建筑材料考试复习资料小抄版
建筑材料的基本性质
1.密度是指材料在绝对密实状态下单位体积的质量.对于某一种材料来说,无论环境怎样变化,其密度都是一定值.材料随含水率的增加,材料的密度不变,导热系数增加. 对于颗粒状外形不规则的坚硬颗粒,如砂或石子,其体积可采用排水法测得,故对此类材料一般采用表观密度表示.材料的体积密度是材料在自然状态下,单位体积的质量.材料的堆积密度是指粉状,颗粒状或纤维状材料在堆积状态下单位体积的质量.
2.材料吸水后,将使材料的强度和保温性降低.软化系数表明材料的耐水性.软化系数越小,材料的耐水性能越差.在100g 吸水率为3%的湿砂中,其中水的质量为2.9g.在100g吸水率为4 %的湿砂中,折算为干砂的质量为100 / ( 1 + 0.04 )克.某材料吸水饱和后的质量为20kg,烘干到恒重时,质量为16kg,则材料的质量吸水率为25%.某材料吸水饱和后的质量为25克,烘干到恒重时的质量为20克,则材料的质量吸水率为25%.材料的开口孔隙率(开口孔隙体积与材料在自然状态下体积之比的百分数)的大小,可根据该材料的体积吸水率来确定.材料的导热系数与其厚度无关.
3.影响材料强度测量值的因素有:试件的形状和大小;加荷速度;温度;含水状态;表面状况.
材料与水有关的性质主要有:材料的亲水性和憎水性以及材料的吸水性,吸湿性,耐水性,抗冻性,抗渗性等.
弹性是指材料在外力作用下发生变形,当外力解除后,能完全恢复到变形前形状的性质.这种变形称为弹性变形或可恢复变形. 4.密度:
体积密度:孔隙率:体积吸水率:质量吸水率: 气硬性胶凝材料
1.石灰的主要成分为CaCO3.石灰在使用前一般要进行陈伏,这是为了消除过火石灰的危害.由于石灰浆体硬化时体积收缩大,以及硬化速度慢等缺点,所以不宜单独使用.过火石灰产生的原因是由于是由于煅烧温度过高,煅烧时间过长.过火石灰会引起石灰的后期熟化,抹灰后会造成起鼓和开裂.石灰浆体在空气中凝结硬化是受到结晶和碳化两种作用.石灰膏体的硬化是由于干燥硬化,结晶硬化和碳化硬化作用完成的.石膏硬化时体积微膨胀,硬化后孔隙率降低. 建筑石膏凝结硬化时,最主要的特点是凝结硬化快.建筑石膏的化学成分是β
型半水石膏. 水玻璃是Na2O×nSiO2的水溶液.
2.石灰的熟化是指生石灰(CaO)加水之后水化为熟石灰[Ca(OH)2]的过程.
生石灰熟化的方法有淋灰法和化灰法.
石灰熟化的特点:生石灰具有强烈的消解能力,水化时放出
大量的热.生石灰水化时体积增大.
3.当入窑石灰石块度较大,煅烧温度较高时,石灰石块的中心部位达到分解温度时,其表面已超过分解温度,得到的石灰称其为过石灰.若煅烧温度较低,大块石灰石的中心部位不能完全分解,此时称其为欠火石灰.
过火石灰熟化十分缓慢,其可能在石灰应用之后熟化,其体积膨胀,造成起鼓开裂,影响工程质量.欠火石灰则降低了石灰的质量,也影响了石灰石的产灰量.
4.为了消除过火石灰在使用中造成的危害,石灰膏(乳)应在储灰坑中存放半个月以上,然后方可使用.这一过程叫作"陈伏".
