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考博汉译英3步

考博汉译英3步
考博汉译英3步

阅读命题规律与应试策略

1 事实细节题

列举处常考,列举指的是First, …. Second, …. Third, …. 等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举的内容中,选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序,而是采取句式排比的方式进行。

举例与打比方的地方常考,为了使自己的观点更具有说服力,更加明确,作者常以具体事例来佐证。这些例子或比喻常会成为考点。因此考生应该注意那些引出这些例子或比喻的标志词。这类词很多,常见的有as, such as, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。

(指示)代词出现处常考,这些考题常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的语际关系和意义。

引用人物论断处常考,作者为正确表达自己的观点或使论点更有依据,常会引用某些权威人士的论断或介绍其重要发现等,命题者常在此处做文章。

特殊标点符号后的内容常考,由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明,因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说,特殊标点符号包括:破折号(表解释),括号(表解释),冒号(表解释),引号(表引用)。

2.判断词汇和短语的意义题

含有指示代词的句中,常有被考查的词语或短语,

具体环境中,具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇,尤其是名词,常成为考查对象。

一词多义的常见词及词组易考,有些词一词多义,要求考生能通过阅读,理解该词的确切含义。平时积累生词时,一定要把大纲规定范围内的所有词义都掌握才能胸有成竹。

对比处常考,这类题目旨在考查考生能否从具有对比含义的上下文中猜测出某个单词的含义来。

复杂句常考,复杂句由于其句子结构复杂、句子之间的指代关系复杂特点,成为考查考生理解能力的一种常用手段。

3.推理判断题

综合性推论和判断试题常会围绕文章出题。要求将篇首、篇尾、段落中的主题句概括归纳,从中推断出全文主题;综合性推论和判断题还围绕文章若干段落进行,要求推理和判断段落间关系。支持主题思想的细节部分常考。这些细节部分表现形式多样,可以是列举、例证、实验、人物论断等,要求考生对这部分内容进行判断推理。文章或段落开头处,尤其是文章结尾总结处常考。

4.主旨大意题

段首、结尾句常考,一般来说,短文中首段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处;有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此,命题者常在这些地方出题。

特殊标点符号,尤其在段首处的特殊符号之后的内容,因为往往表达了作者的论点,阐释了全文主题,因而成为考查内容。

语义转折处,尤其在段首处的语义转折处,常是考点因为转折处后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点,而这正是文章中心思想所在。

因果句常考,因果句也可表现作者的目的、观点或文章主题,因此成为考点。表示因果关系的词有:because, since, for, as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from等。有时作者也通过给出why … ?一类的问题,后面给予回答的方式阐释文章主题

5.观点态度题

涉及文章中心思想处易考,文章中心思想的组织脉络与作者的观点和态度是密切相关的。有时,做一道观点态度题,需要通读全文,分析作者的思想,把握文章的脉络,而后才能正确地判断出作者的思想和态度。

作者提出观点处易考,这重要出现在议论文体中。议论文中作者思路一般是提出某观点,而后给予辨证支持,最后得出与观点相一致的结论。因此明了作者的观点,就把握了作者的基本思想和态度,所以这样的内容自然成为观点和态度题的考点。

语义转折或强对比处易考,语义转折或强对比处往往标志着作者将要提出文章的重点内容,表明其基本思想,自然也反映了他的观点和态度,因此命题者会围绕此处出题。

文章中复杂句处、特殊句型或句式处易考,复杂句(尤其是表示条件或让步的主从复合句中)常暗示着作者的观点和态度;而且,特殊句型(如not only … but also …等)或特殊句式(如强调句式)及虚拟语气等都以不同于一般陈述句的方式,提示读者注意,预示所说内容的重要,自然该内容与作者观点态度有密切关系。

汉英翻译三步策略(考博英语翻译)

