英语
Ⅰ.命题指导思想
一、命题依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，依据《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（课程标准实验版）》和《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷考试说明》，不拘泥于某一版本的教科书。
二、命题重视”新材料、新情境”的创设与运用，考查考生的综合语言运用能力。
三、命题保持相对稳定，体现新课程理念。
四、命题力求科学、准确、公平、规范，试卷应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。
Ⅱ.考试内容及要求
依据《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》规定的八级目标要求，确定本学科考试内容。考生应在英语语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面达到相应水平。对语言知识、语言运用的具体要求如下：
一、语言知识
要求考生掌握并能运用《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》八级要求规定的英语语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题（见附录）。结合山东省中学英语教学实际，确定约3300个单词（见附录）作为高考命题的词汇范围。另外，为命题的需要，增加了个别单词，以*号标明，仅要求考生知道其汉语意思。
二、语言运用
1．阅读
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
(1) 理解主旨和要义
(2) 理解文中具体信息
(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义
(4) 作出判断和推理
(5) 理解文章的基本结构
(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度
2．写作
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：
(1) 清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思
(2) 有效运用所学语言知识
3．口语（对2014年英语及相关专业考生的要求）
要求考生根据题示进行口头表达。考生应能：
(1) 询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法
(2) 做到语音、语调自然
(3) 做到语言运用得体
(4) 使用有效的交际策略
Ⅲ.考试形式与试卷结构
考试形式：采用闭卷、笔试形式（英语及相关专业考生增加口试，办法另定）。考试限定用时为120分钟。
试卷结构：试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，满分150分。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共105分；第Ⅱ卷为书面表达题，共45分。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分英语知识运用
本部分共两节，考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。
第一节：10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分。每小题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
第二节：共40分。在两篇短文中留出空白，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第一篇短文10小题，每小题1分；第二篇短文20小题，每小题1.5分。
第二部分阅读理解
考查考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。
本部分25小题，每小题2分，共50分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容，从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分书面表达
本部分共两节，考查考生用英语进行书面表达的能力。
第一节：5个小题，共15分。要求考生阅读所给的一篇短文，并根据短文作答。题目主要有以下几种类型：
1．根据题目要求就短文内容简要回答问题
2．概括短文或某一段落的主旨大意
3．确定具有指代功能的词汇的所指内容
4．指出作者的写作意图或态度
5．补全短文中空缺的内容
6．同义语句替换
7．根据语境翻译句子
必要时可根据文章的题材和体裁设置其他类型题目。
第二节：满分30分。要求考生根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。
Ⅳ.题型示例
第一部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空
1. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
2. I didn?t think I?d like the movie, but actually it ______ pretty good.
A. has been
B. was
C. had been
D. would be
3. — Are you going to take part in the speech contest?
— _______ It?s too good an opportunity to miss.
A. No problem!
B. That?s for sure.
C. why me?
D. Why bother?
4. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _______.
A. whoever
B. wherever
C. whatever
D. however
5. It doesn?t matter _______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how
B. whether
C. what
D. why
6. Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless
B. until
C. although
D. since
7. If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn?t have been so successful.
A. haven?t made
B. wouldn?t make
C. didn?t make
D. hadn?t made
8. There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
第二节完形填空
例一
In 1999, Ryan Hreljac and Jimmy Akana became pen pals. Their lives could not have been more 1 . Ryan lived with his family in Kemptville, Canada, while Jimmy, an orphan, lived in Agweo, Uganda. Jimmy?s life was in constant 2 because rebel troops would raid his village. Fate, and Ryan?s 3 to help others, brought the pals together.
When Ryan was 6, he 4 that millions of people in Africa did not have access to clean water. He decided to 5 that. To raise money, Ryan did chores for four months. He earned $70, but that was not 6 to build even one well. “I realized that I couldn?t raise $ 2,000 by doing chores,” he told TFK. “So I started doing public speaking.” To date, the Ryan?s Well Foundation has built 238 wells in 11 countries. “We?ve7 almost 400,000 people and raised $ 1.5 million,” Ryan says.
The foundation?s first well was built in Agweo, where Jimmy liv ed. The boys met in 2000, when Ryan traveled to Uganda. “We had a8 from the beginning,” says Jimmy of that meeting. The Hreljac family 9 Jimmy and brought him to live in their home. Ryan, 15, and Jimmy, 17, speak to communities and schools all over the world about the 10 of having clean drinking water.
1. A. different B. difficult C. brilliant D. important
2. A. danger B. absence C. evidence D. decline
3. A. determination B. duty C. guidance D. burden
4. A. learned B. estimated C. hoped D. commanded
5. A. change B. move C. compete D. create
6. A. enough B. supposed C. usual D. equal
7. A. helped B. touched C. removed D. examined
8. A. connection B. story C. focus D. fortune
9. A. adopted B. informed C. pleased D. purchased
10. A. importance B. future C. habit D. history
例二
I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but I always knew he was special.
Dad?s always been very 2 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 3 a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 4 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 5 me to go into law. And I?ve always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 6 I didn?t pursue my7 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”As 8 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 9 for young people in the U.K.
My wife and I have two children, and I?d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 10 me.
