Chapter One English Histiory
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following.
1. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at
C .
A. the Battle of Crecy C. the Battle of Hastings
B. the Battle of Agincourt D. the Battle of Waterloo
2. One of the following did not take place during the Middle Ages. It was D .
A. the Norman Conquest C. the Hundred Years War
B. the Crusades D. the “Gunpowder Plot”
3. The most famous of the English Crusaders was the Norman king, A .
A. Richard Lion-Heart C. King Arthur
B. King John D. Alfred the Great
4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a (n) B aristocracy.
A. English-speaking C. German-speaking
B. French-speaking D. Gaelic-speaking
5. In England, the Protestant Reformation began with B .
A. King John C. Queen Elizabeth
B. Henry VIII D. Bloody Mary
6. Shakespeare lived in the period of C .
A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan age
B. the Victorian age D. the Industrial Revolution
7. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during C .
A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan age
B. the “grab for Africa” D. the Victorian age
8. T he “Gunpowder Plot” took place in the reign of A .
A. James I C. Henry VIII
B. Elizabeth I D. Charles I
9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was C .
A. Henry VIII C. Charles I
B. James I D. James II
10. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was B .
A. Spain C. America
B. France D. Germany
11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. It was D .
A. great victories over France C. the loss of her American colonies
B. the Industrial Revolution D. the founding of the modern police force
12. The Reform Bill in the eighteenth century in British history was made to A .
A. extend the franchise C. encourage inventions
B. develop trade unions D. improve social services
13. One of the following was not a characteristic of the Victorian age. D
A. It was an age of national development and national optimism.
B. It was an age of stability in family life.
C. It was an age of imperialism.
D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.
14. One of the following did not take place between the two world wars in British history. It was A .
A. the “suffragette” movement
B. the independence of the southern part of Ireland
C. the great “slump”
D. the General Strike
15. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history? C
A. The independence of the colonies of the old British empire
B. The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every home
C. The “suffragette” movement
D. The founding of the “Welfare State”
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. The Crusades were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the “” (i. e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the .
2. In British history, the great rivals of the king’s authority during the Middle Ages were
and the local chiefs, called .
3. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Years’ War, the language took its place.
4. During the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, English bowmen defeated the heavily armed French knights in the famous Battles of and , and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands.
5. The sixteenth century was the age of great voyages of discovery. and were the two great sailors who started the age of discovery.
7. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in Britain in the reign of .
8. Most people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is .The other is .
9. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was .
10. The English Civil War resulted in the temporary overthrow of the , and the country became for more
than ten years a sort of republic founded by .
11. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “Cavalier” supported.
14. The longest reign in British history was the monarch of the great Queen Victoria, which lasted from the year
to .
15. The Origin of Species was written by .
17. After World War II, the first two colonies of the old British Empire that became free were ___ and .
III. Explanation
1. the Hundred Years’ War
(1) A war between England and France which lasted, on and off, for a hundred years from 1337 to 1453. (2) It was
fought entirely in France, and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands in the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. (3) Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.
2. the Catholic Church
(1) It refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. (2) All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ
and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy.” (3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope was extremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics. 3. the Elizabethan age
(1) It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an age of real literary
achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.
Answers
I . Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1.;
2.;
3. A;
4. B;
5. B;
6. C;
7. C;
8.A;
9. C; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. A; 15. C
II. Fill in the Blanks
1.; the Muslims
2. the Church; barons
3. French; English
4. Crecy; Agincourt
5. Columbus; Vasco da Gama
7. Elizabeth I
8. literature; adventure on the sea
9. Sir Francis Drake
10. monarchy; Oliver Cromwell
11. the Parliament; the King (or King CharlesI)
14. 1837; 1901
15. Charles Darwin
17. India; Pakistan
Chapter Two British Government System
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. Queen Elizabeth n is “Defender of the Faith”, because ______.
A. she is the spiritual leader of the Church of England
B. she is the head of the Church of England
C. she is the personification of the state.
D. she is the symbol of the English values.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.
B. The Queen receives reports of cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister.
C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the Cabinet.
