Informative-Speech

最新资料欢迎阅读2020 智慧树，知到《英语演讲与争辩》章节测试【完好答案】智慧树知到《英语演讲与争辩》章节测试答案第一章1、Which of the following is NOT one of the great English speakers in the history of the last one hundred years?A:Winston Churchil.B:Adam Smith.C:Martin Luther King.正确答案： Adam Smith.2、To draw audience”s attention,a good speaker always shows ___ to/for his/her speech.A:indifferenceB:passionC:a craze正确答案： passion3、What channel did Winston Churchill employ when making speech during the Second World War?A:Radio.B:Television.C:Internet.正确答案： Radio.4、 Without the nutritious base of_______, a good speechis impossible to occur.A:critical thinkingB:cultureC:Logic正确答案： culture5、Cicero,the greatest speech maker in ancient Rome, felt___ when making a speech.A:easyB:confidentC:nervous正确答案： nervous6、According to a professional speech consultant,___ can reduce stage fright by up to 75 percent.A:rich experienceB:preparationC:confidence正确答案： preparation7 、 Mr. Roosevelt was a very ethical speaker because_______.A:he was paralyzedB:he gave speechC:he managed to stand up and made a speech for his country 正确答案： he managedto stand up and made a speech for his country8 、 To get the attention and interest of the audience, you can take the following methods except_______.A:posing a questionB:telling a storyC:making a long statement正确答案： making a long statement9、 We can present the main points by employing the following orders except ___.A:chronological orderB:topical orderC:alphabetical order正确答案： alphabetical order10 、 The right postures of making a speech include the following except_______.A:planting your feet widelyB:hanging your arms loosely by your sideC:looking over your audience and smiling正确答案： planting your feet widely第二章1、If you have served as a volunteer teacher, probably you can talk about_______.A:your love for musicB:your experience of being a volunteer teacherC:your findings during the travel正确答案： your experience of being a volunteer teacher2、Which of the following is NOT one of the three general purposes of public speech?A:To inform.B:To persuade.C:To criticize.正确答案： To criticize.3、It ”s important to prevent your purpose from_______.A:being generalB:being clearC:being specific正确答案： being general4、Without an eye to observe and a mind to do real thinking, you cannot find the most suitable topic. ___A:TrueB:False正确答案： True5、“To impose legal measures andmoral criticism on domesticviolence ” is no more instructive than“domestic violence”.___A:TrueB:False正确答案： False6、Many experienced speakers consider _“ the very life of speeches”A:examplesB:statisticsC:testimony正确答案： examples7 、 ___ is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.A:A hypothetical exampleB:An extended exampleC:A brief example正确答案： A hypothetical example5最新资料欢迎阅读8、Lord Kelvin once said speaking about, and express “Whenyou can measure what you are it in ___, you know something aboutit.”A:examplesB:numbersC:testimony正确答案： numbers9、 Which of the following sources may not beconsidered reliable or trustworthy when a speaker citesstatistics from them?A:government websitesB:personal blogsC:academic institutions正确答案： personal blogs10、 In your speech you include the statement madeby a top student in your class to illustrate the importance of study habits, this kind of testimony is called ___A:expert testimonyB:peer testimonyC:celebrity testimony正确答案： peer testimony第三章1 、A good speaker always organizes his speech in a/an _ way so that the audience can follow his ideas from beginning to end.A:randomB:orderlyC:emotional正确答案： B2、Chronological order is a method of speech organizationin which the main points follow a _ pattern.A:spatialB:topicalC:time正确答案： C3 、 Comparatively speaking, the solution part is _ the problem part in problem-solution order.A:less important thanB:as important asC:more important than正确答案： C4、According to the lecture, which of the following mightNOT be the effect of insufficient sleep?A:Increased mistakesB:IrritabilityC:Optimism正确答案： C5、A good beginning _.A:prepares listeners for what is to comeB:doesn ”t tell listeners the main idea of the speechC:contributes little to the effect of the whole speech正确答案： A6、A good conclusion _.A:continues to discuss on the topic with presentingmore pointsB:alerts listeners that the speech is going toend C:ends the speech abruptly正确答案： B7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A:People all enjoy stories.B:Stories are attractive if they are provocative,amusing, dramatic or suspenseful.C:Stories may not be relevant to the topic if they are very interesting and funny.正确答案： C8、An outline can help you do the following EXCEPT .A:group your ideas into main points and see their logical connections.B:ensure that ideas flow from one to another.C:ensure that you will stand straight on the stage.正确答案： C9 、Which of the following is NOTincluded in the preparation outline?A:the title, specific purpose and central ideaB:the introduction, body and conclusionC:pauses and loudness of your voice正确答案： C10、 Why do we need to label the introduction, bodyand conclusion?A:Because this helps the outline look better.B:Because this marks each as a distinct part of the speech.C:Because this establishes your credibility.正确答案： B第四章1、Which of the following is NOT a reason for the speakerto use language clearly?A:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensiblebecause listeners cannot turn to a dictionary to discover their meaning.B:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners cannot reread an author ”s words to discover their meaning.C:A speaker ”s meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners are far from the speaker.