10READING SELECTION A
American Values at the Crossroads
注黄字体为课后生词
[1]Faced with the rapid change and the fear and uncertainty that go with it, individuals(citizens) as well as(and)nation sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solution. In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to(attraction)many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future. It has been observed that until the 1970s Americans generally believed that the present was a better time for their country than the past and that the future would better than the present; by 1978, however,public opinion polls showed that many Americans had come to believe that just the opposite was true: the past had been better for the country than the present, and the present was better than the future would be.
[2] The popular(present)appeal(desire)of returning to the ways(styles)of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated(shown)when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of(commented)him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."
[3] One of President Reagan's basic beliefs is that the United States should return as much as possible to its pre-1930 ways. In those times business institutions(organization)were strong and government institutions were weak. Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government. Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government. By moving in this way toward the practices of the past, President Reagan believed that the standard of living of Americans would begin to improve once more(again)in the 1980s as it had done throughout most of the nation's history.
[4] A number of leaders in politics, education, and the professions take a different approach (method)than does President Reagan. They believe that the nation must adopt(use/ make use of)new values to go along with(together with)the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when(it is)necessary.
[5] What new values should be adopted? This is a very difficult question to answer. However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious. These facts suggested(show)to many Americans that a greater value(should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.
[6]Conservation has never been a strong American value. Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited). In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources. After World War II Americans believed that their modern technology could work(create)wonders and provide a never-ending increase in their standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.
[7] There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation. For example, a poll(survey)taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage(urge)me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."
[8] Some people, however, believe that poll results like these reveal only part of the truth.
Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day(daily)actions (life).
[9] Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak(when it is)compared with other American beliefs. It can become stronger only as(when)Americans see the need for it more and more clearly. Conservation may well be (become)a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.
[10] A second belief which has never been strong among the American people is the belief that the value of cooperation on a national scale to achieve some important national(goal)objectives. The American idea of the national good(n./ benefit/ interest)has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual. Americans, therefore, tend to think of the national good in terms of maintaining(keeping)those conditions that provide the greatest freedom for the individual. They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed. More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.
[11] The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Even though competitive activity is supposed to(=should)be conducted(directed/ done) according to fair rules (fair play), it does not encourage a spirit of cooperation. Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion(suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others. A certain degree of trust in the motives of others is necessary for the success of efforts in national cooperation.
[12] In time of war Americans have temporarily put aside their dislike of planned national cooperation. They have been willing to cooperate and make personal sacrifices under the direction (=leadership)of the national government to bring the war to satisfactory conclusion (=end). In peacetime, however, planned national cooperation is strongly resisted as a threat to individual freedom.
[13] The almost (nearly) unique American historical experience gives us a deeper understanding of this attitude. Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats. Such rulers are not elected by the free votes of the people and they have the power to say what the national good is and to force their people to cooperate if they cannot persuade them to do so. Out of(among)these experiences there have developed traditions and habits of cooperation, sometimes for good purposes and sometimes for evil (bad/ wrong)purposes.
[14] Americans have never had the experience of being forced to cooperate on a national scale by nonelected rulers. For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day. Still(Furthermore)the American colonists were not long(soon)in demanding (requiring) more freedom and self-government, and finally declaring their independence in 1776. From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign(strange)to their experience. They are fearful(=fear)that any scheme (plan) of national cooperation in peacetime will weaken or destroy their freedoms.
[15] Americans have always viewed(considered/ regarded)cooperation as important in small groups such as the family, the neighborhood, or the church. But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen(considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.American tend to associate the greatness of their nation far more with such values as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and competition than with national cooperation.
[16] Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)
a greater value on national cooperation. It may well be that some of the problems facing them, such as scarcity of resources and the dangers of air and water pollution, cannot be solved without a greater degree of national cooperation.
[17] If Americans choose (=decide) to give more emphasis to national cooperation, they will probably be very cautious about it. In order to protect their freedoms, they will move slowly in a step-by-step, problem-by-problem fashion (way), rather than accept a sweeping new plan involving dramatic change. Because of their tradition of self-government, they will probably insist on(persist in doing sth.)a good deal of public discussion before any step toward national cooperation is taken.