一、翻译中的一个悖论

英汉翻译和汉英翻译,哪一个更难?大多数人会答曰:汉英翻译更难。显然,这看起来是一种合理的问问题的方法,其实并非如此。英汉翻译和汉英翻译,没有哪一个更难和不难的问题,只是因人而异,视个人的英语水平和翻译水平而定。那么,为什么大多数中国人会有一种明显的“汉英翻译比英汉翻译更难”的感觉呢?有回答这个问题,我们有必要了解一下翻译的过程。

其实,无论是英汉翻译,还是汉英翻译,就翻译的过程而言,只有两个:一是对原文的理解,二是用译文来表达。弄明白理解和表达这两个过程,我们就可以清楚的看到,为什么大多数人会有一种“汉英翻译更难”的论调了。

首先,有必要考查一下英汉翻译的过程。如果做英汉翻译的话,我们第一步需要理解英语,然后再把理解到的英语表达成为汉语就可以了。因为英语毕竟是我们的外语,所以大多数人认为,我们不懂英语是正常的。所以,无论英译汉这个过程汇总,英语有多难或者有多简单都没有关系,我们可以查阅英语词典得出比较正确的译文。然后,换过来,汉译英则不一样了。那些认为汉译英更难的人就认为,明明我们认识汉语,却不能用地道的英语来翻译,所以,汉译英很难做。但是,如果我们这样来想,在英译汉的过程中,我们连第一步(理解英语)可能都无法完成;而汉译英的话,好歹我们能完成翻译的第一步(理解汉语原文)。没有人能否认我们中国人,看不懂汉语吧?

既然如此,我们就能够克服那种长期以后认为“汉英翻译更难”的心理障碍了。那么如何比较有效的完成汉英翻译呢?根据长期以来积累从事翻译教学的经验,笔者认为可以从以下三个步骤来着手:

汉英翻译三步策略之一:定主语

1.翻译的单位

在翻译中,最小的翻译单位是什么?是篇章吗?是段落吗?是句子吗?是单词吗?甚至是音节吗?这是一个翻译理论家长期以来争论不休的一个话题。现在大多数翻译家、翻译理论家和翻译实践家都趋向于以篇章或者是整个问题为基本的翻译单位。但是,对于初学翻译的人来说,或者那些根本没有掌握翻译的人,要去应付一个翻译考试的时候,笔者认为,句子可能是最好的翻译单位。

什么是句子?或者具体说来,在汉英翻译中,要把汉语翻译成英语,究竟什么是英语的句子?柯林斯词典对英语句子的定义是这样的:A sentence is a group of wo rds which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark o r exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.具体说来,英语的句子可以这样来定义:一个句子就是一组词,在书面语中,每一个句子首词的第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或者感叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。

根据英语句子的定义,我们可以清楚的知道,英语的句子中,大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译,只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语,就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。而英语本身语法非常严谨,逻辑非常严密的特点,所以,在汉英翻译中,主语的确定和谓语的选择就是成功构建英语句式结构的关键,也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。

2.确定汉语原文的主语为英语译文的主语

1) 把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语充当译文的主语,这是一种最简单、最可靠的对应方法,也是我们做汉英翻译“定主语”的时候首先应该考虑的方法。如:

例1.当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。(中国社会科学院

04年考博英语翻译试题)

At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and profound changes since the end of Cold War.

例2.和平与发展仍然是摆在世界各国人民面前的两大课题。(同上)

Peace and development are still the two subjects confronted with people all over the wo rld.

以上两个例子中,汉语句子的主语是名词,由于名词在英语句子中可以直接充当主语,所以在翻译的时候可以直接对应下来,确定这个名词为译文的主语。

2) 汉语和英语都有一个共同的特点,就是代词可以充当主语,所以,我们当然还可以直接选用汉语原文中的代词来充当英语译文的主语。如:

例3.我们正努力教育公民不要像西方国家那样过度消费,比如使用过多的空调、私人汽车、以及随意处理的产品。(中国社会科学院02年考博英语翻译试题)

We are managing to educate citizens to avoid the behavio r of over-consumption, such as the excessive use of air conditioners, private cars and disposable products at will.

