Unit 1 Body language
动名词
①动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；
它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语
或状语等)构成动名词短语。
②动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all
by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning
English all by yourself.)
③动名词可以作宾语。
[A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你
的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)
[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot
to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter
to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来
向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向
后看了)
[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing
the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/
They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around
the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)
[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：
We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学
英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小
学时就开始学英语了)
④动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts
together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) / I am putting these parts together.(我正．
在．把这些部件拼起来)
⑤动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进
行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语)
/ Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and
got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分
词,作宾补)
(4)分词：包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点)
①主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作
已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
②分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A] 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰
的名词之后。如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after
the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！)
/ Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/
He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏
玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
[B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)
谓语动词(vt.) 宾语宾语补足语
keep(保持) / see(看到) /
sb./sth. (do)ing
hear(听到) / watch(注意到) /
feel(感觉到)
如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered
the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In
the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的
东西在我的脚上移动)
[C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom, holding a pile
of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要
表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给
我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
不定式
1、及物动词+疑问词+不定式：
谓语动词(vt.) +wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾
语)
[说明]
tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)
what
where
+ how + to (do)
who
which
……
不定式疑问
形式还可以
作句子的主
语、表语等。
如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the
station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她
问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎
样上网吗？)
2、不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。如：
I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易)
{词组}
1、prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
2、remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
3、consider doing sth 考虑做某事
4、notice sb doing sth 注意某人正在做某事
5、be always doing sth 总是做某事
6、spend time\money on sth\ in doing sth 花费时间、金钱做某事
7、prepare to do sth 准备做某事
高频词组
知识点1、高频考点词与词组讲解
1、avoid 回避避开后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
例句：He avoided me as much as possible.
{中考链接} Kate avoided ____________ my questions.
A.answer
B.to answer
C.answering
D.answered
考点：________________________________________________
2、spend 花费常用于spend time\money on sth 或spend time\money (in)doing sth
例句：He spent much time on his homework.
{中考链接}I_______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
A.spend
B.cost
C.take
D.pay
考点：________________________________________________
3、forget 忘记常见的有forget to do sth,意为“忘记做某事”forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”
例句：Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.
{中考链接}He forgot ________ his mother up,
A.ring
B.to bring
C.bringing
类似的动词有哪些呢？________________________________________________
4、depend on 随.....而定,依赖
例句：It depends on the weather.
{中考链接} Tom couldn’t work so he had to _________ his family
考点：________________________________________________
5、mind 介意后接动名词、代词或动名词
例句：Would you mind opening the window?
{中考链接}I mind ________ because I don’t like singing.
A.sing
B.to sing
C.singing
拓展：当mind的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时候，句中的动名词前应加物主代词，人称代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑主语。
例句：I’m sure she wouldn’t mind your going with us.
6、likely 可能的，适合的，可作定语或表语，用作表语时，可接to的动词不定式或that从句。
例句：I’m likely to be free this afternoon.
{中考链接}It __________ to rain tomorrow.
A. is likely to
B.was likely to
C.will be likely to
Unit 2 Hair care
It is adj of/for sb to do sth 这个知识点较容易会考
it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb含义及区别
一.导入:详见例子
It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.（kind 的是you）“做…说某人(of sb)怎么样(adj)”
It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.（beneficial的是do sports）“做…对某人(for sb)来说怎么样(adj)”
二.表达含义: ①“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”一般用表示人物的性格,品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.若形容词是描述逻辑主语(行为者)的性格、品质特征的形容词. 这个adj.是用来形容sb.的.
例如: It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好. It's very kind of you to look after my cat.你能照看我的猫,真
好. It’s kind of you to say so.(=You are kind to say so)
It is very rude of her to say such words.
(=She is very rude to say such words.)
It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了. It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.
②“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价,用for sb.这类形容词有:
important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的), right(正确的) likely(可能的)等.用for sb,例如:
It’s important for her to come to the party.
