“湘益”牌茯砖茶真菌的分离及鉴定研究
摘要:采用平板梯度稀释法对金湘益特制礼品茯砖茶中真菌进行了分离纯化和计数,获得2301?2401?3302?4304?5402等5种类型真菌,其中5402为优势菌,每克茶样中含量达4.98×106个,其余为非优势菌,数目相对较少?运用18S rDNA片段序列进行同源比对,结合形态学鉴定方法对其进行鉴定,表明菌株2301为产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum)?2401为产黄青霉(P. chrysogenum)?3302 为青霉(Penicillium sp.)?4304 为酱油曲霉(Aspergillus sojae)?5402 为蜡叶散囊菌(Eurotium herbariorum)?
关键词:“湘益”牌茯砖茶;真菌分离;18S rDNA同源比对;形态学特征;菌种鉴定A Preliminary Research on Separation and Identification of the Fungi form XIANG-YI Fuzhuan Tea
Abstract: The fungi on XIANG-YI Fuzhuan tea were separated and purified through gradient dilution method, and then identified based on morphological characteristics and the result of sequences alignment of 18S rDNA. Five strains,2301, 2401, 3302, 4304 and 5402, were obtained. Among those 5402 was the dominant bacteria, as its density reached 4.98×106 ind/g of dried tea. 2301, 2401, 3302, 4304 and 5402 were identified as Penicillium purpurogenum, P. chrysogenum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sojae and Eurotium herbariorum respectively.
Key words: XIANG-YI Fuzhuan tea; separation of fungi; sequences alignment of 18S rDNA; morphological characteristics; identification of fungi
茯砖茶,是古老茶类黑茶中的高档品种,据《明史·茶法》记载,早在明嘉靖三年即公元1524年前,茯砖茶就被规定为运往西北供少数民族所需的官茶?茯砖茶与绿茶?红茶比较,绿茶属非发酵茶,红茶属半发酵茶,而茯砖茶属于完全发酵茶,其加工工艺独特,独具菌花香[1,2]?传统的特制茯砖茶已有500年的生产历史;茯砖茶呈金黄色颗粒(俗称“金花”),经中外科学家分析鉴定,具有极强地分解油腻?消食?调节人体脂肪代谢的功能,特别适应于饮食结构中以奶肉类为主的人们饮用[3]?
湖南省益阳茶厂有限公司生产的“湘益”牌系列产品质量稳定可靠?品质优良,在国内同行业中处于领先地位?“湘益”牌系列茯砖茶是具有浓郁地方特色的黑茶种类之一,是选用优质茶叶为原料,经科学配方?精制加工而成?其外形整齐如砖片,内质金花普茂,菌香浓郁,开汤后汤色红浓?滋味醇厚?香气纯正,具有消食健胃的显著效果,深受新疆?青海?甘肃?西藏等省?自治区广大消费者的喜爱?为促进“湘益”牌系列茯砖茶发酵关键技术的突破,本研究选用金湘益(“湘益”牌系列产品之一)特制礼品茯砖茶就其微生物种类进行鉴定研究,以期为益阳黑茶发酵关键技术控制奠定坚实的基础?
1材料与方法