正确答案： C2 、 What words can ensure that the ordinary listeners understand easily?A:short, old wordsB:big, bloated wordsC:technical terms正确答案： A3、Which statement is NOT correct about concrete words?A:Concrete words are words that you can see, feel, hear,smell, touch and taste.B: “Honesty, ”“pride,”and“patriotism”are concrete words.C:Concrete words refer to tangible objects-people,places, and things.正确答案： B4、What is NOT regarded as a way to achieve vividness inpublic speaking?A:ArticulationB:ImageryC:Rhythm正确答案： A5、Which of the following statement is NOT correct abouta good delivery?A:A good delivery combines a certain degree of formalitywith the best attributes of good conversation-directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness and a lively sense of communication.B:A good delivery is informal and resembles casual conversation.C:A good delivery should be direct, animated, livelyand expressive.正确答案： B6、The 3-step method to help organize an impromptu speech includes: 1) State the point you wish to make; 2) Support your point with evidence and reasoning and 3) .A:Summarize your pointB:Add humor to your conclusionC:Summarize your evidence正确答案： A7、Which of the following is NOTan advantages of speaking extemporaneously?A:It gives more precise control over thought and languagethan impromptu speaking.B:It offers greater spontaneity and directness than speaking from memory and reading from manuscript.C:It relieves the speaker of the burden of speaking in frontof a large audience.正确答案： C8、Which of the following graphs are usually used to compare proportions?A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.D:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： C9 、 Which of the following is not recommended when you prepare text slides?A:Choose a typeface that is simple and easy to read.B:Avoid a lot of different colors.C:Use all capital letters to emphasize a long sentence.D:Use a contrasting color or bold print to emphasize a word or phrase.正确答案： C10、____ show more clearly whether values are increasingor decreasing over time.A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.D:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： A第五章1、Whenyou want to inform your audience about the historyof Feminist Movement, you would most probably arrange it in ____ order.A:topicalB:problem-solutionC:causalD:chronological正确答案： D2 、 An informative speech aims to convey knowledge and understanding.A:TRUEB:FALSE正确答案： A3、The Greek philosopher______identifies three fundamental strategies for persuading an audience ：Ethos, Logos and Pathos.A:SocratesB:PlatoC:Aristotle正确答案： C4、 Questions of fact are based on whether a particulartopic is _.A:true or not trueB:right or wrongC:should or should not正确答案： A5、MoYan madea speech at the Nobel Banquet in the Stockholm City Hall to accept the Nobel Prize in 2012, and his speech is__A:a speech of introductionB:a speech of acceptanceC:a commemorative speechD:a speech of presentation正确答案： B6、Suppose Mo Yan, the Nobel laureate for Literature, isgoing to deliver a speech in your university. Then his speechis __A:an acceptance speechB:a speech of introductionC:a speech of presentationD:none of the above正确答案： D7 、The competitions that we have discussed in this chapter do NOT include __A:”FLTRP Cup” English Public Speaking ContestB: “21 Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition C:“Star of Outlook ” English Talent CompetitionD:National English Competition for College Students正确答案： D8、The online contest of“FLTRPCup”English Public Speaking Contest includes the following parts except __A:a 3-minute video of prepared speechB:response to questions through a video callC:role-playD:an online voting正确答案： C9 、 Who is NOT mentioned in this lecture as well-known debaters?A:Zhuge LiangB:ConfuciusC:Zhang Yi正确答案： B10 、From Socrates ” debate with his students,we know that _A:we should define what is good and what is evil according to different situations.B:good people never cheat others.C:we should not steal away our friend”s tool when he is committing suicide.正确答案： A。

大学学生会组织演讲比赛提案的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! I have a super cool idea for the upcoming speech contest for the university student council! So listen up and get ready to be blown away!First of all, I think we should have a theme for the contest. How about "Empowering Voices: Inspiring Change"? This theme is all about encouraging students to speak up and make a difference on campus.Next, we should have a variety of categories for the speeches. We can have categories like inspirational speeches, persuasive speeches, informative speeches, and even funny speeches! This way, everyone can showcase their unique speaking style and skills.To make the contest even more exciting, we can have prizes for the winners in each category. Maybe we can offer gift cards, trophies, or even a chance to speak at a student council meeting! This will motivate students to put their best foot forward and deliver their most amazing speeches.And last but not least, we should have a panel of judges who are experienced in public speaking and can provide constructive feedback to the contestants. This way, we can help students improve their speaking abilities and become even better communicators.Overall, I think this speech contest will be super fun and engaging for everyone involved. So let's make it happen and show everyone the power of student voices! Let's go, team student council!