2016GRE阅读机经----经典反复重现题整理(附答案)

GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子想必大家在备考gre考试的时候，最喜欢的就是吸取新鲜的考试真题，这样对自己的能力也是一个考验，最能检验自己目前的能力在什么水平，今天小编为大家带来的就是GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子!GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子雄性动物养孩子The main exception to primate researchers’ general pattern of ignoring interactions between males and infants has been the study of male care among monogamous primates. It has been known for over 200 years, ever since a zoologist-illustrator named George Edwards decided to watch the behavior of pet marmosets in a London garden, that among certain species of New World monkeys males contributed direct care for infants that equaled or exceeded that given by females. Mothers among marmosets and tamarins typically give birth to twins, as often as twice a year, and to ease the female in her staggering reproductive burden the male carries the infant at all times except when the mother is actually suckling it. It was assumed by Kleiman that monogamy and male confidence of paternity were essential to the evolution of such care, and at the same time, it was assumed by Symons and others that monogamy among primates must be fairly rare.Recent findings, however, make it necessary to reverse this picture. First of all, monogamy among primates turns out to be rather more frequent than previously believed (either obligate or facultive monogamy can be documented for some 17-20 percent of extant primates) and second, male care turns out to be far more extensive than previously thought and notnecessarily confined to monogamous species, according to Hrdy. Whereas previously, it was assumed that monogamy and male certainty of paternity facilitated the evolution of male care, it now seems appropriate to consider the alternative possibility, whether the extraordinary capacity of male primates to look out for the fates of infants did not in some way pre-adapt members of this order for the sort of close, long-term relationships between males and females that, under some ecological circumstances, leads to monogamy! Either scenario could be true. The point is that on the basis of present knowledge there is no reason to view male care as a restricted or specialized phenomenon. In sum, though it remains true that mothers among virtually all primates devote more time and/or energy to rearing infants than do males, males nonetheless play a more varied and critical role in infant survival than is generally realized.1. The author of the passage mentions the work of Hrdy primarily toA. present an instance of an untenable assumptionB. illustrate a consensus by citing a representative claimC. provide evidence that challenges a beliefD. highlight a corollary of a widespread viewE. offer data that help resolve a debate2. According to the passage, the evolutionary relationship between male care and monogamy isA. incontestableB. immutableC. uncommonD. immaterialE. uncertain3. The author of the passage suggests that it is “appropriateto consider the alternative possibility” because the previous viewA. results in a contradictionB. depends on problematic dataC. appears less definite given certain factsD. conflates two distinct phenomenaE. overlooks a causal relationship between correlated phenomena4. Which of the following statements, if true, would pose the grea test challenge to “the alternative possibility”?A. The number of primate species in which male care of infants is exhibited is greater than the number of primate species that practice monogamy.B. Male care of infants among primates can be seen earlier in the evolutionary record than can monogamy among primates.C. Monogamous relationships among primates can be found in species living in a variety of physical environments.D. Most primate species that practice monogamy do not show any evidence of male care of infants.E. Male care of infants can be observed in some primate species that lack male confidence of paternity.答案：CECAGRE阅读容易被你所忽视的三类词汇perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激elaborate v.&adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲appropriate v. 拨给(资金)，盗用/ adj.合适的strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧article n. 物品，商品intrigue v.&n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设bark n. 树皮;犬吠bill n.议案，法案;鸟嘴;账单champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军aging n.老化，陈酿complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的concern n. 公司(垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译)attribute v.&n 归因于;特征，属性default n.&v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认(值)drill vt. 钻(孔);训练，操练exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地fairly adv. 相当地，公平地game n. 猎物，野味fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的alternate v.&adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的alternating adj.交互的，交替的alternative n.&adj. 可供选择的方案(option);选择性的(optional) GRE阅读如何把握作者写作态度有利于解题1.社会现象.作者反对将社会现象拔高到阶级、政治、意识形态或超人性的高度，反对各种左派思想、革命主张和马克思主义。