1. A. teacher B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener
2. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding
3. A. taking up B. making up C. picking up D. keeping up
4. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice
5. A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested
6. A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore
7. A. promise B. task C. belief D. dream
8. A. this B. he C. it D. that
9. A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project
10. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised
例三
I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 1 I think about myself. I am happy that I am
1. A. since B. before C. or D. unless
2. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled
3. A. education B. career C. tour D. change
4. A. balance B. homework C. degree D. interest
5. A. talked B. wrote C. lied D. reported
6. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty
7. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence
8. A. dared B. offered C. hesitated D. happened
9. A. dream B. problem C. duty D. step
10. A. us B. which C. them D. whom
11. A. attitude B. hobby C. hope D. luck
12. A. friend B. partner C. guide D. guest
13. A. polite B. happy C. strange D. confident
14. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. trusted
15. A. explain B. guess C. declare D. see
16. A. homeless B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless
17. A. quieter B. busier C. better D. richer
18. A. forget B. face C. improve D. analyze
19. A. forced B. preferred C. ordered D. taught
20. A. miss B. like C. wonder D. expect
例四
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the 1 home from work in the evenings. A man will be 2 the newspaper, and seconds later it 3 as if he is trying to 4 it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger 5 next to him. 6 place where unplanned short sleep 7 is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring (打鼾) so 8 that the professor has to ask another student to 9 the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing (尴尬) situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the 10 of the head pushes the arm off the 11 , and the movement carries the 12 of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no 13 of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when 14 . Police reports are full of 15 that occur when people fall into sleep and go 16 the road. If the drivers are 17 , they are not seriously hurt. One woman?s car, 18 , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of 19 and thought it was raining. When people are really 20 , nothing will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are.
1.A. way B. track C. path D. road
2.A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading
3.A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds
4.A. open B. eat C. find D. finish
5.A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting
6.A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One
7.A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns
8.A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly
9.A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch
10.A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength
11.A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book
12.A. action B. position C. rest D. side
13.A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose
14.A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving
15.A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents
16.A. up B. off C. along D. down
17.A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong
18.A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example
19.A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush
20.A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy
第二部分阅读理解
例一
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It?s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer?s office with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?”Jimmy?s heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this
interview?” he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy?s surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know you?d be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
1. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?
A. He was out of work.
B. He was bored with his job.
C. He wanted a higher position.
D. He hoped to find a better boss.
2. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?
A. A friend?s car had a flat tyre.
B. A wild man was pushing a car.
C. A terrible car accident happened.
D. An old man?s car broke down.
3. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?
A. He was also to be interviewed.
B. He needed a travelling companion.
C. He always helped people in need.
D. He was thankful to Jimmy.
4. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer?s question?
A. He was sorry for the other applicants.
B. There was no hope for him to get the job.
C. He regretted helping the old man.
D. The interviewer was very rude.
5. What can we learn from Jimmy?s experience?
A. Where there?s a will, there?s a way.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Good is rewarded with good.
D. Two heads are better than one.
例二
Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller?s father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the …Great American Dream.? However, he experienced severe financial hardship when
his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller?s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is …burnt out?and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can?t do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics? Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.
1. Why did Arthur Miller?s father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the …Great American Dream.?
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed.
2. The play Death of a Salesman ______.
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly.
B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system.
D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman _______.
A. achieved huge success
B. won the first Tony Award
C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen
D. was severely attacked by dramatists
5. What is the text mainly about?
A. Arthur Miller and his family.
B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.
D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.
例三
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain?s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy?s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers?spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额).
These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
1. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A. Most of its restaurants were closed.
B. The number of its customers was declining.
C. It was in need of financial support.
D. Its customers found the food unhealthy.
2. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Customers of other fast-food chains.
B. Sparrow restaurants.
C. Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
D. Other fast-food chains.
3. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A. To build a good relationship with the public.
B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C. To learn about customers? spending power.
D. To meet the challenge from Marcy?s restaurants.
4. The TV ads of Sparrow _______.
A. changed people?s views on pop stars
B. amused the public with original songs
C. focused on the superiority of its products
D. influenced the eating habits of the audience
5. What was Pearson?s achievement as a CEO?
A. He managed to pay off Sparrow?s debts.
B. He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C. He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
第三部分书面表达
第一节阅读表达
例一
[1] Ashley Power?s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was
thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn?t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I?d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”
[2] So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.
[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen—I didn?t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you?d be stressed, too!”
[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don?t listen when , because I heard …no? a lot. Just keep going until you hear …yes?!”
1. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (no more than 10 words)
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
3. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10
words)
4. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (no more than 5 words)
5. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
例二
[1] When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn?t take Cuddles out for walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.
[2] When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldn?t bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get
used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
[3] Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.
[4] Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.
[5] Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find way on busy streets, step over curbs （便道沿儿）and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated（显示）its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.
1. What?s the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1?(no more than 2 words)
2. Why didn?t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (no more than 15 words)
3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words)
4. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (no more than 10 words)
5. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (no more than 20 words)
例三
[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”
[2] But money __________________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty?s children had very happy lives.
[3] Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephones in the guests? bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of
money for his safe return. Getty?s son asked his father for money to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty?s son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.
