巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. The problem will appear _____ a different welfare system will be created.
A. unless
B. whether
C. until
D. if
2. The Green Corporation donated the property to the state of California, with one condition _____ the Green family would be allowed to use it when they wished.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. that
3. —You know, I’ poor in Chinese, you are not good at English. and...
—That’s _____ we should help each other.
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. what
4. Water, which seems so simple and common, is _____ makes life possible.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. how
5. The senior three students in our school received word last week ________ some excellent students had been admitted to Peking University without taking the exam.
A. that
B. which
C. how
D. what
6. Are you certain that this is _____ in his speech?
A. as Premier Li stressed
B. how Premier Li stressed
C. that Premier Li has stressed
D. what Premier Li has stressed
7. The old man told us not to remain _____ there was danger.
A. in which
B. the place where
C. at the place
D. where
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Yesterday, our teacher asked us when a man could be referred as an old man. David stood up and said people with wrinkles could be called old people. However, Mary didn’t 1 , for some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age owing to their 2 work. Then Lily expressed her idea that those reaching their 60s or more could be called old people. This time, Emily expressed her 3 that some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams, which makes them appear 4 . The class was over and we still didn’t reach any 5 , so the teacher asked us to think about it after class.
The 6 has reminded me of the saying of J. Barrymore that a man isn’t old as long as he is 7 something.
My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 now. She has __9__ her dream of being a painter since she was a little child. 10 , because her family was poor, she had to 11 her dream and stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family. Though she has 13 abandoned her dream, she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work. 15 , chance came when she retired from her work. She began taking her painting lessons 16 she had all-white hair and lots of wrinkles. At first, I was 17
her idea of attending school at so old an age, but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. She seems energetic and 19 fine.
So if we have our dream s and seek for them, we aren’t old. It’s when we don’t know what we want and let 20 be the center point of our lives that we can finally be regarded as the old.
1. A. respond B. agree C. identify D. understand
2. A. negative B. boring C. tough D. challenging
3. A. certainty B. wish C. theory D. doubt
4. A. attractive B. young C. intelligent D. ambitious
5. A. conclusion B. contract C. decision D. destination
6. A: embarrassment B. obstacle C. question D. confusion
7. A. preserving B. seeking C. treasuring D. possessing
8. A. even B. nearly C. only D. hardly
9. A. realized B. changed C. promoted D. kept
10. A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore
11. A. give up B. search for C. put aside D. stick to
12. A. reality B. society C. world D. nature
13. A. seldom B. occasionally C. already D. never
14. A. time B. energy C. help D. money
15. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Soon D. Fortunately
16. A. because B. once C. though D. unless
17. A. against B. for C. at D. with
18. A. risked B. rejected C. continued D. began
19. A. feels B. proves C. looks D. grows
20. A. achievements B. regrets C. dreams D. difficulties
三、阅读理解
A Papa’s jaw dropped when Mama told him that Sister had cheated on her final exams—not to succeed but to fail. “It’s unbelievable!” he said. “Sister has alwa ys been so proud of her good grades!”
“Yes, she has,” said Mama. “But it’s not unbelievable. It just shows how badly she wanted off the swimming team.”
“Wanted off the swimming team?” said Papa. “She never said anything about that to me.”
“Of course she didn’t,” said Mama. “She was afraid you’d blow your top. You already had her getting a swimming scholarship to college and winning gold medals at the Olympics. Can you imagine how much pressure she must have felt? For her, being on the team couldn’t have been much fun.”
“Oh, my gosh!” Papa said, clapping a hand to his forehead. “I’ve been so stupid! I just thought she’d want to be a champion swimmer because she’s so good at it.”
“It’s like anything else, dear,” said Mama. “No matter how good at it y ou are, if it stops being fun, you won’t want to do it anymore.”
Papa put his head in his hands.
“She must be really mad at me,” he mumbled. “Maybe I should say sorry to her.”
