Fire Services Construction Plan
施工方案
1.Basis for Preparation编制依据
Tender documents for JC Project in Myanmar
1.1缅甸JC项目招标文件
Tender & Design drawings and Updated Addendum Drawing for JC Project in Myanmar 1.2缅甸JC项目招标设计图纸及更新版补遗图纸
Tender clarification documents and Addendum Documents for JC Project in Myanmar. 1.3缅甸JC项目招标澄清文件及补遗文件
1.4 Project Site Survey, Consultancy and Vicinity Environmental Conditions
项目现场踏勘、咨询及周边环境情况
2.General 工程概况
Project name: JUNCTION CITY MIXED USED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT（JC Project）.
This project is located in BOYGOKE AUNG SAN ROAD/SHWE DAGON PAGODA ROAD YANGON, MYANMAR.
2.1项目名称：，
2.2项目地址：
2.3 JC Project：
1 NO. 25-STOREY HOTEL (350 ROOMS)
1 N0. 23-STOREY OFFTCE
2 LEVEL BASEMENTS CARPARKS
5 LEVEL MULTI STOREY CARPARKS
1 STOREY COMMERCIAL PODIUM
2.4 JUNCTION CITY – FIRE SERVICES PACKAGE ：
OFFICE；
RETAIL & REPLACEMENT SHOP；
COMMON；
CARPARK & MSCP.
2.5 JUNCTION CITY - FIRE SERVICES PACKAGE ：
Fire services in project include Fire Pump Plant System / Automatic Sprinkler System / Internal Hydrant and Hand Hose System / external Yard Hydrant System / Fixed Foam Sprinkler System / Fixed Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguishing System / Automatic Fire Alarm System .
2.6 The construction period of this project: to commence the construction in Jul. 2015,
and hand over in Aug. 2017, the total construction period is 14 months.
工程项目工期：2015年7月项目开工建设，2017年12月完工交付，项目总工期14个月。
3.Construction Arrangement施工部署
3.1.Construction Management Objective施工管理目标
3.1.1.Quality Objective 工程质量目标
The construction activities will be organized in accordance with ISO9002 quality management mode. Full dynamic monitor will be made to the whole process of construction to ensure all construction plans and technical measures are carried out completely and the works are completed in high quality.
按照ISO9002质量管理模式组织施工，对工程施工全过程实行全面动态监控，使各项施工生产计划和技术措施得以全面落实，确保工程质量优良。
3.1.2.Safety objective安全施工目标
We will always observe the safe production principle “safety first and precaution crucial” in the whole construction period. We will incorporate the safe production into the construction organization plan and construction management plan to organize the production safely in strictly accordance with the local regulations and specifications in safe production so that the safety and health of the construction personnel can be assured in the construction period and the safety, equipment and fire accidents can be prevented.
在施工过程中，我们将始终贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的安全生产工作方针，把安全生产纳入施工组织设计和施工管理计划中，严格按照当局安全生产法规和规范组织安全生产，保证施工人员在生产过程中的安全与健康，杜绝安全生产、机械、火灾事故的发生。
3.1.3.Objective for civilized construction文明施工目标
We will make reasonable planning to the civilized construction on site to create a clean, sanitary and civilized site environment.
本工程施工过程中做好建筑工地文明施工管理的总体规划，加强现场施工平面的布置和管理工作，营造一种整洁、卫生、文明的现场环境。
3.1.
4.Progress objective工程进度目标管理
The work period specified is 14 months. We will develop the detailed schedules for divisional works in the construction period according to the general schedule prepared in the tender period. Meanwhile, weekly schedules for sub-divisional works will be developed according to the schedules for divisional works. The labors will be reasonably arranged based on the work load in each week. The actual work process and the schedule will be compared each week and the cause for delay will be analyzed in time so as to develop the improvement technologies and organization measures. Practicable acceleration measures will be
developed if necessary to ensure the work period targets in various stages are achieved. The achievement of such targets can support the achievements of targets proposed in the general schedule.
本工程工期为14个月，施工过程中我们将根据工程投标编制的总体进度计划，制定出各分部工程施工详细进度计划，并根据分部工程进度计划制定出子分部及分项工程施工作业周计划，根据每周工作量大小，合理调配劳动力，每周将工程实际进度与计划进度进行比较，及时分析延误工期原因，并制定出改进技术和组织措施，必要时研究制定出切实可行的赶工措施，确保阶段性工期目标的实现，并以阶段工期的实现来确保施工总工期按计划实现。
3.2.General planning for construction activities工程施工的整体规划部署
As per the building structure type, construction period, main project quantities, geography, weather conditions, to consider the resource arrangement, machinery and equipments, workpeople, temporary facilities comprehensively.
按照工程结构形式、工期、主要项目工程量、建筑结构施工情况、气候条件，综合考虑资源配置，统筹考虑设备机械料具、人力资源和临建设施规划配置。
In pre-works, to build site office, fabrication yard, material stock yard, temporary living facilities for subcontractor accommodation, it is planned to be located other reserved places at the north or east side of site.
先期准备建设现场办公室、加工场、材料堆场等临建生活设施。
3.2.1.Preparations before construction施工前期的准备工作
We will make self-review and joint review to the drawings.
做好图纸自审、会审工作；
The site layout plan will be adjusted in case of any change to the works so that the temporary production and living facilities can be always arranged reasonably.
工作变化后及时做好调整现场平面布置的规划，安排施工生产、生活临时设施；
Detailed and practicable construction plan, various technical measures and plans will be formulated in advance.
编制出详尽的实施性施工方案、各项施工技术措施及计划；
The labor and material demand plans will be developed in advance and orientation training will be provided to the labors.
做好劳动力和材料需用量计划，组织劳动力的岗前教育。
3.2.2.Principle for determination of general site layout施工现场平面规划原则
In construction, to consider the unused land at the north and east of site as the place for temporary facilities, including site office, workpeople accommodation area, construction temporary facilities , wood & rebar & steel structure fabrication yard, revolving material &
tools storage area. The future Phase II area will be used to establish temporary facilities when developing Phase I works. We will deliver materials by batches so that the site areas will not be occupied too much once and meanwhile we will ensure all necessary temporary facilities will be arranged on site to meet the national and Naypyitaw regulations and rules in Myanmar.
