855
华南理工大学
2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（请在答题纸上做答，试卷上做答无效，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：环境科学与工程导论
适用专业：环境科学；环境工程；环境工程(专硕)
本卷满分：150分共 3 页一、选择题 （共 16 小题，每小题 2分，共32分）
1．生物脱氮体系中硝化细菌在生长代谢过程中多以以下哪些物质为碳源？。A. 含碳有机物； B. 含碳有机物、二氧化碳；
C. CO32-、HCO3-、CO2；
D. 低分子含碳有机物、CO32-、HCO3-、CO2。
2. 延时曝气活性污泥法体系中微生物主要处于状态。
A. 延滞期；
B. 对数生长期；
C. 稳定期；
D. 内源呼吸期。
3. 生态系统平衡的标志，以下说法不对的是。
A. 能量输入输出稳定；
B. 适于人类居住；
C. 结构稳定；
D. 功能作用稳定。
4. 下列有关生态系统食物网特征描述不正确的是。
A. 食物链的环节数是无限的；
B. 食物网上的生物之间不单单是捕食关系；
C. 一种生物可能属于不同的营养级；
D. 食物网越复杂生态系统越稳定。
5. 在生物群落中，判断一个物种是否为优势种的主要依据是。
A. 物种数量；
B. 物种生物量；
C. 物种的体积；
D. 物种在群落中的作用。
6. 在选用静电除尘器来净化含尘废气时，首先必须考虑粉尘的。
A. 粒径；
B. 密度；
C. 粘附性；
D. 荷电性。
7. 是衡量堆肥反应完成的信号，也是堆肥质量的指标。
A. 腐熟度；
B. 温度；
C. 有机物含量；
D. 含水率。
8. 以下关于废水生物处理过程的表述不正确的是。
A．废水好氧生物处理以分子态O2作为有机物氧化的电子受体；
B．废水生物处理中缺氧阶段的电子受体为NO3-、SO4-等含氧基团；
C．废水厌氧生物处理在无游离O2的条件下以简单有机物或无机物作为电子受体；D．废水生物处理缺氧阶段主要以微含量的O2为电子受体。
9. 对于高温高湿污染气体不宜采用。
A. 湿式除尘器；
B. 电除尘器；
C. 机械式除尘器；
D. 袋式除尘器。
10. 下列对各类生态系统特征的描述，正确的是。
A. 森林生态系统动植物种类繁多，但其调节能力差；
B. 草原上生活着多种动物，其中主要是两栖类动物；
C. 自然生态系统中的能量可以循环流动；
D. 任何自然生态系统中，分解者都是必不可少的。
11. 在正常操作条件（常温常压）下，活性污泥法工艺运行控制中，延长污泥龄将会导致如下结果：。
A. 增加供氧成本；
B. 增加剩余污泥产生量；
C. 剩余污泥产量不受影响；
D. 可使系统不产生剩余污泥。
12. 确定，是判断垃圾是否适合于焚烧处理的第一步，也是最重要的一步。
A. 热值；
B.含水率；
C.有机物含量；
D. 无机物组分。
13. 型煤固硫和循环流化床燃烧脱硫所使用的固硫剂分别为。
A. 石灰石，石灰；
B. 石灰，石灰；
C. 石灰石，石灰石；
D. 石灰，石灰石。
14. 是垃圾的一种处置方法，目前已被国际公约所禁止。
A. 海上处置；
B. 焚烧；
C. 填埋处置；
D. 深井灌注。
15. 赤潮的形成主要与下列哪种因素的关系最为密切？。
A. CO
浓度升高； B. 水体温度变化；
2
C. 水体富营养化；
D. 水体重金属污染物。
16. 当谈到某森林分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层时，这里指的是。
A. 群落的垂直成层性；
B. 群落的水平成层；
C. 群落的垂直地带分布；
D. 群落的镶嵌。
二、名词解释（共 10 小题，每小题 3分，共30分）
1. 生物浓缩
2. 氧垂曲线
3. 活性污泥
4. 温室效应
5. 交换吸附
6. 压缩沉淀
7. 大气二次性污染物
8. 绿色国民经济帐户
9. 生态位
10. 振动污染
三、简答题（共 8 小题，每小题 5分，共40分）
1. 什么是反硝化作用？请说明在城市污水处理反硝化工艺段的电子供体和电子
受体分别是什么？
2. 什么是混凝？影响混凝效果的因素有哪些？
3. 请简述电磁辐射防护的基本方法。
4. 选择大气颗粒物除尘器时应注意哪几个方面的问题？
5. 试说明生态因子作用的一般特征。
6. 在废水的好氧生物处理中，用于表征曝气设备性能的主要指标有哪些？并作
简要说明。
7. 为什么说固体废物的焚烧技术是一种可同时实现废物无害化、减量化和资源化的
技术？
8. 在废水生物处理过程中，通常有两种剩余污泥排放方式：第I种为传统排泥方
式，第II种为劳伦斯-麦卡蒂推荐的排泥方式，也称为完全混合式活性污泥排放方式，如图1所示。请据图分别写出排泥方式I和排泥方式II的污泥龄表达式。
图1 活性污泥工艺的污泥排放方式。
注：图中各参数的物理意义分别为：Q-流量，S指底物浓度，V-反应器体积，X-污泥浓度，R-回流比；下标的意义：a-反应器内，e-出水，r-污泥泥水混合物回流；Q w-剩余污泥泥水混合物排放量，S0-进水底物浓度。
四、论述题（下面5题中，请任选4题作答，每题12分。共48分）
1. 试阐述废水生物除磷的生化机制。若需在同一工艺中实现生物脱氮与除磷，请设
计一个工艺流程，并阐明影响脱氮除磷效率的主要因素及调控对策。
2. 请阐述光化学烟雾污染产生的原因、主要控制途径，其控制策略制定中应考
虑的主要问题。
3. 什么是可持续发展？它包括哪些内涵？怎样理解可持续发展是人类唯一的选择？
在贯彻实施可持续发展战略的过程中应坚持哪些基本原则？
4. 固体废物在焚烧过程中所产生的二次污染物主要包括哪些物质？应如何进行防
治？
5. 请阐述生态系统受损的主要形式和受损生态系统的主要特征？