=It is important that she should come to the party. 对她来说来参加聚会很重要. It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.
{词组}
1、need to do sth 需要做某事
2、suggest doing sth 建议做某事
3、stop sb from doing sth 阻止某热做某事
4、offer to do sth (主动）提出做某事
5、Be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
6、insist doing sth 坚持做某事
Unit 3 Health and food 疑问词引导的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句
{教材典句}
1.Do you know where I can buy some meatless sausages?
2.People are thinking about how they can eat more healthily.
3.Do you know how long a person can live without food?
4.I’m glad you enjoyed the meal.
5.Debbie was sure Simon would like to have a salad instead of meat.
划出宾语从句，总结特点
宾语从句：1、疑问词引导的宾语从句
英语中的连接代词有who，whom,whose,which和what.这些词在宾语从句中担当一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，链接代词在从句中担当的句子成分有主语，宾语，定语和表语.
I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Please tell me what you have done.
He asked whose jacket it was.
I don’t know whose that is.
英语中的连接副词有when,where,why和how.它们和上述链接代词一样，在从句中担当一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，连接副词在从句当中担当的句子成分主要为状语.
Do you know when they’ll be back?
I want to know where she lives?
2、形容词后的宾语从句
某些形容词后面可以带有宾语从句，常用于描述感受、感想和看法.如宾语从句用that引导，that可省略.
常带有宾语从句的形容词有：afraid,happy,sorry,proud,surprised,sure,certain等
I’m glad (that) you liked the present.
Peter is excited (that) he will go to Joan’s birthday party.
Tom was sad (that) his dog was lost.
{词组}
1、ought to do sth 应该做某事
2、warn sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
3、be likely to do sth 可能做某事
4、used to do sth 过去常常做某事
Unit 4 What should I do?
【反义疑问句】
（一）概念：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
（二）要点注意：
1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”。
2、简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。
3、简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。
4、陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。
（三）用法：1) 陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I? （我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？）
2) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。如： The old man made no answer, did he?
Jim is never late for school, is he?
3) 陈述部分有情态动词
have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
4) 陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
5 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
6) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
7) think引导的宾语从句：
A.主语是第一人称
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句
He thought they were wrong, didn't he? （不能说weren't they?）
8) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you?
Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用shan't we) ?
而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you（或won't you）?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）?
9) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
10) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it? He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
{词组}
1、by accident 偶然，意外地
2、get into bad habits 染上恶习
3、make an effort to do sth 试图做某事
4、be to blame for 对（坏事）负有责任
5、look out for 堤防小心
Unit 5 Going to the theatre
It be 形容词 that 从句
It be＋形容词＋that从句
①that引导的是一个主语从句，为了避免句子看起来“头重脚轻”，从而能用it做形式主语。真正的
主语从句放在后面，其中that可以省略。
②能够用“It be＋形容词＋that从句”这一句式的常用形容词有：
interesting,possible,strange,important,true,clear,sad,impossible,surprising
③我们可以用“It be＋形容词＋that从句”来表示对某件事的看法或寻求对某件事的评价。
It’s strange that Tony doesn’t watch TV tonight.
{词组}
1、feel sorry for somebody 同情
2、in somebody’s time 在....时代
3、reach a decision 做出决定
4、keep something in mind 将....记在心中
5、catch somebody’s eye 引起某人注意惹人注目
6、treat....as....把.....看作
7、leave something behind 忘记带，丢下
Unit 6 Great minds
名词短语+动词不定式
{教材典句}
1.A decision to become a scientist
2.A way to turn rubbish into energy
3.Invitations to talk about his ideas
{语法全解}
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为：to do，即 to+动词原形，此处的to为不定式符号。动词不定式在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等多种成分。本单元，我们主要来学习不定式作定语的用法。动词不定式作定语时，常用来修饰名词或代词，放在修饰的名词或代词之后作后置定语。如本单元中的“名词短语+动词不定式”结构就属于此种情况。
1、不定式和它所修饰的词之间有动宾关系
Have you got anything to do this evening ?