阅读 本次考试阅读部分笔者并没遇到原题。

但直观感受，阅读难度相对填空略简单⼀点，⽂章好理解，题⽬也不会让⼈纠结。

逻辑单题： 1. ⼈们在A⼭林和B⼭林放⽕清除树⽊来获得耕地。

⽆⼈机拍到⼲旱时期A的⽕情⽐B更严重。

但是数据显⽰A的树⽊减少并不⽐B多。

问题：以下哪个可以解释数据的原因 参考答案：农民在A放⽕的区域树⽊并不多 2. 某地区的陶艺兴起可能是因为当地的农业变差。

他们做了很好⼯艺的陶器，数量也远超出正常⽣活所需。

但是研究发现他们附近地区的农业⼟壤条件⽐他们还差，这就给陶艺兴起的原因打了个问号。

问题：以下哪个可以加强农业差这个原因 参考答案：附近地区⼟壤条件是后来才变差的，以前那个时期很好。

短阅读： 对某作家的⽂学评论不能简单归类，因为她不仅受了surrealistic影响，还因为移民去了墨西哥，受到那⾥⼀些信仰的影响。

要评论她需要从地理的⾓度去进⾏。

题⽬：为什么要⽤地理⾓度的⽅法去评论她 参考答案：因为对原有⽅法不满意;这是了解她⼼路历程的⽅法 2016年12⽉4⽇GRE真题回忆阅读部分(友版) 短阅读1： Although vastly popular during its time, much nineteenth-century women’s fiction in the United States went unread by the twentieth-century educated elite, who were taught to ignore it as didactic. However, American literature has a tradition of didacticism going back to its Puritan roots, shifting over time from sermons and poetic transcripts into novels, which proved to be perfect vehicles for conveying social values. In the nineteenth century, critics reviled Poe for neglecting to conclude his stories with pithy moral tags, while Longfellow was canonized for his didactic verse.Although rhetorical changes favoring the anti-didactic can be detected as nineteenth-century American transformed itself into a secular society, it was twentieth-century criticism, which placed aesthetic value above everything else, that had no place in its doctrine for the didacticism of others. 短阅读2： In the early twentieth century, small magazines and the innovative graphics used on them created the face of the avant-guard. It was a look that signaled progressive ideas and unconventionality because it dispensed with the cardinal rule of graphic design: to take an idea and make it visually clear, concise, and instantly understood. Instead, graphics produced by avant-guard artists exclusively for the avant-guard (as opposed to their advertising work) were usually difficult to decipher, ambiguous, or nonsensical. This overturning of convention, this assailing of standard graphic and typographic formats, was part of a search for intellectual freedom. The impulse toward liberation enabled avant-guardists to see with fresh eyes untried possibilities for arranging and relating words and images on paper. 短阅读3： An alarming number of Mediterranean monk seals, an endangered species, have recently died. Postmortem analysis showed the presence of an as yet unidentified virus, as well as evidence of a known bacterial toxin. Seawater samples from the area where the seals died did contain unusually high concentrations of the toxic bacterium. Therefore, although both viruses and bacterial toxins can kill seals, it is more likely that these deaths were the result of the bacterial toxin. Which of the following, if true, provides additional evidence to support the conclusion? A：Viruses are much more difficult to identify in postmortem analysis than bacteria are. B：Mediterranean monk seals are the only species of seal in the area where the bacterium was found. C：The bacterium is almost always present in the water in at least small concentrations. D：Nearly all the recent deaths were among adult seals, but young seals are far more susceptible to viruses than are adult seals. E：Several years ago, a large number of monk seals died in the same area as a result of exposure to a different bacterial toxin. 长阅读1： Massive projectiles striking much larger bodies create various kinds of craters, including “multi-ring basins”—the largest geologic features observed on planets and moons. In such collisions, the impactor is completely destroyed and its material is incorporated into the larger body. Collisions between bodies of comparable size, on the other hand, have very different consequences: one or both bodies might be entirely smashed, with mass from one or both the bodies redistributed among new objects formed from the fragments. Such a titanic collision between Earth and a Mars-size impactor may have given rise to Earth’s Moon. The Earth-moon system has always been perplexing. Earth is the only one of the inner planets with a large satellite, the orbit of which is neither in the equatorial plane of Earth nor in the plane in which the other planets lie. The Moon’s mean density is much lower than that of Earth but is about the same as that of Earth’s mantle. This similarity in density has long prompted speculation that the Moon split away