D. The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.
3. Which of the following is not true?
A. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracy.
B. She is a symbol of British culture.
C. She is a symbol of English tradition.
D. She is a symbol of English way of life.
4. Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?
A. The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers.
B. The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers.
C. MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate.
D. Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.
5. How often does the General Election take place?
A. At least every three years. C. At least every five years.
B. At least every four years. D. At least every six years.
6. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?
A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.
B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.
C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.
D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.
7. The executive power is in the hands of _____.
A. Parliament C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister
B. the House of Commons D. the Queen
8. The real centre of power in Parliament is _____.
A. the Queen C. the House of Lords
B. the House of Commons D. the Cabinet
9. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays?
A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases.
B. To make laws.
C. To control and criticize the executive government.
D. To control the raising and the spending of money.
10. The real power of the British government lies in _____.
A. the House of Commons C. the Prime Minister
B. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D. the Queen
11. Which of the following is the Act that restricted the powers of the Lords in dealing with money?
A. The Parliament Act of 1901 C. The Bill of Rights in 1689
B. The Parliament Act of 1911 D. The Act of Settlement in 1701
12. The real power of the House of Lords lies in ____.
A. helping to pass money bills C. discussing bills
B. delaying bills D. being Supreme Court
13. Which of the following is not correct?
A. The Speaker presides over the meetings in the House of Commons and sees that procedure is followed.
B. The Speaker has the highest power in the House of Commons, he usually takes sides and joins the debates.
C. The Speaker controls the debates, seeing that Members do not stray too far from the subject of debate.
D. The Speaker interprets the rule of procedure and settles any disputes as to whether things are being
properly done.
14. According to the text, which of the following is the most important privilege enjoyed by MPs?
A. Freedom of speech in Parliament. C. High living standards.
B. High social status. D. Involvement in law-making.
15. Which of the following sentences in true?
A. The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.
B. The strength of the big parties remains unchanged.
C. Members of the two big parties no longer dominate Parliament.
D. The two big parties have declined over recent years.
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. __________ is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom.
2. A1l English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for _________.
3. The highest of all honors conferred by the British Queen is __________.
4. The British Constitution consists mainly of the following five parts mentioned in the text:
(1)__________; (2)__________; (3)__________; (4)__________ and(5)__________.
5. A General Election takes place at least every __________ years. In each General Election, ________ are elected members of Parliament.
6. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements 1)______; (2)________;
(3)________.
7. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _________.
12. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ___________.
13. The executive power of the government is vested mainly in the __________.
14. The real centre of power in Parliament is ______; the excusive government is responsible to ______.
15. The House of Lords has no Power where ______ Bills are concerned. All other Bills the Lords can only hold
up for ________.
17. Parliament has three main functions: (1)___________; (2)___________ and (3)_________.
18. The present monarch of Britain is _________, her role mainly ___________.
III. Explain Each of the Following in English
1. British Parliament
(1) It includes three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. (2) It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain. (3) The real centre of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. (4) Other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.
2. the British Constitution
(l) It is unwritten. (2) Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege. (3) It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.
3. General Election
(1) General Election is held at least every five years. (2) The country is divided int0 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. (3) The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. (4) The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.
Answers
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1) B; 2) C; 3) A; 4)C; 5)C; 6)C; 7)C; 8)B; 9)A; 10)A; 11)B; 12)D; 13)B; 14)A; 15)D
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. The monarchy
2. On Her Majesty’s Service
3. the Most Noble Order of the Garter
4. Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law, Parliamentary Privilege.
5. five; 635.
6. the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.
7. Parliament
11. The Lord Chancellor
12. her ministers
13. Cabinet 14. the House of Commons, Parliament
15. Money, a year .
17. to make laws, to control and criticize the
executive government, to control the raising and the spending of money.
18. Queen Elizabeth II; symbolic.
Chapter 3 English Literature
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. Among the following four great English poets, who does not belong to the trio of English poetry giants?