Sister’s footsteps could be heard on the stairs. She came into the kitc hen and looked hopefully up at her parents.
“Honey,” said Mama with a smile, “your papa and I have decided that there’s no reason for you to be on the swimming team if you don’t want to.”
Sister’s face lit up like a Christmas tree. “Yippee!” she crie d.
“And,” added Papa, “there’s no need for any more drills. I’m sure you’ll bring your grades back up all by yourself.”
Sister ran to Papa and jumped into his arms. She gave him a big hug. “I’m going to go play cards with Lizzy!” she said. “See you later!”
From the kitchen window, Mama and Papa watched their daughter run down the sunny road toward Lizzy’s house.
“It’s good to see her happy again,” said Mama.
“It sure is,” Papa agreed. “As for the swimming team, there’s always next year.”
“If?” Mama prompted him.
“Oh, right,” said Papa. “If she wants to.”
Mama smiled. “At least you’re learning, dear,” she said. She kissed him.
“Well, you know what they say,” Papa said. “Better late than never.”
1. The underlined expression “blow your top” probably means _____.
A. change your opinion
B. become very excited
C. get very angry
D. fall down with fear
2. Mama insisted that the child should do _____.
A. what she was willing to
B. what she felt easy to
C. what she was able to
D. what she felt right to
3. Which of the following words best describes Papa?
A. Cruel but reasonable.
B. Crazy but confident.
C. Stubborn but honest.
D. Ambitious but considerate.
4. Which might be the proper title for the passage?
A. Easier Said Than Done
B. Better Late Than Never
C. Health Is Better Than Wealth
D. Something Is Better Than Nothing
B.(2015中学一模) 根据短文容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gr atitude journal in order to remember what you’re grateful for. 1
Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you' re happy-even if you aren't. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. 2 Reassure yourself that
everything is good- even if you don't feel it.
“ 3 If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly, too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you’re setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. 4 You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
5 Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well - being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.
A. Try to help someone in need.
B. Want to give your attitude a lift?
C. People tend to think in an either - or way.
D. Act in an optimistic way-smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E. You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
四、短文改错(省市2017届高三上学期期中考试)
My name is Li Hua，an exchange student from China. I was writing to join in a mountain hiking tour project organizing by your travel agency. Hiking can be considered a great way to maintain healthy. The fresh air or the unforgettable landscape in the mountain can make travelers complete relaxed. Besides，hiking with a group provides a great opportunity for me to make friend with those who shares the same interest with me，What's more，I am physically strong, which is of very important in long distance tour. And I have strong team spirit, which makes me cooperate with another and deal with problems well.
五、语法填空
（2015中学一模）用括号所给单词的正确形式填空，每空1词。
A boy trembled in the cold winter, 1 (wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He 2 (wear) warm clothes and the temperature was - l0 C. A heartbreaking scene! But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed 3 11-year–old Johannes were both joyous 4 inspiring. A woman, sitting next to the boy, discovered he was 5 a school trip
and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She 6 (self) covered her own coat around his shoulders. Later, 7 woman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large jacket. Throughout the day, more and more people offered Johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs. 8 (actual), it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to collect 9 (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter. Synne Ronning, the information head of the organization, also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any 10 (dangerous) during the filming.
