被动语态
一：语态的基本概念和种类
1. 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。
She typed a letter. (主动，主语She是type动作的执行者)
A letter was typed by her.（被动，主语A letter是typed动作的承受者）
2. 被动语态的概述
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。
不同时态的被动形式：
二：被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
技巧：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三：使用被动语态的情况
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
技巧：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到
四：主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
一）方法
将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
技巧：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
二）注意事项
1) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen
to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。
I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’ office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
2) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。
如：
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen w as given to me last year.
这支笔是去年给我的。
3) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。
She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
4) 动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
5）动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
注意：
（1）get+及物动词的过去分词
①get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound 等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生”等意义。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.大城市的女钟点工按小时付酬。He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。
②get-型被动语态一般不可接by短语引出动作执行者，如要表示动作的执行者，则需用“be+及物动词的过去词”的形式。
误：The boy got hurt by a car on his way to school.
正：The boy was hurt by a car on his way to school.
③get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。
The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。
The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)
Some farmers were seen working in the fields.（正）只见一些农民正在田地里干活。
Some farmers got seen working in the fields.( 误)
④get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩
He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）
How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上”之意）
⑤get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。
She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）
She was tired. (只表示“她累了”)
(2)seem, appear+动词的-ed形式以及stand, rest, grow, become等+动词的-ed形式也可表示被动语态。
He seemed annoyed by his words. 她似乎被他的话激怒了。
Their curiosity grew aroused. 他们的好奇心被激起。
巩固练习：把下列主动语态改为被动语态
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.
2． They will show a new film next week.
3． When did they build the house?
4． I saw the boy enter the room.
5． Will they show a new film next week?
6． Have they posted the letter yet?
7． We often see him help his classmate.
8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9． Who is repairing the bike?
10．The student should learn all the texts by heart.
五：不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词及部分动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
The price has risen.
The accident happened last week.
The price has been raised.
Please be seated.
2) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .
It sounds good.
3) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life .
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
4) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
六：主动形式表被动的常见结构
(一).表示被动含义的主动形式
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到) (如look, smell, prove等)等,
Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证实是错的。
2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用
主动形式表示被动意义：
The door won't shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
It can't move.它不能动。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can't, won't 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：
The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)
The window won't be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关)
有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：
Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者)
The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者)
3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry，burn, cook, sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn't cut easily. It's too soft.这乳酪不容易切，太软了。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
These clothes wash well.这些衣服很耐洗
【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly, perfectly(十分地)等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：
The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)
The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)
4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,
This material has worn thin.这料子已磨薄了。
5) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义：
When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？
The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束
6) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义：
Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映?
My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。
Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。
(二)．表示被动含义的主动结构
1．动名词
Deserve, be worth(值得), want, need, require(等少数表示需要的动词)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。
The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了
“be worthy of +名词”结构:在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:
a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人
nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情
此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式。
巩固练习:选择题
1. There are many good films played by Cheng Long that are worth____________.
A. to be seen
B. being seen
C. seeing
D. to see
2. The food____________ easily and sells____________.
A. cooks ; well
B. is cooking; good
C. is cooked; well
D. cooked; good
3. The windows of the building won’t____________.
A. be closed
B. close
C. be closing
D. closed
4. —Do you like the material?
—Yes, it ____________very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
5. There is a new problem road conditions need____________.
A. to be improved
B. to be improved
C. improving
D. improving
6．My money____________. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I've none in hand.
A. has been run out
B. is running out
C. has run out
D. is being run out
CBBCAB
2．不定式
一）作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
（1）“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”:
There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要干。
（2）“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中:
Give him some books to read.给他点书看
（3）“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。
这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如:
There is so much work to do/to be done.有这么多事情要做。
Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted. 把那些要联系的人的名字给我。
但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)：
There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)
There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)
There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)
There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)
(4) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：
I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
二）在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这时，应该用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap(便宜的), dangerous(危险的), difficult(困难的), easy(容易的), important(重要的), nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:
That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。
Chickens legs are nice to eat.鸡腿很好吃。
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。
Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?