I have some friends to invite
2、不定式说明它修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同位语
I have no chance to go abroad
I can’t find a way to work out this problem
3、被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
She is always the first to come to school
The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes
{注意}如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的时间、工具等，不定式后应有必要的介词。
We have a cold room to live in.
I have no chair to sit on.
{中考链接}
1、Whenever you have a chance _____ English,you should take it.
A.speak
B.to speak
C.spoke
D.speaks
2、Water Park is a good place _________
A.to have fun
B.have fun
C.having fun
D.to have a fun
疑问词+动词不定式
{教材典句}
1、He did not know to answer the question
2、Then he decided what to do
这两个句子都含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中相当一个名词的作用，常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem
I hardly know what to say before you
The question is how to start the work
{注意}1、know、show后跟和疑问词连用的动词不定式
Could you show me how to operate the computer?
2、动词不定式不能做介词的宾语，此时必须用加疑问词的动词不定式
My teacher gave me lots of valuable advice on how to make friends
{中考链接}
We don’t know ________ it next,Let’s go and ask Mr Li
A.what to do
B.to do what
C.whether to do
D.to do whether
{词组}
1、know something by heart 记住
2、pay no attention to something 不注意
3、instruct somebody in something 教授某人 ...
4、be absorbed in something 专心致志，全神贯注
5、have trouble doing something 做某事有困难
6、make up one’s mind 做出决定
Unit 7 Plants 定语从句
【关系代词引导的定语从句】
（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book is yellow?
【总结】：
一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语who which that
宾语whom／who which that
定语whose（＝of whom）whose（＝of which）
1.This is the doctor who came from London.
2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
4. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.
二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：
1．如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All that are present burst into tears.
2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。
例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this 相似。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
4．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。
例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
5．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。
例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
{词组}
1、escape from 从....中逃跑
2、in reality 实际上，事实上
3、come true 实现，成为现实
4、fit in with 与.....合得来，适应
5、date back 追溯到，始于
6、develop something into 使......发展成为
7、set foot on something 进入，去（某地）
九年级英语知识点归纳总结 Unit1 How can we become good learners? 【短语归纳】 1. have conversation with sb.同某人谈话 2. too…to… 太……而不能 3. the secret to… ……的秘诀 4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. look up 查阅 6. repeat out loud大声跟读 7. make mistakes in在……方面犯错误 8. connect ……with… 把……和……连接/联系起来 9. get bored 感到厌烦 10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的 11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠 13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力 【单元知识点】 1. by + doing ：通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式） 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多）如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如： Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 ,常用于句末。如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to :太…而不能，常用的句型：too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ②loud adv./adj. 用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。 如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不，根本不 如：I like milk very much,I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。 8. be / get excited about sth. 对…感兴奋 9. ① end up doing sth : 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词with） 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次） 11. also 也、而且，（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也（用于肯定句）常在句末（它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的 位置）。 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语） 如：Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！ 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…，乐意做… 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成
