上海中学高三英语周练一

2020-2021学年上海市上海中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated in the beautiful Sichuan Basin, Chongqing is a magical 8D city. The natural history and cultural scenery of the area provide children with learning opportunities because they can enjoy the many wonders of this area.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointTiankeng Diqiao Scenic Area is located in the southern mountainous area of Fengjie County. The Tiankeng pit is 666 meters deep and is currently the deepest tiankeng in the world. The scenic spot is divided into ten areas including Xiaozhai Tiankeng, Tianjingxia Ground, Labyrinth River, and Longqiao River. There are many and weird karst cave shafts, and countless legends haunt them.Youyang Peach GardenYouyang Taohuayuan Scenic Area is a national forest park, a national 5A-level scenic spot, and a national outdoor sports training base. Located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain. The Fuxi Cave in the scenic spot is about 3,000 meters long, with winding corridors, deep underground rivers, and color1 ful stalactites. The landscape is beautiful.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveJinyun Mountain is located in Beibei District of Chongqing City, about 45 kilometers away from the Central District of Chongqing City. The nine peaks of Jinyun Mountain stand upright and rise from the ground. The ancient trees on the mountain are towering, the green bamboos form the forest, the environment is quiet, and the scenery is beautiful, so it is called "Little Emei". Among them, Yujian Peak is the highest, 1050 meters above sea level; Lion Peak is the most precipitous and spectacular, and the other peaks are also unique.Chongqing People's SquareChongqing's Great Hall of the People, one of the landmarks of Chongqing, gives people the deepest impression than its magnificent appearance resembling the Temple of Heaven. It also uses the traditional method of central axis symmetry, with colonnade-style double wings and a tower ending, plus a large green glazed roof, large red pillars, white railings, double-eave bucket arches, and painted carved beams.1.How deep is the Tiankeng Ground Joint?A.666mB.3,000mC.45kmD.1050m2.Which of the following rocks can you see in Youyang Peach Garden?A.LimestoneB.StalactiteC.MarbleD.Quartzite3.Which attraction is closest to downtown Chongqing?A.Fengjie Tiankeng Ground JointB.Jinyun Mountain National Nature ReserveC.Chongqing People's SquareD.Youyang Peach GardenB“They’re harming your brain.” “They’re ruining your eyes.” “They’re turning you into a violent person.” The words said publicly against video games are so common, but are these worries founded on actual science? Countless studies have offered different opinions on whether video games are bad for you. We’ve rounded up the most notable reports and studies below, so you can weigh up the evidence for yourself.In 2013,psychologist(心理学家) Simone Kuhn studied the influences of spending long hours on video games on the brains of young adults and found that several areas became bigger than before. These areas are connected with highercognitive functions(认知功能), memory formation andfinemotor(精细运动) function.Last year, psychologists said that video game players who favour violent games are more likely to be violent when offline. Dr. Mark Appelbaum of the American Psychological Association said that there was a relation between violent video game use and increases in violent behaviour.Dr. Daphne Bavelier is an expert in the field of Brain & Cognitive Sciences. Bavelier presented the audience with a colour-word test, where non-gamers are easily puzzled by the test, and those who spend long periods playing on their computers are more likely to pass the test with flying colours.“Actually, those video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention,” said Bavelier, “and one part of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to follow the movements of objects.”“So, in a sense, when we think about the influence of video games on the brain, it’s very similar to the influence of wine on the health. There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some very poor uses of video games. But when drunk in reasonable amounts, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health,” said Bavelier.4. What can be learned from Simone Kuhn’s study？A. Video games make you happier.B. Video games make your brain grow.C. Video games play a key role in memory.D. Video games teach you how to learn fast.5. What was Dr. Mark Appelbaum’s attitude towards video games？A. He was against them.B. He was hopeful of them.C.He was in favour of them.D. He was uncertain about them.6. Which of the following may Dr. Daphne Bavelier agree with？A. Video games fix attention problems.B. Video games make kids do well in exams.C. Video games encourage violent behaviour.D. Video games help increase colour knowledge.7. Why are the uses of wine mentioned in the last paragraph？A. To remind people to avoid video games.B. To show the disadvantages of video games.C. To help people learn more about video games.D.To ask people to make good use of video games.CItaly's fashion capital is gray — not only because of the blocks of stone buildings，but also due to its often-gray sky, which traps pollution. ButMilannow wants to change it.The city has an ambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 - a move that experts say could offer relief from the city's hot weather. Some projects have already contributed to environmental improvements. Architect Stefano Boeri’s Vertical Forest residential (居民的) tower, completed in 2014, aims to improve not only air quality but the quality of life for Milan residents. Boeri created a smallisland of greenery in the heart ofMilan, filling every balcony with plants that absorb carbon dioxide.“I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one of the most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can plant trees, Boeri said.Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the greenMilanproject will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area. City show thatMilanexperiences 35 hot nights a year. Because the city lies close to theAlps, Milin gets very little wind to lower the city's temperatures. "Planting trees will help this," Di said.TheVerticalForesthas attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. TheVerticalForest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved.8. What change doesMilanplan to make?A. Planting more trees.B. Creating a new fashion style.C. Pulling down more gray stone buildings.D. Doing more surveys to study global wanning.9. What's Boeri's opinion on the city's plan?A. It costs a lot.B. It is unpractical.C. It fails to attract people's attention.D. It is helpful to fight against climate change.10. What is Di Simine's attitude toward the city's plan?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Disappointed.D. Unconcerned.11. What does the last paragraph focus on?A. Specifics of the city's plan.B. Challenges faced by the city.C. The aim of theVerticalForestproject.D. The positive effect of theVerticalForestproject.DThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to theworld. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.12. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.13. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.14. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.15. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017上海中学高三英语周练GrammarThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of (21)______(widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means (22)______(step) off the pavement into a busy street. If you (23)______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed (24)______ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house -- it will (25)______ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover, (26)______ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls (27)______ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (28)______(originate) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, (29)______ ______ they are often associated witchcraft (巫术). It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path -- although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is (30)______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood?”VocabularyA. industryB. inevitablyC. stronglyD. fueledE. humbleAsk most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that they’ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts (萦绕于) us: we spend millions every year reading about th e rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd.Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Cloze I(A)The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers -- a kind of “third place” where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black andwhite only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, althou gh it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. cultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. visionCloze II(B)Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories canreturn repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives. But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex ____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer (服药) the protein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memoryof the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearfulReading comprehension(A)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation.I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使 ... 永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for:to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1. According to the author, the woman was probably ________.