[18] Some observers believe that this slow, cautious approach may be too weak and too timid to meet the challenges of the future. Americans, however, believe that sudden revolutionary changes made in the name of(in the honor)the national good usually result in(lead to)dictatorships in which freedom is lost and problems remain unsolved.
[19] In the 1980s Americans may have arrived at a critical point in their nation's history, where major dangers must be faced and major choices must be made.On the one hand, they will wish to avoid the risk of making too many changes in the basic values which have inspired(encouraged)them in the past. On the other hand, they must avoid what may be the greater risk of refusing to change their values at all even though conditions are changing rapidly all around them. The events of the past two decades have brought the American people and their basic values to a crossroads in their history. The last two decades of the twentieth century will determine where they will go from there. (1, 530 words) II. Vocabulary
A. Complete each the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the words given.
注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句
1. He hoped to strengthen (strength) the position of the sciences in the leading universities.
（1）Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government.
（1）Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government.
2. We took an abundant(abundance) supply of food with us when we went hiking in the mountains.
（2）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious.
Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited).
3.Conservation (conserve) is the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effect of human activity.
（3）These facts suggested (show) to many Americans that a greater value (should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.
Conservation has never been a strong American value.
In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources.
There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s
caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.
Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day (daily) actions (life).
Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak (when it is) compared with other American beliefs.
It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance (when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.
Conservation may well be (become) a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.
4. And if you're emotionally connected to it, you also get intellectually (intellect) connected to it; you want to learn more about it.
（4）Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of (commented) him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."
5. Relief (rescue/ relieve)workers are concerned over(=worried about)the shortage (short) of food and shelter in the refugee camps. (shelter sb. from sth./ seek refuge)
（5）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential (basic/most important) resources such as water were becoming more serious.
There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.
For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."
6. It is proposed(=suggested)at this conference that the law should impose penalties on companies that use energy wastefully (waste). [suggest sb. (doing) sth./ that sb do sth.]= [sb. (should) do sth.]
（6）For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."
7. It is hard(difficult)to believe that in this prosperous (prosper) country, hunger could be a serious problem.
（7）They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed.
8. We must be careful not to do anything that might endanger (danger) the economic recovery.
（8）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.
9. This disease is hereditary (heredity), so chances are(possibly/ likely)that her daughter may suffer from it too.
（9）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.
10. The president relied on(=depend on)the coercive (coerce) powers of the military and the police to enforce law and order.
（10）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.
B. Choose the best ward or expression from the list given for each blank. use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.
bound to compel dictator constructive suspicion
go along with appeal accumulation endanger mutual
注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句
1. The main appeal(attraction)these bonds hold for(is meaningful)individual investors is the safety and peace of mind they offer (give). (sth.appeals to sb.)
（1）In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to (attraction) many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future.
The popular (present)appeal (desire) of returning to the ways (styles) of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated (shown) when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.
2. He argues that Americans have been too compliant (=obedient), too willing(ready)to go along with politicians who would reduce their liberties (=freedom), not expand them. (statute of liberty)
（2）They believe that the nation must adopt (use/ make use of) new values to go along with (together with) the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when (it is) necessary.
3. Despite(=in spite of)these improvements the scientists say that the Baltic Sea continues to be "imperiled(endangered)by the long-term accumulation of toxic (poisonous) chemicals".
（3）It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s, conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.
4. Toxic(poisonous)waste could endanger lives and poison fish.
（4）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.
5. The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.
（5）Rather (instead/ On the contrary),it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect) of the motives (purpose/ desire) of the others.
6. The authorities will be legally bound(bind)to arrest any suspects.
（6）For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day.
7. In the United States cyclists are compelled to wear a helmet for the sake of safety. circle->cycle-bicycle
（7）From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign (strange)to their experience.
Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)a greater value on national cooperation.
8. Following the fall of the military dictator in March, the country has had a civilian (<->military)government.
（8）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.
