专题三完形填空
第四讲说明文
真题验证
(2015·安徽高考) In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The ____1.D____ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ____2.B____ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we ____3.B____ a throwaway society? First of all，it is now easier to ____4.C____ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.____5.A____ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and ____6.C____.
Another cause is our ____7.A____ of disposable (一次性的) products.As ____8.D____ people，we are always looking for ____9.A____ to save time and make our lives https://www.doczj.com/doc/bd17451171.html,panies ____10.C____ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also ____11.D____ to the problem.We are ____12.B____ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that ____13.A____ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we ____14.D____ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world，we can see the ____15.D____ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To ____16.D____ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ____17.B____，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.____18.A____，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions ____19.D____ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about ____20.A____.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
文章大意：本文是说明文。本文讲述了为什么我们的社会变成了一个垃圾成山、一次性物品充斥的社会，同时指出要保护环境、解决这一问题，除了回收资源以外，人们更应该改变的是消费习惯。
?A．key B.reason
C．project D.problem
解析：下文语境题。根据第一段末句中的“because people...than ever before”可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的问题。
?A．gifts B.rubbish
C.debt
D.products
解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的原因状语从句“because p eople are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知答案。
?A．face B.become
C.observe
D.change
解析：下文语境题。文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。
?A．hide B.control
C．replace D.withdraw
解析：下文语境题。因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide“隐藏”；control“控制”；replace“取代”；withdraw“提取”。
?A．Thanks to B.As to
C．Except for D.Regardless of
解析：下文语境题。由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。
?A．safe B.funny
C．cheap D.powerful
解析：上文语境题。由上一句中的“produce products quickly and inexpensively”可知。
?A．love https://www.doczj.com/doc/bd17451171.html,ck
C．prevention D.division
解析：下文语境题。由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。
?A．sensitive B.kind
C．brave D.busy
解析：语义逻辑题。为什么要节约时间？是因为人们比较忙。
?A．ways B.places
C．jobs D.friends
解析：语义逻辑题。忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法。
10A．donate B.receive
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C．produce D.preserve
解析：语义逻辑题。公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产一次性产品。
11A．adapts B.returns
○
C．responds D.contributes
解析：下文语境题。由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to“适应”；return to“返回”；respond to“对……作出反应”；contribute to“有助于……”。
12A．tired of B.addicted to
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C．worried about D.ashamed for
解析：上文语境题。根据前句“我们对新产品的欲望也会引起这个问题”，以及后句“we will be happier with the latest products”推理可知。
13A．newer B.stronger
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C.higher
https://www.doczj.com/doc/bd17451171.html,rger
解析：下文语境题。根据空后的“we will be happier with the latest products”可知此处表示“越新越好”。
14A．pick up B.pay for
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C．hold onto D.throw away
解析：固定搭配题。make room for new ones“为新东西腾出空间”，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢？
15A．advantages B.purposes
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C.functions
D.consequences
解析：下文语境题。根据后句“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger”可知此处指的是“这种抛弃型的生活方式造成的后果”。
16A．show B.record
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C．decrease D.measure
解析：下文语境题。根据后句中的“more go vernments are requiring people to recycle materials”和文章最后一句中的“...to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment”可知。
17A．technology B.environment
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C.consumers
D.brands
解析：参见上题解析。
18A．However B．Otherwise
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C.Therefore D．Meanwhile
解析：下文语境题。根据下一段内容以及空格后的“this is not enough to solve (解
决) our problem”推理可知空格前后应为转折关系。
19A．by B.in favour of
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C.after
D.instead of
解析：语义逻辑题。维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此可知答案。
20A．spending B.collecting
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C．repairing D.advertising
解析：上文逻辑题。根据前句中的“to repair our possessions ____14____ throwing them away”以及后句中的“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits...”可知。
模拟强化
(2017·广东省适应性测试)导学号 47404056 Some adults spend a lot of time trying to stop children playing.They are usually people who think of play as being the ____1.B____ of work and therefore a waste of time.For humans，work is a way of getting food to eat，and like humans，____2.A____ must spend time doing the ____3.A____ things.Regardless of this，children ____4.C____ playing，and so do other young animals.It is quite ____5.A____ to keep both a small child and a young cat ____6.D____ for hours with a piece of paper.
Hunting may be the most obvious skill ____7.B____ in play，but it is far from being the only https://www.doczj.com/doc/bd17451171.html,mbs and goat kids play ____8.A____，although they will never ____9.A____ anything other than some grass.But for these young animals too，____10.C____ is an important part of learning.Sheep and goats are ____11.C____ hill and mountain animals.Running and skipping exercise young legs and develop a strong sense of ____12.D____ that will keep them safe on the steepest rocks.
____13.B____ animals，play is not so different.____14.A____ trees and catching flies are not the most obvious training for the adult world，but the flexibility ____15.D____ in these activities is similar to that required of a bus driver or businessman.