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。句意：是否创建一种不同福利制度的问题将会出现。whether引导同位语从句，解释说明the problem的容。if也有“是否”之意，但不能引导同位语从句。
2. D。句意：格林公司把这片地产捐赠给了加州政府，唯一的条件是格林家族在需要时可以使用它。condition后面接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，因此用连接词that。
3. B。where引导的从句作表语，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。
4. A。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“_____ makes life possible”中缺少主语，同时主语不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)，所以选A项。
5. A。word在此意为“消息”，空后对word的具体容进行说明，是它的同位语从句，故用that引导。
6. D。句意：你确定这就是温总理在他的讲话中所强调的吗?考查what引导的表语从句。what 在从句中作has stressed的宾语。A项as Premier Wen stressed属于定语从句句式，意为“正如温总理所强调的”。B、C两项的连接词不符合句意，故D项为正确答案。
7. D。句意：这位老人告诉我们不要在有危险的地方逗留。考查表语从句。where引导表语从句并在从句中作地点状语。这句话还可以写成：The old man to1d us not to remain m the place where there was danger.故选D项。
二、完形填空
1. B。大卫说有皱纹的人可谓老人，但玛丽认为“some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age”由此可知她并不赞成大卫的说法，故选B项。
2. C。根据生活常识可知，艰苦工作易使人有皱纹，而且下文介绍我奶奶的故事的时候，文中“she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work ”有“tough work”的提示。由此判断选C项。
3. D。莉莉说60或60岁以上的人可谓老人，但艾米丽认为“some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”，即她对莉莉的观点也表示怀疑。由此可推断选D 项。
4. B。结合语境可判断，此空应与“some old people”相对应，即老人“be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”使他们显得年轻。故选B项。
5. A。根据“so the teacher asked us to think about it after class”可推断对老师的提问未达成一致观点，故选A项。
6. C。根据语境可知，此空应指老师的提问“when a man could be referred as an old man”，由此判断选C项。
7. B。下文奶奶的故事就说明了这么一个道理，即“a man isn’t old as long as he is7 something”再根据下文“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 no w. ”和“So if we have our dreams and seek for them, we aren’t old. ”故可综合判断选B项。
8. A。由上下文语境可知，即使当奶奶70岁了，她还有自己追求的梦想。even when意为“即使当……的时候”，符合语境，故选A项。
9. D。由上下文可知，奶奶想当画家的梦想从孩提时代到70岁的高龄一直没有放弃过，即一直保持着这个梦想，故选D项。
10. A。奶奶尽管一直保持着这份梦想，然而因为家里穷，她不得不将自己的梦想搁置在一旁。前后是转折关系，故选A项。
11. C。根据“stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family”再结合奶奶一直未放弃其梦想可推断奶奶是将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁。put aside意为“将……搁置在一旁”，符合语境，故选C项。
12. B。由下文“I was 17 her idea of attending school at so old an age”可知，奶奶要想成为画家就必须上学，而奶奶却选择退学，走人社会去赚钱养家。由此语境判断选B项。
13. D。根据“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she's 70 now”可知奶奶从来没有放弃过她的梦想，故选D项。
14. A。根据“ 15 ，chance came when she retired from her work. ”可推断，奶奶退休以后才有时间学画画，即奶奶是因为没有时间才一直未实现她的梦想。故选A项。
15. B。奶奶年轻的时候就将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁，直到退休才有时间去实现梦想，这是一段多么漫长的时间，故此处田“终于（finally）”最符合语境. 即选B项.