篇2Hi everyone,Today I want to talk about my proposal for a speech contest organized by the university student union. I think it would be super cool to have a competition where students can showcase their public speaking skills and share their ideas with the whole campus. Here are some ideas for how we could make it a fun and exciting event.First of all, we could have different categories for the speeches, like persuasive, informative, or even funny. This way, students could choose the type of speech that they feel most comfortable with and really show off their strengths. We couldalso have judges from different areas of campus life, like professors, student leaders, and even alumni, to give feedback and pick the winners.Another idea is to have a theme for the contest, like “making a difference” or “overcoming challenges.” This could really inspire students to think deeply about what they want to say and how they can connect with the audience. We could even have workshops and training sessions to help students prepare their speeches and improve their presentation skills.Finally, we could make the contest a big event on campus, with posters, social media promotion, and maybe even some prizes for the winners. This would make it a really exciting and motivating experience for everyone involved.I really hope you all like my idea for the speech contest, and I can’t wait to hear your feedback and suggestions. Let’s work together to make this event a huge success!Thanks for listening!篇3Hi everyone, my name is Lily and I'm here to talk to you about an exciting idea for our college's student union – a speech competition!So, how about we organize a speech competition for all the students in our college? It would be a great way for us to showcase our public speaking skills, share our ideas, and have some fun too! We can have different topics for each round, like "My Dreams and Aspirations", "The Importance of Community Service", or "How to Overcome Challenges".We can have students from different departments and years participate, which would give everyone a chance to shine. It would also be a great opportunity for us to learn from each other and hear different perspectives. Plus, the winners could receive some cool prizes like gift cards or certificates of achievement.I think this competition would not only be a lot of fun, but also help us build our confidence and improve our communication skills. It would be a great way to bring the student body together and create a stronger sense of community. And who knows, maybe we'll discover some hidden talents among our classmates!So, what do you all think? Are you excited about the idea of a speech competition? Let's make it happen and show everyonejust how awesome our college student union is! Thank you for listening!篇4Hey guys, listen up! I have a super cool idea for the upcoming university student union speech competition. Let's make it fun and exciting to bring some new vibes to our campus!First of all, we can have a theme for the competition like "Empowering Voices" or "Shaping the Future". It will give us a direction and make the speeches more focused and meaningful.Next, we can have different categories for the competition, such as persuasive speech, informative speech, and impromptu speech. This way, everyone can choose a category that they are comfortable with and show off their speaking skills.To make it even more interesting, we can have a panel of judges from different backgrounds like teachers, students, and professionals. This will ensure a fair and diverse evaluation of the speeches.And how about adding some fun elements to the competition, like a talent show or a debate round? It will definitely spice up the event and keep the audience engaged.Finally, let's have some awesome prizes for the winners, like scholarships, vouchers, or even an internship opportunity. This will motivate everyone to do their best and make the competition more competitive.So, what do you guys think? Let's make this year's student union speech competition the most epic one yet! Let's empower our voices and shape the future together!篇5Hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you all about a super cool idea I have for our college student union: organizing a speech contest! I think it would be so much fun and a great way for us to show off our speaking skills and creativity.First of all, we can have different categories for the contest, like persuasive speeches, informative speeches, and even impromptu speeches. This way, everyone can participate and showcase their unique talents. We can also have prizes for the winners, like gift cards or even a trophy. That would make it even more exciting!Next, we could invite some special guests to be the judges. Maybe we could ask some of our teachers or even local community leaders to come and listen to our speeches. It wouldbe a great opportunity for us to get feedback from professionals and improve our public speaking skills.I also think it would be fun to have a theme for the contest. We could choose something like “The Power of Words” or “Making a Difference” to inspire us to come up with creative and impactful speeches. And of course, we can have some snacks and drinks at the event to keep us energized and motivated.Overall, I think a speech contest would be a fantastic way for us to come together as a community, support each other, and have a lot of fun. So what do you say, guys? Are you in? Let's make this happen and show everyone what we've got! Thank you for listening!