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句子成分(1)

句子成分(1)
句子成分(1)

句子成分

?主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object表语predicative

?宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive

1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday

↓↓

㈠主语

主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。

?Jane is good at playing the piano.

?She went out in a hurry.

?Four plus four is eight.

?To see is to believe.

?Smoking is bad for health.

?The young should respect the old.

?What he has said is true.

㈡谓语谓语: 简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成, 一般在主语之后。

?I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

?He looked after two orphans.

?复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;

?He can speak English well.

?She has finished the homework.

(三)宾语

宾语:动作的接受者,一般在谓语后面或介词后面。

●I like my job.

●We are interested in English.

He wanted to leave here.

●They enjoyed playing computer games.

●He asked where he was.

?宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.

?He gave me some books.

↓↓

●Please pass me the book.

●He bought me some flowers.

(四)宾语补足语

?宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。

?I found the book interesting.

?Do you hear Tom singing?

?He made himself understood.

?She asked me to lend her a hand.

?Please make yourself at home.

?Please keep the dog out.

?We must keep it a secret.

(五)定语

?He is a clever boy.

?They are building a stone bridge.

?There are 54 students in our class.

?Do you known Betty’s sister?

?He bought some sleeping pills.

?There is a sleeping baby in bed.

?His spoken language is good.

?I met a friend on my way home.

(六)状语

?用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.

?I will be back in a while.

?They are playing on the playground.

?He was late because he got up late.

?He got up so late that he missed the train.

(七)表语

?在系动词后的部分就是表语

?常见的系动词有:

?Be动词(am, is, are)

?感官系动词feel, smell, sound, taste, look

?变化系动词become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come

?状态系动词seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.

?The war was over.

?They seem to know the truth.

?Time is precious.

?I’m not quite myself today.

?Who was the first?

?He is out of condition.

?The book is what I need.

?The apple tastes good.

八、同位语

同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”)

We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”)

五大基本句型

?一: SV(主+谓) 二: SVP(主+系+表)

?三: SVO(主+谓+宾) 四: SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

?五: SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。如: We come.

1. The sun rose.

2. Who cares?

3. What he said does not matter.

4. They talked for half an hour.

5. The pen writes smoothly

基本句型二:S│V(是系动词)│P(表语)

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

2. The dinner smells good.

3. Everything looks different.

4. He is growing tall and strong.

5. Our well has gone dry.

6. His face turned red.

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型的特点是:谓语动词都是及物动词,必须

跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。

S│V(及物动词)│O(宾语)

1. Who│knows│the answer?

2. He │has refused│to help them.

3. He│enjoys│reading.

4. He│said│“Good morning.”

5. He│admits│that he was mistaken.

基本句型四:SVoO

(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.

give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个

指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。

--Give me a cup of tea please.

--Give a cup of tea to me please.

give sb sth= give sth to sb

S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1. She ordered herself a new dress.

2. He brought you a dictionary.

3. I showed him my pictures.

4. I told him that the bus was late.

5. He showed me how to run the machine.

基本句型五:SVOC

(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。作宾语补足宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。

The war made him a soldier. 名词

New methods make the job easy.形容词

I often find him at work.介词短语

The teacher ask the students to close

the windows.动词不定式

I saw a cat running across the road.动名词

Exercises:分析句子结构

?You are a student.

?He felt happy today.

?What you said made me happy.

?Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?

?After he finished his homework, he went away.

?He likes pop music.

一) 挑出下列句中的宾语

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want

to go swimming, how about you?

⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

(二) 挑出下列句中的表语

-- The old man was feeling very tired.

-- The leaves have turned yellow.

-- Soon they all became interested in the subject.

(三) 挑出下列句中的定语

1. What is your given name?

2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

(五) 挑出下列句中的状语

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

句子结构与成分易错大盘点

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1句子成分

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英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句) 01词法(微观遣词) 1.实词:有实际意义的词。 名词n.:表事物名称 动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。 vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.:修饰n. 副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.:代替n. 数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词) 2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.:在n.前,限定n. 感叹词int.:表达感叹 02句法(宏观造句) 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句 6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语

次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语 主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing(动名词) is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English! I can(情态动词)do it! I don’t(助动词)know! H e is(系动词)asleep. 宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china(名词) H ow many do you need——we need two(数词) I enjoy working with you(动名词) I hope to see you again(不定式) D id you write downwhat he said(句子) U nder the snow(介宾短语),there are many rocks. H e gave me(间接宾语)a book(直接宾语) yesterday 表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it(代词) F ive and five is ten(数词) H e is asleep(形容词) T his picture is on the wall(介词短语) M y watch is missing/lost (形容词化的分词) T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come(句子) 语法精讲3 定语:用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree

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