16. C。根据前后的让步转折关系可判断选C项。
17. A。根据“…but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. ”可知起初我反对奶奶的想法，故选A项。.
18. D。由原来的反对，到后来的同意，可判断选D项，即；“开始觉得奶奶的选择是对的”。
19. C。根据“seems energetic”可知，此处指奶奶看上去很精神，而不是说奶奶自己感到有精神。由此判断选C项。
20. B。全文最后两句互为对应，由此对应关系可推断此句意为“当我们不知道自己的追求而让遗憾成为生活的中心的时候，我们才算‘老’”。由此判断选B项。
三、阅读理解
A篇.1．D.逻辑推理题。从第四段容可知,爸爸对她的高期望值使她压力很大,在游泳队里她不快乐,所以她想离开游泳队。
2．A.事实细节题。从文章第六段中的"No matter how good at it you are, if it stops being fun, you wo n’t want to do it anymore."可知,母亲认为孩子应该做她自己愿意做的事情。
3．D. 逻辑推理题。通读全文可知,父亲对孩子充满了较高的期望,可以说是ambitious(抱负远大),但当他知道女儿因此而不快乐时,能勇敢地承认自己的过错,可以说是considerate(善解人意)。
4．C.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,最后一段"Well, you know what they say," Papa said." Better late than never."是文章的主题句,所以C项作为标题能较好地概括全文。
B篇. 本文主要讲如何保持积极的生活态度。
1.G 第一段讲的是要记住一些愉快的事来获得幸福感，所以选G
2.D第二段讲到即使有不愉快的事，也可以通过调整心态来获得愉悦感,故选D项。
3.C第三段用堵车时应该选择什么样的心态来告诉人们在遇到不愉快的事时，应学会选择，第一句是总括
4.F根据此空后一句You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if
you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.可知集中于你不能完成的事情，你会感到失落，故选F项。
5.B最后一段讲的是如何提升幸福感的方法，就是做志愿者帮助别人，故选B项。
四、短文改错
1.was改为am
2. organizing改为organized
3. healthy改为health
4.or改为and
5. complete改为completely
6. friend改为friends
7. shares改为share 8.去掉very前的of 9. long前加a 10. another改为others
五、语法填空
本文讲述一个小男孩在寒冷的天气中现身说法号召人们帮助叙利亚儿童度过冬天进行捐献。
1. wrapping 句意：一个小男孩在寒冷的冬天发抖，抱着胳膊坐在公交车站台的椅子上。Wrapping表示伴随状语。
2. wasn’t wearing 句意：他穿得不暖和。根据语境可知用现在进行时。
3. the 句意：但是普通人看到11岁的Johannes的善行是即让人快乐又让人欣慰，表示特指这个11岁的孩子，故用the.
4. and joyous 与inspiring是并列，故用and.
5. on be on a trip ……的旅行。
6. selflessly 句意：她无私地用自己的衣服盖在他的身上。selflessly用来修饰covered。
7. another 句意：后来，另外一位女士给了他围巾，用她的夹克包住了他。
8. Actually 副词actually实际上，在句中做状语，修饰整个句子
9. donations collect donations收集捐献物；
10. danger in danger处在危险中；
名词性从句专项复习 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,连接副词：when, where, how, why, wh- ever 名词性从句连接词的选用 一、that 和what的选用： that 和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 二、if 和whether 的选用 不能使用if 的情况： a. 主语从句句首 b. 表语从句，同位语从句 c. if引起歧义 d. 介词后的宾语从句 e. 与to do连用 f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if 三、其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。 四、引导词that 的省略 that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略 that不可省略的情况：a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e.并列的宾语从句中，后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略 五、同位语从句的引导和辨别 1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词+ 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等. 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句. 4.中心词是“意见、建议、命令”从句要用虚拟（should）do 六、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语。从句中that充当成分，做宾语时可省略。 2.同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略. 判断从句类型 七、宾语从句的时态呼应 1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. 2. 如果主句时态是过去式，从句要改成相应的过去式 八、it做形式主语 常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 名词性从句专项练习
表语从句和同位语从句 Ⅰ语法填空单句训练（用适当的连接词填空） 1.I have made a promise ________I will buy her many gifts. 2.He is quite able; the question is ________he is willing to do such a job. 3.The news ________Tim has bought a big house in Beijing is true. 4.________ I can’t understand is ________ so few students are interested in my lecture. 5.We don’t care about the problem ________oil is expensive. 6.The good news is ________they have arrived there in time. 7.The fact ________ the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 8.The only doubt is ________has taken away my e-dictionary. 9.The question ________ the actress was killed is still under discussion. 10.Our school is not________ it used to be ten years ago. Ⅱ单项选择 1.Some experts think the wolf’s team spirit for survival is ________needed in today’s competitive culture. A. that B. what C. which D. how 2. --- He is eager to try something he has never tried before. ---Oh. I see. That’s ________he is different from others. A. when B. where C. how D. what 3. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ________the party to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 4. The reason ________his coming to Beijing was ________he wanted to study Chinese Medicine. A. for; what B. why; that C. why; because D. for; because 5. The moment ________Leo will never forget is ________Mr. Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing. A. that; when B. that; that C. when; that D. when; where 6. --- Mrs. Jackson, Dr Ellis i8s here. How is that new tooth? ---Not so good, doctor, that’s ________ I’m calling about. A. when B. why C. how D. what 7. The question remains ________we should accept their invitation. A. whether B. that C. if D. why 8. Honesty is a kind of quality and that’s ________it takes to communicate with others successfully. A. what B. why C. how D. which 9. What the boss really doubts is ________his employees will go on working in the factory. A. that B. what C. when D. whether 10. ---I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply. --- Oh, that was probably ________ I was seeing the doctor. A. why B. when C. what D. that 11. We all know the truth ________there is air, water and sunlight, there are living things. A. where B. wherever C. that D. that where 12. The professor gives every one of us the impression ________he is a real expert in his field. A. which B. what C. where D. that 13. The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 14. ---Always lock your bike to a bike rack, even if you are only away for a minute. ---That is ________ I agree with you. A. What B. Where C. that D. when