[5] Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)
3. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.
4. What did the kidnappers do to Getty?s family? (no more than 10 words)
5. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
例四
[1]It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the current amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to this.
[2]Why has there been such growth in televised sport? For one thing, with digital broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even ten years ago. Moreover, sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
[3]What are the benefits of this state of affairs? One obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money provided by television companies. Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. Less popular sports also receive money that can be used in training and awareness-raising. What?s more, there is a health benefit to some of the population, because through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport.
[4]However, if so much sport is on television. Considering football
again, many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the large ones. There has been a general falling in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs. Fewer people attend live matches nowadays, preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room. And ticket prices have risen greatly.
[5]To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain people and clubs very much, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports events for ever.
1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)
2. Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 2.(no more than 3 words)
There has been a great increase in TV channels in the past few years with the help of_____________.
3. Point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in Paragraph3. (no
more than 3 words)
4. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
5. What does the word “it” (Line2, Paragraph5) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
第二节写作
根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。
题型示例略。
Ⅴ.附录
一、语音项目表
1．基本读音
（1）26个字母读音
（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音
（3）元音字母在轻读音节中的读音
（4）元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
（5）常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音
（6）辅音字母组合的读音
（7）辅音连缀的读音
（8）成节音的读音
2．重音
（1）单词重音
（2）句子重音
3．读音的变化
（1）连读（2）失去爆破（3）弱读（4）同化4．语调与节奏
（1）意群与停顿（2）语调（3）节奏
5．语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用
6．朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧
7．主要英语国家的英语语音差异
二、语法项目表
1．名词
（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词
（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格
2．代词
（1）人称代词（2）物主代词
（3）反身代词（4）指示代词
（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词
3．数词
（1）基数词（2）序数词
4．介词和介词短语
5．连词
6．形容词（比较级和最高级）
7．副词（比较级和最高级）
8．冠词
9．动词
（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词
（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词
（5）情态动词
10．时态
（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时
（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时
（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时
（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时
（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时
11．被动语态
12．非谓语动词
（1）动词不定式（2）动词的-ing形式（3）动词的-ed形式13．构词法
（1）合成法（2）派生法
（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写
14．句子种类
（1）陈述句（2）疑问句
（3）祈使句（4）感叹句
15．句子成分
（1）主语（2）谓语（3）表语（4）宾语
（5）定语（6）状语（7）补语
16．简单句的基本句型
17．主谓一致
18．并列复合句
19．主从复合句
（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句
（4）主语从句（5）表语从句
20．间接引语
21、省略
22．倒装
23．强调
24．虚拟语气
五、词汇表
A
a(an) art.
abandon v.
ability n.
able a.
abnormal a.
aboard prep.
abolish v.
abortion n.
about ad. & prep. above prep., a. & ad. abroad a. & ad. abrupt a.
absence n.
absent a.
absolute a.
absorb v.
abstract a. &n. absurd a.
abundant a.
abuse v.
academic a. & n. academy n. accelerate v.
accent n.
accept v.
access n. & v. accessible a.
accident n. accommodation n. accompany v. accomplish v.
* according a. & ad. account n.
accountant n. accumulate v. accuracy n. accurate a. accuse v. accustomed a. ache v.& n. achieve v. achievement n. acid a. acknowledge v. acquaintance n. acquire v. acquisition n.
acre n.
across prep.
act n. &v. action n.
active a.
activity n.
actor n.
actress n.
actual a.
acute a.
AD n.
ad =advertisement n. adapt v. adaptation n.
add v.
addicted a. addition n. address n. adequate a.
adjust v. adjustment n. administration n. admirable a. admire v. admission n.
admit v.
adolescence n. adolescent n.
adopt v.
adore v.
adult n.
advance v. &n. advantage n.
adventure n.
advertise v. advertisement n.
advice n.
advise v.
advocate v.
affair n.
affect v.
affection n.
afford v.
afraid a.
Africa n.
African a.& n.
after ad., prep. & conj. afternoon n.
afterwards ad.
again ad.
against prep.
age n.
agency n.
agenda n.
agent n.
aggressive a.
ago ad.
agree v.
agreement n.
agricultural a. agriculture n.
ahead ad.
aid n. & v. AIDS n.
aim n. & v.
air n.
aircraft n.
airline n.
airmail n.
airplane n.
airport n.
airspace n.
alarm n. & v. album n.
alcohol n.
alcoholic a.& n. algebra n.
alike ad.
alive a.
all ad., a. & pron. allergic a.
alley n.
allocate v.
allow v.
allowance n.
almost ad.
alone a.
along ad. & prep. alongside ad.
aloud ad.
alphabet n.
already ad.
also ad.
alternative a. although conj.
altitude n.
altogether ad. aluminium n.
always ad.
am./am, AM./AM n. amateur a.
