"To _____________ workplace stress and improve work performance, administrators must delegate certain responsibilities to the appropriate staff members."
答案B A. save relieve weaken decrease
Cancers arising during lactation (哺乳期) are treated in a _____________ manner after suppression (抑制) of lactation.
答案C A. usual frequent conventional常规的routine
"According to doctors, many cases of seasickness _____________ in indigestion (消化不良)."
答案A A. originate create set suggest
Our minds are so constructed that they _____________ us to view the external world in only one way.
答案C A. ask require compel迫使apply
The present welfare system often _____________ poor family finding work and getting off welfare.
答案B A. protect discourage block separate
In most religions they have been used in worship in _____________ of a very old belief that beads (珠子) of glass or stone have occult (超自然的) power.
答案B A. result subsequence随后,后继outcome consequence
The local people's government at various levels and the departments concerned Shall strengthen legal and social moral education among the citizens and _____________ a healthy and civilized lifestyle.
答案A A. advocate promote suggest try
UNDP (United Nations Development Program) is financed by _____________ contributions from virtually every member of the United Nations and its related agencies.
答案D A. willing volunteer voluntary independent
I _____________ to give only a general survey of the subject; I shall not go into details.
答案C A. need propose have hope
Someone with active tuberculosis (肺结核) must take medicine each day for six to nine months to _____________ progression of the disease.
答案D A. disturb move halt pause
Such diagrams normally __________ a series of blocks representing main sections of the analysis.答案A A. consist of compose of consist compose
A lot of lecturers are unable adequately to __________ their knowledge to their students.
答案C A. bring take convey tell
We shall __________ eight o'clock as the time to begin.
答案B A. order appoint compel regard
To this old man cabbage was always a depressing __________ of the leaner years of his childhood in the old days.
答案C A. hint sign reminder symbol
"Linda felt that she had arranged everything extremely well, and that any __________ must be for the worse."
答案A A. alteration measurement relation reform
It is an excellent opportunity for Beijing to __________ the 2008 Olympic Games for the development of science and technology in Beijing.
答案B A. finance sponsor prepare provide
"If you do not return the article to the shop within a week, you will __________ your chance of getting your money back."
答案D A. forgive get hold forfeit因犯罪,失约而没收
In order to open up the market she redesigned the packaging to make its bottles look as modern and sophisticated as products in __________ department store.
答案B A. high upscale质高优价的expensive common
The __________ of his deeds with his words gave me great satisfaction.
答案C A. equality match correspondence通信\联系necessity
It depicted描绘__________ sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks.
答案D A. deadly permanently usually mostly
"Since the chairman is at the center of a recent scandal, people are now calling on him to ________."
答案C A. go stop quit apologize
"Considering all that we have been through, we are so proud that all we set out to do is __________."
答案D A. taken reached realized accomplished
"The entire population of the town, though the proposal is to benefit the country, strongly__________ the building of a nuclear power plant there."
答案B A. refuses opposes强烈反对disagrees proposes
What makes us more optimistic is that the urbanization都市化of our country is unlikely to__________ in the short term.
答案B A. happen cease停止exist follow
"The local people are now confident about their future, for with the completion of the highway the economy will__________."
答案A A. Thrive繁荣thrill shrink boost
"After a long search, the designer finally found a type of cloth with a natural look which __________ perfectly with the image Laura sought."
答案D A. matched went related coincided一致
"In respect that this argument was an __________ to all the members of our party, the cooperation between the two sides came to an end."
答案A A. Affront公开侮辱opportunity affair offer
"The doctor tried to __________ him that there was nothing seriously wrong, but he was still worried about his disease."
答案B A. persuade reassure使....安心inform tell
He felt an enormous sense of __________ when he thought about how he had treated his mother.答案C A. sorry sorriness guilt 名词guilty形容词
"After the incident, some activists strongly demanded __________ changes to education policies again."
答案D A. great grand significant sweeping扫荡的\彻底的
There was still no news of the baby，and the parents were getting __________ with worry and fear.
答案C A. sad anxious frantic疯狂的astonished
Mr. Simpson trained with able-bodied athletes but worked harder and longer to overcome his physical __________.
答案D A. condition disease feature handicap阻碍\障碍
"In __________, the lady had to sell her ring to get some money for daily necessities."
答案D A. grief brief haste desperation绝望
"Long-distance education, such as over the Internet, is a way to __________ material shortages and also offers students more choices."
答案A A. Bypass迂回improve change ignore
The beautiful scenery in the mountain areas has provided __________ for many artists and musicians over the decades.
答案D A. Information materials benefit inspiration
Since consumers are at the center of the circle what is required is to __________ that the consumer is the boss.
答案B A. Inform acknowledge deny neglect
The __________ as well as the biggest accomplishment is the growing mutual confidence between the two countries.
答案C A. stress point highlight 精彩场面center
The local government is developing new strategies to secure the city's __________ and capacity as a tourism destination.
答案D A. fame economy quality allure吸引
I will never forget the horrible scene; the car was completely __________ under the truck.
答案C A. hit pressed crushed压碎\粉碎 laid
The Senate drove a stake through the President's plan to __________ millions of unlawful immigrants.
答案D A. allow punish drive legalize使...合法
A study by AC Nielson found that women _________ 4 % of all victims of 2004 Tsunami.
答案C A. composes composed of comprise包含c onsist
The children were _________ to the country when the city was being bombed.
答案C A. sent kept evacuated撤退的remained
"About 56% of the _________ in the traffic accidents have accompanied chest impact injury, which ranks as the second cause of death in traffic accidents."
答案A A. Casualties人员伤亡losses deaths wreckages
"The dying farmhand said, ""I have got what I _________ for taking pity on an evil creature."""答案B A. reserve deserve值得observe preserve
The rainy season is coming. We should not treat the _________ force of the storm lightly.
