初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词
【复习要点】
一、形容词的基本用法：
形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的，在句中可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
⑴用作前置定语，即放在名词前修饰该名词。例如：China is a great country with
a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
⑵用作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代词或形容词短语修饰名词时，需要后置。例如：He has something important to tell you.他有重要的事告诉你。She is a girl good at singing. 她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。
⑶用作表语。例如：It was rainy yesterday, but today it is sunny. 昨天下雨，今天天晴。Your mother seems angry. 你母亲看上去生气了。The milk in the glass has gone bad. 玻璃杯里的牛奶发臭了。The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
注意：
有一些形容词在句中只能用作表语，我们称之为“表语形容词”。初中英语中常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alive, alone, asleep, glad, ill (生病的), ready, sorry, sure, unable, well (健康的)等。例如：I’m sorry not to have been ready for the party. 很抱歉，晚会我还没有准备好。The children were asleep just now, but now they’re awake.孩子们刚才在睡觉，现在醒了。They were unable to help us. 他们没法帮助我们。
⑷用作宾语补足语。例如：The news made her happy. 那个消息使她很开心。Who left the door open? 是谁没把门关上？
二、名词化的形容词：
“the＋形容词”具有名词的功能，泛指一类人或抽象事物。用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。可以这样用的形容词有：blind, dead, old, poor, rich, young等。例如：The young are the hope of the country. 年轻人是国家的希望。The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并不总是快乐。三、形容词的比较等级：
1. 比较等级的构成：
形容词比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级三种。比较级和最高级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化由“原级＋-er”构成比较级、“原级＋-est”构成最高级，如：small – smaller – smallest；
形容词比较级的构成规则：
①.单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀–er和–est构成比较级和最高级。如：long →longer→longest
②.原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st；如：large →larger→largest
③.原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i，再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级；如：busy →busier→busiest
④.原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如：big→bigger→ biggest
⑤.多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：useful →more useful →most useful difficult→more difficult→most difficult ⑥.比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下表：
说明：
⑴farther / farthest和further / furthest作为形容词都可以指距离。例如：The village was father / further than the bridge. 那个村子比那座桥更远。What is the farthest / furthest place you’ve ever been to?你最远去过哪里？
further可以用来修饰抽象名词，表示“进一步的；更多的”。例如：a college of further education 继续教育学院；进修学院He will need further help. 他将需要进一步的帮助。
⑵ elder / eldest只用于人，表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼（排行）。elder指“（年纪）较大的”，eldest指“（年纪）最大的”。elder不与than连用。例如：He is my elder brother. 他是我的哥哥。（比较：my younger brother 我的弟弟）She is my eldest daughter. 她是我的长女。（比较：my youngest daughter 我最小的女儿）
2. 比较等级的基本用法：
形容词和副词都有比较等级的用法，以下内容含有对副词比较等级的介绍。
⑴原级用于两者之间进行平级比较，其结构是“A is as…as B.”，意思是“A和B一样…”。例如：Mary is as tall as her sister. 玛丽和她姐姐个子一样高。He can speaks English as well as an Englishman. 他英语说得跟英国人一样好。She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读速度比他快一倍。
该结构的否定式为“A is not as / so…as B.”，意思是“A不如B那样……”。not as…多用于口语，not so… 多用于书面语。例如：This room is not as bright as that one. 这间房间没有那间房间亮。It is not so hot today as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天热。He doesn’t work as hard as me. (= … as hard as I do.)他工作不及我努力。
⑵比较级用于两者之间进行比较并且其中一者在程度上超过另一者，其结构是“A is -er than B.”，意思是“A比B更……”。例如：The sun is bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大。My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。The houses here are higher than the ones over there. 这边的楼房比那边的楼房高。
⑶最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较并且其中一者程度最甚，其结构是“A is the -est of / in….”，意思是“A在其中最……”。形容词最高级前要用定冠词the。例如：The earth is bigger than the moon. The sun is bigger than the earth. So it is the biggest of the three. 地球比月亮大，太阳比地球大，所以太阳是三者中最大的。This building is the tallest in the city.这座大楼全市最高。Tom works hardest in his class. 汤姆在班上学习最努力。
注意：
最高级的比较范围如果是所在群体内的成员，就用of引出；如果是群体所在地，就用in, among等词引出。请比较：This is the best picture of the three.这是三幅图画中最好的。This is the best picture in the hall. 这是大厅中最好的图画。