施工时考虑利用场地二期的闲置地块作为临建用地，包括：现场办公室区，劳务食宿区，施工临建区，材料存放区等，在进行布置时，我们将采取材料多次进场少占用场地，同时应保证各种临时设施的布置齐全，使其符合缅甸国家和仰光地方有关规章和法规的规定。
4.Selection of main construction methods主要施工方法的选择
Construction Process Procedure
a) Conduit Laying
b) Wiring in Conduit
c)Case, Box and Equipment Installation Plan
4.1 Fire water supply facilities installation
4.1.1 Fire water pump and stabilized pressure pump installation
Installation technology of fire water pump: construction preparation → foundation preparation → pump installation → suction pipe installation → delivery pipe
installation → commissioning
4.1.2 Water pump installation: the installation pump of fire water pump, stabilized pressure pump and diesel pump
（1）To check the dimension, location and elevation of pump foundation to meet the requirements of project design.
（2）Pump unpacking inspection
（3）when to connect motor and pump, to align with pump axis. When there is connection device between motor and pump, to align with axis of middle
connection device.
（4）For integral pump, the installation allowance in the vertical direction should comply with the requirements in the installation code.
4.1.3 Suction pipe installation
The basic requirement for water suction pipe installation: no air leakage, no air accumulation, no air suction.
4.1.4 Water pumps commissioning: after pump and it auxiliary parts installation
completion, need to carry out single machine commissioning, and to perform
load testing.
4.2 Automatic Sprinkler Fire Service System Installation
4.2.1 Installation technology of automatic sprinkler fire service system: construction preparation → main pipe installation → alarm valve installation → vertical pipe installation → sprinkler main pipe and branch pipe installation → sprinkler terminal pipe installation → pipe pressure test → pipe cleaning → pressure reducing device installation → alarm valve auxiliary parts and other components installation, sprinkler terminal installation → to fill water in system and commissioning.
4.2.2 Main pipe installation
（1）Pipe material and connection: to use the galvanized steel pipe as the pipe of automatic sprinkler fire service system. To use thread connection type for work pressure DN100 or lower, to use groove and coupling connection type for work pressure more than DN100.
（2）In the case of the pipe going through the deformed seam of the building, to set flexible short pipe. Add sleeve when going through wall or slab.
4.2.3 Pipe Hanger and Supports Installation
（1）The maximum allowable spacing of pipe hangers and supports is determined by the loads, it should meet strength and rigidity requirements.
（2）The load-bearing components of hangers and supports, such as beam, hanging pole and bolts, should meet design and code requirements.
（3）The installation position of hangers and supports should not affect the spraying performance of water sprinkler.
4.2.4 Alarm Valve Installation
The installation of alarm valve should meet the following requirements:
（1）The assemble body of alarm valve should have complete parts. Valve clack can work flexible. It is clean in valve body and there is no blocking foreign material.
（2）The alarm valve should be installed in the obvious position where it is easy to operate.
4.2.5 Main Pipe and Branch Pipe Installation
（1）The reserved branch opening of branch should be fabricated before lifting.
（2）For those sprinklers spraying upwards, they can be installed onto branch pipes. For those positions where it is not easy to operate after pipes installation, also can install those sprinklers spraying upwards.
（3）Pipe ramp
During installation, keep pipe in ramp.
4.2.6 Sprinkler Branch Pipe Installation
（1）Per the installation position of sprinkler, to install the sprinkler branch pipe without sprinkler until its position. Install the thread plug instead of sprinklers onto the branch pipe end
（2）Per the installation requirements of splashing disc of sprinkler, verify the height of pipe opening. It is required that the installation height of sprinkler splashing disc should meet design and code requirements after installation.
4.2.7 Pipe Pressure Test
After system installation completion, need to carry out strength test and tightness test per design requirements.
4.2.8 Pipe Cleaning
Pipe cleaning should be carried out after pressure test approval. The cleaning sequence: outside building, inside building, building underground, building aboveground. For building aboveground, clean main pipe, and then clean branch pipe. The pipe cleaning should be continuous, to check the water color and transparency and to compare with that at entrance, it is qualified if it is almost same in comparing.
4.2.9 Sprinklers Installation
（1）To carry out the pressure test and washing clean before sprinklers installation.
（2）The direction of two wings of sprinkler should be in rows and should be installed uniformly.
4.2.10 System Commissioning
System commissioning contents:
（1）water source test
（2）fire pump performance test
（3）alarm valve performance test
（4）water drainage device performance test
（5）system linking commissioning
4.3 Fire Hydrant System Installation
4.3.1 Technology Flow
Installation technology flow of building inside hydrant system: construction preparation → main pipe installation → branch pipe installation → Panel fixing and stabilizing → auxiliary parts installation → pipe pressure test → system commissioning
4.3.2 Main Pipe Installation
To use hot galvanized steel pipe in fire hydrant system, To use thread connection type for work pressure DN100 or lower, to use groove and coupling connection type for work pressure more than DN100.
4.3.3 Fire hydrant Panel Installation
In hydrant panel installation, to check the verticality of panel front and side with spirit level. After verification, to fix the hydrant panel, the panel door can open flexible.
4.4 Commissioning
4.4.1 Commissioning of Fire Alarm System
Check the accuracy of drawing code and site code.
(1)After the code accuracy is confirmed, check the accuracy of resistance value of
outside circuit and correctness of installation method of main frame grounding
device.
(2)After the accuracy of resistance value is confirmed, per relevant drawings, record
the property and address of mainframe input into the terminations.
After the input is complete, check whether the post-back data from termination
unit is correct.
(3)After the accuracy of post-back data is confirmed, carry out smoke detect test and
temperature detect test, test the accuracy of alarm data and fault alarm.
After the accuracy of alarm and fault function, input per correct interlock
relationship.
(4)Check the volume and tone quality of broadcast and telephone system to ensure
all is in normal situation.
(5)After input is completed, check whether the interlock voltage output after fire alarm
system is activated matches up with the requirement, if matched, the commissioning for individual fire alarm system is complete.
(6)Commissioning Procedure.
a) Preparation phase before Commissioning
●Per engineering requirements, check specification, model, quantity
and etc., then record accordingly.
●Check whether the construction quality and detectors installation
comply with the installation requirement, whether wiring is correct; Whether the installation and wiring of manual alarm button is correct; Whether the fire alarm control unit is positioned, whether the distance between this control unit and wall complies with the requirement of specification, and whether the wiring is correct; Whether the installation of fire control equipment is correct;
Whether the installation of grounding unit is correct; To solve problems immediately encountered as to above items.
●Check the circuit and rectify incorrect wiring, open circuit, cold solder
joint and short circuit in earthing.