答案B A. destruction destructive破坏性的destructively destroying
"American universities recently condemned a plan by the Bush administration to"" _________ certain international students from receiving education and training in sensitive areas."""
答案C A. prevent stop prohibit禁止\阻止forbid
Parking in this street is the _________ of the residents after the terrible city fire accidents.
答案A A. privilege authority right chance
"The professor sighed in despair and said, ""No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will _________."""
答案C A. stop appear erupt break up
The Chinese government has committed to spend RMB 56.8 billion to curb desertification and _________ sandstorms between 2002 and 2008.
答案D A. weaken eliminate stop lessen
It is his mother who has been endeavoring to _________ him from his depression after the girl's death.
答案C A. arise awaken rouse arouse
"The book Ten Thousand Letters, which depicts the HIV/AIDS situation in China's countryside, has won the First Chinese Publications and Media ____________ for the best book of 2004."
答案A A. Award Bonus Prize Reward
The notion that certain mental or physical events can ____________ attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention.
答案A A. capture claim classify confirm
"We can work toward this noble goal: defeating the enemies of freedom while sparing the lives of many more ____________ people, not with killer weapons but with our sharp pens."
答案D A. courageous creative decent innocent
The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City with a worldwide average daily ____________ of more than 2.6 million.
答案B A. contribution circulation distribution demonstration
"""We will devote ourselves to jointly building a harmonious world featuring lasting peace and common ____________ with other countries,"" the Xinhua News Agency quoted Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang as saying."
答案C A. density intensity prosperity specialty
"The Shanghai Book Festival insists on upholding its global and professional standards, to ____________ China's growing publication industry and help develop its international appeal."
答案C A. compare expire inspire prepare
The market report discloses that the oil demand is soaring globally in the coming years. ____________ most analysts forecast the oil price will run high in the long term.
答案A A. Consequently However Nevertheless Similarly
The umpire's unfair and ____________ verdict (裁决) totally ruined the competition and aroused the complaints and resentments from both sides.
答案A A. controversial influential rational structural
"The position of part-time editor offers an attractive benefit package: a competitive base pay, ____________ work schedules, free uniforms, paid training and paid vacations."
答案B A. considerable flexible reliable sensible
"The Renaissance, Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the Western world's great literary ____________."
答案D A. conflict diversity revolution heritage
Jenny's __________ indifference made Tom even more nervous. Finally he made up his mind to buy the state-of-the-art but expensive watch she prefers.
答案C A. appear applied apparent applause
It is __________ whether or not the reforms have improved conditions for people in the poor country.
答案B A. debate debatable detect detectable
Will Maggie be __________ that you forget to email her?
答案D A. announce annoying announced annoyed
"Because of the limited coal and oil, human beings __________ need new reproducible resources to take their place in the near future."
答案B A. deadly desperately decisively delightedly
"It seems __________ that Robot will lose the war with human beings, because we create them."
答案C A. evitable imitable inevitable i nterval
The appearance of mechanical clock __________ the universal river of time.
答案A A. signifies signs signals sighs
Edison is such a __________ inventor that he leads us out of darkness and into brightness.
答案D A. through thinking thorough thoughtful
"Birth control will __________ transform the role women play in society and history and any transformation in who women are will force a transformation in men, too."
答案C A. vertically vastly virtually vacantly
"Genetically-modified technology will undoubtedly relieve the starvation of those who live in __________ African countries, where lots die of food shortage each year."
答案D A. undergoing underestimated undercover underdeveloped
Scientists nowadays do not adopt __________ attitude towards the benefits of clone.
答案A A. incredulous inclined incorrect included
The fact that women are _____________ to men in strength cannot justify the discrimination they suffer when seeking for a job.
答案C A. weaker delicate inferior fragile
Drivers who _____________ traffic rules or who become involved in accidents are subject to fines and will be issued penalty points.
答案A A. violate commit offend interfere
It is undeniable that attending private _____________ schools is at such a high cost that an overwhelming majority of parents cannot afford or feel reluctant to pay.
答案D A. minor inferior derived secondary
"The main stream of the world's situation is peace; _____________, local conflicts never stop."答案B A. hence nonetheless furthermore consequently
Press freedom is crucial in times of national crisis such as _____________ terrorism or war.
答案A A. rampant sprawling c oncentrated unchecked
Food security requires that a _____________ supply of food be available and that it be accessible to all equally.
答案B A. efficient sufficient deficient proficient
"In our club, we will encourage a positive and open approach to health and safety, and show _____________ of effort and desire to improve."
答案C A. approval gratitude appreciation promotion
These classic pieces of furniture imitating ancient style almost look _____________.
答案D A. legitimate actual validgenuine
"Until recently, the factors that _____________ a patient at high risk for heart failure had not been clearly defined or publicized."
答案A A. render provide deliver express
A system of _____________ is made possible due to the existence of social structures of rule and authority.
答案A A. donation domain domination document
A school of painters is said to have _________ at the time when most of its best paintings were produced.
答案A A. flourished furnished vanished diminished
Tourists are obliged to travel with a(n) _________ officer and they must even sign an official agreement requiring them to take all their garbage with them.
答案B A. attending a ccompanying companion consulting
Anadromous fish have high reproductive rates because they face many natural risks and _________ in the ecosystems where they live.
答案A A. perils p anels parcels penalties
"On a university campus, international students are likely to _________ their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values."
答案C A. bump confront encounter a pproach
The sudden application of the brakes _________ him forwards.
答案D A. plunked plumped plugged plunged
"As the saying goes, our only enemy is ourselves. Only by building strong self-confidence can we _________ grace under pressure and turn our dreams into reality."
