贵财富。第二，实现爱好的平台。大学可以提供给我们足够的资料，做任何想做的研究。大学把各个地方与各个方面的人汇集在一起形成了很有价值的交流中心。在大学里我们对自己的了解逐渐接近真实，我们不再狂妄自大，不再妄自菲薄，逐步走向成熟。第三，促进个人气质的变化。从一个农村孩子到城市职业人士的蜕变，大学充当了很好的培训所与初步养成机构的作用，这会表现在谈吐、衣着与沟通修养上。第四，培养独立思考能力。在大学里我们有了思考自己思考社会的时间和能力，我们不再人云亦云，拥有了独立思考能力，会自己判断对与错。我们明白了社会与人性的复杂性，多面性，更加理性了。 总之，上大学是一种投资，盈亏全在于自己，我们大学生应利用现有资源努力提升自己。
初三读书的好处英语作文带翻译 读书的好处英语作文_第1篇： Things in life than the books. It can let us know the heaven and earth, know life. It makes our temperament, not pleased by external gains, not to sorrow. Books are our spiritual lair, the source of life. Achievements of ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, to has close relationship with books, and is good at absorbing nutrition from the book. Get into the habit of hobby is reading books from the reading, to experience the fun of reading, learning and mastering some reading method, this is not the first great thing in life? Now, I will share with you to read all kinds of fun! A great pleasure in reading than when you when you are racking their brains for a problem, mystery, or on a particular question seems to smell, open the book, you will find that has been done to the full, in SAO itch you. The “steady” feeling you so comfortable, so comfortable. Reading for fun, different people have different for engaged in manual Labour, a leisure reading; For people engaged in mental Labour, the book can be a panacea, boredom, reading can be permitted; When sorrow, reading can lotus; Reading can be