例4.如今我们有许多不同的选择:除传统的家常菜以外,还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。(武汉大学04年考博英语翻译试题)、

Nowadays we have many varieties of choices: nutrition-balanced and healthy food, convenient and delicious fast food in addition to traditional homemade meal.

3) 在汉语中,除了上述名词和代词可以作主语之外,动词也可以直接充当主语,英语的动词原形则不能。可是,我们非常清楚的知道,英语中的动名词或者动词不定式形式则可以充当主语。所以,如果我们要确定汉语的动词主语来充当英语译文的主语时,必须要使用这个动词的动名词形式或者不定式形式。如:

例5.帮助真正的穷人,要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中来,符合所有人的利益。(中国社会科学院03年考博英语翻译试题)

Helping the truly poo r is much wo rthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all.

例6.推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展,是中国人民在新世纪的三大历史任务。

To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard wo rld peace and promote common development are the three histo rical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.

3.重新确定主语

由于汉语和英语两种语言存在着较的的差异,有时候,确定汉语句子的主语为英语译文句子主语的时候,常常会导致英语句子的逻辑比较混乱,而不能直接对应。所以,这时候,就有必要从原句中挑出其他词来,充当英语译文的主语。

1)把汉语确定汉语原文的宾语为英语译文的主语

宾语是动作所及的对象,常常是人或者物。在翻译中,我们可以选择汉语原文的宾语来充当英语译文的主语。但是,在这种情况下,一般需要用英语的被动句式来翻译。如:

例7.伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大的科学观念的理解都需要智慧。

Wisdom is required both in appreciating great artistic wo rks and in understanding great scientific concepts.(中国科学院02年3月考博英语翻译试题)

说明:在这个例子中,我们可以看到,汉语的主语太长,如果直接用汉语原文的主语来充当英语译文的主语,就显得有点头重脚轻。这个时候,我们就可以利用“英语句子多用被动句”的特点,确定汉语原文的宾语“智慧”来充当英语译文的主语。

例8.为了保证国民经济持续、快速、健康地发展,我们必须加快国有企业的改革步伐。(中

国社会科学院02年考博英语翻译试题)

The speed of refo rm of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.

说明:在这个例子中,汉语原文的主语应该是“我们”。但是,这个我们属于泛指的,不专门针对某一个人或者某几个人。当然,一方面,我们可以采用选取汉语原文的“我们”来充当英语译文的主语,而把这个句子的译文安排为“We must accelerate…”这样一个结构。但是,直接选用汉语原文的宾语“国有企业的改革步伐”来充当英语译文的主语,并且不提出这个泛指的主语“我们”,更适合英语的表达方式。

例9.目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和经济改革。(同上)

At present, a sweeping and profound social and economic refo rm is being carried out in China.

说明:在这个例子中,汉语是一个无主句。显然,一方面,我们可以确定汉语的宾语为英语的主语,使用英语的被动结构来翻译,避免了需要去找一个动作发出者来充当主语的情况。以上例子清楚的说明,选择汉语原文的宾语充当译文主语的情况下,通常是需要用英语的被动结构来翻译的。但是,并不是说所有确定汉语原文宾语为译文主语的情况都一定要用被动结构来翻译。如:

例10.中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。(武汉大学04年考博英语翻译试题)

Many changes are taking place in China's diet style.

说明:我们可以看到,上面这个例子中,汉语原文的主语是“中国的饮食方式”,谓语是“发生”,宾语是“许多变化”。当一旦确定了宾语“许多变化”为英语译文主语的时候,这个英语译文的逻辑结构就可以直接用主动结构:Many changes are taking place…。因为在英语中,“变化”与动词“发生”的搭配是符合逻辑,而不能说“变化被发生”。

2)确定汉语原文主语中心词的修饰语来充当英语译文的主语

有时候,汉语主语中心词的修饰语可能是整个句子的突出部分。在翻译的时候,为了正确传达原文中突出的信息,我们就可以把主语中心词前面的修饰语确定为英语译文的主语。如:例11.中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。(武汉大学04年考博英语翻译试题)

China has a long histo ry in her diet culture.