What we know about animals shows us that playing is a very good way of ____16.A____，so maybe one of the best ways for ____17.C____ to learn is also by playing.Children find playing is fun，but ____18.B____ notice that they are also learning at the same time.Most people continue to play games long after they have become ____19.A____，and perhaps that is because we rely so much on our ____20.D____ to learn.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。通过与动物的类比得出“玩”对于孩子们来说也是一种
学习的方式。
?A．reward B．opposite
C．basis D．nature
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。根据上文“一些成年人会花费大量的时间阻止孩子玩”，因此他们认为玩浪费时间，是学习工作的对立面( opposite)。reward 奖励；basis 基础；nature自然，本性；均不符合句意。
? A．animals B．children
C．parents D．cats
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。根据上文，“对人类而言，工作是获取食物的一种途径”，像人类一样，动物( animals)必须花时间做相同的(same)事情。children孩子们；parents父母；cats猫；均不符合句意。
?A．same B．ordinary
C．dull D．chief
解析：命题人考查的是形容词词义辨析。结合上一题解析可知答案。ordinary普通的；dull迟钝的；无趣的；chief主要的；均不符合句意。
?A．delay B．regret
C．enjoy D．ignore
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。根据上文的类比，孩子们喜欢(enjoy)玩，其他小动物也是如此。delay延期，耽搁；regret后悔；ignore忽视；均不符合句意。
?A．possible B．necessary
C．reasonable D．difficult
解析：命题人考查的是形容词词义辨析。让一个小孩子和一只小猫用一张纸玩(amused)几个小时是相当有可能的( possible)；necessary必要的；reasonable合理的；difficult 困难的；均不符合句意。
?A．annoyed B．alarmed
C．amazed D．amused
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。结合上一题解析可知答案。annoyed使……恼怒；alarmed 使……惊恐；amazed使……吃惊；均不符合句意。
?A．kept B．practiced
C．tested D．required
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。根据下文羊羔和山羊崽无休止地(endlessly)奔跑可知，追逐是在玩中练习( practiced)的最明显的技能。kept保持；tested测验；required 要求；均不符合句意。
?A．endlessly B．clumsily
C．crazily D．aggressively
解析：命题人考查的是副词词义辨析。结合上一题解析可知答案。clumsily笨拙地；crazily疯狂地；aggressively攻击地；均不符合句意。
?A．hunt B．plant
C．learn D．catch
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。根据第二段第一句可知，此处指猎狩(hunt)。plant种植； learn学会；catch捉住；均不符合句意。
10A．jump B．work
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C．play D．walk
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。根据上文的例子可知，“玩( play)也是学习的重要部分。” jump跳；work工作；walk步行；均不符合句意。
11A．strangely B．initiallyC．naturally D．equally
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解析：命题人考查的是副词词义辨析。结合常识可知，羊羔和山羊天生(naturally)都是山地动物。 strangely奇怪地；initially最初地；equally平等地；均不符合句意。
12A．direction B．space
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C．distance D．balance
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。根据语境，绵羊和山羊通过跑、跳练习腿部，发展强烈的平衡(balance)意识，以保证它们在陡峭的山崖上的安全。direction方向；space 空间；distance距离；均不符合句意。
13A．Based on B．Compared with
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C．Inspired by D．Developed from
解析：命题人考查的是短语辨析。根据上下文，上文提到绵羊和山羊的跑跳锻炼平衡，下文提到人类爬(climbing)树、捉苍蝇进行比较(compared with)。based on以……为基础；inspired by受……启发；developed from从……开发；均不符合句意。
14A．Climbing B．Growing
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C．Watering D．Cutting
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。结合上一题解析可知答案。growing使……生长；watering 给……浇水；cutting砍伐；均不符合句意。
15A．reduced B．allowed
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C．damaged D．needed
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。根据上文，爬树、捉苍蝇虽然不像绵羊和山羊跑跳锻炼那样明显，但是却锻炼人们的灵活性，这恰恰是公交车司机或者商人所需要的
( needed)。reduced减少；allowed允许；damaged破坏；均不符合句意。
16 A．learning B．exercising
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C．improving D．growing
解析：命题人考查的是动词词义辨析。根据上文，通过对动物的了解可知，玩是学习(learning)的一个非常重要的方式。exercising锻炼；improving改善，提高；growing成长；均不符合句意。
17A．adults B．creatures
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C．humans D．students
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。根据上文，动物通过把玩看作是学习的一个非常好的方式，来类推人类(humans)也是如此。adult成年人；creature生物；student学生；均不符合句意。
18A．generally B．hardly
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C．possibly D．truly
解析：命题人考查的是副词词义辨析。空前“but”表前后句是转折关系，前句是肯定句，故此处需用否定副词(hardly)。generally普遍地；possibly可能性；truly真实地；均不符合句意。
19A．mature B．wise
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C．athletic D．strong
解析：命题人考查的是形容词词义辨析。根据上文，“学生发现玩有趣，但是很难注意到同时也是在学习”，但是大部分在变得成熟(mature)之后继续玩。wise聪明的；athletic 运动的；strong强壮的；均不符合句意。
20A．flexibility B．liberty
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C．responsibility D．curiosity
解析：命题人考查的是名词词义辨析。结合上一题解析，猜测人们即使成人后仍在玩或许是因为我们对学习好奇心(curiosity)的依赖。flexibility灵活性；liberty自由；responsibility责任，义务；均不符合句意。