同位语从句与定语从句的区别（配练习与答案） 一、复习定语从句 1.定义：该句子在复合句中作定语，像形容词一样起修饰作用。 2.特点：1)用陈述句语序。2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。 3.位置：位于所修饰的名词之后，该名词叫做先行词。 4.引导词：1）关系代词： a) 在从句中可做主语，宾语，定语。 b) 分为：先行词为人：who(主，宾)，whom(宾)，whose(定), that（主，宾） 先行词为物：which(主，宾), that（主，宾）,whose（定） eg：The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。 2）关系副词：a)在从句中作状语。 b)分为：when , where, why eg：He came last night when I was out. 新内容： 1.词类：同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词 I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2.性质：同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true.
10级A班第六组作业 同位语从句 一、同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句, 其主要用途就是对前面的名词做进一步解释说明该名词的具体内容。 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常就 是: news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish 例句: I just got word that he is not coming this evening 、 Wehaven 't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summervacation 、The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever There is no doubt that he is guilty 、 There is great doubt whether he did so or not 、 二.同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常就是抽象名词, 常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 例句: 等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣, 对这个问题骗子就是怎样解释的? The news that his heath is failing made us sad 、 她健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。 I have no idea where they are spending their holidays 、我不知道她们在哪里度假。 The question who should do the work requires consideration 、谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑 There is no doubt that he will come here again 、她会再来这里, 这就是毫无疑问的。He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents 、她被就是否接受她们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。 三.同位语从句的引导词 1、连词that 引导同位语从句 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 、您认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法就是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 她拿起了手提箱, 给人的印象就是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 以下名词常用于以上句型: advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word
— 同位语从句 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： 1. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I heard the news _________ our team had won． 2. 我不知道你在这里。 I had no idea ___________ you were here． 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 * 3. I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message ____________ he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that, whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which不能引导同位语从句。）如： 4. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 I have no idea __________ he will be back． 5. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 He must answer the question ___________ he agrees to it or not. 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如： 6. 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 ， Several years later，word came __________ Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．7. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 The thought came to him __________ maybe the enemy had fled the city． 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that I have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。） The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 】 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材
1简单句与宾语从句 (2) 1.1陈述句作宾语 (2) 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 (3) 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 (3) 2简单句与表语从句 (5) 2.1陈述句作表语 (5) 2.2一般疑问句作表语 (5) 3简单句与同位语从句 (6) 3.1陈述句作同位语 (6) 3.2一般疑问句作同位语 (7) 3.3特殊疑问句作同位语 (7) 本章小结 (8) 1简单句与宾语从句 名词从句的本质是用三种句子（陈述句、一般问句和特殊问句）充当四种句子成分（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）。所以，当用三种句子充当另外一个句子的宾语时，就构成了宾语从句。因此，本节内容安排如下： 1.1陈述句作宾语 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 1.1陈述句作宾语 把“that＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1We know(that) the world is round.我们知道，地球是圆的。 2I think(that) a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎
实的语法功底对良好的写作极为重要。 需要注意的是，只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去（在不影响对句意的理解的情况下），而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that一般不能省去。 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 把“whether/if＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I don't know if/whether he needs my help我不知道他是否需要我的帮助。 2No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise 没有人知道利率是否会提高。 这里原来的一般问句是would interest rates rise，变成陈述句语序后成为interest rates would rise，然后为了保留疑问的意义又添加了whether or not，于是便有了whether or not interest rates would rise，在主句的谓语knew后面作宾语，即构成宾语从句。需要提醒的是，因为一般不说if or not，所以这里的连词不宜用if，而要用whether。 注意：只有宾语从句才可以用if引导，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一般都要用whether引导。 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序后放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I have not decided whom I should vote for我还没有决定该投谁的票。 这里的特殊疑问词whom是作vote for的宾语，所以需将原来的倒装句whom should I vote for调整为陈述句语序whom I should vote for，然后作主句谓语decided的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 2No one knows exactly how speech began没有人确切地知道语言是如何产生的。 这里的特殊疑问词how是作began的方式状语，所以需将原来的倒装句how did speech begin调整为陈述句语序how speech began，然后作主句谓语knows的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 3Could you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