9. After their meeting, both men described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive
(<->destructive; positive<->negative).
（9）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded) as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.
10. He was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving. (suspect)
（10）Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others.
课文参考译文
第＋课A处在＋字路口的美国价值观
爱德华· N·卡尼
[l]面对急剧的社会变化以及与之俱来的恐惧和不稳定感，无论个人还是国家时而都会想起以往的模式，以求应对。20世纪80年代初，回归以往模式的想法对许多美国人具有强烈的吸引力，他们越来越认为他们的过去比未来更美好。据调查，直到20世纪70年代，美国人都普遍认为他们国家现在比过去好，未来将比现在好；然而，到1978年，民意调查显示，很多美国人的想法发生了逆转，他们认为过去比现在好，司必现在比未来好。
[2]民众普遍希望昔日美好生活能够重现，以寻求解决20世纪80年代遇到的种种问题。1980年，罗纳德·里根当选为美国总统，正是这一民意的体现。《时代》周刊推选里根总统为“年度人物”，并这样评价他：“无论从理智还是从情感角度考虑，里根都仍然生活在过去。”
[3]里根总统的基本信念之一是美国应尽可能地回归到20世纪30年代前的模式。那时商业机构强而政府机构弱。里根认为美国个人自由的价值和竞争的价值因商业而增强，因政府而减弱。因此，他任职期间的计划就是要大力加强商业，同时减小政府规模，削弱政府权力。里根总统相信，通过这种趋近过去的努力，美国人民的生活水平能像美国历史上大多数时期一样，在80年代再次得以改善。
[4]但是，有部分政界、教育界及其他领域的领袖人物与里根总统持不同态度。他们认为国
家应该采取新旧价值观并存的观点，同时还应准备着必要时改革旧的价值观。
[5]应该采取什么样的新价值观呢？这是一个很难回答的问题。但是，到20世纪70年代，形势变得很明朗，即不再有丰富的廉价资源，而诸如水这类其他基础能源的短缺现象越来越严重。这些事实都在警示美国人，必须重视保护自然资源，即美国人应该学会少用、少浪费来节约资源。
[6]美国人向来都不重视资源保护。因为地大物博，美国人一开始就相信他们的资源取之不尽，用之不竭。在这种环境下，保护资源就显得没有必要。第二次世界大战后，美国人认为现代技术能创造奇迹，能永无止境地提高生活水平。因此，20世纪80年代前的美国，与个人自由、机会平等、勤奋努力、积累财富等价值观相比，资源保护就显得不那么重要。
[7]有证据显示，20世纪70年代美国人所经历的更严重的能源短缺迫使美国人重视资源保护。例如，70年代末的一项民意调查显示，有66％的美国人赞同这一说法：“我并不会因为可能的能源短缺而不高兴，因为我知道这将促使我提高每一件物品的使用效率，并减少浪费。”
[8]但是，有一些人却认为类似的民意调查只能说明部分事实，而不是全部。虽然美国人可能会赞同支持保护能源的价值观，但却不会付诸于日常的行动中。
[9]因此，与美国人的其他观念相比，保护资源的观念依然淡薄。只有当美国人越来越清楚地意识到其必要性，才能增强保护观念。新的保护观念需融入旧的基本价值观中，才能帮助美国解决未来的问题。
[10]美国人意识淡薄的第二个观念是举国合作以实现国家的重大目的。美国人对国家利益的观点从来都不是建立在举国合作之上，而是建立在个人自由的信念之上的。因此，美国人习‘喷于认为能提供最大个人自由的条件就是对国家有益的。他们相信一个个人自由的国度自然而然是强大的、昌盛的。如此而言，有计划的举国合作是不需要的。更重要的是，有计划的举国合作将意味着提高国家政府的权力，而这将危及个人自由。
[11]美国人的竞争观念同样妨碍着举国合作精神的发展。即使竞争是在公平原则指导下进行的，竞争的观念也不会促进合作精神的发展。相反，它有时会促进对他人动机的猜疑。而举国合作的成功需要对他人的动机持信任态度。
[12]战争时期，美国人把对有计划的举国合作的厌恶之情暂置一旁，甘愿在国家统一指挥下互相协作，甚至甘愿牺牲个人利益以换取战争的最终胜利。然而，在和平时期，他们却坚决抵制有计划的举国合作，认为这是对个人自由的侵犯。
[13]独特的美国历史经历使我们能更深刻地理解这一态度。世界上几乎所有的国家都曾经，或仍然被国王、皇帝、独裁者或贵族阶层统治。这样的统治者不是民众自由投票选举产生的，而一旦大权在握，他们就有权说国家的利益是什么，假如不能说服民众，他们会强迫民众配合。这些经历逐渐形成了合作的传统和习惯，有时出于良好的愿望，有时却是为了邪恶的目的。