2014年山东高考理综物理试题与参考答案 第Ⅰ卷（共 42分） 二、选择题(本题包括7小题，每小题给出四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分) 14．（2014山东高考14）如图，用两根等长轻绳将木板悬挂在竖直木桩上等高的两点，制成一简易秋千，某次维修时将两轻绳各剪去一小段，但仍能保持等长且悬挂点不变。木板静止时，1F 表示木板所 受合力的大小，2F 表示单根轻绳对木板拉力的大小，则维修后 A ．1F 不变，2F 变大 B ．1F 不变，2F 变小 C ．1F 变大，2F 变大 D ．1F 变小，2F 变小 （2014山东高考15）一质点在外力作用下做直线运动，其速度v 随时间t 变化的图像如图。在图中标 出的时刻中，质点所受合外力的方向与速度方向相同的有 A ．1t B ．2t C ．3t D ．4t 16．（2014山东高考16）如图，一端接有定值电阻的平行金属轨道固定在水平面内，通有恒定电流的长直绝缘导线垂直并紧靠轨道固定，导体棒与轨道垂直且 接触良好。在向右匀速通过N M 、两区的过程中，导体棒所受安培力分别用M F 、N F 表示。不计轨道电阻，以下叙述正确的是 A ．M F 向右 B ．N F 向左 C ．M F 逐渐增大 D ．N F 逐渐减小 17．（2014山东高考17）如图，将额定电压为60V 的用电器，通过一理想变压器接在正弦交变电源上。闭合开关S 后，用电器正常工作，交流电压表和交流电流表（均为理想电表）的示数分别为220V 和2.2A 。以下判断正确的是 A ．变压器输入功率为484W
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices. 1. Many people know the history of Black Friday. ? A. True B. False C. Not Given
理科综合 物理试题（110分/300分） 第Ⅰ卷（必做，共42分） 一、选择题（共7小题，每小题6分，共42分。第小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。） 14、如图，用两根等长轻绳将木板悬挂在竖直木桩上等高的两点，制成一简易秋千。某次维修时将两轻绳各剪去一小段，但仍保持等长且悬挂点不变。木板静止时，F 1表示木板所受合 力的大小，F 2表示单根轻绳对木板拉力的大小，则维修后（ ） A 、F 1不变，F 2变大 B 、F 1不变，F 2变小 C 、F 1变大，F 2变大 D 、F 1变小，F 2变小 15、一质点在外力作用下做直线运动，其速度v 随时间t 变化的图像如 图。在图中标出的时刻中，质点所受合外力的方向与速度方向相同的有 （ ） A 、t 1 B 、t 2 C 、t 3 D 、t 4 16、如图，一端接有定值电阻的平行金属轨道固定在水平面内， 通有 恒定电流的长直绝缘导线垂直并紧靠轨道固定，导体棒与轨道垂直且接触 良好。在向右匀速通过M 、N 两区的过程中，导体棒所受安培力分别用 F M 、 F N 表示。不计轨道电阻。以下叙述正确的是（ ） A 、F M 向右 B 、F N 向左 C 、F M 逐渐增大 D 、F M 逐渐减小 17、如图，将额定电压为60V 的用电器，通过一理想变压器接在正弦交变电源上。闭合开关S 后，用电器正常工作，交流电压表和交流电流表（均为理想电表）的示数分别为220V 和 2.2A 。以下判断正确的是（ ） A 、变压器输入功率为484W B 、通过原线圈的电流的有效值为6.6A C 、通过副线圈的电流的最大值为2.2A D 、变压器原、副线圈匝数比3:11:21=n n 18、如图，场强大小为E 、方向竖直向下的匀强电场中有一矩形区域 abcd ，水 平 R a q +q -
全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）
11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 理科综合化学部分 第I 卷 7．下表中对应关系正确的是 2CH +HCl CH A ．同主族元素含氧酸的酸性随核电荷数的增加而减弱 B ．核外电子排布相同的微粒化学性质也相同 C ．Cl￣、S 2￣、Ca 2+、K +半径逐渐减小 D ． 与 得电子能力相同 与 9．等质量的下列物质与足量稀硝酸反应，放出NO 物质的量最多的是 A ．FeO B. Fe 2O 3 C. FeSO 4 D 、Fe 3O 4 10．下列实验操作或装置（略去部分加持仪器）正确的是 OH 11．苹果酸的结构简式为HOOC CH 2—COOH ，下列说法正确的是 A ．苹果酸中能发生酯化反应的官能团有2种 B ．1mol 苹果酸可与3mol NaOH 发生中和反应 C ．1mol 苹果酸与足量金属Na 反应生成生成1mol H 2 D ．HOOC —CH 2—CH(OH)—COOH 与苹果酸互为同分异构体 12．下列有关溶液组成的描述合理的是 A ．无色溶液中可能大量存在Al 3+、NH 4+、Cl￣、S 2￣
B．酸性溶液中可能大量存在Na+、ClO￣、SO42￣、I￣ C．弱碱性溶液中可能大量存在Na+、K+、Cl￣、HCO3￣ D．中性溶液中可能大量存在Fe3+、K+、Cl￣、SO42￣ 13．已知某温度下CH3COOH和NH3?H2O 的电离常数相等，现向10mL浓度为0.1mol?L￣1的CH3COOH 溶液中滴加相同浓度的氨水，在滴加过程中 A．水的电离程度始终增大 B．c（NH4+）/c（NH3?H2O）先增大再减小 C．c（CH3COOH）与c（CH3COO￣）之和始终保持不变 D．当加入氨水的体积为10mL时，c(NH4+)=c(CH3COO￣) 29．（17分）研究氮氧化物与悬浮在大气中海盐粒子的相互作用时，涉及如下反应：2NO 2（g）+NaCl（s）NaNO3（s）+ClNO（g）K1?H < 0 （I） 2NO（g）+Cl 2（g）2ClNO（g）K2?H < 0 （II） （1）4NO 2（g）+2NaCl（s）2NaNO3（s）+2NO（g）+Cl2（g）的平衡常数K= （用K1、K2表示）。 （2）为研究不同条件对反应（II）的影响，在恒温条件下，向2L恒容密闭容器中加入0.2mol NO和 0.1mol Cl2，10min时反应（II）达到平衡。测得10min内v（ClNO）=7.5×10-3mol?L-1?min-1，则 平衡后n（Cl2）= mol，NO的转化率а1= 。其它条件保持不变，反应（II）在恒压条件下进行，平衡时NO的转化率а2а1（填“>”“<”或“=”），平衡常数K2（填“增大”“减小”或“不变”。若要使K2减小，可采用的措施是。（3）实验室可用NaOH溶液吸收NO2，反应为2NO2+2NaOH=NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O。含0.2mol NaOH 的水溶液与0.2mol NO2恰好完全反应得1L溶液A，溶液B为0.1mol?L￣1的CH3COONa溶液，则两溶液中c（NO3￣）、c（NO2-）和c（CH3COO￣）由大到小的顺序为。 （已知HNO2的电离常数K a=7.1×10-4mol?L￣1，CH3COOH的电离常数K a=1.7×10-5mol?L￣1，可使溶液A和溶液B的pH相等的方法是。 a．向溶液A中加适量水 b.向溶液A中加适量NaOH c．向溶液B中加适量水 d..向溶液B中加适量NaOH 30．（16分）离子液体是一种室温熔融盐，为非水体系，由有机阳离子、Al2Cl7—和AlCl4—组成的离子液体作电解液时，可在钢制品上电镀铝。 （1）钢制品应接电源的极，已知电镀过程中不产生其他离子且有机阳离子不参与电极反应，阴极电极反应式为。若改用AlCl3水溶液作电解液，则阴极产物为。 （2）为测定镀层厚度，用NaOH溶液溶解钢制品表面的铝镀层，当反应转移6 mol电子时，所得还原
绝密★启用前 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 语文 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共8页。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。考试 结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区 进而科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。 2. 第I 卷每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案写在试卷上无效。 3. 第II 卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡个题目指定区域 内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的 答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第Ⅰ卷（共36分） 一、(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是 （ ） A. 湛．蓝/斟．酌 崛．起/倔．脾气 提．防/醍．醐灌顶 B. 跻．身/犄．角 女红．/彩虹．桥 沟壑．/豁．然开朗 C. 毛坯．/胚．芽 蒜薹．/跆．拳道 拙．劣/咄．咄逼人 D. 劲．敌/浸．渍 咆哮．/酵．母菌 着．陆/着．手成春 2. 下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是 （ ） A. 缠绵 梗概 打寒噤 震聋发聩 B. 扼守 晋升 伏卧撑 杞人忧天 C. 滥觞 脉博 摇篮曲 大快朵颐 D. 伛偻 驯顺 笑吟吟 锄强扶弱 3. 依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是 （ ） ①本报这次开展的讨论，受到了社会各界的普遍关注，稿件之多，范围之广，_____ 之强烈，出乎意料。 ②有关领导在会议上强调，要重视秋冬季森林防火工作，一旦发现火情，就要及时 处置，严防火势_____。 ③这几年虽然很艰难，但我的付出_____没有白费，经过刻苦的学习和长期的实践, 我练就了比较过硬的本领。 A. ①反映 ②曼延 ③总算 B. ①反应 ②蔓延 ③总算 C. ①反映 ②蔓延 ③终于 D. ①反应 ②曼延 ③终于 4. 下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是 （ ） A. 严冬的夜晚，凛冽的北风从后窗缝里灌进来，常常把人们从睡梦中冻醒，让人不．寒而栗．．． 。 B. 这次军事演习，蓝军一度处于劣势，他们在关键时刻反戈一击．．．．，才夺回了战场上的主动权。 C. 在座谈会上，代表们结合实际情况，广开言路．．．．，畅所欲言，为本地区的经济发展献计策。 D. 从文章风格看，《庄子》奇幻，《孟子》雄辩，《荀子》浑厚，《韩非子》峻峭，实在是各有千秋．．．． 。 5. 下列各句，没有语病、句意明确的一项是 （ ） A. 这次招聘，一半以上的应聘者曾多年担任外资企业的中高层管理岗位，有较丰富 的管理经验。 B. 我父亲是建筑学家，许多人以为我母亲后来进入建筑领域，是受我父亲影响，其实不是这样的。 C. 熟悉他的人都知道，生活中的他不像在银幕上那样，是个性格开朗外向、不拘小节的人。 D. 近年来，随着房地产市场的发展和商品房价格的持续上涨，引起了有关部门的高度重视。 二、(每小题3分，共9分) 阅读下面的文字，完成6～8题。 大家来到此地，都抱有求学研究之志，但我要告诉大家说：单是求知识，没有用处，除非赶紧注意自己的缺欠，调理自己的心理才行。要回头看自己，从自己的心思心情上求其健全，这才算是真学问；若能如此，才算是真进步。 人类之所以超过其他生物，皆因人类有一种优越的力量，能改变外界，创造东西。要有此改变外界的能力，必须本身不是机械的。人类优长之处，即在其生命比其他物类少机械性。这从何处见出呢？就是在于他能自觉；而更进步的，是在回头看自己时，能调理自己。我们对外面的东西，都知道调理他，譬如我们种植花草，或养一个小猫小狗，更如教养小孩，如果我们爱惜他，就必须调理他。又如自己的寝室，须使其清洁整齐，这也是一种调理。对外界我们尚需调理，对自己则忘记调理，是不应该的。 不过调理自己与调理东西不甚一样，调理自己要注意心思与心情两方面。心思方面 姓名________________ 准考证号_____________ ------------- 在--------------------此 -------------------- 卷--------------------上 -------------------- 答-------------------- 题--------------------无 -------------------- 效------------