三）特殊结构：介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形
1) “beyond+名词”：
The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。
The children were beyond control. 这些孩子不听管教。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问)，beyond expression_r(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。
2) “in+名词”短语：
When was paper money in use in China? 中国什么时候开始使用纸币？
Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。
3) “in course of+名词”短语：
The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。
The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
【注】有些类似的短语有the表被动，无the表主动：
in charge of 负责in the charge of 由…负责
in possession of 拥有in the possession of 被…拥有
4) “on+名词”短语：
The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。
Every article on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有on trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。
5）“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。例如:
The building is under construction.
这座楼正在建设中。
The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).
整个事情正在讨论中。
Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。
经常这样用的名词还有repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。
【注】这类短语的名词前不用冠词，类似的还有under arrest(被逮捕)，under attack(受到袭击)，under discussion(在讨论中)，under examination(在检查或调查中)，under medical treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修缮中)，under review(在检查中)，under study(在研究中)。
6)其他介词短语。除以上提到的几种情况外，还有一些介词短语也可表示被动意义，如for sale(供出售)，for rent(供出租)，at one’s service(听凭某人使用)，above reproach(无可指责，无可非议)，above suspicion(不受怀疑)，above criticism(无可指责)，within sight(看得见)等。
巩固练习
1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sat
D. be sat on
2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. to be eat
D. for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.
A. write
B. to write
C. to be written
D. written
4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.
A. to type
B. typing
C. to be typed
D. Typed
5. The car is rather difficult __________.
A. to repair
B. to be repaired
C. repairing
D. being repaired
6. He was nowhere __________.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
7. She had no money __________ a birthday present for their children.
A. to buy
B. to be bought
C. bought
D. buying
8. We waited for the work __________.
A. done
B. being done
C. to do
D. to be done
BBBCABCD
综合练习
一：选择题
1.Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
2.No permission has ___ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given
B. given
C. to give
D. be giving
3. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave
B. was given
C. was giving
D. had given
4. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been
B. had been
C. has
D. had
5. ---Have you moved into the new house?--- Not yet, the rooms ___.
A. are being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painted
6. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide
D. hasn’t
decided
7.The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored
B.has been restored
C.is restoring
D.is being restored
8.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they
before leaving their hometowns.
A. promise
B.were promised
C.have promised
D.have been promised
9.You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.
A. will expect
B.will be expected
C.expected
D.were expected
10.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A.should be listened to
B. should be listen
C. be listened
D. is listened
11. Tom was said to ___ Mary for 40 years.
A. have been married to
B. have married with
C. has been married
D. had married with
12. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says
B. is saying
C. has said
D. is said
13.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump
B. jumps
C. jumped
D. to jump
14. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care
B. be taken care of
C. take care
D. take care of
15. Great chan ges _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded
B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded
D. took place; founded
16.The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A.isn’t belong to
B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to
D. didn’t belong to
17. The surface of the table ___ smooth enough.
A. hasn’t felt
B. doesn’t feel
C. isn’t feeling
D. isn’t felt
18.In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant .
A.to deal with
B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with
D.dealt with
19.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune .
A.is made
B.would make
C.was to be made
D.had made
20.When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ___.
A. had seated
B. were seated
C. seated
D. were seating
21. Don’t get that ink on your shirt, for it ___.
A. won’t wash out
B. won’t be washing
C. isn’t washing out
D. doesn’t wash out
22.This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. was being killed
B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing
23.As we joined the big crowd I got ___ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
24.These kinds of shoes ___ well.
A. were not sold
B. won’t be sold
C. are not sold
D. don’t sell
25.Tom ___ to work in the office though he didn’t like serving there.
A. wanted
B. was wanted
C. was wanting
D. had wanted
26.He said he wouldn’t mind ___ at home.
A. leaving alone
B. being left alone
C. to be left lonely
D. to leave alone
27.I remember ___ for the job, but I forget the exact amount.
A. to be paid
B. being paid
C. to pay
D. paying
28.In front of the hall color flags were ___.