一、选择对错 1.Shall we see a movie tonight? See your later. B wrong 2. what would you like to drink, madam? Can I have a glass of white wine? A. Right 3.When did you first come to China? 10 years ago. A right 4.Do you like your job? I’m a nurse B wrong 5. What are you going to do this evening? I went there with some friends B wrong 1. Hello, Xiaoyan. How was the party? --- Hi, Jack. We had a great time A.right 2. How are you feeling today? ---I’d rather stay at home. B wrong 3. How old are you ---Yes, I am. B. wrong 4. Can I get you something to drink? ---Yes, please. A coca-cola for me A. right 5. How can I book a cheap hotel? ---If I were you, I’d phone a travel agent A right 1. --- Are you ready to order? Yes. I’ll have a steak, please A. right 2.--- Is there a bank near here? Yes. There is one just down the road B wrong 3. When did he go to America ---Two years ago. A. right 4.--- I went to a fashion show last night.
I. Vocabulary and Structure Directions ： Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) 1. I he ________ of mankind has taken thousands of years. A. realization B. circumstance C. civilization D. circulation 2. We want especially to thank the _ _____ friends who gave us encouragement. A. numerous B. nutritious C. ridiculous D. anxious 3. They are the sort of friends who are so close they ______________ each other with their lives. A. depend C. trust served each of them well over the two brutal weeks they struggled up the mouniain. B. forgive D. believe 4. Their A. disability B. possibility congratulations D. friendship 5. W. A. Mozart will be as one of history's most famous child prodigies. A. memorized remembered I), reminded 6.'】'o many people? lasers are very but a laser is simply a device that produce a very strong light. A. mysterious B. fantastic C, terrific I), amazing 7. Dennis Joyce is a 30-year of an electric company in New York. 492 A. embroidery C. employment & It had to be done, otherwise I B. employee D. enjoyment
真题一 一、交际英语 1、- Hello, I'm David Chen. Nice to meet you. - _______ A：Are you? B：Nice to meet you too. C：Yes. D：Very nice. 答案： B 2、-- Happy birthday to you! -- _______________ A：Happy birthday to you! B：I am very glad． C：That's all right． D：Thank you． 答案： D 3、- Mr. Jones, this is Sean, an English teacher from the United States. - ______________ A：What can I do for you?
B：Nice to meet you. C：Please keep in touch. D：Haven't seen you for ages. 答案： B 4、- I'm sorry. I lost the key. - ________ A：Well, it's OK. B：No, it's all right. C：You are welcome. D：You are wrong. 答案： A 5、- Could I speak to Don Watkins, please？ - ________ A：Speaking, please. B：Oh, how are you？ C：I'm listening. D：I'm Don. 答案： A 二、阅读理解 1、 Snowflakes look like white stars falling from the sky. But there have been times when snow has looked red, green,
电大英语2期末考试试题 一、选择对错 1.Shall we see a movie tonight? See your later. A. Right B wrong 2. what would you like to drink, madam? Can I have a glass of white wine? A. Right B wrong 3.When did you first come to China? 10 years ago. A right B wrong 4.Do you like your job? I’m a nurse A right B wrong 5. What are you going to do this evening? I went there with some friends A. right B wrong 1. Hello, Xiaoyan. How was the party? --- Hi, Jack. We had a great time A.right B wrong 2. How are you feeling today? ---I’d rather stay at home. A.right B wrong 3. How old are you ---Yes, I am. A. right B. wrong 4. Can I get you something to drink? ---Yes, please. A coca-cola for me A. right B wrong 5. How can I book a cheap hotel? ---If I were you, I’d phone a travel agent A right B wrong 1. --- Are you ready to order? Yes. I’ll have a steak, please A. right B wrong 2.--- Is there a bank near here? Yes. There is one just down the road A. right B wrong
