句子成分(1)

句子成分

•主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object表语predicative

•宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive

1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday

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㈠主语

主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。

•Jane is good at playing the piano.

•She went out in a hurry.

•Four plus four is eight.

•To see is to believe.

•Smoking is bad for health.

•The young should respect the old.

•What he has said is true.

㈡谓语谓语: 简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成, 一般在主语之后。

•I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

•He looked after two orphans.

•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;

•He can speak English well.

•She has finished the homework.

（三）宾语

宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面或介词后面。

●I like my job.

●We are interested in English.

He wanted to leave here.

●They enjoyed playing computer games.

●He asked where he was.

•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.

•He gave me some books.

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●Please pass me the book.

●He bought me some flowers.

(四)宾语补足语

•宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。

•I found the book interesting.

•Do you hear Tom singing?

•He made himself understood.

•She asked me to lend her a hand.

•Please make yourself at home.

•Please keep the dog out.

•We must keep it a secret.

(五)定语

•He is a clever boy.

•They are building a stone bridge.

•There are 54 students in our class.

•Do you known Betty’s sister?

•He bought some sleeping pills.

•There is a sleeping baby in bed.

•His spoken language is good.

•I met a friend on my way home.

（六）状语

•用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.

•I will be back in a while.

•They are playing on the playground.

•He was late because he got up late.

•He got up so late that he missed the train.

（七）表语

•在系动词后的部分就是表语

•常见的系动词有:

•Be动词(am, is, are)

•感官系动词feel, smell, sound, taste, look

•变化系动词become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come

•状态系动词seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.

•The war was over.

•They seem to know the truth.

•Time is precious.

•I’m not quite myself today.

•Who was the first?

•He is out of condition.

•The book is what I need.

•The apple tastes good.

八、同位语

同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”)

We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”)

五大基本句型

•一: ＳＶ(主＋谓) 二: ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)

•三: ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾) 四: ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)

•五: ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)

基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)