●Check commissioning tools to keep them in good shape in order to
carry out the commissioning normally.
b) Commissioning Phase
●Individual Unit Commissioning
●Use special commissioning tools to test detectors, alarm modules and
other site equipment one by one, and to check whether codes are correct, whether alarm function is in normal condition and fill in forms accordingly.
●Open alarm mainframe, connect with main line, connect alarm system
with mainframe and check the function of controller, such as self-inspection function of fire alarm, noise attenuation and reset function, fault alarm function, fire priority function, alarm memory function, power supply automatic transfer function, backup power supply automatic charging function and under voltage,
overvoltage and alarm function of backup power supply.
●Open mainframe, carry out the smoke test to site alarm equipment
one by one, check whether the alarm unit and lamps are in normal condition;
Test manual alarm buttons one by one and check whether the alarm unit and lamps are in normal condition and fill in forms accordingly; Open emergency PA mainframe, check function of each equipment and connect to site loudspeaker, check function of each loudspeaker one by one and fill in forms accordingly.
c) Interlock Commissioning
●Requirement before Commissioning: each individual unit
commissioning is completed and in normal operation.
●Static Commissioning
●Check the wiring accuracy between alarm system and controlled plant,
such as HVAC system, rolling door system, smoke exhaust fan system, fire water pump system, sprinkler water pump system, emergent PA system, lift system, gas extinguisher system and entrance control system. The output control voltage is DC24V from alarm system control module termination.
Check whether controlled plants are operated, whether the post-back data is correct and fill in commissioning forms.
Dynamic Commissioning
●Open mainframe and site control equipment to keep them in
automatic condition. Blow smokes at site to check the interlock status and check with the Architect. Check whether the interlock function is correct and fill in forms accordingly.
4.4.2Commissioning of Sprinkler System
(1) Check whether the installation of interfaces, spray headers, alarm valves, water
flow and pumps of sprinkler system is complete and whether the circuit is in closed loop.
(2) Make use of high level cistern to keep pipes filled with water and check whether
there is any leakage.
(3) Check the hydrostatic pressure at harmful points.
(4) Check water trial valves of water pump connector. If the valve pressure matches
up with the top level pressure of building, that’s to say the whole pipe lines is unblocked. Open the gate valve of water pump connector and check the leak-proofness of one-way valve.
Adjust the stabilized pressure pump to keep it in automatic condition, open water trial unit at ends, check alarm operation of flow indicator at each levels and shut-off signal valve fault alarm.
(5) Open water trial valves at both ends of one partition, test the operation of alarm
valve, water power alarm bell and pressure switch; The individual sprinkler system commissioning is complete.
4.4.3 Commissioning of FM200 Gas Extinguisher System
a)Check whether the gas extinguisher equipment are installed complete and whether the pressure testing is in consistent with requirements of specifications.
b)Check whether the output signal of gas extinguisher control cabinet is accurate and control equipment such as audible and visual alarm, gas discharge lamp and solenoid valve.
c)Check whether the pressure switch signal is correct after simulated gas is injected.
4.4.4 Integrated Commissioning
(1) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will activate audial & visual alarm.
(2) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will activate fire-fighting public address.
(3) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will activate exhaust fan.
(4) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will switch off air-conditioning controller.
(5) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will cut off non-fire power.
(6) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
detector will open air supply outlet and smoke vent.
(7) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
pressure switch will activate sprinkler pump and measure the dynamic pressure at the harmful point.
(8) Keep the fire-alarm mainframe in auto mode, and the fire alarm produced by
fire-hydrant button will activate hydrant pump and measure the dynamic pressure at the harmful point and whether the pressure is excessive on 1st level.
(9) Directly activate exhaust fan, blower under positive pressure, fire-fighting pump,
etc., and test the feedback signals.
(10)P repare commissioning report.
4.4.5 PA System Commissioning
The commissioning of PA system refers to the comprehensive and conventional inspection to the equipment during installation after PA system is installed, and to provide conduction test and evaluation of tone quality, mainly including transmission line inspection, wiring inspection, insulation resistance measurement, earthing resistance measurement, antenna commissioning, power test, system conduction test, sound pressure measurement and assessment of tone quality.
Attention shall be paid to the electrical test that the knob for all equipment shall be switched to the lowest position, and supply electricity for starting up in the order of preceding stage to backward stage to avoid noise and damage to equipment due to excessive surging at start-up. Adjust appropriately the input of all sound sources to check whether there is any distortion, noise and too small sound in monitoring. When the equipment will start up normally, check whether there is any change to the sound
after the equipment operates for 1 hour in normal volume, and whether the temperature on equipment surface is regular.
(1) Transmission line inspection
The transmission line for PA system includes indoor and outdoor wiring. Disconnect the terminals to the transmission line from equipment, and check whether each transmission line is correct against IFC drawing and PA system drawing and whether there is short circuit, open circuit, wiring fault, etc., check whether the terminal number is complete and correct, whether there is welded terminal. Any fault discovered shall be rectified and then reconnect the terminals. Check whether the plug and socket wires are welded, correctly and reliably connected, and whether the shielding layer is connected complete and sound as per requirement.
(2) Wiring inspection
Check whether the wiring to each circuit or amplifier equipment is correct against IFC drawing; also check whether there is any missing wiring, multiple wiring and reverse connection to primary and secondary wiring of transformer. Verify against drawing transformer model, capacity and resistance.
(3) Insulation resistance measurement
Disconnect the terminals at two ends of PA line, use 500V megameter to measure the insulation resistance between two terminal ends. The items to be measured are the insulation resistance between lines and between line and earth. In general, the insulation resistance shall be no less than 0.5 MΩ. The resistance shall be measured by loops, record the result and submit to Owner as part of commissioning report.
(4) Earthing resistance measurement
Earthing resistance to PA system is mainly measured on the earthing electrode inside PA room by use of earth resistance tester.
In general, the industrial frequency grounding resistance for PA room and lightning arrester shall be no more than 10Ω. When the PA system capacity is over
150W, PA system may share one set of earthing electrode if it’s difficult to provide
earthing electrode separately. However, such earthing resistance shall be not over 4Ω,
and the earthing electrode shall be provided at dedicated grounding main line.
(5) Power test
No short circuit and open circuit shall occur to the power lines for the
measurement to A.C power voltage. Perform power-on and power-off test on power
switch to check power signals; inspection and test to emergency power supply after
devices exchange, accumulator output voltage measurement; check and measure the
rectification charging unit; perform power failure simulation test to verify whether the
power will operate reliably after device exchange.