from a rapidly rotating Earth, but this idea founders on two observations. In order to spin off the Moon, Earth would have had to rotate so fast that a day would have lasted less than three hours. Science offers no plausible explanation of how it could have slowed to its current rotational rate from that speed. Moreover, the Moon’s composition, though similar to that of Earth’s mantle, is not a precise match. Theorizing a titanic collision eliminatespostulating a too-rapidly spinning Earth and accounts for the Moon’s peculiar composition. In a titanic collision model, the bulk of the Moon would have formed from a combination of material from the impactor and Earth’s mantle. Most of the earthly component would have been in the form of melted or vaporized matter. The difficulty inrecondensing this vapor in Earth’s orbit, and its subsequent loss to the vacuum of outer space, might account for the observed absence in lunar rocks of certain readily vaporized compounds and elements. Unusual features of some other planets might also be explained by such impacts. Mercury is known to have a high density in comparison with other rocky planets. A titanic impact could have stripped away a portion of its rocky mantle, leaving behind a metallic core whose density is out of proportion with the original ratio of rock to metal. A massive, glancing blow to Venus might have given it its anomalously slow spin and reversed direction of rotation. Such conjectures are tempting, but, since no early planet was immune to titanic impacts, they could be used indiscriminately to explain away in a cavalier fashion every unusual planetary characteristic. Still, we may now be beginning to discern the true role of titanic impacts in planetary history. 长阅读2：下⾯这篇⽂章为⾼频阅读，⼏乎每天都考到!! Jane Austen’s relationship to Romanticism has long been a vexed one. Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period, she traditionally has been studied apart from the male poets whose work defined British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century. In the past her novels were thought to follow an Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos. Even with the advent of historicist and feminist criticism, which challenged many previous characterizations of Austen as detached from the major social, political, and aesthetic currents of her time, she continued to be distinguished from her male contemporaries. Jerome McCann, for example, insists that Austen does not espouse the Romantic ideology. Anne Mellor declares that Austen, along with other “leading women intellectual and writers of the day”“did not,” participate in the Romantic “spirit of the age” but instead embraced an alternative ideology that Mellor labels “feminine Romanticism”. To be sure, some critics throughout the years have argued for Austen’s affinities with one or more of the male Romantic poets. A special issue of the Wordsworth Circle (Autumn 1976) was devoted to exploring connections between Austen and her male contemporaries. Clifford Siskin in his historicist study of Romanticism argued that Austen does participate in the same major innovation, the naturalization of belief in a developing self, as characterizes Wordsworth’s poetry and other key works from the period. Recently, three books have appeared (by Clara Tuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that in various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writer and together signal a shift in the tendency to segregate the major novelist of the age from the major poets. The present essay seeks to contribute to this goal of firmly integrating Austen within the Romantic movement and canon. It does so by pointing out affinities between Austen and a writer with whom she has not commonly been associated, John Keats. Most comparisons of Austen and the Romantic poets have focused on Wordsworth and Byron, whose works we know she read. Although Austen could not have read Keats’s poems, which only began to appear in print during the last years of her life, and there is no evidence that Keats knew Austen’s novels, a number of important similarities can be noted in these writers’ works that provide further evidence to link Austen with the Romantic movement, especially the period of second-generation Romanticism when all of her novels were published.。