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 理科综合能力测试（物理） 第Ⅰ卷（必做 共107分） 二、选择题（共7小题，每小题6分，共42分。第小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。） 14．如图，用两根等长轻绳将木板悬挂在竖直木桩上等高的两点，制成一简易秋千。某次 维修时将两轻绳各剪去一小段，但仍保持等长且悬挂点不变。木板静止时，F 1表示木板所受合力的大小，F 2表示单根轻绳对木板拉力的大小，则维修后 A ．F 1不变，F 2变大 B ．F 1不变，F 2变小 C ．F 1变大，F 2变大 D ．F 1变小，F 2变小 15．一质点在外力作用下做直线运动，其速度v 随时间t 变化的图像如图。在图中标出的时刻中，质点所受合外力的方向与速度方向相同的有 A ．t 1 B ．t 2 C ．t 3 D ．t 4 16、如图，一端接有定值电阻的平行金属轨道固定在水平面内，通有恒定电流的长直绝缘导线垂直并紧靠轨道固定，导体棒与轨道垂直且接触良好。在向右匀速通过M 、N 两区的过程中，导体棒所受安培力分别用F M 、F N 表 示。不计轨道电阻。以下叙述正确的是 A ．F M 向右 B ．F N 向左 C ．F M 逐渐增大 D ．F M 逐渐减小 17．如图，将额定电压为60V 的用电器，通过一理想变压器接在正弦交变 电源上。闭合开关S 后，用电器正常工作，交流电压表和交流电流表（均为理想电表）的示数分别为220V 和2.2A 。以下判断正确的是 A ．变压器输入功率为484W B ．通过原线圈的电流的有效值为6.6A C ．通过副线圈的电流的最大值为2.2A D ．变压器原、副线圈匝数比3:11:21=n n 18．如图，场强大小为E 、方向竖直向下的匀强电场中有一矩形区域abcd ， 水平边ab 长为s ，竖直边ad 长为h 。质量均为m 、带电量分别为+q 和－q 的 两粒子，由a 、c 两点先后沿ab 和cd 方向以速率v 0进入矩形区（两粒子不同 时出现在电场中）。不计重力。若两粒子轨迹恰好相切，则v 0等于 A ．mh qE s 22 B ．mh qE s 2 C ．mh qE s 24 D ．mh qE s 4 19．如图，半径为R 的均匀带正电的薄球壳，其上有一小孔A 。已知壳内的场强处处为零；壳外空间的电场，与将球壳上的全部电荷集中于球心O 时在壳外产生的电场一样。一带正电的试探电荷（不计重力）从球心以初动能E k0沿OA 方向射 k E k E k E k E A B C D R q +q -
2014年10月自考《英语（二）》真题（完整试卷）含答案解析 第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital，l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?” ‘s i t’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “ What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ” Many times during long rides，l’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help，”Could I ask a favor of you?”He didn't answer. “I have a son，15，a good kid. He wants a job this summer. is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn't talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “ Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record. ” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him. Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview. Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession. Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center. 1. The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. The taxi driver liked talking with his customers. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. The taxi driver had two children. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. The taxi driver became Dr. Plum' s friend. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Robbie joined in a summer research project.