答案B A. reveal demonstrate protest convey
The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters issued a warning urging provinces to keep a close watch on the changing weather and act to _________ possible dangers.
答案C A. hinder forbid avertrefrain
The program deals with subjects as _________ as pop music and ancient Greek drama.
答案C A. apparent variant diverse contradictory
The villagers _________ the river while they were building the dam.
答案A A. diverted switched distracted transmitted
Many immigrants may face a(n) _________ position that they cannot be fully accepted in foreign countries because of different cultural identity.
答案D A. engineering encouraging exciting embarrassing
名词解释题 1专业沟通特权：有保密的咨询关系中，咨询准则允许咨询师利用自己的专业技能和来访者进行深入而广泛的私人探讨。 2潜意识、前意识、意识：精神分析理论的观点。 潜意识：个体无法感知、不能意识到的精神活动。前意识：个体虽然当时意识不到，但可在集中注意、努力思索后同忆起来的那部分经验。 意识：个体可以觉察到的心理活动。 3本我、自我和超我：精神分析理论的观点。 本我：人格结构中最原始的、与生俱来的潜意识部分，非理性，受本能支配，按照“快乐原则”行事。是人格发展的动力。 自我：人格结构中的意识部分，遵守“现实原则”。超我：社会化的产物，遵守“至善原则”，主要在潜意识部分。 4．焦虑：精神分析理论的观点。焦虑是由被压抑的精神力量转化而来的，分为三种：现实性焦虑、神经性焦虑、道德性焦虑。5．自我防御机制：精神分析理论的观点。当个体的自我无法借助理性用直接的方法去控制焦虑时，就逐渐发展出一些习惯性的反应方式，这就是自我防御机制。 6．空白屏幕：精神分析理论的观点。精神分析中，强调咨询师的匿名立场，防止自我表露，对移情保持中立。 7．虚构目的论：阿德勒疗法的观点。人活在自己虚构的世界中，我们对现实的解释以及我们赋予我们经历的意义比客观现实更重要。 8．自卑情结与追求优越：阿德勒疗法的观点。随着诞生而产生的自卑感是人成长的力量，通过追求控制和掌握来达到完美和克服自卑足人的本能。其模式有两类：成长性模式和伤害性模式。 9．生活风格：阿德勒疗法的观点。生活风格是个体为了确保自己在世界上安全和生存而选择的抱负和目标。 10．社会兴趣：阿德勒疗法的观点。社会兴趣是指 人倾向与他人发生联系， 并愿意为社会福祉做出自 己的贡献。 11．现象场：以人为中心 疗法的观点。现象场是个 人特定的主观经验世界。 12．实现趋同：以人为中 心疗法的观点。表现为充 分实现在遗传限度内自己 的潜能。 13．机体智慧：以人为中 心疗法的观点。人类个体 借助机体智慧评价好坏， 以符合自我实现趋向。 14．自我概念：以人为中 心疗法的观点。足自我知 觉和自我评价的统一体。 15．价值条件：以人为中 心疗法的观点。社会对个 体的尊重和关怀足有条件 的，这种条件就包含了礼 会的价值。 16．未完成事件：完形疗 法的观点。指未表达出来 的情感，包括悔恨、愤怒、 怨恨、痛苦、焦虑、罪恶、 遗弃感等。 17．逃避：完形疗法的观 点。与未完成事件相关， 指人们用来避免面对未完 成事件、被免去体验未完 成情境所引发的不愉快情 绪所使用的工具。 18．品质世界：现实疗法 的观点。存在于大脑中的、 形象的、自我感觉良好的 事情，反映了个体需要得 到满足的状况。 19．行为：现实疗法的观 点。由行动、思考、感觉 和生理四个相互联系的要 素组成。 20．融入：现实疗法的观 点。是个体建立的一种有 意义的双向关系。融入关 系使个体具有成功的认 同。 21．画家谱图：家庭治疗 的观点。足一种将家庭现 实结果和关系直观化的方 法，既可以用作评估家庭， 也可以作为一种治疗技 术。 22．家庭雕塑：家庭治疗 的观点。是一种非语言的 经验性技术。方法足让家 庭成员将自己臵于一种空 间上的安排，构成一个戏 剧性的场面，家庭成员取 各种姿态。其场面象征家 庭成员对家庭关系的观 点。 23．广义的咨询目标：又 称一般目标，足指某一流 派或某一流派的咨询师所 持的，适用于其所有来访 者的目标。 24．狭义的咨询目标：又 称个别目标，是针对某个 特定来访者确定的咨询目 标，是一般目标在某个来 访者那里的具体化。 25．外部目标：咨询专业 组织或机构设定的咨询目 标，通常带有职业规范和 伦理要求的性质。 26．内部目标：咨询师个 人所持有的咨询目标。 27．终极目标：不针对来 访者需要协助解决的具体 问题，而是引导来访者走 向某种生活或成长之路的 咨询目标。终极目标即受 到咨询流派的理论影响， 又受到咨询师自身的价值 观影响。 28．中间目标：在具体的 咨询过程中，咨询师和来 访者共同商定的目标。 29．直接目标：达到中间 目标过程中的每项工作。 30．漏斗效应：对心理健 康的观点有如漏斗，窄端 咨询师和来访者关于心理 异常的观点趋同，宽端_二 者关于心理健康的观点趋 异。 31．价值中立：咨询师小 对来访者进行价值评判， 也不强迫来访者服从治疗 师或咨询帅的价值观念， 而足要求咨询师对来访者 所持的价值观给予完全的 接纳和充分的尊重。 32．咨询关系：在心理咨 询过程中咨询师与来访者 之间形成的一种独特的人 际关系，通过这种专业关 系咨询师帮助来访者获得 心理帮助，促进自我成长。 33．初级认同层次：来访 者认同咨询师的专业角色 和专业能力。 34．高级认同层次：来访 者认同咨询师的个人风格 和人格魅力。 35．共情：能体验他人的 精神世界，就好像那是自 己的精神世界一样的能 力。 36．具体化：在咨询会谈 中具体澄清重要的事实以 及特殊的情感。 37．即时化：咨询师对咨 询会谈中发生的事情作出 反应，引导来访者注意此 时此地的情况。 1．自我卷入性陈述：咨询 师在咨询过程中暴露自己 当时的想法和感情。 2．关系即时化：咨询师与 来访者讨论白己在咨询关 系中的感受及看法。 3．此时此地：咨询师与来 访者就会谈过程中发生的 事情展开讨论。 4．阻抗：伍咨询过程中来 访者反抗心理咨询的适宜 程序，并以此干扰产生领 悟性效果的所有努力。 5．积极关注：咨询师以积 极的态度看待来访者，注 意强调他们的长处，有选 择地突山来访者言语及行 为中的积极的方面，帮助 来访者认识并利用自身的 积极因素。 6．移情：在咨询关系中， 来访者对咨询师产生的情 感和态度，即米访者将早 期对父母或重要他人的情 感转移到咨询师身上。 7．反移情：在咨询关系中， 咨询师对来访者产生的情 感和态度，即在咨询中咨 询师以不适当的行为对待 来访者。 8．收集资料：伞面而准确 的获知与来访肯求助的问 题相关的信息。 9．个案概念化：咨询师依 据某种心理理论对来坊者 的问题进行理论假设。 10．相倚性：在交流中一 方的反应在一定程度上依 赖于另一方的行为。 11．选择性知觉：人们倾 向十知觉并记住符合自己 需要的信息。 12．关注：咨询师能够与 来访者同在的方式，既包 括躯体方面，也包括心理 方面。 13．倾听：咨询师攫取和 理解米访肯所传达的信息 的能力，无论这些信息是 言语或非言语，足清晰或 含糊。 14．封闭式提问：提问给 对方的回答提供了备选答 案，具有非常明显的引导 性和强制性。 15．开放式提问：提问没 有限制米访肯的思路，无 备选答案，以引导短语提 提出，需要对方给与详细 的解释说明。 16．鼓励：咨询帅借助肯 定式的苦语或非言语，或 重复谈话关键语句等方 式，来强化来访者的叙述， 鼓肋其继续讲述。 17．澄清：要求来访者对 其陈述中含义模糊、意思