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a stranger(B)A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food,and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level o f the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your languagestudies.D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus tours.C. To take students to the Mattson Center.D. To transport students to and from the stores.(C)Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks.Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at HarvardMedical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that ________.A. the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B. people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C. being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D. the overweight problem has long been studied.9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means ________.A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for A mericans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needsto ________.A. be taught to prevent gaining weightB. be educated to lose weight effectivelyC. seek help from consumer informationD. know what makes a healthy dinner.(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw -- having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises (妥协) made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infan cy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong -- and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered(束缚) by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution(宪法) without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children -- though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.13. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ________.A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. historyD. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.14. We may infer from the second paragraph that ________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.(E)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our p urposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowingthem to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams -- yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician18. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly becausethey might be able to ______.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches19. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world20. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?。

2024届上海高三英语一模分类汇编11选101.2024届宝山区高三英语一模Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.invaluableB.roughlyC.satisfyingD.distractionE.simplyF.advantageG.reasonableH.performedI.scheduleJ.plannedK.excellencePeople tend to think that productivity involves doing several things at once,but according to Cal Newport,the secret to success is the opposite of multitasking.Newport is the author of Deep Work,a book that describes the benefits of focusing on one thing and doing it with31.Newport defines deep work as"the ability to focus without32on a cognitively(认知地) demanding task."It's the opposite of shallow work,which is made up of simple tasks that are usually33while distracted.According to Newport,deep work is a(n)34skill in today's economy.It allows you to learn difficult things quickly and produce at a high level.Most people are distracted when they work,so you learn to work without distraction,that gives you35.Deep work enables you to produce to the best of your ability and acquire new skills quickly.Developing excellence in one's craft can be a deeply36try.But deep work itself is also a skill,which means the more time you spend at it,the easier it gets.Moreover,if you only work at a shallow level,your ability to do deep work decreases.So how do you conduct deep work into your work life or your studies?It's essentially important to37deep work into your day.Otherwise,it's easy to let your time fill up with shallow work.Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day.That way you get it done before distractions build up.Shallow work does need to get done,but if you save it for later in the day,you can get your deep work done,too.Scheduling deep work sessions for the same time every day can turn them into a habit.This makes it easier to spend time on them.Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding,you won't be able to do it all day. Beginners can usually only focus on deep work for38an hour,and even experts have trouble going more than four hours.So set39goals for yourself.If you really focus,you'll be surprised at how much you accomplish in a few hours.By focusing on40sessions of deep work,you can get more done in less time and feel more satisfied.2.2024届崇明区高三英语一模Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.B.anticipatingC.digitallyD.facilitatingE.geometryF.giant advantageI.potentially J.reopened K.soughtG.initiated H.painstakinglyHow Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral(巴黎圣母院) It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame,the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.Since then,people from around the world have united to support an effort,31by French President,that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year.Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have32to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood(橡木)and stone that have stood the test of centuries.But the builders,architects and engineers do have the33of some21st century technologies,including modern building information modeling(BIM)software that enables them t o w o r k w i t h a(n) 34detailed3D digital model of the cathedral and surrounding site,backed by powerful cloud computing technology.“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together,how it’s constructed,”says Andrew Anagnost,CEO of design software35Autodesk.It has contributed technical consulting,software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire.A digital model,which took more than a year to create,includes more than12,000objects.It was a complex process.Onsite workers captured the point-by-point3D36of the cathedral with laser(激光)and photo equipment.Then,others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects,down to individual building stones.That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire—important for37any stability issues—and plan out the process of reconstruction.“It’s like Mission:Impossible when they plan,”says Nicolas Mangon,VP of architecture, engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk.“Every little piece is done38, and with the3D model you can simulate(模拟)everything.”Even when the cathedral is39,the model may still serve important roles.Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward,40using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.3.2024届虹口区高三英语一模Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.arrivesB.observableC.boundlessD.containedE.distancingF.expansionG.liesH.parallelI.perceivingJ.threadsK.volumeWhat Comes After Space?Looking at a clear night sky,you witness the vastness of space,which holds everything humans know to exist.To find out what31beyond,a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends.However,the problem is that scientists are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.The32universeThe furthest humans can see out into space,using all the technology currently available to us,is46billion light-years(a light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year,and is equivalent to about9.5million million kilometres).The33of space that humans can see is called the visible universe.Beyond this,it remains a mystery whether it’s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe.Some think that the universe is34, meaning space goes on forever in every direction.In this case,there is nothing after space, because space is everything.Moving further awayExperts have captured images of the entire Earth from space,and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit.Perhaps35the limits of the universe would alsobe possible too,if only humans knew where to go to look for it.Another challenge is the universe’s rapid36.As galaxies move further away,their light takes longer to reach us.Eventually,some galaxies may be so distant that their light never37. This might imply that any edge—and whatever is on the other side—is increasingly38 itself from us.Regardless of these uncertainties,scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about what comes after space.Many universes?It’s possible that there isn’t just one universe,and that our universe is just one small part of a “multiverse”.Perhaps our universe is39within its own distinct region of space,separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness.Or maybe40universes exist,pressed tightly against each other.Getting an idea of the universe’s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge.What comes after that could be an even great mystery.参考答案：31-40GBKCI FAEDH4.2024届黄浦区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.airflowsB.blockC.challengesD.coolE.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.principlesH.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typical feature of atraditional home in southern and eastern China.Skywells were designed toreduce temperature in buildings well before air-conditioning existed.Whenwind blows above a skywell house,it can enter the indoor space through theopening.Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air,the incomingwind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates__31__byreplacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improve ventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell is small but tall,and the rooms around it__32__out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behindskywells while designing new buildings to save energy.Oneexample is the National Heavy Vehicle EngineeringTechnology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city ofJinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which__34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators,toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel,which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36__a building without the use of power.However,there are some__37__for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be__38__.Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features,which were__39__dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be__40__to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.参考答案：31-35ABGKH36-40DCJEI5.2024届金山区高三英语一模Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Unlocking The Vatican MuseumsGianni Crea has,almost every morning for the past decade,unlocked the doors to the Vatican Museums.He has seen the splendor of the Sistine Chapel and admired the textures of ancient Egypt.“Yes,I’m a key keeper.But the doors I open are the ones to the history of art,and it’s here that exists the biggest and most beautiful history in the world,”says Crea.The Vatican Museums have(31)______collections since the15th century,including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times.The most(32)______ one of them,according to Crea,is Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel.He recalls being(33)______ with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than20years ago.Since then,he’s witnessed people of all faiths(34)______at the chapel’s loveliness,something the church believes is increasingly vital during these unsettled times.“In the difficult current context the world is experiencing,in which sadness and(35)______ seem to have the upper hand,art is more necessary than ever,because beauty is always a source of joy,”Pope Francis said last year.There is also(36)______scientific evidence to support this view.A2019WHO analysis revealed that artistic and cultural activities(37)______physical and psychological health.In fall 2022,physicians at Brussels’hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month(38)______ study examining the benefits of“museum prescriptions as supplemental treatment for stress, burnout,and anxiety”.It’s the first investigation of its kind in Europe and is expected to have(39) ______effects across the continent.And in the wake of the pandemic(疫情),which forced the Vatican Museums to close three times between2020and2021,there’s a growing movement for wider and easier access to the arts for people’s well-being.“The Vatican Museums must open their doors to people from all over the world,as a(n)(40)______of dialogue between cultures and religions,”Pope Francis wrote in his2015publication.“Everyone can find something beautiful and moving here,”says Crea,who always welcomes travelers from around the world to accompany him during his morning routine on select dates.“The Vatican Museums will give you an understanding of art and history regardless of your faith.”参考答案：31~40AKBED CHIGF6.2024届静安区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadlyH.headedI.boomingJ.positioningK.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example,Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37 the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38 onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and 39them on rock outcroppings(露岩)alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.参考答案：31-35FGDKC36-40AEHJB7.2024届闵行区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.mineB.criteriaC.catalogedD.candidateE.delayF.anticipatingprisedH.perceivingI.initiativepoundsK.unfavorableWhat Lies Beneath“Earth”has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun.After all, an alien(外星人)examining it through a telescope would note that two-thirds of its surface is 31not of land but of oceans of water.Marine biologists think the oceans might host more than2,000,000species of marine animals,of which they have so far32perhaps a tenth.A new33hopes to change this.Smoothly launched in London on April27th,Ocean Census(海洋普查)aims to discover100,000new species of marine animal over the coming decade.The attempt is happening now for two reasons.One is that,the longer scientists34,the fewer there will be to document.Climate change is heating the oceans,as well as making them more acidic as carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water.The second one is technological.Marine biologists discover about2,000new species a year, a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day.Ocean Census is35it can go faster.“Cyber taxonomy (网络分类学)”,for instance,involves feeding animal DNA information into computers,which can quickly decide whether it meets the36for a new species.Exactly what the new effort might turn up,of course,is impossible to forecast.But history suggests it will be fruitful.Half a century ago scientists detected hot openings on the sea bed that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that,until then,had been thought37to life.These days,such openings are one credible38for the origin of all life on Earth.More practical benefits can’t be ignored.Many drugs,for example,come originally from biological39.An ocean full of unrecorded life will almost certainly prove a rich seam(矿层)from which to40more.To help make use of its data,Ocean Census plans to make it attainable to scientists and the public without charge,who will be able to search it for anything valuable or unexpected.参考答案：31-40GCIEF BKDJA8.2024届青浦区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Magical Creatures:AN APPRECIATION OF AUTUMN MOTH(蛾) Moths seem to have a bit of a bad reputation:to some they are ill indications or something scary,to others they are dull in comparison to our well-loved butterflies.But moths are an essential part of a(n)__31__,and important food sources for species like birds and bats.And for me,moths are far from dull.My first meeting with an Angle Shades moth was nearly a non-encounter.I almost passed by without noticing it,thinking it was a fallen leaf on a fence post.But there was something about it that stopped me in my tracks.Its angular shape perhaps?Or the way it sat,__32__,despite the breeze.Closer__33__revealed cream and buff shell-shaped wings,painted with triangles of light pink and brown.Suddenly,it transformed from a(n)__34__leaf into a living thing before my eyes. I’ve been fascinated ever since.The Canary-shouldered Thorn,with its hairy buttercup-coloured body and yellow and orange wings,reminds me of a fallen silver birch(白桦树)leaf.A night-flyer,it favours gardens and woodlands,and is often drawn to__35__light,meaning that your torch beam may be attracting moths as well as lighting your way in the dark.It’s also worth double-checking any leaves in farm houses,as these sheltered spots are a favourite hiding place of another overwintering__36__:the Herald moth.This elegant creature’s beautiful wings look as though they’ve been__37__by hand and painted with bronze.There’s more to these imitators than fallen leaves.The Green-spotted Crescent,which __38__disappears on rough branches,has metallic green spots integrating with the moss(苔藓). Maybe I’ve already__39__crossed paths with one,though.As we dig out our big coats and slip on boots for walks beneath branches,how many moths are we missing?These clever creatures aren’t bad indications,but__40__parts of nature,with a gift for fancy-dress.参考答案：31-40C I K H D J A G B E9.2024届松江区高三英语一模Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.attractive B.bothered C.building D.contrastsE.crossedF.demonstratesG.dramaticallyH.greyedI.instrumental J.sustaining K.vividlyA Review on OppenheimerOppenheimer is Christopher Nolan's film about J.Robert Oppenheimer,the man known as "the father of the atomic(原子的)bomb".As a drama about genius,pride and error,it ___31___the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,two cities in Japan,during World War II.Oppenheimer is a great achievement,partly because it___32___relates that period of history thanks to Nolan's lifelike filmmaking.Nolan goes deep and long on the___33____of the bomb, but he doesn't restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes.The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades,starting in the1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair___34___.The film touches on his personal and professional milestones,the controversies that___35___him,and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides,the friendships and romances___36___him,yet also troubling,are also described.The path of Oppenheimer's life___37___shifted at Berkeley.He was once only an academic there,but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force.By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Emest Lawrence,a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator(粒子加速器)and played a(n)___38___role in the Manhattan Project.And Oppenheimer also met the project's military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place.Francois Truffaut once wrote that"war films,even those who support peace,even the best, willingly or not,present wars in a certain___39___way.”That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,killing millions of souls.In the film,you hear that Oppenheimer's famous words___40___his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose:“Now I am become Death,the destroyer of worlds."Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world.