[14]美国人从来也没有过被非民选的统治者强迫进行举国合作的经历。曾有一度他们是大英帝国的殖民者，从法律上说他们须服从并非他们选举的英国统治者的统治，但以当时的标准而言，英国政府赋予了殖民者相当多的自由及相当大的自治权。即便这样，美国殖民者也没有花费多少时间要求更多的自由和自治，并在1776年宣布了独立。从独立开始，美国人就开始自由地选举他们的统治者。被迫与非民选的国家领导合作对他们而言是一件完全陌生的事。他们担心和平时期的举国合作会削弱甚至毁灭他们的自由。
[15]美国人一直认为小团体之间的合作是重要的，如家庭、社区、教区。但涉及政府的、大规模的举国合作，就是胁迫性的、破坏性的，而不是自愿的、建设性的。美国人往往会认为国家的强大更多地源于个人自由、机会均等、勤奋努力、竞争取胜等价值观念而不是源于举国合作。
[16]但是20世纪80年代的需求迫使美国人更重视举国合作的价值。这很有可能是因为他们所面临的一些问题没有举国合作是不能解决的，如资源短缺、空气污染和水污染等。
[17]假如美国人选择比以往更重视举国合作，他们很有可能会非常谨慎。为了保护个人自由，他们将会采取一步一步、一个问题一个问题解决的循序渐进的方式，而不会采取暴风骤雨似的一揽子解决方案。因长期自治的传统，他们很可能会坚持在向举国合作迈出任何一步前，都要进行充分的公众讨论。
[18]一些观察家认为，这种缓慢而谨慎的态度太过胆小乏力，无法迎接未来的挑战。但美国人则认为，以国家利益之名，骤然实行根本性的变革，通常会导致独裁统治，不仅问题依然无法得到解决，还会失去个人自由。
[19]20世纪80年代，美国人到了国家历史上的一个重要转折关头，他们不得不面对严重的危机，不得不做出重大的抉择。一方面，他们希望能避免过多地转变基本价值观，否则太冒险，因为这些基本价值观曾是激励他们前进的动力。另一方面，他们还必须避免即使周围的形势发生了剧变也丝毫不改变基本价值观的态度，那将是更大的冒险。过去20年所发生的一切把美国人和他们的基本价值观带到了历史上的一个司多十字路口。20世纪最后20年将决定他们从这个十字路口往何处前进。
第＋课B体育与美国价值观
爱德华· N·卡尼
[l]美国一所大学的一位留学生正在向老师讲述着他会告诉初来美国的本国学生的一些事。“我得告诉他们许多事，”他说。“我得向他们解释为什么女孩穿短裤，否则他们会很困惑，因为在我的国家，假如一个女孩穿着短裤上街的话，警察会把她抓起来的。”美国老师笑了。“当他们看到女孩穿着短裤在外面慢跑时，”她说，“我能想像得到他们惊讶的表情。”这位学生点头赞同。“慢跑在我老家也很普遍，但慢跑的人不会是女性。在美国，每个人都慢跑―男女老幼―每个人。无论白天或晚上，任何时候从我宿舍的窗口看出去，都能看到有人在慢跑。”
[2]大多数社会科学家认为，有组织的体育活动通常反映出这个社会的基本价值观及希望强化人们头脑中这种价值观的努力。因此，有组织的体育活动比自发的、无组织的个人行为更具有严肃的社会目的。这一点在美国尤其明显。美国的三大体育赛事：足球、篮球和棒球，都是有组织的体育活动。没有其他任何领域比体育更能体现民主。
[3]美国人把有组织的体育活动看作是激励人心的、实实在在的机会均等的楷模。在体育比赛中，不同种族、不同经济背景的人获得均等的参赛机会，一比高低。正因如此，社会学家哈里·爱德华兹这样写道，美国人把有组织的体育活动看成“一个大实验室，在这个实验室中，无论社会等级，年轻人都可学会竞争制度所带来的优势和回报”。
[4]竞争的观念己深深地扎根于美国人有组织的体育竞赛中。学会在体育竞赛中获胜被看作是养成今后在竞争生活中取胜的必要的习惯。而这种训练反过来又巩固了作为整体的美国这个国家。“人们普遍认为，”一位体育作家说，“体育竞赛中的道德准则必须在一个人年轻时学会并铭刻在心，这样美国人才可能在未来的商业和军事竞争中立于不败之地。”
[5]有组织的体育竞赛中的道德准则包括努力工作―通常被称为“忙碌”、持之以恒或“永不言弃”，还包括勇敢―通常被称为“吃苦耐劳”或有“勇气”。有时人们用标语口号来使年轻的参赛者充分认识到竞争的美德：“忙碌―不忙你就不能生存。”“轻言放弃者不会赢；赢
者决不轻言放弃。”“当普通人很容易，但要出类拔萃却需要勇气。”
[6]业余运动通常与大专院校有联系，培养年轻人基本的美国价值观，而职业体育，除了盈利和娱乐的目的之外，提供了一种榜样，激励年轻人参与有组织的体育活动。在服务于培养基本的美国价值观的过程中，有组织的体育竞赛己成为“国家宗教”的一部分，它一方面融合了爱国主义和民族骄傲，另一方面又集宗教观点和宗教象征为一体。