高三一轮基于整合话题的词汇复习 十九中高三英语组 高三一轮复习程中词汇复习起着至关重要的作用，但往往词汇复习也是问题最多的。最大的问题就是知识的讲解和训练与听、说、读、写综合语言运用能力的脱离．知识传授与语言技能培养严重分割开来，词汇学习效率低下，最终达不到需要的目的和要求。在词汇复习过程中，教师是“字典”和“题库，例句库”．脱离运用讲解语言知识点。学生辛辛苦苦地记笔记，最后还是不会实际运用。针对这个问题，武老师在本学期期初到我们学校视导时给我们提出了按话题复习的指导和建议，我们组全体同志经过认真集备和研讨，确定了话题复习的范围和方法。具体做法如下：一册书复习结束之后，按照写作的话题安排，确定需要整合的话题，然后围绕中心话题，通过同类归纳的方式，在1-8册书中把相同话题的模块整合起来，创设话题情境，总结复习同类词汇，归纳典型句式，训练类似的话题写作，然后再拓展该话题新材料的阅读，以提高词汇复习的效率。我们把高中阶段外研社的从第一册到第八册的教科书，归纳分类，选择了“学校生活，环境灾难，旅游，文化体育，人物介绍，饮食与健康”等几大类的话题材料，穿插进传统的复习过程中。每个话题所用课时不是固定的，一般是用三个课时。王老师的这一节课就是有关旅游这一话题的整合的第二课时。 第一课时的重点是词汇的整合拓展。以复习“环境灾难”为例，第一课时的课堂教学设计如下： Step I 教师创设话题情境，引导学生走入话题。 教师可以先展示一些有关于环境问题的图片或者录像片段，设计问题：What problems of environment are there on the earth? Step II 引导学生采用联想法，总结复习同类词汇 1.灾难发生 灾难的种类： natural disasters(自然灾难): earthquake 地震tsunami 海啸typhoon 台风sand storm 沙尘暴debris flow/ mudslide泥石流volcanic eruption 火山 爆发flood 洪水drought 干旱flooding 洪水tropical storm 热带风暴 hurricane 飓风a state of emergency 紧急状态dense fog 浓雾 发生时间： at…clock，on…day； in…year 发生地点： distaster/stricken area 受灾地区shelter 避难所 表示灾难发生的动词：hit strike break out occur take place happen 持续： last 发生方式： all of a sudden, suddenly, （突然）unexpectedly（出乎意料） 课文句子精选填空： 1) The worst earthquake ________________________（发生）the United States in 1906,________(导致)the worst fires in the nation’s history. 2) The fires _______ three days, which __________a total of 25,000 buildings. 3)The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925,________ （影响）three US states. 4) In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent_____________, such as floods, droughts, mudslide, earthquakes, windstorms and sand storm 2. 受灾情况：
一、选择题 1．He wrote his phone number ________ a piece paper. A．on B．for C．in D．from 2．— Mr. Wilson, can I ask you some questions about your speech? — Certainly, feel __________ to ask me. A．good B．patient C．free D．happy 3．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．but D．for 4．He is wearing his sunglasses to himself from the strong sunlight. A．prevent B．stop C．keep D．protect 5．—Help yourselves! The drinks are ________ me. —Thank you. Yo u’re always so generous. A．above B．in C．on D．over 6．Gina didn’t study medicine. ________, she decided to become an actor. A．Instead B．Again C．Anyway D．Also 7．Mr. Smith gave us some________on how to improve our speaking skills. A．advice B．news C．knowledge D．information 8．World Book Day takes place ________ April 23rd every year. A．at B．in C．on 9．Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A．so B．if C．because 10．Kangkang usually does her homework ________ it is very late at night. A．until B．when C．before D．after 11．The next Olympic Games will be held in Japan________ 27th July 2020. A．on B．in C．at D．of 12．We’d better finish our work ________ one go. Don’t put it off till next time. A．in B．to C．on D．for 13．—Hardly any people believe that a(n) ________ meeting will lead to a lasting love. —I agree. A．familiar B．distant C．accidental D．present 14．—Do you like English? —Yes, I think it is difficult ________ interesting. A．and B．but C．because 15．I’d like to________the mall because it’s crowded and no isy. A．visit B．hang out C．walk D．go off 16．—Which country has the biggest population in the world?