最新外研版英语九年级上册知识点总结 Module 1 Wonders of the world 短语归纳 1.wonders of the world世界奇观 natural wonders 自然奇观man-made wonders 人造奇观 2.join in参加；加入(活动) = take part in 3. I’m not sure. 我不确信 4. agree with sb. 同意某人的看法sb. agree with sth. 某人适应（食物、气候）agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree to sth.(plan /decision/suggestion) 同意/赞成agree on sth.( plan/ ) 在……方面意见一致 5. on the eastern coast of ...在、、、、、、的东海岸 6. in one’s opinion据某人看来;按某人的意见 7. more than = over 多于，超过8. produce electricity 供电 9. millions of 数百万的；数以百万计的 10. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 想做某事 Would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 11. early morning 大清早12. become grey变成灰色 13. get out of ...从....出来 14. go through 意为“穿过，强调从物体内部穿过”；从头至尾的练习 15. fall away突然向下倾斜 16. look over 从（某物上面）看过去：仔细检查 look across眺望 look down to 俯视;向下看 17. on top of 在.....顶部18. at the bottom of在.....的底部 19. on both sides在两边20. be famous for意为“以.......而闻名” 21. do an interview做采访do an interview with sb. 采访某人 22. draw a picture of 画一副......的图画23. go down下去；下沉；坠落 24. wait for 等候25. dozens of 许多 26. in height高度；在高度上 用法集萃 1.agree with sb 同意某人agree to do sth 同意做某事 2.would like to do sth 想要做某事 3.in +一段时间在.....（多长时间）之后，常用于回答How soon 的提问 4.have been/gone to 以及have been in的区别 5.because of+名词因为。。。。。 6.without doing sth 没有做某事 7.be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
初中英语知识归纳总结 第一课时名词 一、概述 1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。 2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写） 二、可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。如：glass-----glasses; book---- books 2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。 如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。 3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。 Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数) The lights are on. (light：灯，可数) 4、不可数名词的量的表示 不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。 如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper ------two pieces of paper a bag of rice ------three bags of rice 三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用） 1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化 policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women; tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer; Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish 四、名词所有格（运用） 名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式，它也有构成上的变化。 1、单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加’ s; 2、复数名词的词尾已有s，只需加’即可； 3、复数名词的词尾若没有s ，则应加’ s ; 4、如果表示某人或物为两人所共有，则在第二个人后面加’ s ; 如：Da Mao and Xiao Mao’s room 如果不是两人共有，则在每个人后面都加’ s; 如：Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother 5、名词所有格结构通常用于表示有生命的名词，或表示时间、距离、地点等，而表示无生命名词的所有关系则用“of”表示。 如: the windows of house the picture of the family
初中复习资料 目录英语词组总结for 和1.比较since 的四种用法2.since 延续动词与瞬间动词3. 重点部分提要词汇一. 单词⑴ 2冠词a / an / the: 3.some和any 4.family 5. little的用法 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 2. 祈使句 1.英语构词法汇 2.英语语法汇总及练习 第1讲：名词 第2讲：代词 第3讲：形容词
第4讲：副词 第5讲：动词 第6讲：不定式 第7讲介词 第8讲：连词 第9讲：时态一 第10讲：时态(二) 第11讲：动词语态 第12讲：句子种类（一） 第13讲：句子的种类(二) 讲：宾语从句14第 第15讲：状语从句There be句型与中考试题第17讲ABC 被动语态复习第18讲 【初中英语词组总结】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）
4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……
初三英语知识点归纳 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一,下面是由我分享的初三英语知识点归纳，希望对你有用。 初三英语知识点归纳：副词 表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子 (一)形容词的用法及位置 1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，作定语时一般放在名词前。 Eg. She has short hair.(作定语) Paul is tall.(作表语) We must keep our room clean.(作宾补) 2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。 eg.She has something important to tell us. There’s nothing wrong in the sentence.