A. hunged
B. hanged
C. hang
D. hanging
29.What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding
B. had held
C. was to hold
D. was to be held
30. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
A. permits
B. is permitting
C. is permitted
D. has permitted
31.---.“How about the dishes, Dear？”
---“The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked
B. had been cooked
C. was cooked
D. had cooked
32.—What happened to the priceless works of art? —_______.
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
33.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A.is changing
B. has changed
C.will have changed
D. will change
34. The police found that the house ___ and a lot of things ___.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
DABBA ADBDA ADDBA CBACB DCADB BBDDA BAAD
二．翻译题
1、对于这个问题，关注很少。
2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。
3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。
4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。
5.你会得到老师的帮助。
6.恐怕你要挨批评了。
7.电影放映之前，票已经全部售出。
8.在生产中可以很好地利用原子能（production energy)。
9.大家知道，物质是在不断运动和变化的。
10.有人看见他和李红在一起。
1.This problem was not paid great attention to.
2.Group discussion should be encouraged at class
3.It is reported that a new road would be built here.
4.Measures should be taken to protect the river from being polluted
5.you will be helped by the teacher
6.I am afraid that you'll be criticized
7.before the show of the movie, the tickets had been sold out
8.the production energy can be well-used in the production
9.it's known to us all that substance is moving and changing continuously
10.he was seen with Li Hong by others
英语动词被动语态专项及解析 一、动词被动语态 1．The Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge in 2018. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：港珠澳大桥竣工于2018年。我们为此感到骄傲。complete，完成，竣工；动词；与the Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge 有动宾关系，且后者作主语，谓语动词要用被动语态be+动词的过去分词；由2018提示可知要用一般过去时，故选C。【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。 2．The students of Class One_________ how to do the experiment in class yesterday． A. taught B. was taught C. were taught 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意是：在昨天的课堂上学生们被教了怎样做实验。根据句意可知用被动语态，主语students 是名词复数形式，be 动词用 were，故选C。 【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的用法。 3．He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it _______ to him before Father's Day. A. send B. will be sent C. was sent D. sent 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：他在网上为父亲订了一块表。将在父亲节前寄给他。It指代的是“表”，作主语，与谓语动词send是逻辑上的动宾关系，it是其承受者，用被动语态；从时态上看，表将在父亲节前寄给他，用一般将来时态，故选B。 4．----Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. ----Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now. A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. doesn't allow 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:----不要在这儿吸烟，爸爸。在公共场所不允许吸烟。----哦，对不起，我马上停止。“不允许吸烟”，吸烟smoking在句中作主语，用被动语态。动名词短语smoking作主语，谓语用三人称单数.故选A 5．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.doczj.com/doc/be10203859.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
一、选择题 1．—I’m afraid I can’t finish the job in such a short time. —Don’t worry. Can you do it if you_______ two more hours.? A．give B．are given C．will give D．will be given 2．It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A．used for B．will be used up C．used up D．will be used for 3．—Please look at the sign on the right! —Oh, smoking ________ here. A．isn’t allowed B．doesn’t allow C．didn’t allow D．wasn’t allowed 4．Han Han’s books are popul ar. They ___________ by many teenagers now . A．is read B．was read C．are read D．were read 5．When Tim ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．was asked B．asked C．was asking D．is asked 6．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 7．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 8．The mobile phone has influen ced people’s life a lot since it _________. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 9．This book_______by a lot of young people today. A．reads B．are reading C．is read 10．—The park is the oldest one in our city. —Yes. it _______ when I was sixteen years old. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 11．Young trees ________ every year to keep the sand away from the city and make the environment better and better. A．were planted B．have planted C．will plant D．are planted 12．May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．has invited 13．My brother _____ to read by my mother when he was very young. A．teaches B．is taught C．was teaching D．was taught 14．We hope that more trees________in our city next year. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．will be planted
被动语态专项练习（二） Ⅰ单项选择 1. Good books ____ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children ____ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen 4. When____ the accident _____ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question ____ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab ____ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown. A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown 10. He ____ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture______ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war______ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking
动词的主动语态和被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求： 中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。 如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）The blackboard is often cleaned by us.（黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。 1.被动语态的结构 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 如：Youare wantedon the phone.有你的电话。 Chinawas liberatedin 1949. 1949年中国解放。 The problemwill be discussedtomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 Not a book in the libraryhas been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 My bikeis being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The bookhad been borrowedwhen I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转换 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接、直接宾语+其他