A. Chaucer. C. Milton.
B. Shakespeare. D. Shelley.
2. Which of the following was a realistic writer?
A. Jonathan Swift C. Percy B Shelley.
B. Daniel Defoe. D. Thomas Hardy.
3. The King James Bible __________.
A. was written by King James I
B. Was translated by King James I
C. was translated under the order of King James I
D. was directed by King James I
4. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?
A. Drama. C. Poetry.
B. Novel. D. Essay.
5. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?
A. Twelfth Night. C. The Tempest.
B. Othello. D. Richard II.
6. Which of the following is generally considered as one of the masterpieces by Milton?
A. Samson Agonistes C. Canterbury Tales.
B. King Lear. D. Don Juan.
7. Which of the following was the bitterest satirist?
A. Walter Scott. C. Jonathan Swift.
B. Daniel Defoe. D. Jane Austen.
8. Which of the following was Scottish in origin, and wrote in Scottish dialect?
A. Robert Burns. C. William M. Thackeray.
B. Edmund Burke. D. George Bernard Shaw.
9. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels _____.
A. was a novel of hard thrusting satire against the weakness of human beings
B. was a bo ok of the author’s experiences of travels.
C. was a children’s book with no political significance
D. was a book about the author’s religious life
10. Which of the following was not written by Jane Austen?
A. Wuthering Heights. C. Pride and Prejudice.
B. Sense and Sensibility. D. Emma.
11. Among the following writers, who did not belong to the 20th century?
A. John Galsworthy. C. E. M. Forster
B. D. H. Lawrence. D. Oscar Wilde
12. When did English literature begin?
A. Around 700
B.
C. C. Around the 8th century.
B. After the Norman Conquest. D. Around the 6th century.
13. Johnson and James Boswell were twin stars in the 18th century because_____.
A. they were good friends.
B. they wrote hooks together
C. Boswell was a writer in his own right and he was as famous as Johnson
D. Boswell wrote Johnson’s biography and became a major literary figure in his own right.
14. The writer of The Mill on the Floss was_____.
A. Robert Louis Stevenson C. William Golding
B. George Eliot D. W. Somerset Maugham
15. Several gifted women have played a part in 20th-century fiction. Which of the following is an exception?
A. George Eliot. C. Katherine Mansfield
B. Virginia Woolf. D. Elizabeth Bowen.
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. The study of English literature usually begins with_____.
2. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of_____ and other Scandinavian countries.
3. In the sixteenth century, the most famous writer was_____ who wrote a book called_____ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.
4. The most famous work by John Bunyan was called_____.
5. Three poets who brought the romantic movement to its height were_____, _____, and_____.
6. _____ is regarded as the most important playwright after Shakespeare.
7. The use of stream of consciousness was first started by_____, whose masterpiece was_____.
8. Name two of the plays written by George Bernard Shaw:_____, _____.
9. The author of Vanity Fair was_____; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was done by_____; Charles Dickens wrote_____ and _____ among many other works; The Importance of Being Earnest was written by_____. The representative work of E. M. Forster was_____.
10. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories. They are____, _____, and_____. Name one play out of each category: _____,
_____, _____.
11. _____ i s generally regarded as Chaucer’s masterpiece.
12. Daniel Defoe was most famous for _____.
13. Emily and Charlotte are noted for their novels _____ and _____ which are largely the love stories of a woman for man.
14. D. H. Lawrence was one of the most controversial writers of the early 20th century, _____, one of his finest novels, was
based partly on his own life.
Tragedy: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello
Comedy: A Midsummer Night’s Dream
As You Like It
Twelfth Night
Chronicle: Richard III
Plays: Henry V
Julius Caesar
III. Explanations
1. The Canterbury Tales
(1) It is the masterwork of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. (2) It is the most important work in Middle English Literature.
(3) It is a collection of stories told with superb poetic craft. (4) It gives a cross-section of medieval life.
2. William Shakespeare
(1) He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. (2) He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. (3) His plays fall into three categories: tragedy, such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello; comedy, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It ,Twelfth Night; and chronicle plays, such as Henry V, Julius Caesar.
3. Romantic Literature of the 19th century
(1) It refers to a movement in literature during the first third of the 19th century. (2) The central figures of this movement are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelley. (3)Their writings are characterized by rich imagination and strong feeling.