Section Ⅰ Use of English 2012年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New York Times, June, 30th , 2011的“Ethics, Politics and the Law”一文。选材回归了2000年完型曾出过的法律类文章，而且和当年一样，也是包含几个小段落，不像以往的文章，三段或者四段论，脉络比较清晰，结构容易把握。而且，较去年比较“平易近人”的文章，这篇法律类文章背后有一定的背景知识，比较关注时事或者对这一块儿有所了解的同学，会相应得心应手一些。另外，20道题目中，多达13题都是在考查动词，虽然选项中基本不存在干扰项，除了15题一道考查两词的辨析之外，其他的选项含义都差别甚远，按理说值得高兴。但是这些考查动词的题目中，许多都考查对于熟词僻义的掌握情况，往年就是08年出现了3处，今年也出现3处。仅有2道题考查逻辑词，而且这两道题是送分题，不需要考虑太多。一向是命题人偏爱的以“able”作后缀的形容词依然出现(19题)。下面就真题作一个详细解析。 和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助同学们理解全文探讨的话题：美国高等法庭司法官的伦理道德问题。 题1选B。maintain. 此空有赖于对后文的理解。这直接体现了我们作完型的整体思路，也就是首先通读全文。尤其是看到最后一段直接给出提议：希望法官和政治划清界限从而保证自己的权威性，因此全文的导向和逻辑就非常清晰了。同时，题2答案(when)也顺势而出：如果法官们和政治家一样，法庭就不能捍卫自己作为法律卫道士的权威。 题2选A。这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。” 题3选择 weakened。上下文语义题+词义辨析。选项含义差别较大，要求对上下文逻辑关系掌握清楚。Yet表示一个转折：“即使这样，还是有很多法官这样做，损害了法庭独立和公正的名声。” 本题如果能把导向把握准，即可定位在B和D两项，D项eliminated 过于绝对，排除。 题4 选 D. accepted。上下文语义。依然是通过上下文逻辑关系，按段精度解题。这段用两个法官参与政治事件的例子说明他们的行为使得法院的裁决不偏不倚而被认可变得不太可能。A选项challenged 和C项suspected意义相反，和主旨矛盾，即肯定了法官参与政治行为。B项compromised “调停” 和主题无关。 题5 选C。上下文语义题。本段属于总分形式。首先提出法官参与政治导致的问题，然后分析问题的原因：“这种情况有一部分是由于法官们不受伦理道德准则的约束。” 其他三项不合逻辑，均不具干扰性。 题 6 选B。完型填空在历史上对于subject这个词一向情有独钟。04年，05年，08年以及10年选项中都出现，只有05年落选。而且这3年考查的意思都一致，即“易遭受……”，考查形式有“is subjected to”，“is subject to” 以及“subject sb. to sth。(使得某人容易遭受)”。今年依然是“subject”入选，但是这次取了大家最熟悉的意思，即“使服从，受…管制”，“法院应该依行为准则办事”。至于选项 A resistant 和 C immune 两个选项和subject 这三个词在04年的第8道题也同时出现。“Be immune to”指“对…免疫，不起作用”。可见很多时候命题人不总以内容为基础来设置干扰选项，也提醒大家要重视对于历年真题的复习。
2012年硕士研究生招生复试内容及评分方案 复试程序： 1.考生凭复试通知书报到，领取复试流程表； 2.进行复试资格审查：应届生须持学生证、身份证、准考证、本科阶段成绩单的原件及所有复印件；往届考生须持毕业证、学位证、身份证、准考证原件及复印件接受审查，并收取所有复印件； 3.通过复试的考生发放《体检表》并通知考生体检地点：校医院； 4.双向选择，确定导师； 5.对通过体检拟录取的考生发放以下材料： （1）政审表 （2）考生人事档案调档函（不含委培和定向考生） （3）协议书 6.各专业复试时间及地点： 0832食品科学与工程一级学科（含食品科学，粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程，食品质量与安全，农产品、水产品加工与贮藏工程，食品工程专业共6个专业）：3月26日上午8:00到院办报到，8：30到13号楼东糖厅进行笔试； 0822轻工技术与工程一级学科（含制糖工程，淀粉资源科学与工程，制糖工程专业学位共3
个专业）：3月27日上午8：00到院办报到，8：30到13号楼东糖厅进行笔试； 0822轻工技术与工程一级学科（含制浆造纸工程专业）：3月28日上午8;00到院办13号楼111室报到，9:00到造纸楼7楼会议室进行笔试。 复试方式： 1.专业课笔试（按2012硕士招生专业目录公布的考核科目执行）； 2.进行英语听力和口语面试（10％）； 3.进行专业知识与综合素质面试； 录取原则： 1.本着公平、公开、公正的原则进行研究生录取工作，并严格遵守学校招生办公室制定的硕士研究生录取的原则和要求。 2.对通过全国统一考试考入我院的研究生，严格按各专业学生的初试和复试加权总成绩排名顺序从高分到低分确定全日制硕士研究生录取名单以及奖学金资助名额。 3.复试不及格（小于60分）者，不录取。 4.录取总成绩＝初试总分×50％＋复试成绩×50％×5。 5.按照食品科学与工程一级学科（含食品科学，粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程，食品质量与安全，农产品、水产品加工与贮藏工程专业共5个专业）、轻工技术与工程一级学科（含制糖工程，淀粉资源科学与工程共2个专业）组织面试，按录取总成绩从高到低分一级学科录取考生，确定拟录取名单后，“双向选择”导师。 6.