(6) System conduction test
Perform system conduction test after all the discovered faults in above
inspections are rectified and each test meets requirements. The system conduction
test shall be performed to each individual equipment.
First disconnect all output lines and pull out all input signal plugs, switch the
volume knob of amplifier to the lowest, then power on and switch on the amplifier to
check whether the signal is normal and whether there is any mechanical noise. The
commissioning is finished after everything is normal, otherwise identify the fault.
5.Construction measurement in rainy season雨季施工措施
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b218563989.html,anizational measurement组织措施
?Project department shall set up construction management team for rainy
season, project manager will be the team leader and team members are construction manager, chief engineer, engineer and supervisors in every disciplines.
项目部成立雨期施工管理小组，以项目经理为组长，成员由施工经理、项目总工程师、工程师、小组督工。
?Before construction in rainy season, construction management team needs to
organize administrative staff to set up construction technique measures for rainy season and organizes technology training for related person. When enter into rainy season,
construction management team is responsible for implementing construction measures and disclosure work in rainy season and makes supervision and check on construction
technology measure.进入雨期施工前，雨期施工管理小组组织施工管理人员制定雨期施工技术措施，对相关人员应专门组织技术业务培训。进入雨期施工后，雨期施工管理小组负责落实及时做好各项雨期施工的落实和交底工作，并对各项雨期施工技术措施进行监督和检查。
?Arrange specially-assigned person to collect the weather forecast to grasp
weather variations and make relevant arrangement for construction work.
安排专人每天收集落实项目所在地天气预报，以便及时掌握天气变化情况，对施工作业做出针对性安排。
5.2.Management measure管理措施
?Arrange related rain-proof machines and material enter into work site in
advance, such as raincoat and plastic cloth.
提前组织有关防雨机具、材料进场，如雨衣、塑料布并安排贮存。
5.3.Safety measures安全措施
?Implement preparation works before construction in rainy season and do
particular safety and technical explanations to work labor groups.
落实雨期施工准备工作，对劳务作业班组进行详细的安全技术交底。
?When vertical transport equipments work after rain, they should take trial
operation firstly. If everything is normal, they can operate。
垂直运输设备在雨后工作时，应先进行试运转，一切情况正常后，方可进行作业。
?If power charging lines suffer from gale and heavy rain in site, people should be
arranged to inspect and rectify problems immediately.
施工现场供电线路遇大风、大雨天气应立即组织人员巡视检查，发现问题及时修整。
?Electrical equipments should have reliable rain-proof measures to prevent
electrical leakage. Vertical transport equipments such as tower cranes should have
lightning arrester.
电气设备应有可靠的防雨措施，防止漏电，塔吊等垂直运输设备应设置避雷装置。
6.Construction general layout施工总平面布置
6.1.Temporary facility layout in construction area施工区域临建设施布置
?现场设12米办公及一个。
?Important material storeroom consider 1, 12m container
材料存储考虑1个12米集装箱；
?Material stockpiling yard considering as 20*20m area，lay 100m thick rubble or
gravel on ground.
材料堆场考虑20*20米，地面铺设100厚碎石或砂砾。
?Temporary construction facility plan as follow (Temporary construction facility
plan in construction area)
临建设施计划安排如下（详见施工临建设施配置）：
6.2.Temporary water and electricity arrangement in construction area施工区域临电布置
In construction, to connect municipal power supply as first choice, there are low voltage power grids outside of south and north hoarding. Meanwhile, to arrange one diesel generator with capacity 250KW and two diesel generators with capacity 120kw to meet construction demand in earlier stage and emergency usage .
施工用电首选接驳市政电网,场地南北外围有低压供电线路通过，同时现场要配备1台50KW的柴油发电机备用，以满足施工需要和应急使用。
?Statistical table of electricity consumption for construction
施工用电量统计表
Remarks: This Organization Chart is tentative and subject to changes.
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7.Construction Machinery and Equipment
JC EQUIPMENT PLAN DSC(FP)
8.Human resource d emand plan
人力资源需求计划
8.1.Management Staff Plan for project department
项目部管理人员计划表
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模块三作业
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模块三作业 活动 1
模块三必选案例分析.dｏc 1.你认为陈老师的教学设计使用了什么教学模式？ 答：我认为陈老师的教学设计主要使用了有意义接受学习教学模式，包括了以下几部分： （１）呈现先行组织者(2）呈现新学习内容(3)知识的整合协 (4)应用所学的知识来解决有关的问题。同时结合探究性教学模式以及计算机辅助教学模
式。 2.你觉得陈老师的教学设计中体现了哪些教学策略？体现在哪里?
答：我觉得陈老师的教学设计中主要体现了以下教学策略: （1）情景教学策略。体现在:陈老师在上课前先创设情境，让学生动手对折纸张来算纸张
的层数和折叠次数的关系,引起学生的兴趣和关注。 (2)动机教学策略。体现在:陈老师在讲解有理数的乘方的概念时,引入了小学里学过的正方 形的面积和正方体的体积,激发了学生的学习动机，促进学习者加强新旧知识的相互作用,有效地
促进有意义学习的发生和对所学知识的保持。 (3）教学内容传递策略。表现在:陈老师为了让学生对有理数的乘方有个清晰的印象,在计算
机上用 Math3.0 演示乘方运算，形象、直观。 (４)自主学习教学策略。陈老师设计了一些运算题，要求学生动手实践，接着启发学生思 考：从这些运算中,你发现负数的幂的正负有什么规律？你能解释这其中的理由吗?