对外汉语词汇教学教案 一、基本教学情况 课程名称：对外汉语词汇教学 教学对象：中低级水平留学生 学生人数：3名 授课学时：45分钟 二、教学目的 1、通过引导、图示使学生学习第三课关于“在饭馆儿”的个生词，并学会其读音、写法； 2、通过讲解新词语的重点、难点，指导学生正确运用词语，并能在交际中使用； 3、适当对这些关于“在饭馆儿”的词语作出解释，从而扩大词汇量。 三、教学要求 1、要求能正确的掌握每个生词的读音； 2、要求能够正确书写每个生词 3、要求能运用本课生词造日常用的句子，并知道其运用的场合。 四、教学方法 采用多媒体教学，教师将教学内容制作成Powerpoint或多媒体课件，图文并茂，生动活泼，语境具体，有助于理解。教师可采用动作表演、自由对话、分组对话等教学手段进行辅助教学，让学生对课文内容有更深、更好的理解。 五、教学过程 （一）导入新课： “同学们，你们有没有经常出去外边的饭馆吃饭？” “有。” “那你们都是怎么点菜的呢？” （同学们七嘴八舌地回答） “好吧，现在我们一起来学习第三课关于“在饭馆儿”的的词汇，认识一下中国悠久的历史文化。” （二）生词导读： 给学生发印有18的生词一张纸，生词上方标注有拼音，给2分钟的时间让学生自由熟悉。接下来用ppt展示生词，分成三组，分别让每个学生读6个，如果学生发音错误，教师进行纠正。 （三）讲解生词： 1、“正好”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在ppt上展示一张同学们坐在一起吃饭的图片，教师给出一个情景，“大家正在吃
饭，Adam正好来了” （3）让学生们自主思考“正好”的意思，引导后讲解时“这时候，刚刚好”的意思 （4）练习：模仿上面的情景，让学生分别造一个有“正好”的句子。 2、“门口”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）教师走到教室门口，向学生提问：“老师站在哪里？” （3）向学生讲解“门口”的意思是站在门外面的意思。 3、“清蒸”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在ppt中插入一个关于“清蒸”的短视频，向学生讲解清蒸是做菜的一种方法（3）向学生拓展其它的做菜方法,如炒，煮等。 4“味道”讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在ppt 上展示四张关于“酸甜苦辣”的图片 （3）提问学生图片中的四种事物尝（吃）起来怎么样？ （4）向学生讲解味道是舌头对于食物的感知，只有吃东西的时候才有感觉。 （5）练习：让学生就生活中常见的食物造一个关于“味道”的句子。 5、“嫩”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在PPt中展示两组图片，分别是“婴儿和老人”“嫩芽和大树”，采用对比的方法加深学生对嫩字的理解。 （3）讲解嫩的意思是“初生而柔弱”或者“幼稚” （4）让学生举例生活中常见的嫩的东西，教师加以引导和纠正。 6、“香”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）教师准备两个东西：香水和樟脑丸 （3）教师将香水拿到鼻子前面做深呼吸的动作，表示很香水；当把樟脑丸拿到鼻子前，捂住鼻子，表示难闻。用动作演绎加深学生对“香”的理解，并告诉学生香的反义词是“丑”。 7、“菜单”“叫菜”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）首先先展示菜单的图片，让学生清楚什么是菜单 （3）教师准备好一份菜单，请两名学生上台，一个当服务员，一个当手里拿着菜单的客人。让学生演绎一个情景：你在餐馆拿着菜单该怎么做 （4）当客人将菜单上想吃的菜告诉服务员时，跟学生说这就叫做“叫菜”。 8、“新鲜”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在ppt展示一组图片进行对比：一个鲜红的苹果和一个放久了的苹果 （3）向学生讲解新鲜的意思是：新鲜形容物品生产日期很近，没有遭受过多的污染。 （4）练习：让学生说说他们所知道的新鲜的东西，举出几个。 9、“清淡”的讲解 （1）教师领读，学生跟读。（两遍） （2）在ppt展示两组关于食物的图片：大鱼大肉和蔬菜水果，很浓的汤和很清的汤。 （3）向学生讲解清淡的两张意思：颜色、气味等不浓；食物含油脂少的
第1章名词解释 1、软件开发工具：在高级程序设计语言（第三代语言）的基础上，为提高软件开发的质量和效率，从规划、分析、设计、测试、成文和管理各阶段，对软件开发者提供各种不同程度帮助（支持）的一类广泛的软件。 2、第一代语言：即机器语言，是用0、1组成的二进制字符串书写的程序，用纸带等光电设备或通过控制台上的扳键送入机器，得以存储和执行。 3、第四代语言（4GL）：第四代语言的原意是非过程化的程序设计语言。针对以处理过程为中心的第三代语言，它希望通过某些标准处理过程的自动生成，使用户可以只要求做什么，而把具体的执行步骤的安排交给软件自动处理。 4、CASE工具：CASE工具指“计算机辅助软件工程”或“计算机辅助系统工程”，它的基本思想与软件开发工具完全一致，即应用计算机自身处理信息的巨大能力，帮助人们开发复杂的软件或应用系统。 5、所见即所得：“所见即所得”原则力图实现编程工作的可视化，即随时可以看到结果，程序的调整与后果的调整同步进行。 6、需求分析：从用户提出的初始要求出发，经过大量的调查研究，抽象出应用领域中实际的信息需求，设计出在计算机系统内外的、合理的信息流程，并规定软件的功能与性能要求，最后形成严格的、明确的、可供实际开发使用的“软件功能说明书”，这个阶段称为需求分析。 7、总体设计：根据软件功能说明书的要求，完成软件的总体设计，包括整个软件的结构设计、公用数据库文件或数据库的设计、各部分的连接方式及信息交换的标准等。 8、结构设计：所谓结构设计是把软件划分成若干个模块，指定每个模块的功能要求以及它们之间的相互关系。 9、模块测试：根据整体设计时制定的各个模块的设计任务书，对程序员完成的模块进行验收，看它们是否实现了所要求的功能和性能指标。 10、总体测试：每个模块都达到了设计任务书的要求后，还要测试整个系统是否达到了预期的目标，另外还要检查完成的软件与编写的文档是否一致，这个工作成为总体测试。 11、设计工具：设计工具是最具体的，它是指在实现阶段对人们提供帮助的工具，是最直接帮助人们编写与调试软件的工具。 12、分析工具：分析工具主要指用于支持需求分析的工具。它帮助人们认识与表述信息需求和信息流程，从逻辑上明确软件功能与要求。 13、计划工具：计划工具从宏观角度看待软件开发，它不仅从项目管理的角度帮助人们组织与实施项目，而且把有关进度、资源、质量、验收情况等信息管理起来，同时考虑到了项目的反复循环、版本更新，实现了“跨生命周期”的信息管理与共享，为信息和软件重用创造了条件。 14、工具的可靠程度：软件开发工具应具有足够的可靠性，即在各种各样的干扰下仍能保持正常工作，而不致丢失或弄错信息。 第2章名词解释 1、软件危机：指随着软件功能越来越多，规模越来越大，复杂性越来越高，引出一系列问题：软件产品交付拖延、错误多、不可靠、费用增大、不能适应应用变化等，因此怀疑大型软件的复杂性是否超越了人的处理能力。 