2020 年最新电大《管理英语3》形成性考试题库 1.［单选题］交际用语:-I'm dog tired. I can't walk any further, Tommy. - Jenny. You can do it. A.No problem https://www.doczj.com/doc/bf2611639.html,e on C.No hurry 2.［单选题］交际用语: - I wish you success in your career. A.Go ahead B.It doesn't matter C.The same to you 3.［单选题］交际用语: -Sorry, I made a mistake again. - . Practice more and you'll succeed. B.Certainly not. C.Don't mention it. 4.［单选题］交际用语: -Would you like some more beer? - , please. A.Just a little B.No more C.I've had enough 5. ［单选题］交际用语: - Could I help you with your heavy box? You look so tired. .I can manage it. （2分） A. Yes, please. B. AlI right. C. No, thanks. 6.［单选题］词汇与结构: The machine this morning for no reason. （2 分） A.broke off B.broke down C.broke up 7.［单选题］词汇与结构: A number of boys _ absent some time during the term. （2 分） A.have been B.has been C.will 8.［单选题］词汇与结构: Our new school building is construction. （2 分） A.under
电大英语考试试题及答案 交际用语 A（（句子的开头字母）） 1、Afternoon, sir. Where to? A. Please get me to the airport 2、Are you sure about that? D. Oh, yes. I’m absolutely positive 3、All the team members tried their best,We lost the game, .A.However 4、A lecture hall is where students attend lectures.C.one B 1、Before I got to the cinema, the film . A.had begun C 1、Could you tell me where Mr. Lake is?-- B. At the office 2、Can I help you to get it down? C. Thanks. It’s so nice of you 3、can you turn down the radio,please?B.I’m sorry,Ididn’t reahze it was that loud 4、Can I get you a couple of tea?A.That’s very nice of you D 1、Do you think the exam will be put off? C. Not likely 2、Don’t worry,There is --------------roomfor all your books here C.enough E 1、Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator? A. Certainly. Here you are 2、Excuse me,now can I get to the nenrest supermarket?D.Sorry,sir,I’m a stranger here myself F 1、Fine weather it is! A.What H 1、Hello, Sally. How’s everything?— D. Just so-so 2、Hello, could I speak to Don please?-- _D. Who’s speaking? 4、How’s the movie? Interesting? C. Far from. I should have stayed home watching TV 5、Her parents died when she was very young,so she was brought up byher aunt. 6、-------he said is quite right. B.What 7、Hello,Saiiy,How’s everything? C.Just so-so I 1、I don’t like the spots programs on Sundays.—B. Neither do I 3、In my opinion, you’d better take a couple of days off.A. I’ll take your advice 4、I think the Internet is very helpful. — A. Yes, so do I 5、I have an appointment with Dr. Johnson. —C. Please wait for minute. He is busy now 6、I’m trying to call Marie, but there’s no answer. D. Really? Maybe she’s out 7、Is this the motel you mentioned? B. Yes, it’s as quiet as we expected 8、It happened on a winter night 9、I know it isn’t important but I can’t help thinking about it 10、I don’t suppose he will attend the meeting,B,will be 11、I think all these are main points much attention B.worthy of 12、I prefer classicmusic pop muice. D.to 13、I’m tired. I working very hard.B.have been L 1、Let’s take a walk. A. Yes, let’s 2、Let me the case carefully berore I apaw a conclusion.B.look into M 1、May I help you, madam?-- D. Yes, I’d like 2 kilos of oranges
6. I’m deputy manager. I (work for) an IT company. 7. –What is your job --I’m (an) accountant. 8. Who is that man over there? Do you know (his) name? 9. I usually go to the office (by) train. 10. (How much) wine do you need for the party? 11. You have more apples than (we) do. But (ours) are better than yours. 12. How do I (get to) the gym? 13. He can (speak) good English. 14. Does David (like flying)? 15. The business Banking Department is on (the) second floor. 16. The shop (closed) at six every day. 17. You can paint the walls and (put up) posters. You can do what you want. 18. The coat is (much more expensive) than that one. 19. Jack (never comes) late because he is a good student. 