(5)探究式教学策略。本课的实际操作性的探究活动比较多,充分体现这一特点。如“当底数 是正数或零,不管多少次方都是幂都是正数，这是不成问题的 , 困难在于底数是负数的情况。让
我们猜想这其中有什么规律。” 3、陈老师设计用 Ｍaｔｈ3.0 演示乘方运算,你是否认同他的设计？给出你的理由。 答:我不认同陈老师的设计。多媒体虽然是为教学服务的，我们教师在讲授新课的时候,应该 根据本课的教学目标设计和知识系统的需要，看看是否需要运用多媒体。陈老师本课讲授的有理 数的乘方，课前他创设情境，让学生动手对折纸张，并观察纸张的层数和折叠次数的关系,学生 在好奇心的驱使下,学习兴趣明显高涨，总结出了有理数乘方的书写方法，教学的效果已经达到， 教师没有必要再使用多媒体。数学课堂上,对于一些抽象的、深奥的、空间的、语言表述不太易 于理解的，教师可以采用多媒体来辅助教学,化抽象为直观，提高课堂的教学效率。 4、你觉得陈老师的教学设计在创设情境、问题设计、知识扩展等方面有哪些优点? 答：俗话说的好:“兴趣是最好的老师!”陈老师在上课之前,创设情境,让孩子们亲手做一做： 动手对折纸张，并观察纸张的层数和折叠次数的关系,孩子的兴趣一下被调动起来,在老师的指引 下，探究意识逐步增强,真正成为学习的主人。教师在讲课之前要认真备课，这叫做预设。陈老 师的几个问题设计刚好体现了这些特点：学习者特征的分析、教学目标的分析、教学目标和多媒 体、教学练习如何联系在一起,如何进行课外拓展等，考虑得比较详细全面，为上好一节课打下 了坚实的基础。知识的拓展来源于生活中的例子，给学生灌输了一种学习观念，数学是来源于生
活的,和生活密切相关的，学好它可以解决生活中许许多多的实际的问题。 5.对于陈老师的教学设计你有什么改进建议? 答:建议：
Stand up for your health ! People have always enjoyed laughing ,and there has always been humour .One favourite type of comedy is called is a kind of comedy that is done on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members .A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member,or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes . Types of stand-up There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily example,they may talk about how people act when they queue they may ask why it only rains when you forget your umbrella. Other comedians rely on visual humour may be inspired by example,one comedian uses a huge hammer to break watermelons while he makes jokes about what he is comedian points to a video tennis game and says , ‘I’ve been playing tennis every day for a month. I don’t understand why I am not losing weight!’Yet other comedians may trip over chairs,walk into doors, and fall down on stage in order to make people kind of absurd humour is not very funny if you are only listening and not watching the comedian’s last kind of comedian does impressions-he or she will act or speak like a
牛津高中英语模块六Unit 3 Welcome的教学设计 教材：牛津高中英语(模块六)高二上学期 文档内容：教学设计—教案 单元：Unit 3 Understanding each other 板块：Welcome to the unit 作者：肖英（沅江三中） 教材分析 本节课主要内容是通过看图说话帮助学生理解中外文化差异。 学情分析 学生对汉语语言文化有一定的了解，而对外国文化的理解还有待提高 本课的设计意图：本节课是以说和读为主的单元热身课，用一课时的时间来激活学生与单元话题（文化差异）有关的已有知识以便导入课文教学。运用图画以及与图画有关的提示语，激发学生对话题的兴趣，引导学生运用已有知识进行相关话题的讨论。由于课本上的信息量不大，学生对各国的文化差异并不是很了解，所以通过阅读短文来增加信息量，为下一步的学习做好充分的热身准备，从而调动学习的积极性。同时要注重德育教育，引导学生学会尊重文化差异。 Teaching aims Help the students learn how to talk about cultural differences and customs. Teaching important and difficult points Enable the students to talk about cultural differences and understand the use of examples. Teaching methods Discussion, reading and cooperative learning. Teaching aids A computer and a projector Teaching procedure and ways Step 1 Greetings and lead-in Greet the class as usual。 Get the students to show different ways of greeting they know. And then discuss some other ways of greeting and the ways of greeting. Finally, get the students tell some other customs that are different in different parts of the world. As we all know, different countries have different cultures and customs. Look at the Quiz on the screen please, let’s know
模块六总结与反馈 1.在这个模块中，你做了哪些事情？ 答：模块六主要内容是教学评价。在活动一中，我首先学习了相关理论知识，然后反复阅读了《杨老师的新评测计划》案例原文，最后针对所需要回答的五个问题，进行思考，在案例原文和理论知识界面之间穿插，还通过网络平台搜索新课程评价的理念与方法等知识点，完成了《模块六必选案例分析》并在“课程讨论区”我的班级下的“模块六必选案例”板块发新帖，分享我对案例阅读的思考，并浏览了部分其他学员的帖子，进行了回复。在活动二中我选择了李老师的《新课改新评测》案例进行学习并完成可选案例分析”，及时上交了作业。在活动三中学习了用Excel进行教学统计的方法步骤，并用Excel软件制作了一个统计表,计算了总分和平均分，还在统计表的下方制作了一个折线统计图。最后进入教学统计软件交流分享区发主帖与大家分享所要回答的两个问题。 2学完本模块后，你有哪些收获？ 答：学完这个模块，我对新课程评价的特点、评价理念、评价方式，评价主体、评价内容、使用的评价工具、教学评价设计原则等有了较全面的认识，特别对新课程评价理念，表现性评价、诊断性评价、形成性评价、过程性评价、评价的设计、评价量规的具体编写等体会较深，弥补了自己以前在教学评价方面理论知识的不足。这这个模块的学习，让我开始思考如何在以后的教学中要根椐教学内容和学生特点制定更加全面的教学评价方案，特别是表现性评价和
过程性评价。另外，通过学习对excel在教学统计中作用，我有了进一步的认识，操作更为熟练。 3.学完了本模块的内容后，你对培训过程和培训内容有哪些意见和建议？ 答：本模块的内容，对我们平时的教学有指导意义，非常的实用。这使我们重新认识了教学评价，并学会用量规和档案袋来评价学生，关注学生的学习过程，不仅仅关注效果。学习过程中，对于平时运用较多的教学评价知识学习较轻松，但是对于比较陌生的教学评价的设计和使用还比较迷糊，有待于继续学习。 电子表格是我们平时在教学中经常使用的，相对来说比较熟悉。但本次作业只是一些简单的总分、平均分及折线图的绘制，是不是可以适当增加电子表格内容的深度，让大家对表格的功能再多运用一些。另外，我感觉在学习中的网页不是很方便，很多时候都不能退回去，又要重新去选择模块中的活动，有点费时，如果能再方便快捷些就更好了。
模块六第一单元 From Welcome to the Unite to Grammar 1.make fun of 开…玩笑、作弄… play jokes on sb/ play tricks on sb 同上 2.tell/ make jokes about 开…的笑话 3.in response to 对…的反应 in reply to 回复 respond to/ react to 对…反应 4.in everyday life/ in daily life 日常生活 5.queue up in lines 排队等候 queue up for …/ to do sth 排队等候… line up/ be lined up （使）排队、排队 stand/ wait in line 排队等候 6.point to …指向、指着…（远指） point at st/sth 指着…（近指） point out sth 指出（错误等） from my point of view 在我看来 to the point 切题 (be) on the point of doing sth when …正要… 7.lose weight 减肥 put on weight/ gain weight 发福、增肥 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b218563989.html,e …as …/ be used as …把…用着…、被用着 be used to doing sth 习惯于… 9.do an impression of …对…印象模仿 make an impression on sb 给…留下印象 be impressed by …对…印象深刻 impress sb with sth 让某人记住… impress on sb sth 同上 10.be broadcast live on TV 被现场直播 11.have an outstanding ability to improvise 有即兴表演的杰出能力 12.be good at …/ do well in 擅长、在…方面表现好 13.turn on the microphone 打开麦克风 turn down one’s help 拒绝某人帮助 turn up 出现 14.it is appropriate that ……是适合的 be appropriate for sth/sb 对…是合适的 15.make up a new joke 编一个新的笑话 make up 30% 占30%