[7]1971年在玫瑰碗体育馆的比赛堪称是集体育、宗教和国家价值观于一体的典范。玫瑰碗比赛是几项享有盛誉的、全国顶尖大学足球队参赛的足球比赛之一，在每年元旦这一天举行。美国著名的新教领袖比利·格雷厄姆，被推举为1971年玫瑰碗游行的领袖人物。他赞赏美国社会中体育竞赛的道德价值观，他说：‘怪经曰，游手好闲、无所事事在道德上是危险的……体育使我们忙碌……无论是学校的学生还是体育专业人士，从事体育的基督教徒可能比在其他行业的都多。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15) Unit 1 B. 1. 她计划自己创业。 She plans to set up her own business 2. 态度也很重要。 Attitude also matters. 3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusts arrived. 4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道handle Some managers have no idea how to handle people. 5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record) We finished the work in record time. 6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. 7. 她常常一天工作12小时。（put in） She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day. 8. 他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire） He acquired the information from the newspapers. 9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺. ( Associate professor 副教授lecturer 讲师) There’s an opening for an assistant in our department. 10. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. The organization works to promote friendship between nations. Unit2 B. 1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely） She is very likely to ring me tonight. 2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond） Understanding this article is beyond my capacity. 3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform） A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（result in） Acting before thinking always results in failure. 5. 他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate） He estimated that the work would take three months. 6. 我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。 We believe that this agreement will positively promote the trade between our two countries. 7. 新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。 The new airport will certainly push ahead the tourism in this region. 8. 网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。 Net economy will have significant influence on the people’s life. 9. 在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。 At the yesterday’s meeting, he brought forward a new plan for the economic development.
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.