1. 短阅读(精讲精炼Mock 4 section2) Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethylsulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form. 9. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean? A. The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases. B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases. C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished. D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean. E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients. 10. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global climate control system proposed by Lovelock? A. A fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside. B. A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system. C. An insulating blanket that retains heat. D. A filter used to purify water. E. A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room. 11. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most likely in order to A. provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage B. suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated C. acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation D. demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way E. assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production 2. 长阅读(直通车Part IV: Long passages passage 4) “Blues is for singing,” writes folk musicologist Paul Oliver, and “is not a form of folk song that stands up particularly well when written down.” A poet who wants to write blues can attempt to avoid this problem by poeticizing the form—but literary blues tend to read like bad poetry rather than like refined folk song. For Oliver, the true spirit of the blues inevitably eludes the self-conscious imitator. However, Langston Hughes, the first writer to grapple with these difficulties of blue poetry, in fact succeeded in producing poems that capture the quality of genuine, performed blues while remaining effective as poems. In inventing blues poetry, Hughes solved two problems: first, how to write blues lyrics in such a way that they work on the printed page, and second, how to exploit the blues form poetically without losing all sense of authenticity. There are many styles of blues, but the distinction of importance to Hughes is between the genres referred to as “folk blues” and “classic blues.” Folk blues and classic blues are distinguished from one another by differences in performers (local talents versus touring professionals), patronage (local community versus mass audience), creation (improvised versus composed), and transmission (oralversus written). It has been a commonplace among critics that Hughes adopted the classic blues as the primary model for his blues poetry, and that he writes his best blues poetry when he tries least to imitate the folk blues. In this view, Hughes’ attempts to imitate the folk blues are too self-conscious, too determined to romanticize the African American experience, too intent on reproducing what he takes to be the quaint humor and naïve simplicity of the folk blues to be successful. But a more realistic view is that by conveying his perceptions as a folk artist ought to—through an accumulation of details over the span of his blues oeuvre, rather than by overloading each poem with quaintness and naivety–Hughes made his most important contributions to the genre. His blues poems are in fact closer stylistically to the folk blues on which he modeled them than to the cultivated classic blues. Arnold Rampersad has observed that virtually all of the poems in the 1927 collection in which Hughes essentially originated blues poetry fall deliberatively within the “range of utterance” of common folk. This surely applies to “Young Gal’s Blues,” in which Hughes avoids the conventionally “poetic” language and images that the subjects of death and love sometimes elicit in his ordinary lyric poetry. To see what Hughes’ blues poetry might have been like if he had truly adopted the classic blues as his model, one need only look to “Golden Brown Blues,” a song lyric Hughes wrote for composer W.C. Handy. Its images, allusions, and diction are conspicuously remote from the common“range of utterance.” 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to A. describe the influence of folk and classic blues on blues poetry B. analyze the effect of African American culture on blues poetry C. demonstrate that the language used in Hughes’ blues poetry is colloquial D. defend Hughes’ blues poetry against criticism that it is derivative E. refute an accepted view of Hughes’ blues poetry style 2. The author of the passage uses the highlighted quotation primarily to A. indicate how blues poetry should be performed B. highlight the difficulties faced by writers of blues poetry C. support the idea that blues poetry is a genre doomed to fail D. illustrate the obstacles that blues poetry is unable to overcome E. suggest that written forms of blues are less authentic than sung blues 3. It can be inferred from the passage that, as compared with the language of “Golden Brown Blues,” the language of “Young Gal’s Blues” is A. more colloquial B. more melodious C. marked by more allusions D. characterized by more conventional imagery E. more typical of classic blues song lyrics 4. According to the passage, Hughes’ blues poetry and classic blues are similar in which of the following ways? A. Both are improvised B. Both are written down C. Both are intended for the same audience D. Neither uses colloquial language E. Neither is professionally performed 3. 逻辑单题(直通车) Benovians set their clocks back an hour for the winter. The result is that, during winter’s short days, it is light when most commuters drive to work, but dark when they drive back home. Darkness contributes to accidents. Changing the clocks, however, does not actually increase the amount of driving done in the dark, so it is unlikely to have any effect on Benovia’s automobile accident rate. 11. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? A. The average number of hours that Benovians drive when it is dark is greater for days during the winter than for days during other times of the year. B. In Benovia, hazards to safe driving that are made worse by darkness are as likely to occur in the morning as in the evening. C. The majority of cars on Benovia’s roads during a given day are those of people commuting to or from work. D. The majority of automobile accidents in Benovia take place when it is dark. E. Driving conditions are no worse in Benovia in the winter than during the rest of the year.。