3. 比较级前常见修饰语总结：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，表示“……得多”或“稍……”之类的意思。
①. 比较级前可用a little, a bit, a little bit,等修饰，表示“稍微”、“一点”。如：It’s
a little colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一点。They’re a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点儿了。
②. 比较级前可用much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather等修饰，表示“……得多”。如：She’s a good deal better today. 她今天好多了。There are far more people than we expected. 人比我们预计的多得多。
注意：quite 也可修饰比较级，表示“……得多”，但该比较级通常只限于better。如：He’s quite better now. 他现在好多了。
③. 比较级前可用even, still修饰，表示“更……”。如：It was even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还要冷。The next day she got up still earlier. 第二天她起床更早些。
注意：
①.very，quite，so，too等一般不修饰比较级，而多用来修饰原级。
②.more 可以构成比较级，一定不能修饰比较级。
4．比较等级的特殊用法：
⑴“the + 比较级+ of the two （+复数名词）”表示“二者之中更……的”。例如：Of the two boys Mike is the taller one. 迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。
注意：比较级前一般不加the，但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。例如：Which is the larger country, Canada or Australian? 加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大? （区别：Which is larger, Canada or Australian?）Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。下列句型中也要加the：The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
⑵ more and more表示“越来……越……”。例如：He has become busier and busier now. 他现在（变得）越来越忙了。Computers are becoming more and more important in our work. 电脑在我们的工作中变得越来越重要。
It is raining more and more heavily now. 现在雨下得越来越大了。
⑶the mo re… the more表示“越……就越……”。例如：The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。
The more I see it, the less I like it. 那样东西我越看越不喜欢。
本结构常用省略句形式，例如：The more the better. 越多越好；多多益善。The sooner the better. 越早越好；（时间上）越快越好。
⑷“one of + the + 形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。最高级前还可以用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。One of the most important languages is English.最重要的语言之一是英语。
5. 比较结构的同义转换：
⑴. 原级与比较级之间的转换：
①. 英语的几种倍数表达方法:
A. 表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+ the size（length，amount…）of…”结构组成。例如：The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon. 地球是月亮的49倍大。
B. 表示“……比……大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级”结构组成。例如：This box is three times bigger than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。
C. 表示“……是……倍”，由“倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as +”结构组成。例如：Our factory is twice as big as theirs. 我们的工厂是他们的三倍。I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
注意: “一倍”用once，“两倍”用twice。“三倍”用three times 其他依次类推。②.not so / as ... as与比较级之间的转换。如：Miss Zhang isn't so old as Miss Wang. →Miss Wang is older than Miss Zhang. / Miss Zhang is younger than Miss Wang.
⑵. 最高级与比较级之间的转换：
①.最高级与比较级+ than any other +名词单数之间的转换。如：Wei Hua is the tallest boy in his class. →Wei Hua is taller than any other boy in his class. / Wei Hua is taller than the other boys in his class. ②.最高级与比较级+than any of the other + 名词复数/ than the other two之间的转换。如：Robert is the best student in the school. →Robert is better than any of the other students in the school.
注意：比较级是同类别之间进行比较，不同类之间不可以比较：
The weather here is much colder than Beijing. (F) The weather here is much colder than that in Beijing. (T)
The people in China are more friendly than those in America.
Tom has shorter hair than Jim. =Tom’s hair is shorter than Jim’s.
6. 多个形容词作定语时的位置:
“冠代数形大，新色国材名”。意思是“冠词、代词、数词放在前面，而形容词又根据大小、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料的顺序依次排列修饰名词”。例如：A small round table一张小圆桌 A tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物A dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院
【考题分析】
1．—In our English study，reading is more important than speaking, I think.— I don’t agree. Speaking is __ reading.
A. as important as
B. so important as
C. the most important
D. the same as
分析：根据原题的上下文，要求表达“和……一样重要”的意思。as… as结构一般用于肯定句，(not) so… as结构一般用于否定句。答案：A
2．— Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? — Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but__ this.