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(卷)生物部分 1.有关细胞囊泡运输的描述，正确的是 A．细胞核的RNA通过囊泡运输到细胞质 B．蛋白质类激素经囊泡运输分泌到细胞外 C．细胞器之间都能通过囊泡进行物质运输 D．囊泡运输依赖膜的流动性且不消耗能量 2.下列关于生命活动变化关系的描述，正确的是 A．细胞体积增大，与外界物质交换效率提高 B．细胞液浓度增大，植物细胞吸水能力减弱 C．生长素浓度升高，植物细胞生长速度加快 D．体血浆渗透压降低，抗利尿激素释放减少 3.神经系统正常发育过程中神经细胞数量的调节机制如图所示。下列说确的是 A．细胞程序性死亡不利于神经系统正常发育 B．生存因子影响了神经细胞的基因表达 C．神经细胞与靶细胞间通过电信号传递信息 D．死亡细胞被吞噬细胞清除属子细胞免疫 4.下列有关实验操作的描述，正确的是 A．鉴定待测样液中的蛋白质时，先加NaOH溶液，振荡后再加CUS04溶液 B．制作细胞的有丝分裂装片时，洋葱根尖解离后直接用龙胆紫溶液染色 C．低温诱导染色体加倍实验中，将大蒜根尖制成装片后再进行低温处理 D．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，将酶与底物溶液在室温下混合后于不同温度下保温 5.某研究小组测定了多个不同双链DNA分子的碱基组成，根据测定结果绘制了DNA分子的一条单链与其互补链、学科网一条单链与其所在DNA分子中碱基数目比值的关系图，下列正确的是
6.某家系的遗传系谱图及部分个体基因型如图所示，A1、A2、A3是位于X染色体上的等位基因。下列推断正确的是A．II—2基因型为X A1X A2的概率是1/4 B．III—1基因型为X A1 Y的概率是1/4 C．III—2基因型为X A1 X A2的概率是1/8 D．IV—1基因型为X A1 X A1概率是1/8 7.研究者将空腹的大鼠置于冷水中，探究冷水刺激对大鼠生理功能的影响。 （1）冷水刺激引起实验大鼠皮肤___________产生兴奋，兴奋沿传入神经到达神经中枢，经神经中枢处理，使传出神经末梢释放_______________，引起皮肤血管________，减少皮肤散热量；同时引起_______（填激素名称）分泌增加，细胞代加快，产热量增加，以维持体温稳定。 （2）冷水刺激产生的兴奋还可以通过神经中枢作用于胰岛，引起__________分泌增加，该激素促进___________分解，血糖水平升高，以对抗冷水刺激。 （3）冷水刺激引起胃黏膜的HCO-3减少，从而对H+缓冲作用减弱，会使胃黏膜组织液的________降低，可引起胃黏膜损伤。 （4）胃黏膜可抵御致病微生物对机体的侵害，在机体________（填“特异性“或”非特异性"）免疫中发挥重要作用。 8.我省某经济植物光合作用的研究结果如图。 （1）图甲表示全光照和不同程度遮光对该植物叶片中叶绿素含量的影 响。叶绿素存在于叶绿体中的___________上。需先用___________（填溶剂名称）提取叶片中的色素，再测定叶绿素含量。用纸层析法进一步分离色素时，叶绿素a和叶绿素b在层析液中溶解度较大的是_____________。据图分析，该植物可通过___________以增强对弱光的适应能力。 （2）图乙表示初夏某天在遮光50%条件下，温度、光照强度、该植物净光合速率和气孔导度（气孔开的程度）的日变化趋势。8：00到12：00光照强度增强而净光合速率降低，主要原因是___________。（3）实验过程中，若去除遮光物，短时间叶肉细胞的叶绿体中C3化合物含量_____________。 9.6月8日是世界海洋日。海洋是生物圈的重要组成部分，与人类的生存和发展息息相关。
绝密★启用并使用完毕前 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 语文 本试卷分第Ｉ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共8页。满分150分，考试用时150分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、区县和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。 2．第Ｉ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答案不能答在试卷上。 3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答．答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第Ｉ卷（共36分） 一、（每小题3分，共15分） 1．下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是 A．湛．蓝／斟．酌崛．起／倔．脾气提．防／醍．醐灌顶 B．跻．身／犄．角女红．／彩虹．桥沟壑．／豁．然开朗 C．毛坯．／胚．芽蒜薹．／跆．拳道拙．劣／咄．咄逼人 D．劲．敌／浸．渍咆哮．／酵．母菌着．陆／着．手成春 2.下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是 A．缠绵梗概打寒噤震聋发聩 B．扼守晋升伏卧撑杞人忧天 C．滥觞脉博摇篮曲大快朵颐 D．伛偻驯顺笑吟吟锄强扶弱 3.依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是 ○1本报这次开展的讨论，受到了社会各界的普遍关注，稿件之多，范围之广，＿＿＿＿之强烈出乎意料。 ○2有关领导在会议上强调，要重视秋冬季森林防火工作，一旦发现灾情，就要及时处置，严防火势＿＿＿＿＿。 ○3这几年虽然很艰难，但我的付出＿＿＿＿没有白费，经过刻苦的学习和长期的实践，我练就了比较过硬的本领。 A．○1反映○2曼延○3总算 B．○1反应○2蔓延○3总算 C．○1反映○2蔓延○3终于 D．○1反应○2曼延○3终于 4.下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一句是 A．严冬的夜晚，凛冽的北风从后窗缝里灌进来，常常把人们从睡梦中冻醒，让人不．寒而栗 ．．．。
2002年10月自考英语(二)试卷 PART ONE Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，将相应的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。 1. Make sure the label is firmly ______ to the parcel before you mail it. A. attributed B. accustomed C. adjusted D. attached 2. ______leisure was generally considered a waste of time. A. Not until recently B. Not recently C. Until recently D. Recently until 3. Man's greatest energy comes not from his physical strength ______ his dreams. A. except from B. yet from C. however from D. but from 4. It is ______ to avoid rich foods if you are feeling ill. A. senseless B. sensible C. sentimental D. sensitive 5. If you are walking away from a clock tower, you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ______ it cannot be heard. A. which B. what C. where D. how 6. The moon turns round the earth, just ______ the earth circles round