牛津高中英语教学设计 —— M6 U1 Reading: Stand-up for your health 教材版本、章节、学科、年级：《牛津高中英语》模块六高二上学期第一单元的 阅读Stand-up for your health 一、教学目标 知识目标 了解文中单口喜剧和主人公Billy Crystal的有关信息。 能力目标 培养学生联系上下文的语境来猜测词义；把握文章内容结构和整体框架的能力。 人文目标 引导学生意识到Laughter 的重要性，并以此为基点拓展对健康话题的认识，帮助学生以 良好的心态和积极的方式去学习和生活。 （教学目标）： 1. Grasp the main topics of the three sections---types of stand-up, a famous comedian and the fact that laughter is good for your health. 2. Learning English by talking about their own opinions when it comes to the topic “Laughter is the best medicine”. 3. Gain some knowledge about stand-up comedy and reinforce their reading comprehension. 4. Improve reading ability---how to guess the meanings of new words. 二、教学内容及重点难点： 本设计选取的是牛津高中英语模块六第一单元的阅读课文，它具有如下特点： 第一：就体裁而言，本文是说明性文章，介绍的是西方流行的单口喜剧和著名单口喜剧演员Billy Crystal 。因此，教学过程中应引导学生获取与主题相关 的基本信息。 第二：就内容而言，单口喜剧来源于西方，不同于中国的相声，小品或滑稽戏，同学对此比较陌生，所以教学内容的重点之一就放在单口喜剧的分类和识别 上。另外; 通过对Billy Crystal的身份，能力和流行度的归纳来帮助学生加强 对主人公的认识。本文第三板块的主旨是Laughter is good for your health， 采用讨论的方法拓展了同学对主题的理解并深化了主题。 第三：就结构而言，本文段落清晰。因此，教学过程中应该引导学生体会和理解这种结构来运用到写作和演讲的实践中。 Important points（重点）： 1 Understand the structure of the whole passage. 2 Understand the definition of stand-up as well as its type 3 Get to know Billy Crystal 4 How to guess the meaning of unknown or unfamiliar words Difficult points（难点）: 1.To develop the students’ reading skills. 2.To make sure that everyone understand the article well 3.To help the students guess the meaning of the words correctly 4.To practice laughter is the best medicine in our daily life
1、在杨老师的教学评价方案中参与评价的主体有哪些？他们之间的关系是怎样的？ 答参与评价的主体有教师、学生和家长。他们之间的关系:家长是孩子的第一任老师，他们对孩子寄予极大的希望。让家长参与评价做孩子的热心观众，为孩子写评语，也进一步促进了家长和老师的联系沟通，同时为学生创设了一个良好的学习环境，并有力的督促自己的孩子。老师评价是对学生、家长评价的总结和扩展，在学生自评、互评、家长评价的基础上，老师运用鼓励的方式进行合理的评价，以达到引导与激励的效果的活动。 2、在杨老师的教学评价方案中使用了哪些评价工具？ 答：杨老师在教学评价方案中，主要使用了量规、档案袋、问卷调查法、观察法、反思笔记五种评价工具。 3、你认为杨老师的教学评价方案体现了教学评价设计的哪些原则？ 答：目标性原则,关联性原则,过程与结果统一原则,客观性原则,整体性原则,指导性原则. 4、杨老师的教学评价方案体现了新课程评价的哪些理念？ 答：新课程理主张评价主体的多元化，就教师而言，要求以教师自评为主，强调教师对自己教学的分析与反思，校长、教师、学生和家长对评价的参与，都是为了促进教师创造性教学水平的提升。就学生而言，教师对其评价的重点是发现和发展学生多方面的潜能，帮助学生认识自我并建立自信；同时，主张评价主体的多元化，即教师评价、学生自评和互评相结合。 理念的根本出发点是促进学生的发展，而杨老师的教学评价方案也体现了这一理念：评价的目的是促进发展；评价的内容综合化；评价的标准分层化；评价的方式多样化；评价的主体多元化。 5．你如何看待杨老师设计的教学评价方案？你认为有哪些优点和待改进的地方？ 答：杨老师的教学评价方案体现了新课改的教学理念和要求,体现了评价主体的多元化，通过多元化的评价，充分发挥导向、监督、调节、诊断、鉴定和激励作用，最大限度提高了学生学习的积极性和主动性，促进了学生的发展。 值得借鉴的有：参评价方案设计体现“目标性、关联性、过程与结果统一、客观性、整体性、指导性”原则，对教学活动的过程及其结果进行测定、衡量，并给以价值判断，能把培养学生学习能力、素质、技能、情感等教学有机结合起来。 但有些内容仍需改进：在评价方式上是否可增加期中、期末测评的内容，在评价主体上是否可增加其他任课教师等。家长的学期末的终结性评价表应具体化，好给学生指明方向，否则有些家长可能把握不好。
模块六Unit Three Understanding each other 一. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子 1. It is estimated that about 11.500 athletes from all over the world will p________ in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 2. When you come to a new country, special attention should be paid to cultural d____ 3. The British people love to decorate Christmas trees and hang up evergreen branches on Christmas Day while Chinese people tend to have a large banquet in c________ of Spring Festival. 4. When planting flowers, try to choose n____ species. They will be easier to survive. 5. Dr. Smith is from Australia. It’s no wonder he speaks with a strong Australian a_________. 6. The two major parts in a research project include gathering data and a _____ data. 7. The cold is u___________. Yesterday it was 29℃,but today the temperature drops to only 10℃. 8. He had some difficulty a______________ himself to the new conditions on his first visit to London last fall. 9. If you want any f____________ explanation, you’d better ask the manager. 10. Mary decided to explore in the forest on her own. Yet her parents were both c___________ for her safety. 11. It can be quite ________________(令人尴尬的)to take a stranger for your friend and say hello to him or her while he or she makes no response. 12. Many cars________（属于）to local people were destroyed in the storm last month. 13. In England, it isn’t the Queen reigns but elected representatives of the people that _____________(统治)the country. 14. As____________（少数）voted in favor of the new law, it wasn’t passed at last. 15. When the bomb exploded, the spot was in a terrible mess, so nobody could give the report a full____________（叙述）of it. 二. 根据课文完成短文 People can often experience ____1_____differences. For example, the Americans are ____2____talking about Thanksgiving Day and the huge turkey they eat. They get quite excited whenever it ____3____to this topic. However, some British people don’t even know what Thanksgiving is held in ____4____of .It is OK for the British to open the presents as soon as they receive them. But it is____5____ to do so in the East. Even though there are ____6____between wedding traditions in the west, there are also differences between different Western countries. In the UK, the guests are ____7____to give presents to the newly-weds, but in Italy, the newly-weds are supposed to give their guests presents. Besides, in many countries, people point ____8____their first finger. But people from Brunei use their thumb____9____. Foreigners have to ____10____themselves to that, or it will be quite rude. So, it is a good way to learn about cultural differences to understand more about each other.