A. a better, better than
B. a worse, as good as
C. a cheaper, as good as
D. a more important, not as good as
分析：第一个空格后有than这个词，说明要用比较级。第二个空格后没有than，对照答案选项，可以看出不用比较级。另外再从句意上去考虑，不可能买“更糟糕的（worse）”衣服，而应是“更便宜的（cheaper）”衣服。答案：C 3．Remember this, children._____ careful you are, _____ mistakes you will make.
A. The more, more
B. The fewer, the more
C. The more, the fewer
D. The less, the less
分析：本题考点较多：首先是the more… the more结构；根据题意，第一个空格应是副词，可考虑选填The more。其次，要注意和可数名词mistakes正确搭配的那个词，可在the more和the less之间选择。第三，要注意句子前后的语义关系。答案：C
4．That is an __ book, but I don’t know why the boy was not ___ in it.(interest) 分析：英语动词的现在分词和过去分词可以用作形容词。一般来说，现在分词作形容词具有主动意义，可用于人或物；过去分词作形容词具有被动意义，通常用于人。请比较：
amazing令人惊愕的—amazed感到惊奇的
exciting令人激动的—excited 激动的
interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的
pleasing (=pleasant)令人愉快的—pleased 高兴的
surprising 使人惊奇的—surprised 吃惊的
worrying 使人焦虑的—worried 焦虑的本题中，book应当是“令人感兴趣的”，而the boy则应对其“感兴趣”。答案：interesting interested
【巩固练习】
一、选择填空：
1.The story sounds ______.
A. to be true
B. as true
C. being true
D. true
2.These oranges taste ______.
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
3.—Mum, I think I’ m ______ to go to school.
—Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
4.He told us ______ story that we all forgot about the time.
A. such an interesting
B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting
D. a so interesting
5.It is impossible for so ______ workers to do so ______ work in one day.
A. few, much
B. few, many
C. little, much
D. little, many
6.— Lucy, do you have a ruler?
—Yes, I do. But it’s ______.
A. very small one
B. an only small ruler
C. quite small ruler
D. only a small one
7.______ food you have cooked!
A. How a nice
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. What nice
8.They all looked ______ at the master and felt quite ______.
A. sad, sad
B. sadly, sad
C. sad, sadly
D. sadly, sadly
9.He’d like to sleep with the window ______ at night.
A. open wide
B. open widely C wide open D. opened wide
10.The little boy looks ______.
A. lovely
B. carefully
C. heavily
D. sadly
11.The United States, Britain, New Zealand and so on are ______ countries.
A. speaking-English
B. English-speaking
C. spoken-English
D. English-spoken
12.The trip was ______ and everyone was ______ with it.
A. pleasant, pleased
B. pleased, pleasant
C. pleased, pleased
D. pleasant, pleasant
13.What ______ news! A. an exciting B. exciting C. an excited D. excited
14.This is a ______ story about a ______ woman teacher.
A. true, real
B. real, true
C. truly, really
D. really, true
15.Can you retell the text in ______ English? It is not ______ for you.
A. easy, hardly
B. easily, hard
C. hard, easily
D. easy, hard
16.His child broke the new glass, but h e doesn’t get ______.
A. angrily
B. angry
C. well
D. good
17.He was ______ the next morning.
A. found die
B. found dying
C. found dead
D. found death
18.Jim was just falling ______ when I came into his room quietly.
A. asleep
B. sleep
C. slept
D. slept
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c013948188.html,puters can help people do ____ work in ______ time.
A. many, few
B. much, little
C. more, more
D. more, less
20.What a ______ cough! You seem ______ ill.
A. terrible, terribly
B. terribly, terrible
C. terrible, terrible
D. terribly, terribly
21.This kind of cake looks ______ and smells ______.
A. good, good
B. good, well
C. well, well
D. well, good
22.Did you notice the ___ boy at the back of the classroom?
A. asleep
B. sleepy
C. sleep
D. sleeps
23.There’s ______ with your mother. Don’t worry.
A. something serious
B. anything serious
C. nothing serious
D. serious nothing
24.The teacher found him ___ boy.
A. clever
B. was a clever
C. a clever
D. is a clever
25.Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is ______ city.
A. so a beautiful
B. very beautiful
C. such beautiful a
D. quite a beautiful
26.We find it __ to do some reading every day.
A. easily B be enjoyable C. helpful D. interested
27.Lucy said she hadn’t heard ______ music before.
A. such a beautiful piece of
B. a beautiful
C. so beautiful
D. such a wonderful
28.The boy wasn’t ______ at English, but now he does ______ in it.