4. Victorian literature
(1) It refers roughly to the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria. (2) The romantic spirit ceased to be a
leading influence. (3) Historical and philosophical writing continued to flourish along with poetry and fiction. (4) Satire and protest against evils in society became strong elements. (5) The later years of the period saw modern kinds of realistic writing and some authors who showed a new, deeper understanding of character.
Answers
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. D;
2. D;
3. C;
4. A;
5. B;
6. A;
7. C;
8. A;
9. A; 10. A; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. B; 15. A
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. Beowulf
2. Denmark
3. Thomas More; Utopia
4. Pilgrim’s Progress
5. Lord Byron, John Keats; Percy Shelley
6. George Bernard Shaw
7. James Joyce, Ulysses
8. Major Babara, Man and Superman
9. William M. Thackeray; Lewis Carroll; David Copperfield, Oliver Twist;
Oscar Wilde; A passage to India 10. comedies; tragedies; historical plays;
Twelfth Night, King Lear, Julius Caesar
11. The Canterbury Tales
12. Robinson Crusoe
13. Wuthering Heights; Jane Eyre
14. Sons and Lovers
Chapter 4 Character and Manners
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is .
A. reserve C. sense of humor
B. modesty D. sportsmanship
2. If you meet a stranger from Britain, which of the following questions can you ask him?
A. How old are you? C. How often do you travel abroad?
B. When did you buy your watch? D. What’s your salary?
3. In Britain, the following conducts are considered ill-bred except .
A. loud speech
B. self-praise
C. exchanging handshakes on a first introduction
D. laughing at a cripple
4. In Britain, if a person is very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply.
A. I’m not bad. C. I think I’m quite good.
B. Yes. D. Well, I’m very keen on tennis.
5. English sense of humour is characterized by .
A. self-praise C. self-deprecation
B. self-confidence D. self-exaggeration
6. Humor is highly prized in England, however, the English do not laugh at .
A. one’s own faults C. one’s own failures
B. one’s own ideals D. a tragedy
7. Which of the following is not true about the typical Englishman?
A. He likes to think of himself as more reliable.
B. He distrusts exaggerated promises.
C. He is distrustful of any kind of self-praise.
D. He doesn't expect reserve in others.
8. The terms such as “never hit a man when he’s down” and “playing fair” reflect a sense of .
A. humor C. sportsmanship
B. modesty D. responsibility
9. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?
A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.
B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.
C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.
D. The class system still exists below the surface.
10. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in England is their .
A. dress C. work
B. accent D. meal
11. British habits of politeness are on the whole very .
A. informal C. formal
B. complicated D. odd
12. If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, which of the following is considered impolite?
A. To arrive early.
B. To arrive ten minutes late.
C. To pay attention to table manners.
D. To take your leave between ten and eleven o' clock.
13. In Britain, you can usually offer money to .
A. a driver who gives you a lift
B. someone who stops to help you to mend a puncture
C. someone who gives you first aid
D. railway porters who carry your baggage
14. If old people are respected in Britain, it is because .
A. old age and seniority command authority among the British
B. modern development needs the experience of old people
C. old people are felt to be in need of protection and support
D. they always keep pace with the times
15. Which of the following is not true about politeness in Britain?
A. British greetings are complicated.
B. British people do not readily ask each other to do anything which would involve real inconvenience.
C. The British are rather particular about table manners.
D. Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to he.
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. Geographically speaking, the people of the and , especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the and in Britain.
2. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relation with others they value at least a show of .
3. Prince Philip once said that is “God’s greatest gift to mankind.”
4. Boxing, rugby, association football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in the country .
5. The middle class in Britain consists chiefly of _ _ and of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of and workers.
6. In England, middle-class people using slightly varying kinds of which is the kind of English spoken by ____ announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class speak in many different __ accents, which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated.
7. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the education system. To have been to a “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the class.
III. Explanations
1. English sportsmanship
(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain. (2) Sportsmanship is the ability to
practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosit y to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. (3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.