牛津高中英语模块六第一单元的教学设计 Laughter is good for you Reading: Stand up for your health Made by Zhang Chunkai Period 2 Background information Students’ number: 58 Duration: 45mins Teaching aids PPT, projector, textbook, whiteboard marker Teaching objectives 1.Students will be able to grasp and use new words and expressions. 2.Students will be able to write a story using the words learned. Teaching contents 1.Students will be able to understand and use “tease, toy with, make fun of, make up, behave, one such, have affection for, live, follow in one’s footsteps, have effect on, prove, react to, whatever the reason”. 2.Students will be able to write a story using the words learned. Teaching methods Students-based Teaching procedures Step one: Check the homework ☆Task one: check the homework in page 4 ( ) tease A connected with the practical use of machines ( ) behave B an official organization that encourages and develops art, literature, science, etc. ( ) visual C make a loud cry when you are in pain, angry, excited, etc. ( ) academy D doing things in certain way ( ) technical E make somebody laugh or smile ( ) howl F of or connected with seeing or sight ( ) amuse G laugh at and make jokes about someone in a friendly way. (keys: G, D, F, B, A, C, E) 【设计意图】通过检查学生作业使学生立即进入上课状态。同时为下面讲解知识点做好铺
初级培训作业总汇表
附录：各模块的作业评价量规 模块二的作业量规 包含封面幻灯片一张，目录幻灯片一张及反映“我所理解的教育技术”的正文幻灯片若 题材新颖，富有想象力 画面设计有创意、别具一格 贴近生活，富有情趣
内容完整，图片与动画使用得当 主题突出，展现对教育技术的认识和理解 内容反映自己独特的理解，不是简单的资料罗列 内容呈现的顺序富有一定逻辑性 标题和正文的字体统一格式，无错别字 标点符号使用正确，并统一中文半角格式 根据内容的需要选用适当的制作技巧 恰当的运用动画、声音与各类素材 画面衔接流畅 界面友好，图标、按钮、超链接等设计合理 交互性强，便于浏览 声音和画面同步 形象生动，造型活泼 底色或背景图案选择恰当，版式整洁，排版合理 色彩和谐，艳丽，体现统一风格 与主题风格一致，加强表现力 主题音乐使用恰当合理 模块三的作业量规 作业可以是图形图像、音频或视频作业的一种，如果有学员完成的是动画作品也可以， 作品符合教学需要 作品有助于帮助学生理解学习内容
贴近生活，富有情趣 处理工具选用得当 细节处理得当，没有明显的剪辑或拼凑痕迹 不是简单的素材罗列，有一定的内容关联 素材衔接好 图文处理得当，布局合理 界面友好，色彩搭配得当，声音和画面同步 模块四的作业量规 有明确的教学主题 目标设计合理 作品体现了授导型教学的要求 能够体现一般模板中的核心要素，教学重点难点处理得当 对于教学模板的调整合理，体现了对内容和学生的关注 体现了评价与过程的结合性，教学过程可操作性强 设计能够体现技术对教学的有效支持 提供了适当的支持教学过程的相应技术性支持材料，或者具有模块五的作业量规 有明确的教学主题
Module6 Unit3 Reading教案 Objectives: 1.To help Ss get a general idea about the text. 2. To make Ss become familiar with the detailed information about the text. 3. To help Ss master Reading Strategy. Teaching important points: 1.How to make the students understand the passage better. 2.How to help the students finish all the exercises. 3.How to help the students develop their creative, comprehensive and consolidating abilities. Teaching aids: multimedia and blackboard Interaction Patterns: Teachers -class, individuals, pairs Procedures for teaching: Step 1: Lead-in Many people like chatting on line, especially you students. You must have many e-pals. What do you think of online chat? Do you think it is really a good way to know more things and make more friends? Have you ever experienced any funny things or awkward situations when chatting with your cyber friends? Now, we will read an Internet chat room conversation. Surely you will know all about these after you read it. Sometimes online chat does benefit us a lot. Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page34. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions. Step 3: Detailed reading for important information. 1. Let’s read the passage again and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.