A. good, good
B. well, better
C. better, well
D. good, better 29.______ children there are in a family, ______ their life will be.
A. The less, the better
B. The fewer, the better
C. Fewer, richer
D. More, poorer
30.Now China had joined WTO, so I think English is ______ useful than before.
A. more
B. most
C. much
D. many
二、下列各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正：
1.He saved a six-years-old boy from the river yesterday. ______________
2.Could I ask for leave? I want to visit an ill aunt in a hospital. ______________
3.This question is very important than that one. ______________
4.He is my older brother. ______________
5.The here fresh water is very good. ______________
6.The boys in Class One are good at playing football than those in Class Two.
______________
7.He is luckily enough to get the ticket for the football match. ______________
8.We’ll never forget the pleased trip to Beijing.______________
9.The little boy looks sadly. ______________
10.Please tell the children to be careful in crossing a full of traffic street.
______________
三、同义句转换（含副词练习）：
1.Liu Ying does well in physics.
Liu Ying __________ __________ __________ physics.
2.John ran faster than Jeff in the 100-meter race.
Jeff ran __________ __________ __________ John in the 100-meter race.
3.Alice was born in 1990 and so was Linda.
Alice is _________ _________ _________ Linda. They were both born in 1990.
4.Maria sings best of the girls in her class.
Maria sings _________ _________ _________ ________ ________ in her class.
5.The door is too narrow for the fatty to go through.
The door __________ __________ __________ for the fatty to go through.
6.The Changjiang River is the longest in China.
__________ river in China is __________ __________ the Changjiang River.
7.I think football is more exciting than basketball.
I think basketball is __________ __________ __________ football.
I __________ think basketball is __________ __________ __________ football.
8.If you work harder, you’ll get higher scores.
__________ __________ you work，__________ __________ scores you’ll get.参考答案：
一、1—5 DACAA 6—10 DDBCA 11—15 BABAD 16—20 BCADA 21—25 ABCCD 26—30 CADBA
二、1. six-years-old → six-year-old 2. ill → sick 3. very → more 4. older →
elder 5. The here fresh water → The fresh water here 6. good → better7.
luckily → lucky8. pleased → pleasant9. sadly → sad10. a full of traffic street → a street full of traffic
三、1. is good at 2. less fast than 3. as old as 4. better than any other girl 5. isn’t
wide enough 6. No, longer than 7. less exciting than; don’t, as / so, exciting as 8. The harder, the higher
一、选择填空( ) 1. ________ it was early, she turned off the radio and went to bed. A. Because B. Though C. Since D. As ( ) 2. Which shirt is more expensive, the white one ________ the green one? A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 3. Work hard, ________ you’ll learn English well. A. and B. but C. for D. or ( ) 4. You may go ________ you clean the classroom. A. before B. because C. as soon as D. after ( ) 5. He is a teacher ________ I am a farmer. A. or B. so C. but D. while ( ) 6. I like autumn ________ I can have a lot of fruit. A. but B. if C. though D. because ( ) 7. ________ Jim ________ Kate has come. I don’t know when they will come. A. Both…and B. Not only….but also C. Neither….nor D. either…or ( ) 8. He’s at home these days. You may come ________ today ________ tomorrow. A. either…or B. both….and C. not only…but also D. neither…nor ( ) 9. My grandma is old ________ strong. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 10. The boy is clever, ________, he often makes mistakes. A. and B. however C. when D. or ( ) 11. You’d better put on more clothes, ________ it’s very cold outside. A. for B. and C. because of D. or ( ) 12. ________ I went into the classroom,, the students were talking about the film. A. While B. After C. When D. Before ( ) 13. We’ll go back to the fields ________ the snow stops. A. as soon as B. because C. but D. and ( ) 14. The plane flew so high ________ it looked very small. A. that B. why C. whether D. / ( ) 15. I didn’t get up ________ Father came back from the factory. A. when B. until C. while D. because ( ) 16. I don’t know ________ or not we’ll have an exam tomorrow. A. if B. when C. whether D. that if ( ) 17. Please speak loudly ________ I can hear a little better. A. though B. so that C. that D. while ( ) 18. Please speak loudly ________ I can hear a little better. A. though B. so that C. such that D. as ( ) 19. Ring me up ________ you come to my house. A. though B. as C. before D. than ( ) 20. More people came ________ I expected. A. as if B. so that C. since D. than ( ) 21. You must do ________ I told you. A. after B. before C. where D. as ( ) 22. Class One is ________ large ________ Class Two. A. so, that B. as, as C. such, that D. so, as ( ) 23. They will be thankful for ________ you have done. A. what B. that C. which D. who ( ) 24. I will write to you ________ I get there. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since ( ) 25. ________ he is old, he can walk very fast. A. If B. Although C. Since D. Because ( ) 26. We’ll go to visit the Great Wall ________ it rains tomorrow. A. since B. as soon as