篇6Hey guys, I have a super cool idea for our university student council – how about organizing a public speaking competition? You know, like where students can show off their speaking skills and confidence in front of a crowd. It will be so much fun!First, we can have different categories for the competition, like persuasive speeches, informative speeches, and even impromptu speeches. This way, everyone can participate in a category that they feel comfortable with. And we can havejudges to give feedback and pick the winners – maybe even have prizes for the best speakers!We can also have workshops and training sessions to help students prepare for the competition. We can invite guest speakers to share their tips and tricks for public speaking, and offer coaching sessions to help students improve their skills. It will be a great opportunity for everyone to learn and grow.And of course, we can invite students from other universities to join the competition too. It will be a great way to meet new friends and showcase our university's talent. Plus, it will be super exciting to see how we stack up against other schools!So what do you guys think? I think a public speaking competition would be a fantastic addition to our student council events. Let's make it happen and show everyone how awesome our university is!。

第一章测试1.Demonstrative speeches are similar to informative speeches but informativespeeches normally do not include actual demonstrations.A:对B:错答案:A2.The proper idea for demonstrative speech is（）A:My Favorite Misheard Song Lyric?B:Karate techniquesC:What is the average salary in different countries and what causes thedifference?D:Should there be stronger limits on immigration?答案:B3.Entertaining speeches are informal and usually very short; they are speechesthat provide a lot of enjoyment and pleasure for the audience.A:对B:错答案:A4.The TED speech “When do kids start to care about other people’s opinion?”belongs to ( ).A:Informative SpeechB:Debate SpeechC:Oratorical SpeechD:Entertaining Speech答案:A5.The TED speech “Why noise is bad for you and what you can do about it”shows that solid facts such as research and statistics are ineffective toperusade listens.A:对B:错答案:B第二章测试1.以下两单词foot food中，oo的发音相同。

A brief stylistic analysis of “Gettysburg address”delivered by Abraham LincolnI. INTRODUCTIONThe Gettysburg Address is a speech by Abraham Lincoln and is one of the best known speeches in United States history. It was delivered by Linc oln at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pe nnsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, during the American Civil War; four and a half months after the Union armies defeat ed those of the Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Gettysburg. Abraha m Lincoln's carefully crafted address, secondary to other presentations th at day, came to be regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American hi story. In just over two minutes, Lincoln invoked the principles of human e quality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and redefined the Ci vil War as a struggle not merely for the Union, as "a new birth of freedom " that would bring true equality to all of its citizens, and that would also c reate a unified nation in which states' rights were no longer dominant. Public speech is the process of speech to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. There are mainly three types of speeches for people to address--- informative speech, Persuasive Speeches and Ceremonial Speeches.Informative speech: The purpose of an informative speech is to teachthe audience a small but useful tidbit of information. If your speech is a success, the audience will walk away with some new knowledge. Persuasive Speeches: The purpose is a persuasive speech is to change people's minds or behavior about something. This is a very difficult thing to do. For a persuasive speech to be truly effective, it's not enough to simply present your arguments in an eloquent way. You need to actually get the audience to change their minds.Ceremonial Speeches: A ceremonial speech is one that is given to mark an important occasion in someone's life, such as a graduation speech, a wedding toast, or a eulogy at a funeral. These speeches can be both emotionally moving and fun.To analyze a text from the scope of stylistics, first we must know the definition of the stylistics and stylistic analysis. As for linguistics, many definitions are given by many linguists. The most general one is that stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levers. For stylistic analysis, it is generally concerned with the uniqueness of the language. The procedure of stylistic analysis is often sequenced in three steps: 1)linguistic description, 2) textual analysis, and 3）contextual factors analysis.Stylistic analysis is a very important method to appreciate thespeech. My paper will focus on the stylistic analysis of the “Gettysburg address”delivered by Lincoln. This address today is considered one of the most famous speeches in American history. Through stylistic analysis, we can well appreciate American presidents’speeches and learn a lot from the words and sentences employed in the speeches. My stylistic analysis of this speech will be conducted from three aspects: linguistic description, which includes graphological level, phonological level, lexical level, syntactic level, and semantic level; textual analysis, which will be analyzed in terms of lexical cohesion, grammatical cohesion and logical cohesion; contextual factors analysis, in which field of discourse, tenor of discourse and mode of discourse will