实施差额复试，食品科学与工程一级学科（含食品科学，粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程，食品质量与安全，农产品、水产品加工与贮藏工程，食品工程专业共6个专业）比例为130%（不含推免生）；轻工技术与工程一级学科（含制糖工程，淀粉资源科学与工程，制糖工程专业学位共3个专业）比例为110%（不含推免生）。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室—杨凤芝 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as im partial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust. The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by maki ng themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law. 1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless
2012年考研英语完形填空 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. Thecourt cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor beingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activitymakes itless likely that the court’s de cisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part ofthe problem is thatthe justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to thecode of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court andpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompoliti cs.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpower andhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfro mpoliticsprecisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16 _isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_ tothecode of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。 His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。 GI .joe had a career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyleportrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles wereor what towns were captured or liberated, His reportsthe “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both menthe dirt and exhaustion of war, the of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,the most important person in their lives。 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making them selves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless
华南理工大学2012年硕士研究生复试基本分数线 来源：考试大 2012年3月8日【考试大：中国教育考试第一门户】 华南理工大学2012年硕士研究生最低复试分数线 (一)参加全国统考及联考的考生 类型报考学科门类（专业）政治外语业务一业务二总分 学术型01哲学50 45 90 90 320 02经济学55 55 90 90 350 03法学（不含马克思主义理论）50 50 90 90 335 0305马克思主义理论50 45 90 90 320 04教育学（不含体育学）60 60 180 —315 0403体育学50 45 200 315 05文学60 60 90 90 355 07理学50 50 85 85 315 08工学50 50 85 85 330 12管理学55 55 90 90 350 13艺术学40 30 85 85 295 专业学位0251金融硕士55 55 90 90 350 0351法律硕士50 50 80 80 315 0551艺术硕士40 30 85 85 295 0552翻译硕士60 60 90 90 355 0851建筑学硕士50 50 90 90 330 0852工程硕士（不含软件工程）50 50 85 85 330 085212软件工程采用教育部一区工程硕士线 0953风景园林硕士50 50 90 90 330 1253会计硕士—50 105 —190 1251工商管理硕士 1252公共管理硕士 1256工程管理硕士 —50 105 —178 (二)参加全国统考、面向行业委托培养的考生 030105民商法学(知识产权方向)：总分310，单科不限。 (三)参加单独考试的考生 08工学：总分290，单科不限; 12管理学：总分300，单科不限; (四)强军计划考生：总分240，单科不限。 (五)参加全国统考，满足以下条件之一，一门单科成绩低于所在类型要求5分以内者可参加复试： 1.数学一、二、三成绩在135分以上; 2.我校自命题专业科目成绩在135分以上，且在该科目排名前10%(或排名第一); 3.报考07理学、08工学，总分370分以上且业务课一、业务课二均在120分以上。 (六)参加全国统考，报考0301法学专业，成绩满足法律硕士(法学)要求，报考07理学、08工学专业，成绩满足软件硕士要求，可申请参加相关专业学位复试。
2012年考研英语(二)真题试题及答案 Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 . Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust. The justices must 18 doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct. That would make ruling more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20 , convincing as law. 1. [A] emphasize [B] maintain [C] modify [D] recognize 2. [A] when [B] lest [C] before [D] unless 3. [A] restored [B] weakened [C] established [D] eliminated 4. [A] challenged [B] compromised [C] suspected [D] accepted 5. [A] advanced [B] caught [C] bound [D] founded 6. [A] resistant [B] subject [C] immune [D] prone 7. [A] resorts [B] sticks [C] loads [D] applies 8. [A] evade [B] raise [C] deny [D] settle 9. [A] line [B] barrier [C] similarity [D] conflict 10. [A] by [B] as [C] though [D] towards 11. [A] so [B] since [C] provided [D] though 12. [A] serve [B] satisfy [C] upset [D] replace 13. [A] confirm [B] express [C] cultivate [D] offer 14. [A] guarded [B] followed [C] studied [D] tied 15. [A] concepts [B] theories [C] divisions [D] conceptions 16. [A] excludes [B] questions [C] shapes [D] controls
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。 2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。 3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。 4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。 5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。所以选C。 6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。 7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。选C。 8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。 9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。根据句意只能选never，B。 11.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI .Joe有_ _ 的军旅生涯，曾和德国，美国以及韩国的军队作战。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。 12.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他身上体现着美国人的某些特色，或身上结合了美国人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多美国人的典型特色，因而选B。 13.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle _ _ 的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对Ernie Pyle的介绍，可知为一战地记者(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。