20. –I don’t get up late on Sundays. -- (Neither) do I. 21. – I have got a pain in my chest. -- You (should) see the doctor. 22. Sally’s parents (are going to) come and stay with her soon. 23. – (How long) will the meal take? -- It’ll take two hours, I think. 24. It often (snows) in winter in the north of China. 25. I don’t want (any) milk in my coffee. 6. The Business Banking Department is on (the) second floor. 7. (Her) name is Jane. (She) is from the USA. 8. Have you got (any) Iychees? 9. Mr Green is now (on) a holiday. 10. I’d like to (invite) you to a party this Saturday. 11. How many (oranges) would you like to buy? 12. Hurry up. We don’t have (enough) time. 13. – (What) time do you have lunch? -- I usually have lunch at 12. 14. I’m a deputy manager. I work (for) an IT company. 15. This radio is (more expensive) than that one. 16. – The chair is not comfortable enough. -- Yes, I agree. It is (too uncomfortable). 17. (Is there) a coffee machine in the room? 18. I have two brothers. One is a driver, (the other) is a policeman. 19. – (How long) will the meal take? -- It’ll take two hours, I think. 20. Mark is responsible (for) the international market. 21. – How often (should I) take the medicine? -- You should take it three times a day. 22. It (is raining) heavily here at this moment. 23. How do I (get to) the gym? 24. My aunt (enjoys cooking) for her friends at home. 25. –I haven’t got a car. -- (Neither have I). 交际用语 1、(B) The shower isn’t working. —I’ll call the plumber. 2、(B) What do you do? —I am a policeman. 3、(B) What would you like. —An orange juice, please. 4、（A）What is she doing right. Now —She is talking to Mary. 5、（C）Hello. I’m David Manning. Nice to me you. —Nice to meet you, too. I’m Xiaoyan. 6、(C) Hello. I’m Xiaoyan.Nice to meet you. ----Nice to meet you too. I’m David Manning. 7、(C)Excuse me, where is the nearest bank, please? ----It’s next to the newsagent. 8、(A)Do you have any family?--Yes, I do. My mother and my father live in Oxford. 9、( B )How much is the rent of the flat? It is 450 pounds a month. 10、（C）What does her boyfriend look like? -----He is quite tall with fair curly hair. 11、（A）What’s the matter with you ?I’ve gor a bad cough. 12、（C）Could you ring them up please ? I’m sometimes quite nervous on the phone. Yes, of course . I will phone them for you. 13、( A )How about seeting a film this evening? Yes , that’s a good idea. 14、（C）What time does the train leave？At half past five. 15、( B )What do your parents do? My father is a manager. My mother is a nurse. 1.How do I get to the airport, please?—You can take the tube. 2.What does your English teacher look like?—she’s tall and has long, wavy hair. 3.What’s the weather like in this area?—it’s rainy. 4.Would you like to go with us?—I’d love to. 5.Excuse me, where is the nearest bank, please?—It’s next to the newsagent. 6.Excuse me, how do I get to the gym , please? –You take the number 866 bus from the supermarket. 7.What’s the matter with you? –I’ve got a bad cough. 8.Why don’t we write the invitations now . –That’s a good idea. 9.What time does the train leave? –At half past five. 10.How long does it take from Beijing to London by plane? –It’s takes about 7 hours. 11. What do your parents do? My father is a manager. My mother is a murse. 12. Can I help you? —Yes, I’d like some apples, please. 13. Hello, Linda, how are you? Very well, thank you . Are you good. 14. What does her boyfriend look like? —He is quite tall with fair curly hair. 15.Could you ring them up please? I’m sometimes quite nervous on the phone. —Yes, of course. I will phone them for you. 词汇与结构 1. He works at a school. 2. I usually get up at 7 o’clock in the morning. 3. The Business Banking Department is on the second floor. 4. David is the only accountant in my father’s company. 5. Mr Green is now on a holiday.