2. English class system
(1) As a social convention, the English class system is much less rigid than it was, but it still exists below the
surface. (2) Br oadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and t he “working class”. The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds; the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.
Answers
I. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. A;
2. C;
3. C;
4. B;
5. C;
6. D;
7. D;
8. C;
9. B; 10. B;
11. A; 12. A; 13. D; 14. C; 15. A
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
1. North; West; South; East
2. modesty
3. a sense of humor
4. Britain
5. well-to-do business men; professional people;
manual; unskilled
6. received pronunciation; BBC; local
7. two-class; middle
Chapter 5 Education
Ⅰ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to .
A. public schools C. State schools
B. private schools D. voluntary schools
2. In British education, boys and girls are usually separated in .
A. inf ants’ schools C. universities
B. junior schools D. university colleges
3. The “eleven plus” is the examination taken by children in their last year at .
A. nursery school C. prep school
B. primary school D. secondary school
4. In the examination called th e “eleven plus”, studen ts with the highest marks go to .
A. grammar schools C. secondary modern schools
B. technical schools D. public schools
5. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called .
A. the Certificate of Secondary Education
B. the Ordinary level of the General Certificate of Education
C. the Advanced level of the General Certificate M Education
D. the common entrance examination
6. Public schools in England are usually attended by those whose parents are .
A. rich C. both rich and politically conservative
B. politically conservative D. liberal
7. About of income of British universities is provided by the State.
A. one-quarter C. three-quarters
B. half D. one-third
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Open University?
A. It is open to everybody.
B. It is non-residential.
C. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.
D. No university degree is awarded.
9. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?
A. Education is chaotic.
B. Education is very expensive.
C. Education is highly centralized.
D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.
10. Which of the following does not reflect the characteristic of freedom in British education?
A. No centralized control from the central government.
B. The different types of schools.
C. The diverse system of university degrees.
D. The completely free education at universities.
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
1. Every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age of to .
2. In Britain some children go before the age of to kindergarten, officially called
“school”. Most start their education at the age of in an “school.”
4. In Britain, there are at this time two systems for secondary schooling, and .
5. In Britain, the schools run by the State is officially called .
6. In Britain, some public schools, like , and , are famous all over the world.
7. In Britain, the prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school; since its main target is not the “eleven plus”, but the examination at the age of thirteen, for admission to a “sc hool.”
9. The two oldest universities in Britain are and .
11. In Britain, the university with far more students than any other British university is .
13. Two features of Oxford and Cambridge are widely admired and are being gradually extended to other
universities. One is ; the other is .
Ⅲ. Explanations
1. the selective system
(1) A system for secondary schooling in Britain. Under this system, children take an examination, the “eleven plus”, in their last year at primary school. (2) The results of this examination determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive. (3) These with the highest marks go to grammar schools; others may go to technical schools and the rest-- by far majority--go to secondary modern schools. (4) This division is now under attack on both educational and social grounds.
2. the comprehensive system
(1) A system for secondary schooling in Britain. Under this system, all children, regardless of ability, can mix together. (2) In comprehensive schools, students study a wide variety of subjects at first. After two or three years they may study only those they like best. (3) Many new ideas in education are being tried out at present, and comprehensive schools vary widely throughout Britain.
Answers
Ⅰ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following
1. C;
2. B;
3. B;
4. A;
5. C;
6.C;
7.C;
8. D;
9. D; 10. D
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
1. five; fifteen
2. five; nursery; five; infants’September
4. the selective; the comprehensive
5. county schools
6. Eton; Harrow; Rugby
7. common entrance; public 9. Oxford; Cambridge
11. London University
13. the college system, the tutorial system
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
Chapter One: Understanding the Culture of the United States 1. Who established the dominant American culture? Immigrants, most immigrants were from northern Europe, and the majority were from England. Their values and traditions became the dominant, traditional culture of the United States. Chapter Two: Traditional American Values and Beliefs 2. What are the six traditional American values and beliefs? Individual freedom and self-reliance，equality of opportunity and competition，material wealth and hard work。 Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 3. What is the most important heritage of Protestantism in the United States? Self-improvement（p54）。Material success，hard work。Self-discipline。Volunteerism and humanitarianism（人道主义） Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 4. What is the “Protestant work ethic” according to our textbook? The belief in hard work and self-discipline in pursuit of material gain and other goals is often referred to as …the Protestant work ethic?.(p55 13) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 5. What does "frontier" refer to in American history? American macho heroes. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 6. What are the two new values derived from the American frontier? Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. (p77) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 7. Why did the sale of guns rise after 9/11? How Americans reacted to 911 reveals another legacy of the frontier: Americans? willingness to take the law into their own hands to protect themselves and their families. This tendency usually appears when Americans believe the police cannot adequately protect them.