参考答案：31-40FKCHB JGIAE10.2024届徐汇区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.attractionB.waitingC.mysteryD.uniqueE.simplyF.originallyG.stable H.popularity I.donating J.searching K.interfereThere’s a rarely-visited,dusty corner of the world where something magical happens.The place,which looks like Mars with its red rock landscape,is the Tatacoa Desert,in Colombia.Tatacoa is located in the region of Huila,south of the country’s capital Bogotá.Although Tatacoa,with its protruding cacti and red rippled rocks,is called a desert,it is in fact a dry tropical forest.But the exciting,and very(31)_______,feature of this desert,is what happens above it,at night.Thanks to its remote location–it’s almost30miles and an hour’s drive over bumpy winding roads to the nearest town–Tatacoa has no light pollution to(32)_______with the night sky.Up to88constellations(星座)are visible on a clear night,as well as both hemispheres–something that happens nowhere else in the world.The warm and dry climate helps with stargazing;a(33)_______atmosphere,which happens in dry spots or places of high elevation,decreases something called scintillation,which is when a star’s light rises and falls rapidly.It’s why stars twinkle,which looks beautiful but isn’t so great for astronomers.Not only is Tatacoa a natural wonder,but the DIY observatory that’s run by a Colombian man named Javier Fernanda Rua Restrepo has become a star(34)_______too.In fact,this humble building attracts stargazers from all over the world,from China to Iceland to Australia.And Restrepo has also become well-known in astronomer circles,with a few scientists(35)_______ their own telescopes to support the grassroots observatory.The Colombian,who is(36)_______from Cali,fell in love with the stars thanks to his father’s interest in astronomy and science,and first visited Tatacoa in1997,to try to see the Comet Hale-Bopp.He stayed for a couple of days before heading back to his hometown.But within a month,he returned to Tatacoa–and never left,camping out for weeks on end(37) _______for the night to come so that he could watch the stars.At first Restrepo had worked at the Colombian government’s observatory,which he helped staff for15years.But after budget cuts meant he lost his job,he figured he would(38)_______ build his own.In2015,Restrepo opened the doors to his observatory–Tatacoa Astronomia–with just one telescope.Now,as Colombia has grown in(39)_______as a tourist destination,hundreds flock to Restrepo’s star party,which he holds once a year in July.Tatacoa Astronomia is only open on starry nights,and Restrepo remains the sole employee. But that doesn’t distract from the intimacy and the specialness of the place.The structure sits on a small patch of land that Restrepo bought himself,and is cordoned（隔离）off by tarpaulin（油布）to add an extra sense of(40)_______and intrigue（阴谋）for visitors.“The stars…they put my life into its tiny perspective,”he says,“and they constantly remind me there are greater things out there.”11.2024届杨浦区高三英语一模Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.normallyB.boostC.sustainD.gainsE.assessingF.substantiallyG.effortsH.mixedI.surprisingJ.anticipateK.assignedYour Social-Media Detoxes（脱瘾治疗）Probably Aren’t Helping YouWe’ve all heard the supposed benefits of unplugging from digital devices,even for24hours.Such breaks are said to(31)_________self-confidence,reduce social competitiveness and fears of missing out,and make room for more-enriching, in-person interactions.Yet studies exploring those effects have produced(32) ________results.So a global research team set out to systematically test the idea that social media detoxing delivers meaningful psychological(33)_________.The researchers recruited600undergraduate students in three places:the United States,the United Kingdom,and Hong Kong.All participants were randomly (34)_________to keep away from social media on either the first or the second day of a two-day experiment.On the other day,they were to interact with digital platforms as they(35)________would.Each evening they answered survey questions aimed at(36)________various aspects of well-being.Contrary to the researchers’expectations,the one-day detox made no noticeable impact on positive or negative emotions,self-confidence,or daily satisfaction.When it did have an effect,it decreased daily satisfaction and social relatedness,although the changes were not significant once the analysis was adjusted to control for gender.Just as(37) _________,people didn’t use the time freed up from looking at screens for other forms of socializing.In fact,they reported(38)________lower levels of face-to-face, phone,and email interactions on their detoxing days.Even short social-media breaks can be hard to(39)_______—indeed,only half the participants in the experiment did what was required and these results suggest that they may not be worth the(40)_______.“We did not find any evidence that social media detoxing for one day had significant positive impacts on psychological well-being,”the researchers write.12.2024届长宁区高三英语一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.objectedB.choicesC.inequalitybinationE.paidF.respondG.personalityH.fadeI.reduceJ.inheritedK.environmentalWhat makes us happy?You probably know the type of personality in some people:they seem to be hopeful in almost everything.Are they simply born happy?Is it the product of their environment?Or does it come from their life decisions?If you are familiar with genetics research,you will have guessed that it is a31 of all three.A2018study of1516Norwegian twins suggests that around30%of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is32.Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.To put this in context,the heritability of IQ is thought to be around80%,so33 factors clearly play a role in our happiness.These include our physical health,the size and strength of our social network,job opportunities and income.It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us,which may explain why the level of34predicts happiness better than GDP.Interestingly,many important life35have only a little influence on our happiness.Consider marriage.A2019study found that,on average,life satisfaction does rise after the wedding,but the feeling of happiness tends to36over middle age.Parenthood is even more complex.For decades,social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without.More recent research,however, suggests that there are important regional differences.Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 37parental leave,flexible working hours,affordable childcare and holiday leave,which together38the potential for work-family conflict.The effects of these policies may play out across generations.In addition to the legacy of their genes,parents’own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour,which will,in turn,shape the39of their children.Our life satisfaction,then,is shaped by our genes,health,economic prospects,relationships and the culture around us.While many of these things may be beyond your control,there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to40to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.。

2024届上海市16区高三英语一模分类汇编写作2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊，你们班最近与国际伙伴校的同学们共同开展了一个团队项目，但目前的合作效果并不理想。

项目负责人Mr.Johnson请你负责在中方同学的范围内调查原因。

你发现有些同学对团队中的角色分配不满意，有些同学觉得团队沟通存在问题。

请给Mr.Johnson写一封邮件，内容必须包括：1.简述同学们的反馈；2.向Mr.Johnson提出改进建议并说明理由。

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________VI.Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，学校最近就如何组织好每天上午30分钟的大课间活动征求全校学生的意见。

2020年上海市上海中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASongkran, ThailandThis festival marks the Thai New Year, which is celebrated in the second week of April. This is the hottest time of the year in Thailand, so it makes sense that the biggest Songkran tradition is to throw water on people. Thais of all ages join in water fights, using buckets, hoses (软管)and water guns to celebrate the event.Boryeong Mud Festival, South KoreaDon't expect to come home clean after experiencing the Boryeong Mud Festival in South Korea. Famous for its mineral-rich mudflats, visitors rush to Boryeong in July to make themselves in mud, swim in grey pools and enjoy the party. There are even mudslides and a mud skiing competition for those who are seeking the extreme mud adventure!La Tomatina, SpainThe festival dates back to a parade in which some naughty teenagers knocked one performer off his stilts (高跷)and caused a fight of throwing vegetables accidentally. It was once banned until 1957 when the locals held a protest with a funeral. They carried a coffin containing a huge tomato as bands played a funeral march. In the following decades, La Tomatina has become a popular event. If you join the event, be aware that you squash (压扁) the tomato before throwing it. Have a great time but avoid causing any injury.Dia de los Muertos, MexicoBeginning at the midnight of October 31 and lasting through November 2,it is a festival when families gather together to remember those loved ones who have died, aiming to help them on their spiritual journey. On these days, Mexican families prepare special tables in their homes. On top of them they'll put photos of the dead and their favorite food. They also visit the graves of their beloved ones to show their respect to the dead.1.If you want to experience a special new year in a country, you can choose to visit ________.A.ThailandB.South KoreaC.SpainD.Mexico2.What may happen to you as a visitor in La Tomatina?A.You can perform stilts.B.Your can play funeral music in bands.C.You may be covered with mud.D.You may be attacked with tomatoes.3.Which festival is similar to the Tomb Sweeping Festival in China?A.Songkran.B.Boryeong Mud Festival. Tomatina.D.Dia de los Muertos.BA satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.The firm's End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smal “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser todock withit.The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at AstroscaleUK.“This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth's atmosphere.If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that could drag three or four out of orbit at once.4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "dock with" in Paragraph 2?A. Deal with.B. Keep up with.C. Join together.D. Crash.5. Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites?A. Because of the growing space waste problem.B. Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.C. Because they can earn large profits from it.D. Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.6. What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem?A. An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite.B. Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite.C. Finding the "client "satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically.D. Tumbling to match the motion of “client satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.7. What can we infer from the passage?A. People will bum the space junk up in Earth's atmosphere in the future.B. Japan andRussiawill conduct space debris cleanup experiment together.C. These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.D. The demonstration mission will be divided into three phases.CDengue is a very painful illness spread by mosquitoes. In severe cases, dengue can even be deadly. Dengue is a serious disease affecting people in around 120 countries. It can cause high fevers, headaches, and severe pain. It’s caused by a virus spread by bites from mosquitoes. Therefore, dengue is more common in warm areas. Every year, roughly 390 million people get dengue, and as many as 25,000 die from it.Now scientists seem to have found a way to protect humans from dengue by first protecting mosquitoes. Dengue fever is caused by a virus. Though it may seem strange to think of it this way, the mosquitoes that spread the dengue virus are also infected with it. But the virus doesn’t seem to hurt the mosquitoes.Wolbachia is a kind of bacteria commonly found in many insects. In some insects, Wolbachia can keep some viruses fromduplicatingthemselves, which is how viruses grow inside a body. Wolbachia isn’t naturally found in mosquitoes. But by infecting these mosquitoes with Wolbachia, scientists can keep the mosquitoes from catching the dengue virus. Even better, the young mosquitoes coming from the eggs of the infected mosquitoes also carry Wolbachia.Researchers working with the World Mosquito Program (WMP) ran a 27-month study in Yogyakarta,Indonesia. They split a 10-square-mile area up into 24 smaller areas. In half of the areas, the scientists did nothing. In the other half, they set out containers of eggs from mosquitoes that had Wolbachia. They did this every two weeks for just 4 to 6 months.Ten months later, 80% of the mosquitoes in the treated areas carried Wolbachia. The researchers report the number of dengue cases in the treated areas was reduced by 77% and that the number of people needing hospital care for dengue dropped by 86%.Because the results of the experiment were so good, the WHO has placed Wolbachia-infected mosquito eggs in all parts of Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. The WHO says that within a year, their efforts will protect 2.5 million people against dengue and that their efforts will be turned into a program that can be repeated worldwide.8. What kind of disease is dengue?A. It is likely to cause death.B. It causes no pain but fevers.C. It happens less often in hot areas.D. It hurts both people and mosquitoes.9. The underlined word “duplicating” in paragraph 3 most probably means “________”.A. worsening the harm ofB. expanding the size ofC. increasing forces ofD. making copies of10. What can be inferred about the method from the figures listed in paragraph 5?A. Its wide use.B. Its effectiveness.C. Its complexity.D.Its easy operation.11. What’s the WHO’s attitude towards the method?A. Ambiguous.B. Positive.C. Tolerant.D. Skeptical.DOne of the most popular street food found inChinais no doubt the barbecue. A new program, called Chinese Barbecue, tells the story of this popular food cooked over hot coals on just about every street corner in cities and towns across the country. Barbecued meat is an important part of people’s nightlife.Shown on June 20, the program has had more than 25 million clicks on the video site . To find the most popular barbecue stalls (摊位), the production team travelled to more than 500 locations in 30 cities across the country. Some viewers compare Chinese Barbecue to Midnight Diner, a Japanese TV program telling stories from late night informal Japanese bars.“I’m happy to hear this comparison because Midnight Diner is a good program, and we share the same topic― night food,” Chinese Barbecue’s director Chen Yingjie said. “However, they are quite different.” He saidthat Midnight Diner focused more on food itself, though there was someconversation while people were eating. However, the night food scene of Chinese people means joy and a more lively atmosphere. People eating these barbecue snacks develop a feeling of connection, which can be a cure for loneliness.The barbecue, regarded as the most ordinary and common night street snack, is different from home-made food by mothers as that is a symbol of family and kinship. The barbecue is where you go to become connected to people in society. And unlike official business lunches, during which people are rather polite, the barbecue lets people relax with old friends and new friends, leaving a lasting impression of friendship.The world, as a whole, holds deep-rooted good feelings toward the barbecue, either for the taste or the warmth produced by fire. “What we should do is to present the Chinese barbecue just the way it is because with its special ingredients(食材)，ways of cooking and more importantly, the special environment and people, the world will recognize it and might fall in love with it just as we do.” said Chen.12. What do we know about Chinese Barbecue?A. It has been becoming very popular on the Internet.B. It is thought highly of by most of the foreign tourists.C. It mainly talks about the most famous Chinese food.D. It shows the color1 ful nightlife in large cities ofChina.13. In which way was Chinese Barbecue different from Midnight Diner?A. It showed more kinds of food.B. It focused more on the diners.C. It showed the eating habits.D. It was less popular than Midnight Diner.14. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The importance of the barbecue to family.B. The influence of the barbecue on people’s manners.C. The influence of the barbecue on people’s lifestyle.D. The role of the barbecue in people’s relationship.15. Why did Chen Yingjie choose the barbecue as the topic of the series?A. To show the feature of Chinese food.B. To research a special way of cooking.C. To help the world understandChina.D. To introduce the history of the barbecue.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017上海中学高三英语周练GrammarThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of (21)______(widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means (22)______(step) off the pavement into a busy street. If you (23)______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed (24)______ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house -- it will(25)______ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover,(26)______ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls (27)______ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (28)______(originate) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, (29)______ ______ they are often associated witchcraft (巫术). It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path -- although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is (30)______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood?”VocabularyAsk most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that they’ll say,“Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Ea rly immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a ___31___ society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers; in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote, “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor, starve, a nd bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s ___32___ follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and ___33___ national expansion into the western territories.Our national historical story is full of ___34___ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from ___35___ origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with his rags-to-riches tales. The ___36___ for success haunts(萦绕于) us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even ___37___ our personal relationships: today it’s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams can easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success ___38___ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in ___39___ symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, and eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe ___40___ in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.Cloze I(A)The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company cultureto embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.Starbucks literally changed the definition of“a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee, ___41___ and stores. Strict control over the quality and processing of the beans ___42___ that the coffee would be of the highest possible quality. Outstanding store personnel were recruited and trained in coffee knowledge and ___43___ service. Store design, atmosphere and aroma all ___44___ the“Starbucks Experience.”Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the“Starbucks Experience”, ___45___ coffee to provide a unique experience for its customers.___46___ those traditional coffee houses providing you with the grab-and-go service, Starbucks provide you with more than coffee. You get great people, first-rate music, a comfortable and upbeat meeting place, and ___47___ advice on brewing excellent coffee at home. At home you’re part of a family. At work you’re part of a company. And somewhere in between is a place where you can sit back and be yourself. That’s what a Starbucks store has been ___48___ to creating for its customers -- a kind of “third place” where they can ___49___, reflect, read, chat or listen.The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the ___50___ from the wooden statue of the sea. Mermaid logo also ___51___ original and modern meanings: her face is very simple, but with modern abstract forms of packaging, the middle is black and white only color on the outside surrounded by a circle.Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of ___52___: the visual warmth, hearing the way, smell the aroma of coffee and so on. Just think, through the huge glass windows,watching the crowded streets, ___53___ sipping a coffee flavor, which is in line with the “Yapi”, the feeling of experience in the ___54___ life.But the ___55___ of Starbucks is not about the coffee, although it’s great coffee. Coffee is only a carrier. Coffee consumption, to a great extent, is an emotional and cultural level of consumption.41. A. customers B. managers C. people D. clients42. A. insured B. promised C. predicted D. ensured43. A. employment B. customer C. environment D. emergency44. A. consisted of B. contributed to C. benefited from D. headed for45. A. coming across B. making up C. going beyond D. depending on46. A. With regard to B. In addition to C. Compared with D. In terms of47. A. general B. group C. legal D. sound48. A. committed B. alerted C. subjected D. required49. A. negotiate B. escape C. conceal D. perform50. A. imagination B. inspiration C. patent D. philosophy51. A. conveys B. creates C. credits D. cultivates52. A. brand B. logo C. possession D. experience53. A. greedily B. gently C. persistently D. indifferently54. A. easy B. busy C. miserable D. energetic55. A. product B. essence C. importance D. visionCloze II(B)Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to the mind of us for our entire lives. But, what if science can ___56___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, Memory is an incredibly complex ____57___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___58___.In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it's because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___59___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___60___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren't available?Simply put, memories can't be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___61___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___62___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time that memory is changed a little, reflecting your ___63___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___64___ and imagination, which means that the moreyou reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___65___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer (服药) the protein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___66___ removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. ___67___, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___68___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would ware for a shock and ___69___ the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___70___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.56. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase57. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure58. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex59. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building60. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected61. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example62. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production63. A. terrified B. precious C. current D. previous64. A. terrified B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction65. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing66. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently67. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead68. A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down69. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly70. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearfulReading comprehension(A)Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in LeLecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使... 永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.This photo, wi th the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized. In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1. According to the author, the woman was probably ________.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past2. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _________.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a romantic encounter with a stranger(B)A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks, drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetingsand to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Cafélocated in the bottom level of the Gouglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse are available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1:00 to 4:30 pm.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.5. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can treat your friends to home-cooked meals in this Globe on weekends.B. The Wellness Centre offers medical services free of charge.C. You can go to the Writing Centre directly to get turoring for your language studies.D. If you feel depressed, you may seek medical help on campus.7. What’s the function of the TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus tours.C. To take students to the Mattson Center.D. To transport students to and from the stores.(C)Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people?According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person’s desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage-even at 20 percent over-may be considerable.So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases.Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set-along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack--and there’s a ear or two in every driveway."There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖) as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We’ve ignored it, and blamed it on overeating and laziness."If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what’s wrong blaming it on overeating and laziness? Ture, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem.But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins.Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway.As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well.Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can eliminate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.8. The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on the fact that ________.A. the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased.B. people have a different idea about their desirable weight now.C. being overweight becomes a threat to people’s health.D. the overweight problem has long been studied.9. By saying“So are the attendant health risks,”the author means ________.A. America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem.B. health risks resulting from being overweight are serious too.C. being overweight is classified as one of the health problems.D. people have also paid much attention to the possible health risks.10. What does William Dietz think of obesity?A. It should be treated as a public health problem.B. It should be attributed to laziness and overeating.C. It has much to do with nutritional problems.D. It has nothing to do with the overuse of cars.11. According to the author, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The overweight problem has cost the nation much.B. Eating too much and exercising too little are the major causes of obesity.C. It’s a rather challenging task for Americans to lose weight.D. Many Americans are totally ignorant of the harm of junk food.12. In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone needs to ________.A. be taught to prevent gaining weightB. be educated to lose weight effectivelyC. seek help from consumer informationD. know what makes a healthy dinner.(D)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw -- having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the George that most people remember from their history books, a boy who was ashamed of chopping down his father’s favorite cherry tree. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises (妥协) made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue t hat many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong -- and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered (束缚) by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution(宪法) without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a term that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the LouisianaPurchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children -- though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.13. In Paragraph 1, George Washin gton’s dental surgery is mentioned to ________.A. In Paragraph 1, George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to ____.B. demonstrate the great cruelty of slavery in his days.C. stress the important role of slaves in the entire U.S. historyD. reveal an unknown aspect of his life and introduce the topic.14. We may infer from the second paragraph that ________.A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B. In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C. histo rians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.D. Political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.15. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B. His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A. Some founding fathers benefited politically from slavery.B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D. Washington decided to free slaves due to moral considerations.(E)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer r obots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams -- yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.17. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.。

2019-2020学年高三英语上学期周练试题A卷I. 单词辩音从选项中，选出一个与前面所给单词划线部分相同的选项。

