被动语态的特殊用法
被动语态的特殊用法
我们刚刚学习了被动语态的构成和一些基本用法，下面就一起来看看被动语态的一些特殊用法。
一、一些特殊动词的被动语态
1. 跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态
感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。如：
I saw a bag drop from the bus.
→ A bag was seen to drop from the bus.
Mother made her baby sleep in her arms.
→ The baby was made to sleep in her mother’s arms.
2. 跟双宾语的动词的被动语态
直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如：
Mr. Smith gave us a lecture.
→ We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.
或 A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.
当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。如：
I returned him the book.
→ The book was returned to him. （注意用to）
He wrote me a short note.
→ A short note was written to me. (注意用to)
He found me an umbrella.
→ An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)
I bought her some flowers.
→ Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for）
3. 短语动词的被动语态
变成被动语态时，短语动词应当看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如：
We can’t look down upon anybody.
→ Anybody can’t be looked down upon.
The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day.
→ The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→ The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
二、被动语态的几种特殊形式
1. 当break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。
The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗。
This new book sells well. 新书很畅销。
Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。
The letter reads as follows. 信的内容如下。
The glass cleans easily. 这些杯子易洗。
The new car runs well. 这辆新车跑得很正常。
My new bike rides well. 我的新自行车很好骑。
The shoes wear long. 这种鞋子很耐穿。
The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅。
2. 有些动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构。如：
He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。
The boy was lost in the street.
男孩在街上迷路了。
The girl is dressed in a red skirt.
这个女孩穿着红裙子。
He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。
My dream is gone with the wind.
我的梦随风而去了。
[小试] 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _______(celebrate) in China.
2. I _______ (ask) by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.
3. Books of this kind _______ (sell) very well.
4. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the room _______ (paint).
5. The boy _______ (bring up) in the countryside.
6. A good job _______ me last year. (offer)
Key:
1. is celebrated
2. was asked
3. sell
4. is being painted
5. was brought up
6. was offered to