说明:在这个例子中,汉语的主语是“中国的饮食文化”,其主语中心词是“文化”。如果确定“文化”为英语译文的主语,则原来汉语句子只能生硬的转化为“文化具有历史”这样的英语结构。所以我们可以把主语中心词前面的修饰语“中国”确定为英语译文的主语,这样一来,整个句子的逻辑结构就非常清楚,突出了“中国在饮食文化方面具有悠久的历史”这个信息。

例12.他的身材魁梧,生一副大长方脸,嘴巴阔大,肌肤呈着紫檀色。(选自陈宏薇和李亚丹新编汉英翻译教程)

He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the colour of read sandalwood.

说明:在这个例子中,从形式上看,汉语的主语中心词是“身材”,单似乎随后的三个部分的内容“生一副大长方脸,嘴巴阔大,肌肤呈着紫檀色”都是在说明“他”,而不是“他的身材”。因为我们不能说“他的身材生了一副大长方脸”,所以,我们就确定汉语原文主语中心词的修饰语“他”来充当英语译文的主语。

4.增加主语

汉语句法具有开放性和松散性,句子不一定要有主语,因而有许多无主句,如“出太阳了”,“昨晚放了一场电影”等;另外一些句子,在上下文意思清楚的情况下,主语往往承前省略,出现许多主语省略句。在将这些无主句和省略句译为英语时,必须补出主语,以形成英语译文中主谓齐备的格局。但是,补出什么作主语是一个十分复杂的问题。译者必须透彻理解上下文,仔细斟酌原文的确切含义,反复推敲英语的表达方式,才能补出恰当的主语,否则会

歪曲原文的意思。增加主语的方法一般有以下几种:

1)增加泛指的主语“we, you, one”等。

汉语句子在泛指的时候,显然可以增加上英语表示泛指的主语。如:

例13.充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。(上海理工大学04年考博英语翻译试题)

We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill it's significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.

例14.然而,要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何,考试是考不出名堂来的。(中国人民大学02年考博英语翻译试题)

But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence o r practical abilities of a person. 

例15.凡事应该适度,适度是最安全的。(天津大学01年考博英语翻译试题)

One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.

2) 增加英语代词it作主语

在英语中,代词it作主语的情况非常多。因为这个代词表示的意义非常丰富,它可以表示汉语中的气候、天气、时间等无主句,如“下雨了(It is raining),三点了(It’s 3 o’clock now)等,当然,它还可以充当强调句和形式主语句型的主语。如:

例16.自从理查德•尼克松(Richard Nixon)同癌症宣战以来已经有30年了。(武汉大学03年考博英语翻译试题)

It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer.

说明:在这个例子中,汉语原文是一个明显的表示时间的无主句。我们则可以增加英语的代词it来充当英语译文的主语。

例17.大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在。(中国人民大学03年考博英语翻译试题)It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research wo rk at a basic level.

说明:在这个例子中,汉语的原文主语是“大学的研究所”。但是如果我们确定“大学的研究所”作为英语译文的主语,则没有办法很好的体现汉语原文的强调语气“才是”。所以,我们就可以增加代词it,用英语的强调句型来翻译。

例18.知道这个答案是有用的……如果你想到英语国家去念大学,或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话,通过语言考试那就至关重要了。

It’s useful to know the answer… it is vital if you want to be enrolled in a college o r university in an English-speaking country, o r if you want to find a job which requires English language skills. 说明:在这个例子中,我们可以非常清楚的看到,汉语原文有非常显著的用英语代词it充当形式主语来翻译的特征:那就是,如果汉语句型通常呈现出“…是很重要/有用/有意义的”等结构,或者是“据说(It is said…),有人认为(It is taken that…)”等结构。

3)增加there be…

显然,如果汉语原文表达的是“有、存在、出现”等概念,我们则可以用英语的there be…句型来翻译。如:

例19.还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们,他们还需要政府的资助。(武汉大学04年考博英语翻译试题)

There will still be some people living in extreme poverty, who are still in need of the government's financial suppo rt.