2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案 萧东来2013-04 初中英语语法之形容词、副词 形容词： 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的 例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握) A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真 粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.) 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time . (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)， thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)， 等常接不定式。 例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。 四、一些形容词的用法辨析： ⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) ⑵tall 与high, short 与low ： 指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。 如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
一、选择题 1．I drank a large cup of coffee yesterday evening, and it kept me ______ all night. A．intelligent B．patient C．absent D．awake 2．China is ________ country in the world. A．the third largest B．the largest third C．the third large D．a third largest 3．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 4．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 5．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful 6．Choice is life’s ________ gift. It is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal. A．greater B．greatest C．the greatest 7．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 8．—Let’s go to Wanda Movie Theater? It has a large screen. —But it is _____________ of all the cinemas in Jinan. A．expensive B．more expensive C．most expensive D．the most expensive 9．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 10．Mr. Black’s memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A．older B．poorer C．greater D．better 11．The sky in Zhengzhou these days is even , so we don’t have to wear the masks. A．more clearly B．more clearlier C．fresher D．more fresher 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．—More and more cities in China begin to build subways! —That’s right! It will make our lives than before. A．the busiest B．busier C．the easiest D．easier 14．— How was your job interview yesterday? —Oh, I couldn’t feel ______.I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A．worse B．easier C．better D．happier 15．you speak,_ your English will be. A．The less; the more B．The more; the better
初中英语语法专题讲座——冠词 【复习要点】 英语的冠词分为三种：不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）。 一、不定冠词： 英语中不定冠词有两个：a, an。a用于以辅音音素开头的词前，例如：a room, a red apple, a useful book；an用于元音音素开头的词前，例如：an egg, an old man, an hour。 1、不定冠词的基本用法： 不定冠词主要用于泛指和类指，有时也用于特指（如以下第⑵条）。 ⑴、表示“一个（one）；每一个（each）”，例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张餐桌和四张椅子。He comes to visit me twice a year. 他每年来看我两次。 a和one有时可以互换，例如：There were nearly a / one hundred people at the meeting.有将近100人参加了会议。 但是，在一些习惯用语中，a和one是不可互换的。例如：once upon a time（从前）和one day（有一天）这两个短语中的a, one就不能互换；an hour or two 和one or two hours （一两个小时）这两个短语中的an, one也不能互换。 请注意： a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。 例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是两台） ⑵、表示“某一个（a certain）”，例如：She went to buy a dictionary. 他去买了一本词典。（没有买别的东西）We used to live in a small house. 我们曾经住在一间小屋子里。 ⑶、表示一类中的任何一个，通常不必译成中文。例如：A horse is an animal. (= Horses are animals. / The horse is an animal.) 马是一种动物。 提示：表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法： The dog is a faithful animal.（用定冠词）A dog is a faithful animal.（用不定冠词） Dogs are faithful animals. （用复数形式，不加定冠词） 2 、不定冠词的特别用法： 用在序数词前，表示“再一次，又一个”。例如：You’ll have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。I don’t think we’ll need a third person. 我认为我们不再需要第三个人了。 二、定冠词： 定冠词只有一个：the其发音是：在元音音素前读/eI/，在辅音音素前读/e? /。 1、定冠词的基本用法：一般情况下，定冠词主要用于特指和类指，例如： ⑴表示前面提到过的人或物，例如：There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房间里有一把椅子，椅子上坐着一位老人。 ⑵表示谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：I don’t know the man. Is he your English teacher?我不认识那个人，他是你们的英语老师吗？
初中英语语法形容词、副词的复习教案 Brainstorm: 你能分清形容词和副词的用法和写法吗？你知道怎么使用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级吗？你知道在英语中有很多形容词词缀吗？ 一．形容词和副词的辨析 1.形容词和副词的区别 形容词：用来修饰名词 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词和副词 所以区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。 例如：Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 在这两句话中，都有lovely这个单词，但是词性却完全不同。在第一句中lovely用 来修饰girl所以是形容词，而第二句中，lovely用来修饰动词smiles，所以是副词。 2.形容词变副词的规律 a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully b.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly c.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily d.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly e.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly f.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们 注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成 “几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly） 之一。 二．形容词和副词的比较级 1.比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two. 2.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。 ①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom 和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要 同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接 的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译 为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。 ②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better. ③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。 另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了。 3.比较级的写法： ①单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter ②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner, fat-fatter ③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier,