be discussed.II.LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTIONi. Graphological featuresGraphology is the study of the writing system of a language. Graphological level is the expression or realization of language in its written form. Paragraphing refers to the way in which a text is divided into paragraphs. It is a device to reveal the relational structure in a text, the organization of the content. That the speech is composed of 3 paragraphs containing 10 sentences is one conspicuous graphological marker. There two short paragraphs and one long paragraph, of which short paragraphs describe the experiences of the ancestors and the situation they now face, and the long paragraph are the appeals anddeterminations of the president. With respect to punctuations, commas and periods are prevailing ones. But in the last paragraph, the dashes are frequently use. Dashes can be used to set off strongly parenthetical expressions. For example, the sentence “But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate-- we cannot consecrate-- we cannot hallow-- this ground.” can explain this. And also dashes are employed to set off summary or long appositives. For example, “It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth..”ii. Semantic featuresIn order to achieve a good result, public speeches are usually well prepared in written form in advance. This makes it possible for the speaker to employ figurative languages, which can effectively engage the audience. The semantic effect is mainly achieved by the employment of different kinds of figures of speech.Rhetoric devices are employed in most public speeches. Many speeches use parallelism and antithesis to make langue be with the rhythm of music. In this speech, antithesis is employed. For example,“The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.”Parallelism is another syntactic over-regularity. It means exact repetition in equivalent positions. Parallelism is frequently used in this speech. For instance, “It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”In his speech, Lincoln uses parallelism to create a strong rhythm to help the audience line up his ideas. All this can achieve effective functions. Lincoln applies antithesis and parallelism to make his speech more natural, grand and magnificent and influential. Metaphor refers to the use of words to indicate something different from their literal meaning. Metaphor has traditionally been viewed as the most important form of figurative language use, and is usually seen as reaching its most sophisticated forms in literary or poetic language. Metaphors allow us to understand one domain of experience in terms of another. Metaphor is used, for instance, “our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived inliberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”This metaphor depicts the born of baby instead of the formation of country, insinuating that this country is with life like human beings and now it is just a child being in growth and learning. And it needs protection either. Personification is also can be found in the text. For example,“The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” From this we can see that this speech is very vivid. In the speech, repetition is employed. The sentence “And that government of the people, by t he people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” can be used to illustrated this, making the speech full of rhythm and more persuasive.This repetition helps to achieve the function of coherence in discourse and the function of reinforcemen t in mood and emotion, expressing the speaker’s strong emotion of longing for freedom and justice.iii. Phonological featuresPhonological devices play a very important role in public speeches, since they are delivered orally. Therefore skillful use and control of voice, pitch, pause, tempo, and the employment of various phonetic figures of speech.So we can’t ignore the phonological features of speeches.In Lincoln’s “Gettysburg address”, we can see that In the beginning, “Fourscore and seven years ago” r eplaces eighty-seven years ago is the ingenuity of Lincoln that “four score” has two long vowels [o:] which isresounding and well known by people, and can draw audience’s attention effectively.Except this, we can also see amounts of vocabulary with resounding vowels, such as fourscore，now，that nation，any，that nation might live，cannot，tally did，nobly，great，before，God，new birth，of，by，for，perish and so on. All of the lexis enhance volume and make listeners catch the point of the speech easily.iv. Lexical featuresGenerally speaking, a public speech possesses double traits of expression: it is formal as is required of written language, and it is yet not difficult to understand at the time of delivery as is require of the spoken mode. But this speech is far from an easy one. Word is the basic grammar unit. Different styles require using different words. Meanwhile the different stylistic colorings of the words also determine their different applicable scope. Here we would analyze Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address from two aspects in the lexical level. This speech consists of 271 words, of which 53 big words containing more than six letters are employed. So the percentage of the big words is about 19.6%. There are totally ten sentences. So relatively, the public speeches use more formal words and their word structure is more complex. The fog dex is about 18.7, which is much more than 10, so the speech is not an easy. There are also many