新世纪大学英语阅读教程（2）参考答案 Unit One PartⅠ Reading for Information Exercises Ⅰ Reading for Information A.Reading to find main ideas 1.A, 2. C, B. Reading to find major details 3. D, 4. B, C. Reading to find relevant facts 5. C, 6. A Ⅱ.Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写成的，这事他已经拖了好几个星期 了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2.我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学习音乐了。 3.他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4.没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比此时的谢卡夫更痛苦、更无助。 5.说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 Ⅲ. Summary https://www.doczj.com/doc/b616120995.html,plete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms. 1.sun, straight in the face, blinking, dazed 2.morning, night, tempering truth, shock 3.truth, trials, wife, colleague, headmaster 4.apple pie, culinary masterpiece, good, swallow 5.fine, mean, selfish 6.singing, stupefied 7.frogs, buffalo, window shutters 8.strength, give, receive PartⅡ Reading for Pleasure Exercises Ⅰ. Answer the following questions. (The answers are open.) 1.Hell is not so terrible as most people think because it can be transformed into Heaven through hard work, courage, faith and love. The real Hell is in one’s heart. 2.Heaven is a land of beauty and peace, and it is the result of our hard work. 3.All those hardworking people with courage and determination can rest in Heaven after they die, because although they cannot all reach Heaven in the first place, they can build Hell into Heaven. 4.Those who are afraid of Hell and do not have courage to fight difficulties and disasters will end up in Hell.
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本)1-2册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1. B 2. D 3. D 4 D 5. C 6. A II 1. fling 2. supercilious 3. zoom 4. trudge 5. hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1. B 2. D paragraph 2 1. D 2. A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Information Related to the Text Key to the Exercises I. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C II . 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career . 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers . He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers , relieved when no one came to the door , and scared when someone did , and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch . 3. The battle to make him different from his father . 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation . 5. Writers didn't have to have any gumption at all . 3. Love The Neighbor Key to the Exercises I . 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F II. 1.在我看来,美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽. 2.《圣经》里的戒律"热爱你的邻居"大概是一句拙劣的译文,它的本义必定是"尊敬你的邻居." 3.邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近,只有进一步发展关系,才有足够的理由成为最 好的朋友. 4.横跨在你们之间的车道,篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障,它们只不过是一条清晰 的分界线. 5.邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪,但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位. UNIT TWO 4.Making Friends in American Culture Key to the Exercises I. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D II. 1. Because there is a language barrier , many Chinese are hesitant to speak with strangers and they don't know what to talk to American about or how to keep the conversation moving . 2. His class and major . 3. These questions help people participate in the conversation . 4. When the other person first gives his name himself . 5. Communication . Key to the reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1 : 1. C 2. A
教案 课程名称新生代英语基础教程2 课时____________________ 班级____________________ 专业____________________ 教师____________________ 系部____________________ 教研室____________________ 教材《新生代英语基础教程2》
Family Show Time “Where are you from?”Reading Why is it called a honeymoon? Chat Time The rest is history. Writing Family tree Grammar The possessive ’s My Story Family main Have students look at the picture and ask them to tell you as much as they can about it. Then, go through the questions and complete each answer. In addition, you can ask a few warm-up questions suc h as “How many people are in your
Have the students listen and repeat the words. Use descriptive sentences to teach the family member words. For example, you can say “Your uncle is your mother or father’s brother.” “Your aunt is your mother or father’s sister.” “Your cousin is your uncle or aunt’s child,” and so on. A simple family drawn on the board can often help students to understand this. They may find it interesting to see your family tree, if you don’t mind sharing it with them. For the word frame, you can see that it is something we put around important pictures. You can then ask students if they have any framed photos in the class. You can also teach that we use the words married and single to descr ibe someone’s relationship status. Ask “Have you been to a wedding recently?” “Who got married?” For Tell the students they will hear a conversation between a radio host and a celebrity (Anna). Now listen to the conversation and have students complete the sentences.
Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元，“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁，学期当中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗，抛光等事，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作，因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天，我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分，不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间，我每天都忙到晚上，然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。
[5] 走投无路之下，我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世，告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户，并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后，汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁，”他说，“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话，这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间，我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活，但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此，我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时，我l0岁。不久之后，她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果，后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作，暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动，不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。
to Exercises Key to Exercises Lesson1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b616120995.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.B 5.A 6.C7.B8.B 3.(1)shield(2)playing(3)shield(4)personal(5)social (6)political(7)family(8)colleagues(9)stimulate 4.(1)blackboard(2)unconscious(3)time (4)ancestors(5)parents(6)reinvent B.Reading Strategies 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B10.A Lesson2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b616120995.html,prehension Check 1.A 3.C 4.B 5.A7.C8.B 2.(1)defines(2)failures(3)successful(4)beliefs 6.(1)picture(2)performing(3)replace(4)self-image (5)line(6)potential(7)short-change(8)better B.Reading Strategies 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C10.A Lesson3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b616120995.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.A 3.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A 4.(1)cultivate(2)granted(3)investigate(4)explore (5)major(6)exploration B.Reading Strategies 1.normalized 2.membership 3.threatening 4.publication 5.novelists 6.persuasion 7.personality 8.pressure 9.reluctance10.justify Lesson4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/b616120995.html,prehension Check 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 1.(1)crush(2)Brazil(3)intelligent(4)knockout B.Reading Strategies 1.distinguishable 2.psychological 3.effective 4.insistent 5.various 6.skinny 7.delightful 8.gloriously 9.financial10.amazing
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程英译汉（Unit 1-10、13、14） Unit 1 1. Two noted Americans explain why it’s not what you earn-it’s what you learn. 两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。 2. I have never thought I was better than anyone else, but I have always believed I couldn’t be outworked. 我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。 3. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 4. I took a genuine interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup ideas. 我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。 5. I ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics. 结果我创下了化妆品销售的最好成绩。 Unit 2 1. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the extremely fast speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. 只要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2. Besides, if everyone shops on the Net , what will happen to the hundreds and thousands of shopping malls? 此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？ 3. The huge power of electronic commerce (e-commerce) will change the face of trade dramatically. 电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。 4. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency” . 电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。 5. As the Net pushes the economy ahead rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward , resulting in the Internet itself becoming the world’s largest emerging market. 在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。 Unit 3 1. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole flood of other extinctions. 所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。 2. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against illegal hunting, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve and animals. 这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷 猎的规章制度。 3. With corruption popular in many developing countries, some observers are suspicious that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. 由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。 4. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. 森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的树木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。 5. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so fo rce logging companies to go “green” or go out of business. 理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。 Unit 4 1. The trend began in earnest in 1995, when the Queen of England admitted that the Maori people of New Zealand had been shamefully treated, when the country was a British colony. 这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭
Keys Unit One 1. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercise Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B Put the following into Chinese 1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到公里深的海底呢我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。 2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。 3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。 4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。 2. Taking Lessons from What Went Wrong Comprehension Exercises Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 2. Put the following into Chinese 他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。 技术分析人员认为，一种建设性的冲动---以及它对深海钻探可能产生的结果，是通过分析失败的原因获得革新，革新使油井变得更安全，尽管降低对石油依赖也能带来很多好处。 几组调查人员认真研究了这座桥梁坍塌的原因，吊桥设计人员从中汲取了一些教训，其中最主要的是：要保证桥面公路的重量和围梁的强度，使之足以避免因强风引起的危险摇晃。但是工程师们似乎一致认为，调查中的发现最终将改进深海石油钻探技术---至少到下一次意想不到的悲剧发生之前，或到下一次促使技术变得更加安全的教训之前。 Dad Comprehension Exercises 1. Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 2. Put the following into Chinese 1. 他当时33岁，我4岁，他有力的大手一把握住我细小的双臂，轻而易举地把我扛上肩头，使我能居高临下地看到我想看到的一切。 2. 但是，对于一个生活在二战后的小男孩来说，父亲就像一个具有神秘力量和威力的神，超乎凡人之上，无所不能，无所不知， 3. 每天晚上他下班回来以后，我们都会练习握手。戴着克利夫兰印第安球队的旧帽子的我，蹒跚地跑向身材高大的父亲，一遍又一遍地认真同他握手，直到能够握得很紧。 4. 第二年，我的狗被车轧死，我感到悲痛难忍。这时，父亲来到我身边，用他有力的双臂
Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。