英美文化及其风俗习惯 1．关于个人隐私：英美人特别注重个人隐私，他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道，更不愿让别人干预，当陌生人或不大熟悉的人提出How old are you?(你多大了?)／How much do you make? (你赚多少钱?)／Are you married? (你结婚了吗?)等涉及年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题时，都被认为有失礼貌。因此，在与英美人交往时，应避免问及有关隐私的问题。 2．被邀做客带什么?在英美等国家，如果被邀请去别人家里做客，除非遇到一些重大的节日或婚礼、生日等特殊的场合，通常只需带上一点小礼物或一束鲜花即可。如果是好朋友相邀，则送不送礼物都可以，如果一定要送点什么，也不需要买过于贵重的东西，礼物可以是一瓶酒，一块巧克力，一张有纪念意义的明信片等。在接过礼物后，接受礼物的人则会马上打开礼物，并说一些赞赏的话，而赠送礼物的人衷心地说一声“Thank you very much.”也是必不可少的。 3．在欧美国家，当你乘坐出租车或在饭店、旅店消费，进行理发或美容时，除车费、饭钱、住宿费等应付的账单外，常常还需支付一定的小费。小费的比例一般为账单的10％-15％。人们通常给出租车司机、理发师、美容师、旅馆行李员小费。但在饮食店和旅馆，如果小费已经算在账单里了，通常就不必再给小费了。给小费是尊重对方劳动的礼貌行为。 4．当你接到美国人请你到家做客的邀请时，你或许会感到困惑，不知道在美国人家里怎么做。其实很简单，大部分美国人都希望你在做客时表现得自然，你没必要过于拘谨。一般来说，美国人对于朋友的到访都带有随意的态度。他们希望你能感到轻松、舒适，就像你在自己家里一样。当然，在别人家里有些事你是不能做的，比如说，不经允许就开冰箱拿可乐喝或乱翻动桌子上的资料等是不礼貌的。英美国家，介绍互不相识的双方认识有习惯的顺序：先把家人介绍给主人，把男子介绍给女子，把年幼者介绍给年长者，把位卑者介绍给位尊者。 5．当你收到你不想接受的邀请时，你该如何拒绝呢?在英语中，有许多表示拒绝的用语。他们有的口气强硬，有的较委婉。对别人的邀请委婉地拒绝会更有礼貌，也让人容易接受。比如：“I'm sorry．but I'm busy on Saturday．(对不起，我星期六很忙。)”而不能说：“No. I don't want to go．(不，我不想去。)”又比如，你可以说：“I’d like t0 play tennis，but I have something else to do．(我喜欢打网球，可是我还有别的事要做。)”而避免说：“No，I don't want to play tennis with you．(我不想和你去打网球。)” 6．“这些东西多少钱(How much is it)?”在各国都是一个普通但重要的问题。在使用时各国却存在一个文化的差异。在亚洲的大部分国家，在小商店里向店主询问商品价格并讨价还价(bargain)是很自然的事。但在美国和其他西方国家，即使是小店，每样商品的包装上都有价格标签(price tag)。你不需询问价格，只用按照标签上的价格付钱即可，人们极少讨价还价。但是除了商品本身的价格外，人们通常还需另付商品价格5％～8．5％的消费税。
英美文化考试范围（加强版） 题型 一、选择题55分二、填空题15分三、简答题 20分（4问）四、问答题 10分（2选1）具体范围 一、选择题第1、3、5、10章课后选择题 补充：Unit 1 1. The ancestors of the Welsh are ___A__. A. the Celts B. the Romans C. the Angles D. the Normans 2. Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?A A. the Viking Danes B. the Angles C. the Saxons D. the Jutes 3. The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a _A__ warrior. A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman 4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) ___B___-speaking aristocracy. A. English B. French C. German D. Gaelic Unit 2 1. One of the following took place during the Elizabethan age:B A. the making of the Magna Carta B. the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy C. the rule of Alfred the Great D. the defeat of King Harold by France 2. In England, the monarch, D , declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England. A. Bloody Mary C. King Henry V B. Queen Elizabeth I. D. King Henry VIII 3. Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception? A A. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament. B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith. C. This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed. D. This was the age of adventure on the sea. 4. Victorianism was characterized by the following except D A. It was in an age of imperialism B. It saw the great progress in sciences with Charles Darwin as a prominent figure. C. It was the age when the great progress was made in the field of communications. D. It was an age when the Battle of Hastings was won by the Duke of Wellington. Unit5 21. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? B A. Pennsylvania B. Massachusetts C. Delaware D. Georgia 22. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____C_____.