emotional words used in this speech which bring a powerful feeling of unite. For example, in the initial segment, “our fathers broughtforth on this continent a new nation”, Lincoln call ancestors as fathers to show his reverence, meanwhile draw the attention of audience. First person pronouns such as “I”, “we”, “our” ,“us” are mainly used in the speech, which shows that the speaker unconsciously stand at the side of the audience, making the speaker more trustful. Lincoln involves all the audience and makes them feel that they are the ones whom he is speaking to. In this speech, he changes personal pronoun from time to time. By the conversion of personal pronouns, he manages to make the speech flexible and rousing. Lincoln used many formal polysyllabic hard words for evaluation, such as conceived, dedicate, proposition, consecrate and so on. Hard words are used to make the speech difficult, but more precise and formal. Such dynamic words as conceived, dedicated created engaged are mainly used to describe the experience and appeal to American people to shoulder their responsibility. Nouns in the speech are abstract. For example, proposition, power, devotion, freedom and so on. All these abstract nouns can make the speech appealing and the speaker trustworthy.v. Syntactic featuresAs far as sentence type is concerned, the most public speeches, we can find that almost all the sentences are major sentences. The length of sentence depends on the style type of the text. In Lincoln’s speech, there are 10 sentences, all of which are long sentences. The first paragraph onlycontains one sentence, and the last sentence consists of 82 words. This makes the speech a little difficult. In this speech, composite sentences are very common, while simple sentences just account for a little part. A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Of the 10 sentences, most are complex sentences. For example,“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, sh all not perish from the earth.”As for word order, Lincoln also employed the inverted sentences to make his speech more comprehensible. For example, the first sentence “Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” Tenses used in public speeches are complicated. Generally speaking, the simple present tense, the simple past tense, the future indefinite tense, and the present perfect tense are the most commonly used tense in public speeches. This speech employs simple past tense to describe the experience of the past and the simple present tense to inspire the audience.III. TEXTUAL ANALYSISA text is any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that forms a united whole. We can analyze the speech from two aspects in terms of textual analysis: lexical cohesion, and logical cohesion. For lexical cohesion, according to Halliday and Hasan , English lexical cohesive ties fall into two categories: reiteration and collocation. Reiteration is frequently used in this speech. Reiteration can take the following four terms: repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and meronymy, of which repetition and synonymy are employed. For example, the verbs in “But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate-- we cannot consecrate-- we cannot hallow-- this ground.”are synonyms and the sentence style is repeated. This kind of writing makes the speech more inspiring, leading the whole speech more coherent. With respect to logical cohesion, logical cohesion is very important. The sentences of this speech are well organized. There are totally 10 sentences in this speech. They are coordinate or subordinate. For example, “It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth offreedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the peo ple, shall not perish from the earth.”These two sentences are coordinate. This speech achieves the cohesion by using the coordination and subordination.Generally speaking, sentence is often seemed as the orderly arrangement of words. Based on the above analyses, we can deduce that Lincoln’s speech has its own feature in syntactical level.IV. CONTEXTUAL ANALYSISContext refers to all elements of a communicative situation: the verbal and nonverbal context, the context of a given speech situation and the social context of the relationship between the speaker and hearer, their knowledge, and their attitude. According to functional stylistics, contextual factors include the following aspects:Field of discourse: it refers to what is going on: to the area of operation of the language activity. It concerned with the purpose and subject-matter of communication. It answers the question of “why”and “about what”communication takes place. In terms of field of discourse, this speech is the political speech.Tenor of discourse: it refers to the role of relationship in the situation. It answers the question of “to whom” the speaker is communicating. This dimension determines the level of the formality and the level of technicality of the language we use. In terms of tenor of discourse, thisspeech is relationship between the president and the audience at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg.Mode of discourse: it mainly refers to the means of communication. It is concerned with “how”the communication is carried out. In terms of mode of discourse, this speech is oral.V. CONCLUSIONThe Gettysburg Address analyzed in ways of linguistic description in terms of the phonological level, the lexical level, the syntactical level and the semantic level, textual analysis, and contextual