(二)副词的种类、用法及位置 1.副词的种类 (1)时间副词 ①表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today，tonight，before，just now，recently，so far ②表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes, seldom，never ③其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon， at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally (2)地点副词 ①表地点：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere ②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near， off,past (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词 大部分由形容词加ly构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，
初三英语上册知识点：重点词汇 Unit 1 modern, gold, record, event, close, race, seem, luck (lucky, luckily), tennis, believe, guest, such, able, great, practise, dream, include, age, few Unit 2 tower, thick, whole, weigh, including human farther farthest list, anybody kilo, lift, pull. Unit 3 money, pay, price, advertising, ad, supply, quite, business, success, example, fat, any other, safe, afraid, board, rent, magazine, own. Unit 4 fever, hospital, nurse, pain, chest, lung, breathe, catch a cold, potato, cheese, butter, move, smoke, terrible, worse, rest, plenty, disease, against, unable, disabled, lucky Unit 5 life （lives）, save one's life 挽救某人de生命 all one's life 一生，一辈子 mind n. 头脑，精神 v. 介意 mind doing 介意做某事 century n. 世纪 anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁
初中英语知识点总结归纳 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《初中英语知识点总结归纳》的内容，具体内容：知识点是英语学习中的一个重要的部分,下面是我为大家带来的，相信对你会有帮助的。：状语从句为了提高同学们的英语复习效率，中国教育在线整理了初中英语语法之状语从句，状语从句... 知识点是英语学习中的一个重要的部分,下面是我为大家带来的，相信对你会有帮助的。 ：状语从句 为了提高同学们的英语复习效率，中国教育在线整理了初中英语语法之状语从句，状语从句是用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是"一直到......时"，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是"直到......才......", "在......以前不......", 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如： Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He wont be late unless he is ill. (3)"祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句" 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语
九年级英语知识点归纳总结 Unit1《How can we become good learners?》知识点 【短语归纳】 1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话 2. too…to… 太……而不能 3. the secret to… ……的秘诀 4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. look up 查阅 6. repeat out loud 大声跟读 7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误 8. connect ……with… 把……和……连接/联系起来 9. get bored 感到厌烦 10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的 11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠 13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力 【单元知识点】 1. by + doing ：通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式） 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多） 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。（注意加黑的部分用的是动词的原型） 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多,常用于句末。如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to :太…而不能 常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。 如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
初三上学期英语知识点 同学们在学初三上册英语知识的过程中要掌握学习的方法，所以说归纳对于英语语法的学习是非常重要的。小编整理了关于初三英语上学期知识点，希望对大家有帮助! 初三上学期英语知识点第一部分 I. 重点短语 1. at the moment 2. used to 3. for a while 4. walk away with sth. 5. leave for some place 6. sooner or later 7. pay for 8. come up with an idea 9. think of 10. have a try 11. all over the world 12. be famous for 13. large numbers of 14. all the year round 15. no matter what 16. give up 17. for example 18. by the way 19. on business 20. so far 21. come true 22. set off 23. slow down 24. go on doing 25. wait for 26. be proud of 27. be afraid of 28. speak highly of 29. a year and a half 30. half a year 31. pick up 32. as soon as 33. keep… clean 34. take care of 35. cut down 36. make a contribution to 37. base on
初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③
中考英语知识点大总结 英语对学生的未来学习与发展起着重要的作用。下面是我为大家带来的中考英语知识点大总结，相信对你会有帮助的。 中考英语知识点大总结(一) be proud of为。。。感到高兴 try on试穿 keep doing坚持需做某事 stop…from doing阻止做… need to do需要做 decide to do决定做 =make a decision to do in the end最后 = at last=finally feel disappointed对。。。。失望
allow sbto do sth允许某人作某事 allow doing sth允许作某事 Sb be allowed to do sth允许某人作某事 be hard to say很难说 in the past在过去 continue doing sth继续做 =continue to do sth travel through time穿越时光 a number of=numbers of 许多，大量 nothing special 没什么特殊的东西 get sb to do sth 让某人去做某事 more than once 不止一次，超过一次 live in space 住在太空里
in twenty years 年后 travel far away 到很远的地方去旅行 explore the mountain 探索这座山 go on adventures 去探险 plan to do sth 计划做某事 have a boring life 过着令人厌倦的生活 some day 某一天=someday have a good trip 旅行愉快 take pictures of sth 给…拍照 come true变成现实 be chosen to do sth被选出做某事 choose to do sth 选择做某事 last five long years持续长达年 foreign countries外国
初三英语上册知识点：交际用语 表示购物的习惯用语 May / Can I help you? How many / much would you like? What colour / size would you like? I want / I'd like… How much is it / are they? That's too expensive, I'm afraid. Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds? That's fine. I'll take it. 表达开心的句子 How wonderful / nice! That's lovely/great/wonderful! I'm so happy. It's well done. I'm pleased to know that. 表示祝愿的交际用语： Have a good time! Good Luck! Well done! Congratulations! Enjoy yourself! Marry Christmas! Happy Birthday! 表达"看病"的句子 What's wrong with you? How are you feeling?