英美文化概况简答论述 简答： 1.The Functions of Parliament ① First and foremost, it passes laws. ②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation. ③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. ④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 2.George Washington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. 3.The Open University The Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK. 4.The strategy of Preemption In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002. By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine. 5. Comprehensive schools Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. 6. The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.
英国： 1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones. 3、（UK）capital:London 4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest. 5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France. 7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland. 8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,
英美国情选择题美国部分 Unit3 America Beginning 1.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? A.The American has the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. B.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians. C.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with black, D.The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only, 子孙，后裔 2.Which of the following was not one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? A.The growth of capitalism资本主义 B.The Renaissance 文艺复兴 C.The Religious Reformation 宗教改革 D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. 3.The following were the main Reformation leaders except__ A.Martin Luther马丁路德 B.Martin Luther King C.John Calvin约翰·加尔文
Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.
《英美文化概况》(13) 中国石油大学（北京）2013--2014学年第一学期 《英美文化概况》期末考试试卷A（闭卷考试） 班级：________ 姓名： _______ 学号： ______ Part I Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. （20 分） 1._________ The best-k nown En glish lege nd, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo- Saxons ' time. 2._________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era. 3._________ After World War II, the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the world. 4._________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci.
5._________ Britain is situated in Western Europe. 6._________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19 th century. 7._________ The Iongest river in North America is the Missouri River. 8._________ Com mon laws are laws which have bee n established through common practice in the courts. 9.________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791. 10.________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states. 11._______ The United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party. 12.________ Tolerance and respect for others are central to the way of life in the U.K. 13.________ The Protestant Church and the Catholic Church are two major groups in Christianity. 14.________ The second largest religious group in the U.K. is Buddhism. 15. _______ The University of Oxford is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world. 16. _______ Easter Day is to celebrate Christ 's resurrection from the dead.