（每小题1.5分）1. grade A. temperature B. classmate C. necklace D. fortunate2. account A. courage B. various C. southern D. pronounce3. moustache A. machine B. headache C. technique D. research4. beard A. heard B. search C. dear D. heart5. evaluate A. production B. persuade C. conclude D. stupidII. 单项填空（每小题1.5分）6. Such good use has been ______ his spare time ______ his English has improved a lot.A. made of ; thatB. made of ; asC. made in ; thatD. found in ; as7. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to9. ______ good, the food was soon sold out.A. TastedB. TastingC. Being tastedD. Having tasted10. ---Have we ______ food?---Yes, ______ . We’d better buy some.A. run out of ; our food has run outB. run out of ; we have run it outC. run out of ; our food has been run outD. run out ; our food has run out11. ---We’d like you to start work tomorrow if possible.---I’m sorry, but I can’t possibly start until Monday. ______ ?A. Do you agree with meB. Is that a good ideaC. Do you think I’m rightD. Will that be all right12. ______ , the football game has been decided not to be put off.A. Heavily as did it rainB. As it rained heavilyC. Heavily as it rainedD. As heavily as it rained possible13. I don’t know what Ann was arguing ______ .A. with themB. to themC. to them aboutD. with them about14. The best method to ______ this goal is to unite as many sympathetic people as possible with the labor movement itself.A. winB. accomplishC. finishD. complete15. ---How do you like the film?---______ interesting than expected.A. A great deal muchB. A great deal of moreC. A great deal of muchD. A great deal more16. _______ English language is taught ________ a foreign language at _________ schools in China.A. /; as; most ofB./; like; most ofC. The; like; mostD. The; as; most 17. Young people spend most of their time _________ for they don’t want to stay at home all day.A. outdoorB. outdoorsC. indoorD. indoors18. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed19. ______ was known to all, William had broken his promise ______ he would give us a rise.A. As ; whichB. As ; thatC. It ; thatD. It; which20. The old man, ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having workedIII. 完型填空（30分）My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 21 , but I always knew he was 22 . He never criticized us, but used 23 to bring out our best. He’d say, “If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.” I 24 as a child I said something 25 about somebody, and my father said, “26 time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that if I looked for the best 27 people, I would get the best 28 . From then on I’ve always tried to 29 the principle in my life and later in running my company.Dad’s also always been very 30 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 31 a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 32 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, 33 any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 34 me to go into law. And I’ve 35 regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 36 I didn’t pursue my 37 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”As 38 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 39 for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 40 me.21. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener22. A. strict23. A. praiseB. honestB. courageC. specialC. powerD. learnedD. warmth24. A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess25. A. unnecessary26. A. Another27. A. on28. A. in case29. A. revise30. A. understanding31. A. taking up32. A. suggestion33. A. andB. unkindB. SomeB. inB. by turnsB. setB. experiencedB. making upB. decisionB. asC. unimportantC. AnyC. atC. by chanceC. reviewC. seriousC. picking upC. noticeC. even ifD. unusualD. OtherD. aboutD. in returnD. followD. demandingD. keeping upD. choiceD. as if34. A. helped35. A. always36. A. rather37. A. promise38. A. this39. A. newspaper40. A. controlled B. allowedB. neverB. butB. taskB. heB. magazineB. comfortedC. persuadedC. seldomC. forC. beliefC. itC. programC. remindedD. suggestedD. almostD. thereforeD. dreamD. thatD. projectD. raisedIV. 阅读理解( 20分)AWhen a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.“Storm chasing (追逐)” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby, especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop.Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”However, for storm chaser, it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth”.41. For storm chasing, the first thing storm chasers do is to ______ .A.head straight for the center of the stormB.get into the car for safetyC.wait patiently for the storm to developD.collect information about a coming storm42. Beginners of storm chasing are advised ______ .A.not to drive in a heavy rainB.to do it in all organized wayC.not to get too close to a stormD.to spend more time on it in summer43. By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph, the author means that ______ .A.storm chasing costs a lot of moneyB.storm chasing is worth hours of waitingC.efforts in storm chasing are well paidD.a storm presents the greatest show on Earth44. What can we learn from the text?A.Sometimes storm chaser’s get nothing but disappointment.B.Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.C.Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world.D.Storm chasing is only fit for young people.BWhile income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome” (空巢综合症) .In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response in time for their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as “distant parent phenomenon”, which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.45. According to the passage, the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by ______ .A.their earlier experience of feeling lonelyB.the unfavorable living conditions in their native countriesC.The common worry about their incomeD.The geographical distance between parents and children46. Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind, to ______ .A.live in the countries with more moneyB.seek a better place for their aged parentsC.continue their studies abroadD.realize their dreams in foreign countries47. If young people go abroad, ______ .A.they do not hold to the value of duty at allB.they can give some help to their parents back homeC.they cannot do what they should for their parentsD.they believe what they actually do is right48. From the last paragraph, we can infer that _______ .A.the situations in the developed and developing countries are differentB.“Empty Nest Syndrome” has arrived unexpectedly in our societyC.children will become independent as soon as they go abroadD.the aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”V. 短文改错（10分）姓名：__________________By midday the sun was very strong. Jim was so tired 1. ____to walk. There was no trees near the road, so he rested 2. ____under a big rock. After drinking some water, he took his 3. ____shirt, lying down on the ground and fell asleep at once. 4. ____He is so tired that he didn’t wake up until the evening. 5. ____He was just about to jump while he felt something moving 6. ____near his feet. He looked up and saw a long black snake. 7. ____Jim was so frightening that he didn’t dare to move. The 8. ____snake began to crawl(爬) across his legs. It crawled on and 9. _____on until it was disappeared under the rocks. Jim jumped 10. ____to his feet, picked up his shirt and ran down the road.VI. 单词拼写( 10分)1.The O_______________ of life on earth is still a mystery to many people.2.In a gym that is well-e__________________(装备) , you can pracitise all sorts of sports.3.I tried to concentrate on my work, but my mind was w___________________ .4.Starting this year, an even greater number of __________________ (志愿者) will contributeto making the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing a success.5.There being v___________________ points of view, it is very difficult to make a decision.6.Make sure you give each word its correct _________________________ (发音).7.I can’t c_________________________ with him, my telephone doesn’t work..8.The ________________________ (绝大多数) of children in their classes have blue eyes;only five have brown eyes.9._____________________ (相比) with my written English, my spoken English is better.10.WTO refers to the World Trade ___________________________ (组织) .B. they can give some help to their parents back homeC. they cannot do what they should for their parentsD. they believe what they actually do is right 48. From the last paragraph, we can infer that _______ .A.the situations in the developed and developing countries are differentB.“Empty Nest Syndrome” has arrived unexpectedly in our societyC.children will become independent as soon as they go abroadD.the aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”V. 短文改错（10分）姓名：__________________By midday the sun was very strong. Jim was so tired 1. ____to walk. There was no trees near the road, so he rested 2. ____under a big rock. After drinking some water, he took his 3. ____shirt, lying down on the ground and fell asleep at once. 4. ____He is so tired that he didn’t wake up until the evening. 5. ____He was just about to jump while he felt something moving 6. ____near his feet. He looked up and saw a long black snake. 7. ____Jim was so frightening that he didn’t dare to move. The 8. ____snake began to crawl(爬) across his legs. It crawled on and 9. _____on until it was disappeared under the rocks. Jim jumped 10. ____to his feet, picked up his shirt and ran down the road.VI. 单词拼写( 10分)1.The O_______________ of life on earth is still a mystery to many people.2.In a gym that is well-e__________________(装备) , you can pracitise all sorts of sports.3.I tried to concentrate on my work, but my mind was w___________________ .4.Starting this year, an even greater number of __________________ (志愿者) will contributeto making the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing a success.5.There being v___________________ points of view, it is very difficult to make a decision.6.Make sure you give each word its correct _________________________ (发音).7.I can’t c_________________________ with him, my telephone doesn’t work..8.The ________________________ (绝大多数) of children in their classes have blue eyes;only five have brown eyes.9._____________________ (相比) with my written English, my spoken English is better.10.WTO refers to the World Trade ___________________________ (组织) .高二下英语周练试题A卷答案2007-8-15语音：1—5 BDACD单选：6—20 ADDBA DCDBD DBCBD完形：21—40 CCACB CBDDA ADBCA BDCBD阅读：41—48 DBCA DDCB改错：1.so→too 2. was→were 3. took∧off 4. lying→lay 5. i s→ was 6. while→when 7. up→down 8. frightening→frightened 9. √10. was去掉单词：origin equipped wandering volunteers variouspronunciation communicate majority Compared Organization;。