2、水波效应：因修改程序带来的连带影响。当人们修改程序的某一处时，由于没有充分考虑到这一修改对相关部分带来的影响，结果出现了新的错误。 3、黑箱检验：输入一些信息，通过观察是否能得出预期输出来判断软件是否正确的一种软件测试方法。黑箱检验只能证明程序有错，而不能证明程序没错。 4、模块的凝聚性：模块的功能在逻辑上尽可能的单一化、明确化，最好做到模块与任务的一一对应，即每个模块完成一个任务，反之每一项任务仅由一个模块来完成。这也称为模块的凝聚性。 5、模块间的耦合（耦合性）：模块之间的联系及相互影响称为耦合。 6、模块间逻辑耦合：如果模块间传递的是控制信号，则称模块间具有逻辑耦合。 7、（对象的）封装性：把对象的静态属性和相关操作作为一个整体，对外不必公开这些属性与操作。 8、（对象的）遗传性：对象所具有的性质，包括静态属性和动态操作，自然地成为其子类的性质，不必加以重复说明或规定。 9、即插即用程序设计：即插即用程序设计是一种软件开发方法，它的基本思想是用制造硬件的思路来生产软件。一部分人专门生产软件组件，一部分人设计整个软件结构，并且把软件组件插入这个结构，以便迅速完成大型软件的研制
现代汉语词汇习题
二、填空题 1.语言中最小的音义结合的单位是＿＿，根据其组合能力，可分为＿＿和＿＿。 2.成词语素的特点在于它本身就能＿＿＿＿、也能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，而不成词语素则只能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 3.“小女孩儿喜欢吃吐鲁番的葡萄”中包含了＿＿个音节＿＿语素＿＿个词。 4.“忐忑”是单纯词中的＿＿词，“鸳鸯”是＿＿＿＿＿＿词，“翩跹”是＿＿词。 5.词是构成＿＿或＿＿的要素，语素是构成＿＿的要素。 6.由一个语素构成的词叫做＿＿＿，合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿＿＿语素构成的词。 7.双音节单纯词主要包括＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿三种。 8.由词根加词根组成的合成词有＿＿＿和＿＿＿两种形式。 9.复合式合成词是由＿＿＿＿结合在一起组成的合成词；重叠式合成词是由＿＿＿＿构成的合成词；附加式合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿组合而成的。 10.复合式合成词有＿种类型，它们是＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿。 11.＿＿＿＿＿是词的物质外壳，＿＿＿＿是词的内容。 12.词义是对客观事物的＿＿反映，它包含着人们对客观事物的认识。 13、＿＿＿是词义中的主要部分，词还有附属的＿＿＿，也可称作＿＿＿。 14.同义词主要有两种类型。一是＿＿＿。二是＿＿＿。 15.同义词的辨析可以从三个方面进行，一是＿＿＿＿＿＿，二是＿＿＿＿＿，三是＿＿＿＿＿。 16.反义词是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的词。从意义关系上区分，反义词有两类：一类是＿＿＿＿＿＿，另一类是＿＿＿＿＿＿。 17.基本词汇是词汇的＿＿部分，它长期存在着，并且为＿＿＿＿提供基础。 18.基本词汇的三大特点是＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿。
一、选择题 1．—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A．All B．None C．Anybody D．Everybody 2．Many people think Erquan rngyue is too sad, _____________ it's my favorite. A．and B．so C．or D．but 3．I don’t want to go. __________, I am too tired. A．However B．And C．Besides D．But 4．Her only problem, ________ you can call it a problem, is that she expects to be successful all the time. A．if B．because C．though D．since 5．—Have you got Kathy’s________ for her concert? —Yes, I’d like to go and enjoy it. A．interview B．information C．invitation D．introduction 6．He can’t wait to get a ticket to the movie, so he________ for it yesterday. A．spent B．paid C．took D．cost 7．You should be careful to pay over the Internet, ________it’s not always safe. A．so B．because C．after D．as soon as 8．The song Where Is Time Gone sung by Diamond（张碧晨）________the yearly general champion of China’s Voice. A．lost B．won C．beat D．got 9．Danny looks sad. How I________ telling him the bad news! A．remember B．regret C．refuse 10．Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A．so B．if C．because 11．I didn't know which dictionary was better, so I took ________. A．none B．neither C．each 12．My email ________ to you last night. Have you received it ________? A．sent; too B．is sent; already C．was sent; yet D．was sent; either 13．—Hardly any people believe that a(n) ________ meeting will lead to a lasting love. —I agree. A．familiar B．distant C．accidental D．present 14．You can’t ___ how I missed my mother at that time. A．offer B．provide C．imagine D．dream 15．—Why did Jim look so happy? —It________ him that he had a good choice even if he failed in the job interview. A．learned B．broke C．hit D．received