It's nothing serious. You'll recover soon. Take some medicine three times a day. It can make you feel better. I don't feel well. It hurts here. I feel terrible / bad. I've got a pain here. I've got a headache / cough / fever / cold. 重点词组（词）的辨析： 1. have to /must 不得不，必须 have to 强调客观，must强调主观。例： Mother is ill. I have to look after her. I must study hard. have to有时态、人称变化，否定问句结构用助动词。 have to →don't have to has to →doesn't have to had to →didn't have to will have to →won't have to must的否定式有mustn't和needn't，must只有一般现在时，needn't常作否定回答。You mustn't eat in class. 上课不要吃东西。 Must I come here so early? 我必须这么早来吗？ No, you needn't . 不，不必。
初三英语详细总结 Unit 1 一、知识点 1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。 2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car ④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前 ⑤被例：English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别： how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为什么，通常做宾语，主语。 ①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度做表语) ②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air. ③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
①What…think of…? How…like…? ②What…do with…? How…deal with…? ③What…like about…? How…like…? ④What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today? ⑤What to do? How to do it? e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? what I should do with how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step? ㊣What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ） ㊣What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词，其前要加a ） 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法: 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
初三英语知识点总结 初三英语知识点总结 动词，就是表示动作和状态的词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是： 实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 一、实义动词实义动词又叫行为动词，分成及物动词和不及物动词。 1、及物动词是必须带宾语的动词，可分为如下两类。 1) 及物动词+宾语例： I love my home. 我爱我家。 He bought an English dictionary. 他买了一本英语词典。 2) 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语例： She taught us maths. 她教我们数学。 My mother gave me a new pen. 母亲给了我一支新钢笔。提示： 常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有： give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等。 2、不及物动词不及物动词不需要跟宾语，本身意义完整。例： She came last week. 她上周来的。 It is raining hard. 正下着大雨。 Clabegan at half past seven. 7点半开始上课。 What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么事? 3、同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 二、系动词系动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成合成式谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。连系动词有 be, seem, look, bee, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good. 三、助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，只能在实义动词和系动词前构成谓语的时态、语态以及否定式和疑问式。它没有对应的汉译，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。 (doesn't是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义) He is singing. 他在唱歌。(is是助动词，无词义，构成现在进行时)四、情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等，不能单独作谓语，情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。常用的情态动词有：Can(could) (能，会) 如： I can swim. 我会游泳。 May(might) (可以) 如： You may go now. 你现在可以走了。 Must (必须) 如： You must do your homework. 你必须写作业。 Need (需要) 如： He needs our help. 他需要我们的帮助。注意：
初三上册英语知识点初三上册英语知识点第一部分 I. 重点短语 1. at the moment 2. used to 3. for a while 4. walk away with sth. 5. leave for some place 6. sooner or later 7. pay for 8. come up with an idea 9. think of 10. have a try 11. all over the world 12. be famous for 13. large numbers of 14. all the year round 15. no matter what 16. give up 17. for example 18. by the way 19. on business
20. so far 21. come true 22. set off 23. slow down 24. go on doing 25. wait for 26. be proud of 27. be afraid of 28. speak highly of 29. a year and a half 30. half a year 31. pick up 32. as soon as 33. keep… clean 34. take care of 35. cut down 36. make a contribution to 37. base on 38. make sure 39. take away 40. begin with 41. right now
八大时态一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象地球大，月亮小等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。 过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如：When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如next year,tomorrow 等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是Yes,I will.或No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用过来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film. 过去完成时：我们可以用过去的过去来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前页 1 第 已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动