一、选择题 1．Tom gets to school early every day, so he is ___________ late for class. A．never B．sometimes C．usually 2．Harry________ eats vegetables, although it’s good for his health. A．hardly ever B．usually C．always 3．My mother ________ at five o’clock. A．usually gets B．usually gets up C．gets up usually D．get usually up 4．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 5．Who jumped ________, Tom or Jack? A．the farthest B．furthest C．farther D．the farther 6．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 7．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 8．Being _______, the novel based upon real-life events sells ________. A．very worth being read; good B．well worth reading; good C．well worth reading; well D．very worth reading; well 9．Helen was so excited at the news that she could ________ say a word. A．ever B．almost C．hardly 10．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 11．The meeting room isn’t _______ for all the students to sit _______. A．enough big, / B．big enough, / C．large enough, in D．enough large, by 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．The old man lives ___________ ， but he doesn't feel ________ . A．lonely； alone B．alone； lonely C．alone； alone D．lonely； lonely 14．—Kitty is very good at musical instruments. —Yes, she is. She can play the guitar almost her guitar teacher. A．as better as B．as good as C．as well as D．so well as 15．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it.. A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom
一、选择题 1．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 2．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 3．一Do you think the weather will be all right for a weekend outing? 一No, unless we're . The newspaper says it'll be very hot anyway. A．lucky B．confident C．wrong D．crazy 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．— How do you come to school every day, by bus or by bike? —By bus. It’s much __________ than by bike. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact. It is a small computer that is __________ than a usual schoolbag but holds all the things for study, such as a _________，an exercise book and so on． A．much smaller, testbook B．even smaller, textbook C．far smaller, comic book 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful
一、选择题 1．We were in Qingdao last spring and _______ great fun there. A．is having B．are having C．had D．have 2．Will you go fishing if it ________ tomorrow? A．didn’t rain B．doesn’t rain C．won’t rain 3．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert. —But she ______. A．will refuse B．refused C．refuses D．has refuse 4．No noise, please. Your brother ________ his homework in the next room. A．does B．is doing C．did D．has done 5．Boys and girls, there ________an English speech competition in two weeks. A．will have B．has C．is going to be D．are going to be 6．Dick __________ in America, but he has been ___________ Chinese food since he moved to China. A．used to live; used to eating B．is used to live; used to eat C．is used to live; used to eating D．used to living; used to eat 7．My mother will be very angry with me when she out where I have been. A．finds B．found C．will find D．has found 8．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry. But I my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．would do D．am doing 9．Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know only a little about them. A．study B．studies C．has studied D．have studied 10．— Who ________the classroom tomorrow, Tony? — Our group. A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean 11．He _______ to school by bike, but now he _____ to school on foot. A．used to going, gets used to going B．used to go, gets used to go C．used to go, gets used to going 12．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ living in the city. A．used to; used to B．was used to; gets used to C．used to; is used to D．was used to; used to 13．Look at Amy. She ________ for the school bus.
初中英语语法总结--形容词 1、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 2.以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school
##教育6T教材系列 一般现在时专题 时间：年月日老师电话：一、兴趣导入 猜一猜 人的一生有三天，是哪三天？ 答案：昨天、今天、明天 二、学前测试 选择题。 ( ) 1 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( )2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 3. -Can we have some ___? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 4 Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs B. Leaves C. leaf D. leave ( )5. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours ( )6. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A.an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an ( )7. My sister is a student of ________. A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First ( )8. The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 三、知识讲解 【No. 1】一般现在时的定义及构成 1.定义：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？