the sun. A. therefore B. as C. thus D. so 7. He said he was ______ the origin of the universe. A. speculating upon B. coinciding with C. putting into operation D. distinguishing between 8. A good manager identifies the interest of his employees ______ his own. A. to B. with C. for D. between 9. We have a ___ experience of continued living than any society that has preceded us anywhere. A. very more greater B. very many greater C. much more greater D. very much greater 10. While ______ your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed. A. exercising B. exercises C. to exercise D. exercised Ⅱ. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item) 在下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，将相应的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。 Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting. To show how people exchange a business card, we will examine it as __11__ by an American in Japan. First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other. It is important that the company and title __12__ noticeably positioned. The cards should be kept in a card holder in the jacket pocket. Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented __13__ the giver's name(Japanese side) __14__ the receiver. The card can be __15__ by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow. __16__ receiving a card, the receiver should study it carefully to determine the status of the person he is meeting. Since meetings usually __17__ more than one person, each card __18__ should be placed on the table in front of the receiver __19__ he can tell who he is speaking with. The receiver should avoid shuffling(摆弄) the cards, placing them in his wallet, or writing on them __20__ the giver. The business card is the symbol of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the greatest respect. 11. A. checked out B. worn out C. turned out D. carried out 12. A. be B. is C. will be D. might be 13. A. with B. for C. to D. on
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山东卷)生物部分 1.有关细胞内囊泡运输的描述，正确的是 A．细胞核内的RNA通过囊泡运输到细胞质 B．蛋白质类激素经囊泡运输分泌到细胞外 C．细胞器之间都能通过囊泡进行物质运输 D．囊泡运输依赖膜的流动性且不消耗能量 2.下列关于生命活动变化关系的描述，正确的是 A．细胞体积增大，与外界物质交换效率提高 B．细胞液浓度增大，植物细胞吸水能力减弱 C．生长素浓度升高，植物细胞生长速度加快 D．体内血浆渗透压降低，抗利尿激素释放减少 3.神经系统正常发育过程中神经细胞数量的调节机制如图所示。下列说法正确的是 A．细胞程序性死亡不利于神经系统正常发育 B．生存因子影响了神经细胞的基因表达 C．神经细胞与靶细胞间通过电信号传递信息 D．死亡细胞被吞噬细胞清除属子细胞免疫 4.下列有关实验操作的描述，正确的是 A．鉴定待测样液中的蛋白质时，先加NaOH溶液，振荡后再加CUS04溶液 B．制作细胞的有丝分裂装片时，洋葱根尖解离后直接用龙胆紫溶 液染色 C．低温诱导染色体加倍实验中，将大蒜根尖制成装片后再进行低 温处理 D．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，将酶与底物溶液在室温下混合后 于不同温度下保温 5.某研究小组测定了多个不同双链DNA分子的碱基组成，根据测定结果绘制了DNA分子的一条单链与其互补链、学科网一条单链与其所在DNA分子中碱基数目比值的关系图，下列正确的是 6.某家系的遗传系谱图及部分个体基因型如图所示，A1、A2、A3是位于X染色体上的等位基
因。下列推断正确的是 A．II—2基因型为X A1X A2的概率是1/4 B．III—1基因型为X A1 Y的概率是1/4 C．III—2基因型为X A1 X A2的概率是1/8 D．IV—1基因型为X A1X A1概率是1/8 7.研究者将空腹的大鼠置于冷水中，探究冷水刺激对大鼠生理功能的影响。 （1）冷水刺激引起实验大鼠皮肤___________产生兴奋，兴奋沿传入神经到达神经中枢，经神经中枢处理，使传出神经末梢释放_______________，引起皮肤血管________，减少皮肤散热量；同时引起_______（填激素名称）分泌增加，细胞代谢加快，产热量增加，以维持体温稳定。 （2）冷水刺激产生的兴奋还可以通过神经中枢作用于胰岛，引起__________分泌增加，该激素促进___________分解，血糖水平升高，以对抗冷水刺激。 （3）冷水刺激引起胃黏膜内的HCO-3减少，从而对H+缓冲作用减弱，会使胃黏膜组织液的________降低，可引起胃黏膜损伤。 （4）胃黏膜可抵御致病微生物对机体的侵害，在机体________（填“特异性“或”非特异性"）免疫中发挥重要作用。 8.我省某经济植物光合作用的研究结果如图。 （1）图甲表示全光照和不同程度遮光对该植物叶片中叶绿素含量的影响。叶绿素存在于叶绿体中的___________上。需先用___________（填溶剂名称）提取叶片中的色素，再测定叶绿素含量。用纸层析法进一步分离色素时，叶绿素a和叶绿素b在层析液中溶解度较大的是_____________。据图分析，该植物可通过___________以增强对弱光的适应能力。 （2）图乙表示初夏某天在遮光50%条件下，温度、光照强度、该植物净光合速率和气孔导度（气孔张开的程度）的日变化趋势。8：00到12：00光照强度增强而净光合速率降低，主要原因是___________。 （3）实验过程中，若去除遮光物，短时间内叶肉细胞的叶绿体中C3化合物含量_____________。 9.6月8日是世界海洋日。海洋是生物圈的重要组成部分，与人类的生存和发展息息相关。