模块六必选案例分析 一、在杨老师的教学评价方案中参与评价的主体有哪些？他们之间的关系是怎样的？ 答：在杨老师的教学评价方案中参与评价的主体有老师、学生、家长，三者之间的关系是共同参与、相辅相成、交互作用，以多渠道、多元化的反馈信息促进学生不断进步，实现自身价值。 二、在杨老师的教学评价方案中使用了哪些评价工具？ 答：读了杨老师的新测评计划，（1）我认为杨老师设计的记录学生成长历程的学生档案袋是使用了档案袋评价工具；（2）杨老师发给学生的三种卡片，包括进步卡、阶段评价卡、期末终结性评价卡，以及发给家长的三张评价表，分别为学期初的《学生观察记录表》、家庭英语学习情况、月调查表、学期末的终结性评价表，是使用了量规评价工具。 三、你认为杨老师的教学评价方案体现了教学评价设计的哪些原则？ 答：读了杨老师的新测评计划，从她给学生的三种卡片以及发给家长的三张评价表，我认为她的教学评价方案体现了教学评价的六个原则：(1)目标性原则；杨老师设计的给学生设计的进步卡、阶段评价卡、期末终结性评价卡，以及给家长设计的观察记录表、月评表、终结性评价表的内容都比较明确具体。(2)关联性原则；杨老师无论是给学生设计的评价表，或者是给家长设计的评价表都是通过不同评价方式的互补，进而达到学习目标的实现（3）过程与结果统一原则；杨老师让学生和家长都参与到评价中来，对学生在学习过程中的态
度、兴趣、参与程度、任务完成情况等进行了方方面面的评价。（4）客观性原则；杨老师对学生的评价没有自己主观意识上的个人独断评价，而是结合学生自我评价、小组评价、家长评价的方式、阶段评价等综合对学生进行评价，符合客观实际。（5）整体性原则；杨老师设计的评价方案，对教学活动的各个方面做多角度、全方位的评价，体现评价的主体、内容、方式、对象和标准的多元化和评价过程动态化（6）指导性原则。杨老师为了家长也能参与到学生学习的评价中来，特意为家长量身定制了三张评价表，为家长对孩子的学习起到了指导作用。 四、杨老师的教学评价方案体现了新课程评价的哪些理念？ 答：杨老师的教学评价方案具体体现了以下五方面新课程评价的理念（1）评价的目的——促进发展。从杨老师的教学评价方案中可以看出，她对学生的评价注重评价的激励功能，从而促进了学生不断进步、不断发展。（2）评价的内容——综合化。杨老师在评价过程中，既重视学生知识技能的掌握，又关注学生的学习态度、学习过程、学习方法，对学生进行进行全方位的评价。（3）评价的标准分层化。杨老师对学生的评价涉及到学生学习的不同环节、不同阶段，这种形成性评价能促进学生在原有水平上的基础上不断提高和发展。（4）评价的方式——多样化。杨老师设计的教学评价方案，通过对学生学习档案袋的建立和为家长量身制作的评价表，对学生进行综合评价，丰富了评价和考试的方法。（5）评价的主体——多元化。杨老师设计的教学评价方案，改变了以前老师作为评价的唯一，让学生、教师、家长
模块六检测题答案 一、填空题 1．集成运算放大器主要由、、、四部分组成。 （输入级中间级输出级偏置电路） 2．若要集成运放工作在线性区，则必须在电路中引入反馈；若要集成运放工作在非线性区，则必须在电路中引入反馈或者在状态下。 （负正开环） 3．集成运放工作在线性区的特点是等于零和等于零；工作在非线性区的特点：一是输出电压只具有状态和净输入电流等于；在运算放大器电路中，集成运放工作在区，电压比较器工作在区。 （输入电流输出电阻两种零线性非线性） 4．理想集成运放的A u0＝，r i＝，r o＝，K CMR ＝。 （∞∞ 0 ∞） 5．集成运放的非线性应用常见的有、和发生器。 （单门限比较器滞回比较器方波） 6．直流电源是由变压器、、、四部分组成。 （整流电路滤波电路稳压电路） 7．硅稳压管稳压电路利用二极管特性，其电流变化时，的特点，组成稳压电路。
模 块 六 集成运算放大电路及其他模拟集成电路的应用与测试 8．实用的串联型稳压电路包含 、 、 和 四部分。 （调整元件 比较放大电路 基准电压电路 采样电路） 二、判断题 （ 对 ）1．运算电路中一般均引入负反馈。 （ 错 ）2．在运算电路中，集成运放的反相输入端均为“虚地”。 （ 对 ）3．凡是运算电路都可利用“虚短”和“虚断”的概念求解运算关系。 （ 对 ）4．“虚短”就是两点并不真正短接，但具有相等的电位。 （ 错 ）5．“虚地”是指该点与“地”点相接后，具有“地”点的电位。 （ 错 ）6．集成运放在开环状态下，输入与输出之间存在线性关系。 （ 对 ）7．各种比较器的输出只有两种状态。 （ 对 ）8．一般情况下，在电压比较器中，集成运放不是工作在开环状态，就是仅仅引入了正反馈。 （ 对 ）9．在输入电压从足够低逐渐增大到足够高的过程中，单限比较器和滞回比较器的输出电压均只跃变一次。 （ 对 ）10．整流电路可将正弦电压变为脉动的直流电压。 （ 对 ）11．电容滤波电路适用于小负载电流，而电感滤波电路适用于大负载电流。 （ 错 ）12．在单相桥式整流电容滤波电路中，若有一只整流管断开，输出电压平均值变为原来的一半。 三、选择题 1．集成运放电路采用直接耦合方式是因为（ C ）。 A ．可获得很大的放大倍数 B ．可使温漂小 C ．集成工艺难于制造大容量电容
牛津高中英语模块六语言点 Unit 1 Laughter is good for you 一、Reading 1. stand up for sth: 支持，维护…… We should strive to stand up for our right. 2. stage: n. 舞台，阶段，时期 be on the stage: 在舞台上；当演员，登台表演 go on the stage: 上舞台，当演员 on stage: 在舞台上 at a early stage: 在早期 ① One minute on the stage and ten years of practice off the stage. ② She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 他从小就相当演员。 ③ We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage. 我们远远的注视他们，只能通过荧屏或舞台钦慕他们的风采。 ④ The babies develop quickly at an early stage. 3. variety: n. (1) 变化，多样性[U] a life lacking variety. (2) 种类，各种各样 a variety of sth: 各种各样的 varieties of sth: ① He left for a variety of reasons. ②In the green grocers’ there are varieties of greens. 菜市场里有各种各样的蔬菜。 ③ The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich. 4. behave well / badly: 行为表现好∕坏 behave oneself: 行为表现好 ① He behaves badly all the time. ② Children, please behave yourself. 5. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄 Don’t take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you. 别拿他的话当真，他只是在取笑你。 6. trip over sth: 被……绊倒 trip sth (up): 绊倒…… ① She tripped over a cat and fell down. ② He tried to trip me but in vain. 7. get one’s start: 挣得第一桶金 howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑 He got his start in the business and howled with laughter. 8. have affection for sth: 喜爱，钟爱 He has great affection for his work. 9. later on: 后来，过些时候 10. such: adj. 那样的，这样的，如此的 such与数词或不定代词any，some，all，no等连用时放在它们之后；与不定冠词连用时，放在不定代词之前。例如： ① There is no such thing as a free lunch. ② You gave me such a flight. 11. live: adj. & adv. 现场直播的∕地