2017年电大《大学英语》B电大网考试题及答案（七） 一、交际英语 1、-- Hi, I'm Liz. -- _________ A：Hi, nice to see you. B：What do people call you? C：Fine, and you? D：How do you do? 答案：A 2、---This is John. -- ___________ A：Oh, I have never seen you. B：Yes, I am glad. C：Hello, John. Nice to meet you. D：How are you? 答案：C 3、--- The summer vacation is coming in a few days. I'll share the holidays with my daughter by traveling. ---- ______. A：Congratulations! B：Nice to meet you! C：Have a good trip! D：It's very kind of you. 答案：C 4、- How was your trip to London, Jane? - ___________ A：Oh, wonderful indeed. B：I went there alone. C：The guide showed me the way. D：By plane and by bus. 答案：A 5、-- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. -- ________ A：Yes, I beat the others. B：No, no, I didn't do it well. C：Thank you. D：It's a pleasure. 答案：C 二、阅读理解 1、On February 14th many people in the world celebrate an unusual holiday, St. Valentine's Day, a special day for lovers. The origin of this holiday is uncertain but according to one story it gets its name from a Christian named Valentine who lived in Rome during the 3rd century A.D.
国开(中央电大)本科《人文英语3》网上形考 试题及答案 单元自测1 形考任务试题及答案 题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl+F）搜索题目 题目：—Do you have much experience with caring for babies?—________. 答案：Yes, I do. I often take care of kids in my free time. 题目：Lily is a good student except ________ she is a little bit careless. 答案：that 题目：—How do you feel about your family life?—________. 答案：Not bad. I think it is a good choice to be a full-time mother. 题目：—It' s raining so heavily outside. I' m terribly anxious about my son' s safety.—________. 答案：Don' t worry about him. He will come back safe and sound.
题目：—Ken did badly in his math test. I' m terribly worried about the result.—________. 答案：Come on. It isn' t the end of the world. 题目：—Our son has picked up some bad habits recently, and I am really worried about it.—________. 答案：Cheer up. I believe he will overcome it. 题目：He asked me ___________ Zhang Hua came to school or not. 答案：whether 题目：I want to know________ . 答案：what his name is 题目：It is said that ______ 2000 factories were closed down during the economic crisis. 答案：approximately 题目：The birth rate of the country decreases ______ with years.
电大学位英语考试的复习资料 Test 1 第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。 1-5 BACBB 1. —How are you, Bob? ---你好吗，鲍勃？ —____________ Ted. ---我很好，特德。 A. How are you? B. I’m fine. Thank you. C. How do you do? D. Nice to meet you. 2. —Thanks for your help. ---谢谢你的帮忙。 —____________ ---我很荣幸。 A. My pleasure. B. Never mind. C. Quite right. D. Don’t thank me. 3. —Hello, I’m Harry Potter. ---你好，我是哈里﹒波特。 —Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ____________.---你好，我是查理﹒格林，你可以叫我查理。 A. call my Charles B. call me at Charles C. call me Charles D. call Charles me 4. —Paul, ____________? ---鲍，那边在说话的人是谁？ —Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother. ---哦，那是我的爸爸，在他旁边的是我妈妈。 A. what is the person over there B. who’s talking over there C. what are they doing D. which is that 5. —Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you? ---你好，汤姆，近来都好吗？ —____________, and how are you? ---还不错，你呢? A. Don’t mention it B. Hm, not too bad C. Thanks D. Pretty fast 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。 6-10 CBDDD 11-15 DBDAC Passage 1 The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 words) 法国大革命于1789年爆发。当时法国正处在一片混乱中，政府腐败，人民生活凄惨。路易十六世企图控制议会并增加赋税，但最后失败了。他命令军队进入凡尔赛。人民都认为他企图用武力镇压革命。1789年7月14日，人民群众爆发了，攻占了关押政治犯的巴士底狱。从那天以后，7月14日就被定为法国的国庆日。1792年，路易十六企图逃离法国，并从奥地利和普鲁士获得支持，但他被捕了。1792年王室被废除，路易十六被处以死刑。几个月后，他的妻子，玛丽也被处以死刑。法国大革命令欧洲其它国家的国王感到害怕。奥地利和普鲁士的军队进入了法国。法国人民组织起了共和军来保卫祖国，革命陷入了一个艰苦阶段。成千上万的人牺牲了。最后，权力落入了拿破仑﹒波拿巴手中。 6. What’s this passage about? 这篇文章主要讲了什么？ A. France. B. King Louis. C. The French Revolution. 法国大革命 D. Europe. 7. Which did not happen in 1789? 以下哪件事不是发生在1789年？ A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. 国家经济快速发展。 C. The government wasn’t well run.