analysis, from which a deeper understanding of this public speech is achieved. To sum up, from the graphological level, we find that dashes are frequently used and there are only three paragraphs in the speech, which indicates that this speech is concise and very persuasive. From semantic level, a lot of figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, and antithesis are employed. This makes the speech more vivid and more inspiring. From the phonological level, long vowels are used. All of the lexis enhance volume and make listeners catch the point of the speech easily. From the syntactic level, we can conclude that complex and major sentences are used, which makes the speech more serious and formal, corresponding to the very situation at that time. With respect to textual analysis, the speech is well organized, making the speaker more trustworthy and respectable. In terms of the contextual analysis, the speech is analyzed from three aspects,which makes the speech more understandable. In short, the Gettysburg Address of Abraham Lincoln shows his distinct style and speaks out the inner voice of American in that crucial period. Furthermore, our stylistic analysis of this speech can help us well appreciate American presidents’ speech and enhance our presentation skills in daily life.The analysis above roughly touches some observable stylistic features of this speech. But considering the fact that I have learned the stylistics for only a few months and that the analysis is based on my own observation, we know that my analysis is far from being exhaustive.。

智慧树知到《英语演讲与辩论》章节测试答案第一章1、Which of the following is NOT one of the great English speakers in the history of the last one hundred years ？A:Winston Churchil.B:Adam Smith.C:Martin Luther King.正确答案：Adam Smith.2、To draw audience ' s attention, a good speaker always shows ___ to/for his/her speech.A:indifferenceB:passionC:a craze正确答案：passion3、What channel did Winston Churchill employ when making speech during the Second World War?A:Radio.B:Television.C:Internet.正确答案：Radio.4、Without the nutritious base of , a good speech is impossible to occur.A:critical thinkingB:cultureC:Logic正确答案：culture5、Cicero, the greatest speech maker in ancient Rome, felt ___ when making a speech. A:easyB:confidentC:nervous正确答案：nervous6、According to a professional speech consultant, ___ can reduce stage fright by up to 75 percent.A:rich experienceB:preparationC:confidence正确答案：preparation7、Mr. Roosevelt was a very ethical speaker because .A:he was paralyzedB:he gave speechC:he managed to stand up and made a speech for his country正确答案：he managed to stand up and made a speech for his country8、To get the attention and interest of the audience, you can take the following methods except _____ .A:posing a questionB:telling a storyC:making a long statement正确答案：making a long statement9、We can present the main points by employing the following orders except ___.A:chronological orderB:topical orderC:alphabetical order正确答案：alphabetical order10、The right postures of making a speech include the following except .A:planting your feet widelyB:hanging your arms loosely by your sideC:looking over your audience and smiling正确答案：planting your feet widely第二章1、If you have served as a volunteer teacher, probably you can talk about .A:your love for musicB:your experience of being a volunteer teacherC:your findings during the travel正确答案：your experience of being a volunteer teacher2、Which of the following is NOTo ne of the three general purposes of public speech? A:To inform.B:To persuade.C:To criticize.正确答案：To criticize.3、It 's important to prevent your purpose from .A:being generalB:being clearC:being specific正确答案：being general4、Without an eye to observe and a mind to do real thinking, you cannot find the most suitable topic. ___A:TrueB:False正确答案：True5、“To impose legal measures and moral criticism on domestic violence ” is no more instructive than “domestic violence ”. ___A:TrueB:False正确答案：False6、Many experienced sp eakers consider _ “ the very life of speeches ”A:examplesB:statisticsC:testimony正确答案：examples7、___ is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation.A:A hypothetical exampleB:An extended exampleC:A brief example正确答案： A hypothetical example8、Lord Kelvin once said “When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in ___, you know something about it. ”A:examplesB:numbersC:testimony正确答案：numbers9、Which of the following sources may not be considered reliable orwhen trustworthy a speaker cites statistics from them?A:government websitesB:personal blogsC:academic institutions正确答案：personal blogs10、In your speech you include the statement made by a top student in your class to illustrate the importance of study habits, this kind of testimony is calledA:expert testimonyB:peer testimonyC:celebrity testimony正确答案：peer testimony第三章1、A good speaker always organizes his speech in a/an _ way so that the audience can follow his ideas from beginning to end.A:randomB:orderlyC:emotional正确答案： B2、Chronological order is a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a _ pattern.A:spatialB:topicalC:time正确答案： C3 、Comparatively speaking, the solution part is _ the problem part in problem-solution order.A:less important thanB:as important asC:more important than正确答案： C4、According to the lecture, which of the following might NOT be the effect of insufficient sleep?A:Increased mistakesB:IrritabilityC:Optimism正确答案： C5、A good beginning _.A:prepares listeners for what is to comeB:doesn ' t tell listeners the main ide a of thespeechC:contributes little to the effect of the whole speech 正确答案： A 6、A good conclusion _.A:continues to discuss on the topic with presenting more pointsB:alerts listeners that the speech is going to endC:ends the speech abruptly 正确答案： B7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A:People all enjoy stories.B:Stories are attractive if they are provocative, amusing, dramatic or C:Stories may not be relevant to the topic if they are very interesting 正确答案： C8、An outline can help you do the following EXCEPT .A:group your ideas into main points and see their logical connections. B:ensure that ideas flow from one to another.C:ensure that you will stand straight on the stage. 