例20.举例来说,在早先的法国洞穴绘画里,早于公元前10,000年的绘画中没有人与人打仗的画面。(复旦大学02年考博英语翻译试题)

For example, among ancient French cave drawings earlier than 10,000 B.C., there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other.

从上述分析中我们可以知道,汉语的语言句法和逻辑结构比较松散,而英语则有非常清楚的语法结构和严谨的逻辑结构。而英语句子基本上是围绕主语来展开句型结构的,正因此,我们有必要在汉英翻译中,确定英语的主语。只要确定了汉语原文中用什么来充当英语译文的主语,我们就基本上能选择出一个合适的谓语动词来。可以这么说,英语的语法结构更多的表现在英语的谓语上,或者说表现在主语和谓语之间的相互制约。所以,谓语的选择也是汉英翻译中一个非常重要的问题。

中科院2006年3月考博英语翻译试题及译文

Part IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)

Direction: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet II.

As we enter the 21st century, the gap between the worlds’s rich and poor is widening, both within and among countries. 1) The vast majority of the world's population is receiving an ever-decreasing share of its collective wealth, while the share claimed by a few rich nations and individuals is steadily growing. In 2001 Forbes magazine counted 538 billionaires with a total net worth of 1.7 trillion dollars, while the United Nations identified 2.8 billion people surviving on less than two dollars a day. Overall, the richest 20 percent of the world's people control 86 percent of global income, while the poorest 20 percent control barely one percent.

The impacts of this widening rich-poor gap are varied and worrisome. 2) They include environmental destruction—richer nations and individuals can afford to over-consume resources, while poorer nations and individuals are forced to over-exploit the environment just to survive. They include migration—people are forced to move in search of adequate resources. And they include conflict—wealthier nations and individuals fight to keep what they have, while those suffering a lack of resources fight to obtain them. 3) Because poorer groups typically lack the assets and technology to conduct large-scale conventional war to obtain their goals, they often resort to low-intensity conflict and terrorism.

The causes of this global disparity are diverse and complex, but include colonial era trading patterns that favor industrialized nations; the globalization of economies and economic structures, in which poor nations struggle to compete; a growing "digital divide" characterized by lack of access to information technology; inadequate governance and protection of law; and lack of access to education, healthcare, and social safety nets, especially for women and girls.

4) Individuals and nations need not remain in poverty indefinitely, however. With an awareness of the interdependence of our modern world and a concerted political will, it is possible to reverse this trend that threatens to divide the world against itself. And reversing this trend would have powerful and positive impact on our future.

5) Bringing the nearly 5 billion people of the less industrialized world into a sustainable economy through “pro-poor” policies would provide a tremendous boost to the world economy, as well as to those people. With increased economic opportunities comes improved access to nutrition, education, and health care. With those comes higher income, greater autonomy—especially for women—and the opportunity to pursue environmentally sound technologies and products.

进入21世纪以来,在全球范围内,不论是国内还是国家之间,贫富差距加大。全球财富中,世界上绝大多数人所能获得的份额在日益减少,而少数几个富人和富国所获得的份额却在稳步增长。2001年《福布斯》杂志收录了资本净值总额为l.7万亿美元的538位亿万富翁,而联合国确认有28亿人每天靠不足2美元艰难度日。总的说来,全世界最富裕的20%的人口控制着全球86%的财富,而最贫穷的20%的人El所占的财富仅为1%。