同位语从句。 一. 同位语从句定义。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词/先行词后面，用以说明该名词/先行词表示的具体内容。 二. 同位语从句的名词/先行词。 1．可以跟同位语从句的名词/先行词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。 例：I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 例：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 3．有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词/先行词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 三. 同位语从句的引导词。 1.连词that引导，引导同位语从句的that不能省略，which不能引导同位语从句。 例：The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。 2. 连词whether引导，if不能引导同位语从句。 例：The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 3.其它引导词引导，连接代词what,who,whom,whose，引导同位语从句。 1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。 2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. 问题谁来接替他的位置还不是很明朗。 4. 连接副词when,where,how,why 引导。 例：We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1. 意义的不同。 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句） We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句） 2.引导词的不同。 what,how,whatever 等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。Which可引导定语从句但不引导同位语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同 that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。 4. 被修饰词语的区别。
名词性从句名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句） （一）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： 4．(1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。。 C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 D.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 （二）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses 名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句 同位语从句： I.明确概念与特征： 1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如： The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents. I had no idea when the storm would end. 2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如： Word came that the sports meet had been put off. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift. 3. 同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. Exciting word came that I passed the exam. II. 正确选用引导词 一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。 1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略； The idea that we play football after class is great. 2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if； The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort. 3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。 I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste. At last I made a decision that I would never come back again. The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion. All of us had no idea why he refused our help. The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us. We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light. 4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that we will win the final match. I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time. III. 注意从句中的时态 一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如 I have no idea when he will be back. I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.
同位语从句专项训练 一．判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。 1.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. The news that you told us is really encouraging. 2.The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 3.The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody． The fact that we talked about is very important． 4.Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 二．请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。 1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon. 2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true. 3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week. 4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once. 7. I have no idea __________ he will be back． 8. He must answer the question ___________ he agrees to it or not. 9.Several years later,word came __________ Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them． 10. I have no impression __________ he went home, perhaps by bike. 三. 改错题。(每句都有一个错误) 1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy. 2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not. 4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday. 5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right. 6. The fact why she works hard is well known to us all.
名词性从句 名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句） （一）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。。 C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 D.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 （二）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
同位语从句练习 1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. I’ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 11. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that 13. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 14. There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose 15. We can see the same signs ____ stand out throughout the city. A. that B. which C. in which D. whose