正确答案： C9、Which of the following is NOT included in the preparation outline? A:the title, specific purpose and central ideaB:the introduction, body and conclusionC:pauses and loudness of your voice suspenseful .and funny.正确答案：C正确答案： B10、 Why do we need to label the introduction, body and conclusion?A:Because this helps the outline look better.B:Because this marks each as a distinct part of the speech.C:Because this establishes your credibility.正确答案： B第四章1、 Which of the following is NOT a reason for the speaker to use language clearly? A:A speaker 's meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners turn to a dictionary to discover their meaning.B:A speaker 's meaning must be immediately compreh ensible because listeners reread an author ' s words to discover their meaning.C:A speaker 's meaning must be immediately comprehensible because listeners from the speaker. 正确答案： C2、 What words can ensure that the ordinary listeners understand easily?A:short, old wordsB:big, bloated wordsC:technical terms正确答案： A3、 Which statement is NOT correct about concrete words?A:Concrete words are words that you can see, feel, hear, smell, touch and taste. B: “Honesty, ” “pride, ” and “patriotism ” are concrete words.C:Concrete words refer to tangible objects — people, places, and things.4、 What is NOT regarded as a way to achieve vividness in public speaking?A:Articulationcannot cannot are farB:ImageryC:Rhythm正确答案： A5、Which of the following statement is NOT correct about a good delivery?A:A good delivery combines a certain degree of formality with the best attributesof good conversation —directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness and a lively sense of communication.B:A good delivery is informal and resembles casual conversation.C:A good delivery should be direct, animated, lively and expressive.正确答案： B6、The 3-step method to help organize an impromptu speech includes: 1) State the point you wish to make; 2) Support your point with evidence and reasoning and 3) .A:Summarize your pointB:Add humor to your conclusionC:Summarize your evidence正确答案： A7、Which of the following is NOT an advantages of speaking extemporaneously?A:It gives more precise control over thought and language than impromptu speaking.B:It offers greater spontaneity and directness than speaking from memory and reading from manuscript.C:It relieves the speaker of the burden of speaking in front of a large audience.8、Which of the following graphs are usually used to compare proportions?A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.正确答案：CD:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： C9、Which of the following is not recommended when you prepare text slides?A:Choose a typeface that is simple and easy to read.B:Avoid a lot of different colors.C:Use all capital letters to emphasize a long sentence.D:Use a contrasting color or bold print to emphasize a word or phrase. 正确答案： C10、 __ show more clearly whether values are increasing or decreasing over time.A:Line graphs.B:Bar graphs.C:Pie graphs.D:Pictorial graphs.正确答案： A第五章1、When you want to inform your audience about the history of Feminist Movement, you would most probably arrange it in order.A:topicalB:problem-solutionC:causalD:chronological正确答案： D2、An informative speech aims to convey knowledge and understanding.A:TRUEB:FALSE正确答案： A3、The Greek philosopher _______ identifies three fundamental strategiesfor persuading an audience ：Ethos, Logos and Pathos.A:SocratesB:PlatoC:Aristotle正确答案： C4、Questions of fact are based on whether a particular topic is _.A:true or not trueB:right or wrongC:should or should not正确答案： A5、Mo Yan made a speech at the Nobel Banquet in the Stockholm City Hall to accept the Nobel Prize in 2012, and his speech is __A:a speech of introductionB:a speech of acceptanceC:a commemorative speechD:a speech of presentation正确答案： B6、Suppose Mo Yan, the Nobel laureate for Literature, is going in your university. Then his speech is __A:an acceptance speechB:a speech of introductionC:a speech of presentationD:none of the above正确答案： D7、The competitions that we have discussed in this chapter do NOT includeA: ”FLTRP Cup” English Public Speaking C ontestB:“21 Century Cup ” National English Speaking Competition C:“Star of Outlook ” English Talent CompetitionD:National English Competition for College Students正确答案： D8、The online contest of “FLTRP Cup” English Public Speaking following parts except __A:a 3-minute video of prepared speechB:response to questions through a video callC:role-playD:an online votingto deliver a speech Contest includes the正确答案：C9、Who is NOT mentioned in this lecture as well-known debaters?A:Zhuge LiangB:ConfuciusC:Zhang Yi正确答案： B10、From Socrates ' debate with his students, we know that _situations. A:we should define what is good and what is evil according to differentB:good people never cheat others.C:we should not st eal away our friend ' s tool when he is committing suicide.。