1.《诗经》 《诗经》是中国古代诗歌的开端，也是最早的一部诗歌总集。反映了西周初期到春秋中叶约五百年间的社会面貌。《诗经》最初只称为“诗”或“诗三百”，到西汉时，被尊为儒家经典，才称为《诗经》。全篇按《风》、《雅》、《颂》三类编辑。内容丰富，反映了劳动与爱情、战争与徭役、压迫与反抗、风俗与婚姻、祭祖与宴会，甚至天象、地貌、动物、植物等方方面面，是周代社会生活的一面镜子。对后世影响深远。 2.《楚辞》 楚辞是屈原创作的一种新诗体，也是中国文学史上第一部浪漫主义诗歌总集。“楚辞”的名称，西汉初期已有之，至刘向乃编辑成集。原收战国楚人屈原、宋玉等人辞赋共十六篇。后增入《九思》，成十七篇。全书以屈原作品为主，其余各篇也是承袭屈赋的形式。以其运用楚地的文学样式、方言声韵和风土物产等，具有浓厚的地方色彩，故名《楚辞》，对后世诗歌产生深远影响。 3.古文运动 古文运动是指唐代中期以及宋朝提倡古文、反对骈文为特点的文体改革运动。因涉及文学的思想内容，所以兼有思想运动和社会运动的性质。“古文”这一概念由韩愈最先提出。他把六朝以来讲求声律及辞藻、排偶的骈文视为俗下文字，认为自己的散文继承了两汉文章的传统，所以称“古文”。韩愈提倡古文，目的在于恢复古代的儒学道统，将改革文风与复兴儒学变为相辅相成的运动。在提倡古文时，进一步强调要以文明道。除唐代的韩愈、柳宗元外，宋代的欧阳修、王安石、曾巩、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙等人也是其中的代表。 4.《红楼梦》 中国古典四大名著之首，清代作家曹雪芹创作的章回体长篇小说，共一百二十回，是一部具有世界影响力的人情小说作品，举世公认的中国古典小说巅峰之作，中国封建社会的百科全书，传统文化的集大成者。小说以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗的爱情婚姻故事为主线，通过家族悲剧、女儿悲剧及主人公的人生悲剧，揭示出封建末世的危机。《红楼梦》对宫廷官场的黑暗、封建贵族的腐朽等社会现实及道德观念都进行了深刻的批判，具有极其深远的影响。 5.《呐喊》 鲁迅的第一部小说集，1923年8月首次出版。收1918年4月至1922年10月期间的作品共14篇。包括《狂人日记》、《孔乙己》、《故乡》、《阿Q正传》等著名作品。《呐喊》显示了鲁迅对传统文学和外来文艺的有机结合，成功地塑造了一系列典型形象，具有独特的民族风格和民族特色，代表了鲁迅文学创作的最高成就。它的出版，改变了文学革命初期仅有理论建树而创作不丰的局面，
词汇复习 根据句子意思或所给提示写出单词的正确形式。 E.g: The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance(important). Book 2 Unit 4 1.He wore a thick overcoat as a protection （保护） against the bitter cold. 2.November is a good time to hunt deer. 3.Her humorous story made me burst into laughter（突然大笑）sometimes. 4.He pointed out the importance of the work. 5.It' s a mercy（仁慈）she wasn' t hurt in the accident. 6.I wish to express my appreciation for your kindness. 7.Change of climate must have had a powerful (强有力的)influence on migration. 8.It's our duty and responsibility to protect wild animals from hurt. 9.Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure. 10.Don t climb that ladder--it s not secure（安全的）. 11.What ideas do you have if we employ（雇佣）you? 12.When did the universe come into being（形成）? 13.He was bitten (bite)by a dog yesterday. 14.It's a great relief (解脱)to find you here. 15.There is fierce competition in the college Entrance Examination. Unit 5 1.Beethoven(贝多芬) was a great musician. 2.Are you paying in cash（付现钱）or by cheque? 3.He finally realized his dream of becoming an actor. 4.He is going to perform magic at the party. 5.Let's pretend（假装）that we are pirates（海盗）。 6. She worked hard to earn money for the maintenance of her family. 7.To be honest（老实说）， I just don't want to go. 8.Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it. 9.They formed (形成）a circle and sang a song. 10.He can play nearly every musical instruments. 11.The millionaire（百万富翁）loved money above all other things. 12. He was a great success as an actor（actress）. 13.Aboveall (最重要的是), he deeply wanted to accomplish something. 14.Don' t rely on him to do anything ，he' s just a talker. 15.Are you familiar with this English sounds yet? 16.Donna is sensitive （敏感的） to strong smells. 17.His devotion (投入)to science is well known. 18.He spoke briefly (brief) but to the point. 19.He is quite confident (confidence)that he will pass the examination. 20.Sort out (分类)things you want to keep and throw everything else away.