2019年广播电视大学考试就要开始了，祝各位考生顺利通关，取得 满意的好成绩，加油，你最棒！ 2019年电大英语期末考试试卷及答案 交际用语Use of English 阅读下面的小对话，判断答语是否恰当，恰当的选A（Right）, 不恰当的选 B (Wrong)。 1. ---Your friend Sally phoned you this afternoon. --- What did she say? A. Right B. Wrong 2. --- Have you ever tried sailing? --- No. I’d like to try A. Right B. Wrong 3. --- What are you going to do this evening? --- I went there with some friends. (I’m going to meet some friends.) A. Right B. Wrong 4. --- Is there a bank near here? --- Yes. I saw him this morning. (Yes. There is one just down the road.) A. Right B. Wrong 5. --- What time will the next train leave? --- At 8.19. A. Right B. Wrong 6. --- Where did you go in China? --- I went there by train. (I went to Xi’an and Guilin.) A. Right B. Wrong 7. --- Have you been to America? --- Yes. I went there last year. A. Right B. Wrong 8. ---Why do you come to live in China? ---Because I got a job here. A. Right B. Wrong 9. ---What’s your job? --- I’m a journalist. A. Right B. Wrong 10. --- Are you ready to order? --- Yes. I’ll have a steak, please. A. Right B. Wrong 11. --- When did he go to America? --- Two years ago. A. Right B. Wrong 12. --- How old are you? (Are you married?) --- Yes, I am. A. Right B. Wrong 13. --- What did you think of the film? --- I thought it was really great. A. Right B. Wrong 14. --- Are you ready to order? ---Yes. I’ll have a chicken salad please. A. Right B. Wrong 15. --- Are you ready to order? --- Ice cream for me please. A. Right B. Wrong 16. --- Are you ready to order? --- Could I have a glass of wine please? A. Right B. Wrong 17. --- Shall we go to a restaurant? --- See you later. (Great.) A. Right B. Wrong 18. --- Shall we see a film tonight? ---I’d rather not, I’m quite tired. A. Right B. Wrong 19. --- How about drinking some coffee? --- I’d prefer to drink some tea. A. Right B. Wrong 20. --- Would you like to go to the cinema this evening? ---Yes, that’s a good idea. A. Right B. Wrong 21. --- Have you ever tried windsurfing? --- It’s very kind of you. (No, I haven’t) A. Right B. Wrong 22. --- Shall we have something to eat before we go? --- Nice to meet you. (Good idea.) A. Right B. Wrong 23. --- What does he look like? --- He is tall and thin. A. Right B. Wrong 24. --- Have you been to America? ---I’ve never been there but I hope to go there in the future. A. Right B. Wrong 25. --- Can I help you? --- Yes, please. I’d like to reserve a room. A. Right B. Wrong 26. ---How do you like the film? --- It’s very good. I like it. A. Right B. Wrong 27. --- Can you remember the doctor’s telephone number? --- Yes. It’s 6825612. A. Right B. Wrong 28. --- Is dinner ready, Carol? --- It’s nearly ready. A. Right B. Wrong 29. --- I went to a fashion show last night. --- What was it like? A. Right B. Wrong 30. ---Could I have a bottle of water, please? ---Certainly, madam. A. Right B. Wrong 31. --- How is the weather today?