2017上海中学高三英语周练GrammarThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of (21）______（widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means (22）______(step) off the pavement into a busy street. If you (23)______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed （24)______ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe，and then wait for it to dry。

Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house —- it will （25)______ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household。

Moreover, （26）______ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain！The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some，and when the 13th day of the month falls (27)______ a Friday，whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （28）______（originate）in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, （29）______ ______ they are often associated witchcraft (巫术). It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path -- although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is (30）______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood？”VocabularyAsk most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that they’ll say, “Success." The dream of individual opportunity has been present in America since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere。

2020届上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets,by Patricio PronIn April 1945,Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul KalanithiAt thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living?”.To Killa Mockingbird, by Harper LeeSet in a smallAlabamatown in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) storyby Bess KalbBess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone fromBelarustoAmericato survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.1.What type of book is the first novel?A.Sci-fi.B.Biography.C.Detective books.D.History books.2.Which book explores life and death?A.To Kill a MockingbirdB.When Breath Becomes AirC.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These StreetsD.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story3.Who is the main character in the last novel?A.Bobby Bell.B.Bess Kalb.C.Bess’s mother.D.Bobby’s mother.BAn ancient tomb was recently discovered in southern Siberia in which there may be treasure, priceless objects, and the 3, 000-year-old remains of an ice mummy.Swiss scientist Gino Caspari with the University of Bern was looking carefully at the pictures of the area in the Russian Tuva Republic, when he came across what appeared to be a tomb. It is a tomb of the Scythians, an ancient group of Eurasians.This summer, together with researchers from the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Hermitage Museum, a dig at the site not only proved Caspari's idea, but told us the site is the largest and oldest of its kind ever discovered in what's increasingly known as the “Siberian Valley of the Kings.”While any discovery dating back to a period between the Iron Age and Bronze Age is exciting, it's the nature of this site that makes scientists want to begin carefully clearing away the layers of rock and earth. First, the tomb appears to have never been dug, because it is in a Siberian wetland faraway from the nearest place where people live. Second, and most important, is its possible resting place under a thick layer of permafrost.“There's permafrost in the area,” Caspari said. “There are really only a handful of permafrost tombs and very few that have not been damaged, where there have been ice mummies in good condition, and all the things in the tomb are untouched.”While not as large, other tombs discovered in the area have produced fantastical treasures and objects, including thousands of gold objects and other things about the past. By studying all these tombs, researchers hope to have a better understanding of the Scythian people.Caspari said his team is in a race against time to uncover the tomb and find out its secrets. “We now have to act fast,” he said, “because with the rising temperatures, the permafrost could melt and damage all the things in that tomb. And these are things that are over 3,000 years old, that look like new, like they were put there yesterday.”4. How did Caspari discover the tomb?A. By studying pictures.B. By visiting a Russian area.C. By talking with Russian researchers.D. By comparing other scientists,ideas.5. Why has the tomb remained untouched?A. It is covered by a lot of rocks.B. It is well kept by the Scythians.C. It is too small to draw attention.D. It is hidden in a wild cold place.6. Why do scientists want to uncover the tomb?A. To better protect the tomb.B. To save the treasures inside.C. To learn more about the Scythians.D. To have a good understanding of mummies.7. Why is Caspari's team racing against time to dig the tomb?A. The tomb is too old.B. It is getting hotter and hotter.C. Some treasures are being damaged.D. They want to save time for other tombs.CThe modern Olympics, which appeared in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, have become the world’s most important sporting competition. From the 8th century B. C. to the 4th century A. D., the the ancient Olympics were held every four years in Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in1896 inAthens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19, was held in Japan in 2021.The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location (位置) at Olympia, a place near the western coast in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the Olympic Games held every four years.After the Roman Empire conquered (征服) Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality dropped. For example from 67 A. D., the Emperor Nero entered an Olympic horse race, announcing himself the winner even after he fell off hishorse during the event. In 393 A. D., Emperor TheodosiusⅠended the ancient Olympic tradition.It was another 1,500 years before the Games rose again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Working hard at the development of physical education, the young man became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic building. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin suggested the idea of making the Olympics an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval (批准) he needed to found the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ), which would become the governing body of themodern Olympic Games.8. What do we know about the modern Olympics?A. The modern Olympics became famous in the 18th century.B. The first Winter Olympics was held in 1994.C. The first modern Olympics dates back to 1896.D. The latest Winter Olympics will delay for two years.9. How often were the ancient Olympics held?A. Every year.B. Every other year.C. Every three years.D. Every four years.10. When did the ancient Olympics end?A. In 393 A. D.B. In 67 A. D.C. In the mid-2nd century B. C.D. About 1,500 years ago.11. What is the best title of the text?A. The ancient OlympicsB. The modern OlympicsC. The Olympics developed through yearsD. The Olympics are popular in modern timeDA company called Neuralink has shared a video where a monkey is playing a video game. That' s fairly unusual, but what makes the video even stranger is that the monkey is playing the video game with just his mind.The monkey in the video is called Pager who has two of Neuralink's special "Link" devices(装置)inside his brain. The devices planted in Pager's brain are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick it, which is a normal gaming controller. But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was the most difficult work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence ( AI) to help them decode(解码)Pager's brain signals.The final step was to have a computer make moves inthe video game as if Pager had actually moved thejoystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an “up” signal to the video game.At first, the researchers let Pager keep moving the joystick with his hand, even though it was no longer connected to the computer. But soon Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.Even though Neuralink's work right now focuses on animals and video games, there's a very serious purpose behind it. Neuralink wants to make it possible for humans who have lost the ability to make physical movements to interact with the world around them.12. What are “Link” devices used to do?A. To pick up the arms' and hands' signals.B. To link the computer to the monkey's brain.C. To send out information about the brain's signals.D. To control movements of the arms and hands.13. What challenged scientists most in the study?A. Recording and sending out body signals.B. Training Pager to use the joystick correctly.C. Planting "Link" devices into Pager's brain.D. Matching brain signals to body movements.14. What is Neuralink's real purpose of the study?A. To test artificial intelligence.B. To help those without arms or legs.C. To study how animals play video games.D. To develop more complex video games.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Games for Animals Are Developed.B. Science Proves the Intelligence of Monkeys.C. Monkey Plays Video Games Using His Mind.D. Neuralink Is Leading the World in Technology.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。