2016GRE阅读真题解析2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage2PP2-4Passage 2The dusky salamander lives only in slow-moving streams where organic debris settles and accumulates. In almost all places in New York State where ducky salamanders used to live, suburban development has cleared uplands and put down asphalt. As a result, rainwater now runs directly into streams, causing increased flow that slows the accumulation of organic sediments. Therefore, it is probably the increased flow caused by suburban development that is responsible for the dusky salamander’s virtual disappearanc e from New York State.1. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?A. Since 1980 the suburban population of New York State has grown ten times faster than its urban population.B. Dusky salamanders have disappeared in the past ten years from some suburban areas of New York State that were originally developed more than a century ago and that have not experienced significant development for decades.C. The two-line salamander, a species that lives in both slow- and swift-moving waters, continues to thrive in streams in New York State from which dusky salamanders have disappeared.D. Suburban development in New York State contributes significantly to pollution of local streams with lawn fertilizers that are poisonous to most small aquatic animals.E. Much of the suburban development in New York State has been occurring in areas that never provided prime habitat fordusky salamanders.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage1PP2-4Passage 1Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlem “stride” style, and an important blues and jazz composer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African American, traditions.Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924 both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhaud’s and Gershwin’s experiments. In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from spirituals and Johnson’s own popular songs. Yamekraw, premiered successfully in Carnegie Hall, was major achievement for Johnson, becoming his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly the possibility of assimilating contemporary popular music into the symphonic tradition.1. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. A historical overview is presented, and a particular phenomenon is noted and analyzed.B. A popular belief is challenged, and a rival interpretation is presented and supported.C. A common viewpoint is presented and modified, and themodification is supported.D. An observation is made and rejected, and evidence for that rejection is presented.E. A common claim is investigated, and an alternative outlook is analyzed and criticized.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2. The author suggests which of the following about most classical composers of the early 1920s?A. They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of the Milhaud and Gershwin.B. They had little working familiarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songs.C. They made few attempts to introduce innovations into the classical symphonic tradition.3. The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT:A. jazz worksB. popular songsC. symphonic musicD. spiritualsE. blues pieces2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage3PP2-3Passage 3Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urbanhouseholds had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.1. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?A. People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.B. Households that had sent their clothes to professional laundries before 1925 were more likely than other households to purchase an electric washing machine when they became available.C. People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households.D. The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing machines.E. In the 1920s and 1930s the proportion of rural households with electricity was smaller than the proportion of urban households with electricity.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage2PP2-3Passage 2In 1996, scientists caused an experimental flood of the Colorado River by releasing water from Glen Canyon Dam above the Grand Canyon. Because an unintentional flood in 1983 had reduced the river’s introduced population of nonnative trout,biologists were concerned that the experimental flood would wash many fish, native and nonnative, downstream. T o find out, biologists placed nets in the river. The nets captured a few more trout than they would have without the flood but did not show substantial flushing of native fish, whose ancestors had, after all, survived many larger natural floods. The biologists surmised that the native species (and most of the trout) must have quickly retreated to protected areas along the riverbank.1. Which of the following, if true, would make the information presented in the passage compatible with the experimental flood’s in fact having caused substantial flushing of native fish?A. Many of the native fish are too small to have been captured by the nets.B. There had been and increase from normal levels in the native fish population prior to the flood.C. The native fish in the Colorado are much stronger swimmers than taxonomically similar fish in other rivers in the region.D. The unintentional flood of 1983 had not affected the river’s trout population as much as was originally thought.E. The experimental flood raised the water level much less than a typical natural flood would have.2. According to the passage, which of the flowing is true of the Colorado River flood of 1983?A. The flood had a negative effect on the river’s trout population.B. There was substantial flushing of the river’s native fish population during the flood.C. Unlike the 1996 flood, it was not deliberately caused forscientific research purposes.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage1PP2-3Passage 1Some universities have created environmental studies programs that can be marketed to prospective students but that suffer from too little administrative support, limited faculty resources, and a lack of careful deliberation over the hard choices. In the short term, this institutional strategy can pay rich dividends: at minimal expense a university can lay claim to an environmental studies program and attract new students or accommodate the interest of existing ones, perhaps with the full intention of bringing additional resources to bear in later years. As the number of students in these skeleton programs grows, however, the flimsy administrative and curricular scaffolding begins to buckle, leading to an anything-goes strategy that degenerates into curricular incoherence.1. The passage implies which of the following about the relationship between students and environmental studies programs?A. Students new to a university are more likely to be aware of environmental studies programs than existing students are.B. Students prefer curricular incoherence in environmental studies programs to rigid administrative decision making.C. The curricular flexibility of an environmental studies program is an attraction for new students.D. If a university offers an environmental studies program, then students will enroll in it.E. New students will guarantee the success of an environmental studies program.2. The passage suggests which of the following about “skeleton programs” in en vironmental studies?A. They may fail to attract prospective students.B. At some point they are likely to collapse into curricular confusion.C. They may par rich dividends in short term.。