贫富差距日益加大所产生的影响是方方面面的,也是令人担忧的。其中包括对环境的破坏:富人和富国因财力充足而过度地消费资源;穷人和穷国为了生存而不得不过度地开发利用环境。其次是迁移——人们为了寻找足够的资源而不得不背井离乡。还有冲突——富人和富国通过对抗以确保对财富的所有权;饱受资源不足之苦的穷人和穷国则通过对抗来获得他们所需要的资源。贫穷的群体一般都缺乏资金和技术,无力从事大规模的常规战争以达到自己的目的,因此常常诉诸于小型的对抗和恐怖活动。

虽然导致全球贫富差距的原因是多方面的,也是很复杂的,但是其中就包括了有利于工业化国家的殖民时代的贸易模式;穷国在其中奋力抗争的经济和经济结构的全球化;由于信息技术不发达而逐渐增大的“数字化差异";法律管理和保护的不善;教育、医疗保健、社会安全保障体系的缺乏,尤其是针对妇女和女童的安全保障体系的缺乏。

但是,这些国家和个人不必毫无止境地贫困下去。意识到当今世界需要相互依赖,在共l司的政治愿望的促使下,扭转这种迫使世界违背自身的愿望而分裂的趋势是有可能的。而扭转这种趋势对我们的未来会产生积极而有力的影响。

执行“扶贫”政策,把来自世界工业发展欠发达地区的近50亿人都纳入到一个可持续经济发展的框架之下,将不仅造福于这50亿人,而且将极大地推动世界经济的发展。随着经济发展机遇的增加,人们获得的营养、教育和医疗保健的水平也得以改善。而这些带来的又是高收入、高度自治——尤其是妇女的高度自治以及追求环保型技术和产品的机遇

大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班,但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知,肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说,发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授,邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀,身体十分虚弱,几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为,伴随着电视机长大的一代人,在电视机前花的时间太多,以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看,这幅画并不好,但经过仔细观察,我们才发现它的的确观察,我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去,突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了? W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨,你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的,不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说,坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道,那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果,资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典,遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

英语汉译英翻译

Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力,集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】

2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时,什么都比你高,你会自卑;俯视大地时,什么都比你低,你会自负;只有放宽视野,把天空和大地尽收眼底,才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑,不要自负,坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习:泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英,各博士招生院校大多都有此题型,考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习,供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方,尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义,就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单,就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单,将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面,然后倒入醋,封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地,泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿,最后会变得通体碧绿的,如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家,一到腊月初八,过年的气氛一天赛过一天,

华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考: Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析: 大蒜:garlic

新视野大学英语第四册课后习题汉译英答案(重点突出版)

Unit 1 1、这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能够很好的成长 The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2、研究结果表明,无论我们白天做了什么事情,晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3、有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大的努力,以此来为自己的失败辩护 Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4、我们忠于自己的承诺:凡是答应做的,我们都会做到 We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it. 5、连贝多芬的父亲都不敢相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪 生也同样如此,他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝 Even Beethoven’s father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6、当局控告他们威胁国家安全 They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security. Unit 2 1、要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话,就会吸引更多的观众 If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience. 2、她从未对自己的能力失去信心,因此它有可能成为一名成功的演员 She never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3、我从未接受过正式的培训,我只是边干边学 I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along. 4、随着产品进入国际市场,他们的品牌知名度越来越高了 As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity. 5、她可以编造一个故事,说自己被窃贼打昏,所有的钱都没了,但她怀疑自己是否能让这 故事听起来可信 She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable. 6、谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问,可是这引起了对他更多的批评 No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him. Unit 3 1、据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂,市长决定亲自出马调查这件事 Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to l ook into the affair in person. 2、这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了These workers regret yielding to the management’s advice and going back to work. Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs. 3、你只需填写一张表格就可取的会员资格,它可以使你在买东西的时享受打折的优惠

统计学专业英语翻译

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人大考博英语汉译英专项练习(1-10,含详解)

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各专业的英文翻译

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专业英语翻译

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