●Introduction to the United Kingdom 1、全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2、组成England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland 3、The Union Flag：The Union Jack，is a combination (union) of the flags of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick. 4、Bordered by four seas： to the south by the English Channel to the east by the North Sea to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean 5、The Prime Meridian本初子午线、Greenwich 6、England---London、Scotland---Edinburgh、Wales---Cardiff、Northern Ireland---Belfast ●Education 1、The purpose of education： to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society to socialize children 2、divided into six terms: 9-10、10-12、1-2、2- 3、4-5、6-7 3、The main school holidays are: ＊Christmas- 2 weeks ＊Easter - 2 weeks ＊Summer - 6 weeks There are also one-week holidays: ＊end of October ＊mid February ＊end of May 4、state schools: private schools:public schools=independent schools 5、age 16: GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书 ①quit school and find a job ②prepare to sit exams for university entrance :A-levels (General Certificate of Education-Advanced)高级水平测试结业证书 ③concentrate on vocational training:GNVQs (General National V ocational Qualifications)国家专业资格证书 6、O-level(Ordinary-level) 7、Oxford and Cambridge--Oxbridge (the oldest) 8、In Scotland:St. Andrew (1411) Glasgow (1450) Aberdeen (1494) Edinburgh (1538) 9、Bachelor(学士) 10、departments:chief (professor),Professors, Readers/Senior Lecturers, Lecturers ●British Media 1、TV、radio、Newspaper 2、Quality paper、Tabloids 3、The Observer 《观察家报》the world's oldest national newspaper 4、The Times 《泰晤士报》the UK's oldest daily newspaper 5、The Guardian《卫报》 a national daily newspaper which is radical 激进的in politics and interested in society and social problems. quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great
英美文化复习 Unit 1 1. National flower---rose Flag—the Union flag or the Union Jack Anthem---God Save the Queen 2. Component parts of the country---Northern Ireland 、Scotland、 England、Wales Unit 2 1. National flower ：rose Bird ：The Bald Eagle Flag ：The Stars and Stripes anthem ：The Stars and Stripes Forever Great seal: 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张)外围为两个同心圆，
内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开，其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭，尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着―合众为一‖ Uncle Sam ：―山姆大叔‖是美国的绰号，被用来代指―美国‖或―美国政府‖，主要在美国、英国，尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。I need you用于征兵 2. Ethnic group: White: 65% Latin American descent:16.5% Black: 12.9% Asian: 4.6% Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1.2%. 3. History: Westward movement: 1789-1859 Independence War: 1775-1789 Civil War: 1860-1865 Great Depression: 1929-1933 Civil rights movement: 1955–1968 4. 补充 Civil War Time: From April,1861 to April, 1865 Two sides of the war: The Northern States & the Southern
第一章社会风俗习惯 如何使用头衔，举止随意的原因，隐私的概念，感谢与道歉，被邀请时做什么，女士优先，闲谈，英国的“三三”习俗 ◆What titles do you use to show your respect for people? “Sir” and “madam” show respect for position and seniority. ◆What suggestion does the author give to the Chinese who are in need of help in the United States? If you go to the United States and are in need of help, do not hesitate to ask for it. ◆How do Americans get familiar with one another? They ask some questions about personal subjects (such as his family, job, or home) to learn what they may have in common with you or just in order to begin a conversation. ◆What will happen if a person ethers a private house without permission in the United States? He is likely to be accused of trespassing or even burglary. ◆What do you avoid asking when you meet a lady? Her age. ◆What do the Westerners think of the Chinese students’ excessive expression of gratitude and what is overdoing apology actually considered in the Western world? Empty thanks and insincerity, an awkward behavior. ◆What will an American teacher get annoyed when a Chinese student makes excessive expressions of gratitude? Because excessive expressions of gratitude gives American teacher the sense of empty thanks and insincerity, and makes him feel uncomfortable. ◆What is considered an awkward behavior in the American society? Overdoing apology actually is an awkward behavior in the American society. ◆What is the proper time that you should get to the place where you are invited? We should get to the place at the fixed time, or ten minutes after that. ◆What do you have to do if you are likely to be 15 minutes late? We should make a telephone call to your hostess, and have a proper reason for being late. ◆What is a proper gift that you should take to the hostess? Some flowers at the party. And if you are going to stay overnight or over the weekend, a book, a box of candy, a bottle of wine, or some other similar gift are proper. ◆What are men expected to do when a woman guest comes into the sitting room? Men in the room are expected to stand up when she comes in. ◆Where should the guest sit if the host or hostess or both of them come in a car to fetch him/her for dinner? The guest should squeeze into and sit at the front seat and leave the rear seat vacant, as the host or hostess is also the driver. ◆What are the general rules that you have to follow when people speak to you? People in the States expect those whom they speak to put aside whatever they are doing and listen, and the conversation distance between two people is at least two or three feet. ◆Why don’t the British try to bargain when they do shopping? Because sometimes they consider it losing face. And they just buy what they want at what they think a reasonable price, and take such a practice for granted. ◆What do the three “ings” refer to? Three “ings ” refer to betting, drinking and tipping, the ending for each of which is “ing”.