Many theories have been formulated to explain the role of grazers such as zooplankton in controlling the amount of planktonic algae (phytoplankton)in lakes. The first theories of such grazer control were merely based on observations of negative correlations between algal and zooplankton numbers. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers in areas of high phytoplankton concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion, which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration. This was the first suggestion of algal defenses against grazing. Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton)that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. Increasingly, as in the individual studies of Lund, Round, and Reynolds, researchers began to stress the importance of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and water movements in controlling algal numbers. These environmental factors were amenable to field monitoring and to simulation in the laboratory. Grazing was believed to have some effect on algal numbers, especially after phytoplankton growth rates declined at the end of bloom periods, but grazing was considered a minor component of models that predicted algal population dynamics. The potential magnitude of grazing pressure on freshwater phytoplankton has only recently been determined empirically. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. The high estimates of grazing pressure postulated by these researchers were not fully accepted, however, until the grazing rates of zooplankton were determined directly in the field, by means of new experimental techniques. Using a specially prepared feeding chamber, Haney was able to record zooplankton grazing rates in natural field conditions. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. Cladocerans had higher grazing rates than copepods, usually accounting for 80 percent of the community grazing rate. These rates varied seasonally, reaching the lowest point in the winter and early spring. Haney’s thorough research provides convincing field evidence that grazers can exert significant pressure on phytoplankton population. 20. The author most likely mentions Hardy’s principle of animal exclusion in order to (A)give an example of one theory about the interaction of grazers and phytoplankton (B)defend the first theory of algal defenses against grazing (C)support the contention that phytoplankton numbers are controlled primarily by environmental factors (D)demonstrate the superiority of laboratory studies of zooplankton feeding rates to other kinds of studies of such rates (E)refute researchers who believed that low numbers of phytoplankton indicated the grazing effect of low numbers of zooplankton 21. It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 4 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to (A)observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions (B)discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research (C)understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton (D)make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers (E)invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control 22. Which of the following, if true, would call into question Hardy’s principle of animal exclusion? (A)Zooplankton are not the only organisms that are affected by phytoplankton repellents. (B)Zooplankton exclusion is unrelated to phytoplankton population density. (C)Zooplankton population density is higher during some parts of the year than during others. (D)Net phytoplankton are more likely to exclude zooplankton than are nannoplankton. (E)Phytoplankton numbers can be strongly affected by environmental factors. 23. The author would be likely to aGREe with which of the following statements regarding the pressure of grazers on phytoplankton numbers? I. Grazing pressure can vary according to the individual type of zooplankton. II. Grazing pressure can be lower in nutrient-poor lakes than in bog lakes. III. Grazing tends to exert about the same pressure as does temperature. (A)I only (B)III only (C)I and II only (D)II and III only (E)I, II, and III 24. The passage supplies information to indicate that Hargrave and Geen’s conclusion regarding the grazing pressure exerted by zooplankton on phytoplankton numbers was most similar to the conclusion regarding grazing pressure reached by which of the following researchers? (A)Hardy (B)Lund (C)Round (D)Reynolds (E)Haney 25. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which many of the early researchers on grazer control could have improved their data would have been to (A)emphasize the effects of temperature, rather than of light, on phytoplankton (B)disregard nannoplankton in their analysis of phytoplankton numbers (C)collect phytoplankton of all sizes before analyzing the extent of phytoplankton concentration (D)recognize that phytoplankton other than net phytoplankton could be collected in a net (E)understand the crucial significance of net phytoplankton in the diet of zooplankton 26. According to the passage, Hargrave and Geen did which of the following in their experiments? (A)They compared the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory with the natural grazing rates of these species. (B)The hypothesized about the population density of grazers in natural habitats by using data concerning the population density of grazers in the laboratory. (C)They estimated the community grazing rates of zooplankton in the laboratory by using data concerning the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton. (D)They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using data concerning the known population density of phytoplankton. (E)They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using laboratory data concerning the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species. 27. Which of the following is a true statement about the zooplankton numbers and zooplankton grazing rates observed in Haney’s experiments? (A)While zooplankton numbers began to decline in August, zooplankton grazing rates began to increase. (B)Although zooplankton numbers were high in May, grazing rates did not become high until January. (C)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were higher in December than in November. (D)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were lower in March than in June. (E)Both zooplankton numbers and grazing rates were highest in February. 答案 A D B C E C E D。