词汇辨析105题 1. It rained continuously for a week, completely _______ our holiday. A. troubling B. bothering C. ruining D. damaging 2. When I _______ my shopping list, I found I’d forgotten to buy pork and eggs. A. checked B. examined C. tested D. measured 3. The president wanted to _______ him about filling the post of the sales department. A. accept B. cooperate C. approach D. demand 4. He lay in bed, listening to the rain _______ the window. A. hitting B. defeating C. beating D. striking 5.What a _______ that dress makes! She looks very pretty now. A. transplant B. transportation C. translation D. transformation 6. A(n) _______ will be paid to anyone who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost, according to the advertisement. A. award B. prize C. reward D. profit 7. The fuel tank has a ________ of 12 gallons. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. possibility 8. The next morning Mr. Smithson spoke his mind to his wife in a very straightforward _______. A. route B. method C. manner D. routine 9. —Why are you so frightened? —I saw two dark _______ enter the building. A. shades B. appearances C. shadows D. figures 10. Mike’s temper and personality show tha t he can become a soldier of the top _______. A. circle B. rank C. category D. grade 11. Although Miss Black began her _______ by singing in a local pop group, she is now a famous singer in the world. A. employment B. career C. occupation D. profession 12. Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _______ from the window. A. look B. picture C. view D. sight 13. The law that farmers don’t need to turn over agricultural tax to the state has come into _______. A. effect B. season C. view D. power 14. Mary was praised by the headmaster in public and on that _______ she was simply proud. A. position B. circumstance C. occasion D. situation 15. There are a number of words in the English language that were French in ______. A. root B. base C. bottom D. origin 16. The Browns stood staring at the happy _______ of children playing in the park. A. scene B. landscape C. scenery D. view 17. You’d better p ut the milk in the fridge, which has a _______ to go bad in hot weather. A. currency B. tendency C. trend D. way 18. He has a _______ knowledge of animals. A. brief B. folk C. flat D. broad 19. Is your ring _____ gold?
名词解释 第一章概论 1心理学：是研究人的行为和心理活动的规律的科学。 2认知：指在获取知识过程中进行的各种心理活动，主要包括知觉、记忆、言语、思维等，即通常所谓的认识过程。 3口语报告法（大声想）：即经过一定的训练后，让被试者在解决某个问题的同时，大声说出头脑内进行的活动，事后由心理学家对之进行分析。 4观察法：指在自然情景中对人的行为进行有目的、有计划的系统观察并记录，然后对所作记录进行分析，以期发现心理活动变化和发展的规律的方法。 5测验法：是指使用特定的量表为工具，对个体的心理特征进行间接了解，并做出量化结论的研究方法。 6实验法：在控制条件下对某种行为或者心理现象进行观察的方法。 7自然实验：也叫现场实验，指在实际生活情景中，由实验者创设或改变某些条件，以引起被试某些心理活动进行研究的方法。 8实验室实验：是指在实验条件严格控制下借助于专门的实验设备，引起和记录被试的心理现象。 9调查法：指就某一问题要求被调查者回答自己的想法或做法，以此来分析、推测群体的态度和心理特征的研究方法。 第二章意识与注意 1、意识：（心理学上的意识有两层含义。一种是把它当作心理的同义词使用。） 第二种含义指的是人类所独有的一种高水平的心理活动，指个人运用感觉、知觉、思维、记忆等心理活动，对自己内在的身心状态和环境中外在的人、事、物变化的觉知（awareness）。具体包括对外部事物的觉知，对内部刺激的觉知，对自身的觉知。 2、注意：注意是心理活动或意识在某一时刻所处状态，表现为对一定对象的指向和集中。它有两个明显的特点，即指向性和集中性。 （1）不随意注意：是指事先没有目的、也不需要意志努力的注意。 （2）随意注意：是指有预定目的、需要一定努力的注意。它是注意的一种积极、主动的形式。是在不随意注意的基础上发展起来的，是人类特有的心理现象。 （3）随意后注意：它和自觉的目的、任务联系在一起，这方面它类似于随意注意；但它不需要意志的努力，在这方面，它又类似于不随意注意。 3、生物节律：生物节律（biological rhythm）指动物和人的行为和心理活动的周期性变化。它们是有机体生理功能周期性变化的结果，它们的存在表明有机体内部存在一个“生物钟”，随时监视着时间的进程。 （1）日节律 4、催眠：催眠（hypnosis）是一种类似睡眠又实非睡眠的意识恍惚状态。这种恍惚的意识状态，是在一种特殊情境下，由催眠师诱导形成的。一个人能否进入催眠状态，取决于其受暗示性（suggestibility）的高低。 5、催眠诱导：催眠师运用暗示性的语言，对受暗示性较高的个体进行诱导，使之进入催眠状态的过程称为催眠诱导（hypnotic induction）。 第三章感觉与知觉 1、感觉：对直接作用于人们感觉器官的事物的个别属性的反映。 2、知觉：对直接作用于人们感觉器官的事物的整体属性的反映，是对感觉信息的整合与解