被动语态专项练习及答案详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Are you going to attend the meeting ________ next Saturday? A．holding B．hold C．to hold D．to be held 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗?根据next Saturday可知，事情还未发生，the meeting和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以用动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，且表示将来。故选D。 2．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。 3．—The window is dirty. —I know. It ________ for weeks. A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤：1. 确定时态：这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的影响就是窗户很脏，现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在。2. 确定语态：主语it与谓语clean为被动关系。句意：—窗户很脏。—我知道，这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选D。 4．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ . A．are being painted B．are painting C．were being painted D．were painting 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态。句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故选C。
专项复习:被动语态 （Revision of the Passive Voice） 【复习目标】1.熟悉常用时态的被动语态； 2.在题目中正确理解和运用被动语态 【复习重点】常用时态的被动语态 【复习难点】各个考点 【复习步骤】 一．基本概念复习 1.总结概念：谓语动词的执行者作主语，用语态；若谓语动词的承受者作主语，用语态。 2.总结结构：be+ done (be动词可以随时态、人称数的变化而变化) 二．考点复习 考点一：含有可以带双宾语的动词的被动语态结构 1.在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to: bring , give , lend , offer , pass , show , take , tell , send , teach等 2.在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for buy , make , get , choose , cook , sing等
考点二：在感官动词see , watch , hear , notice , feel 及使役动词have , let , make等词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to , 但变被动语态后要还原上to 。 考点三：含有动词短语的被动语态，切记不要将短语中的介词或副词忘掉或省略。 考点四：有些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.某些用来描述主语特征的不及物动词，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，这时主语通常是物。eg: sell , wash , read , write , 等 ?The books well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold ?This coat _____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed 2.表示状态特征的连系动词+ adj. / n.用主动形式表被动意义。eg: look , sound , feel , smell , taste 等 ①The steel(钢铁) _____ cold． A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt ②His plan _____ good． A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds 3.表示“发生，进行”的不及物动词用主动形式表被动意义。eg: happen , take place , come out , come true等 考点五：含有被动意义的“have / get + 宾语+ done” 考点六：表示客观的说明常用“It’s + done+…..” 据说….. 据报道……. 众所周知……. 据推测说….. 大家都相信…… 考点七：某些动词可以用-ing 形式表被动意义 三．练习题 (一)选择题(A)
高一专题系列一被动语态 ●学而时习 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 ●知识点精讲透析 ●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： (1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 (2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。 (3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： (1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 (2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. (3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。 I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。 (4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。 (5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如： Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. The children are often asked to do too much homework. Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
初中英语被动语态的讲解 定义：英语中有两重语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。 规则：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。第一，助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化，第二，助动词be 要随着时态的变化而变化。 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 3）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 4）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here． 5）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 6）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 7）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 8）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July. 2．被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词，否定句主语+be not+过去分词，一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词，特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。 3.被动语态的特殊形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 双宾语结构。主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍
主动语态与被动语态 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: 1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked 2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked 4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked 5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked 6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 四. 用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 五. 方法： Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六. 注意以下问题： A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主 语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg. 1. Mary gave him some books. He was given some b ooks by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary. 2. Her father bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father. A new bike was bought for her by her father. B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动 语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。 eg. 1. We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us). 2. They made me happy. I was made happy( by them). 3. He asked me to come here.
初中英语被动语态专项讲解 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)eg:Many people speak Chinese.谓语:speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。eg:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。) 各种时态的被动语态构成: 1.一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时:was/were+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.
3.一般将来时:will/shall be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时:am/is/are being+及物动词的过去分词. Eg: A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时:was/were being+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时:have/has been+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时:had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg:A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．