1-12；答案见后短阅读1.长江水稻，原文Since the 1970s, archaeological sites in China's Y angtze River region have yielded evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies that predate signs of rice cultivation elsewhere in East Asia by a thousand years. Before this evidence was discovered, it had generally been assumed that rice farming began farther to the south. This scenario was based both on the geographic range of wild or free-living rice, which was not thought to extend as far north as the Y angtze, and on archaeological records of very early domestic rice from Southeast Asia and India (now known to be not so old as first reported). Proponents of the southern-origin theory point out that early rice-farming societies along the Y angtze were already highly developed and that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation is missing. They argue that the first hunter-gatherers to develop rice agriculture must have done so in this southern zone, within the apparent present-day geographic range of wild rice.Y et while most stands of wild rice reported in a 1984 survey were concentrated to the south of the Y angtze drainage, two northern outlier populations were also discovered in provinces along the middle and lower Y angtze, evidence that the Y angtze wetlands may fall within both the present-day and the historical geographic ranges of rice's wild ancestor.1. Which of the following, if true, would most clearlyundermine the conclusion that the author makes based on the 1984 survey?Areas south of the Y angtze basin currently have lesswild-rice habitat than they once did.Surveys since 1984 have shown wild rice populations along the upper Y angtze as well as along the middle andlower Y angtze.The populations of wild rice along the Y angtze represent strains of wild rice that migrated to the north relativelyrecently.Early rice-farming societies along the Yangtze were not as highly developed as archaeologists once thought.In East Asia, the historical geographic range of wild rice was more extensive than the present-day geographicrange is.2. Based on the passage, skeptics of the idea that rice cultivationbegan in the Y angtze River region can point to which of the following for support?Lack of evidence supporting the existence of rice-farming societies along the Y angtze at an early dateLack of evidence regarding the initial stages of ricecultivation in the Y angtze regionRecent discoveries pertaining to the historical geographic range of rice's wild ancestorNew information regarding the dates of very earlydomestic rice from Southeast AsiaNew theories pertaining to how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture in East Asia3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passageabout the ―southern-origin theory‖?The theory is based on an unconventional understanding of how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture.The theory fails to take into account the apparent fact that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation in the northis missing.The theory was developed primarily in response to a 1984 survey of wild rice's geographic range.Reassessment of the dates of some archaeologicalevidence has undermined support for the theory.Evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies in the Y angtze region provides support for the theory.2. honey bee的fungee（原文）Ingestion of food containing spores of the pathogen Ascosphaera apis causes a fatal fungal disease known as chalk brood in honeybee larvae. However, larvae must be chilled to about 30°C(normal brood-comb temperature is 33-36°C)for the disease to develop. Accordingly, chalk brood is most common in spring and in small colonies. A recent study revealed that honeybees responsible for hive-temperature maintenance purposely raised the hives‘ temperature when colonies were inoculated with A.apis this ―fever,‖ orup-regulation of temperature, occurred before any larvae died, suggesting that the response is preventative and that either honeybee workers detect the infection before symptoms are visible or larvae communicate the ingestion of the pathogen. Temperature returned to normal by the end of the study, suggesting that increased temperature is not optimal when broods are not infected, as well as that the fever does not result merely from normal colony growth (i.e., an increase in the number of workers available for temperature maintenance).V1考了一个honey bee 的一个fungee 病毒的honeybee 的larvae 容易的这个fungee 而且还是small coloney 的会的but it requires to lower the temperature of larvae to 30 degree for fungee infection (whereas the temperature of the hive is 33-35) 这个句子问到过结果scientist discovered that worker bees purposefully keep the temperature of hive high before the manifestation of the fungee infection so this must be a PREVENTA TIVE mechanism developed from the honeybees to protect larvae from infection. in addition the temperature of the hive will be lowered after the infection so the 33-35 is not OPTIMAL for the hive.之后有个选项问如果temperature is not lowed after the infection what conclusion can u draw from the passage. 答案是33-35 degree is an ideal temperature for the hive.V2关于蜜蜂的巢穴的larva 温度和疾病的那题。

Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. (4) 尽管在神经能量上存在着质的不同，这⼀点从来都没有在严格的意义上被反对过，但是以上教条通常被抛弃掉，⽽转向相反的观点，即：神经冲动从根本上本质相同，⽽且被当作“⼀种普通流”在整个神经系统中传播。

难句类型：复杂修饰、双重否定 解释：前半个分句中有⼀个双重否定，was never rigidly disproved,这种表⽰法⽤中⽂说出来还是⽐较好懂的，原因是我们熟悉中⽂的这种表⽰法，但在英⽂中出现，因为在以前的学习中见得少，所以感觉上很别扭。

因此，同学们的任务，就是通过反复阅读此类句⼦来熟悉这样的英语。

其实在英⽂表达中，很多双重否定与中⽂表达是⼀样的，表⽰肯定;如not unlimited就等于limited。

但是值得读者注意的是在GRE和GMAT这两种对考⽣的逻辑有苛刻要求的考试中，如果这种双重否定中所涉及的概念不是dichotomous(即⼆分法的词汇，⽐如上⾯例⼦中的limited和unlimited)，则双重否定不⼀定表⽰肯定;⽐如本例中的not disprove, 不能理解为agree，不反对者中，的确有⼈会同意，但通常⼼存疑虑，随⼤流者居多。

不但如此，⼤双重否定中加上限定词以后，在否定的范围上也有所变化，如本句的be never rigidly disproved，没有完全被反对，不能理解为从来都被严格⽀持的，⽽应该理解成从来都可能有⼈⽀持的。

阅读 During the Pleistocene epoch, several species of elephants isolated on islands underwent rapid dwarfing. This phenomenon was not necessarily confined to the Pleistocene, but may have occurred much earlier in the Southeastern Asian islands, although evidence is fragmentary. Several explanations are possible for this dwarfing. For example, islands often have not been colonized by large predators or are too small to hold viable predator populations. Once free from predation pressure, large body size is of little advantage to herbivores. Additionally, island habitats have limited food resources, a smaller body size and a need for fewer resources would thus be favored. Interestingly, the island rule is reversed for small mammals such as rodents, for which gigantism is favored under insular conditions. 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to A. question the plausibility of one explanation sometimes offered for the dwarfing of certain species living on islands B. argue that dwarfing of certain species living on islands occurred prior to the Pleistocene C. cite evidence suggesting that dwarfing may have adverse consequences for some species living on islandsD. present some possible explanations for the dwarfing of certain species living on islandsE. contrast the effects of insular conditions on species with large body size and species with small body 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about body size in mammals is true? A. A large body is unfavorable to mammalian species’ survival under most conditions. B. A large body tends to benefit small mammals living on islands. C. For most herbivorous mammals, a large body size is easier to sustain in the absence of large predators. D. Under most conditions, a small body is less beneficial to herbivorous mammals than to nonherbivorous mammals. E. Among nonherbivorous mammals, a small body is more beneficial on an island than on a mainland. Availability and management of water greatly influenced human settlement in the Maya Lowlands, and much of Mayan social innovation was centered on storing excess water for times of need. In northern Yucatan the permanent water table is sufficiently shallow that it can be accessed by natural wells known as cenotes. However, over much of the Maya Lowlands, the water table is too deep to have been available to the Maya. In response, they constructed artificial reservoirs to trap runoff. For example, Gallopin estimates that the reservoirs at Tikal (an ancient Mayan city) could have provided for the domestic needs of about 9,600 people for a period of 6 to 18 months. Even with elaborate water capture and management systems, the Maya were greatly dependent upon adequate rainfall over much of their empire and were thus susceptible to frequent or prolonged droughts that approached or exceeded the capacity of their reservoirs. In fact, evidence of droughts in the region based on studies of lake and shallow ocean sediments has led many researchers to suspect that climate was responsible for the Classic Maya collapse. 1. The author mentions “studies of lake and shallow ocean sediments” primarily in order to A. describe the results of a novel study B. identify the source of evidence that suggested a hypothesis C. undermine a conventional explanation D. highlight the importance of one type of evidence E. clarify the value of a particular undertaking 2. The passage suggests which of the following about the reservoirs at Tikal?0 p x ; T E X T - I N D E N T : 0 p x ; f o n t - s t r e t c h : n o r m a l ; - w e b k i t - t e x t - s t r o k e - w i d t h : 0 p x " b d s f i d = " 9 4 " > 0 0 A . T h e y m a y h a v e b e e n d e s i g n e d b y p e o p l e f r o m n o r t h e r n Y u c a t a n . / p >。

GRE阅读高频机经原文及试题：海底火山生物GRE阅读中的阅读考生如果粗心大意或者不够重视也有可能出现意外扣分情况，想要避免此类情况保证阅读得分，那就快来看GRE阅读高频机经原文及试题：海底火山生物！GRE阅读高频机经原文及试题：海底火山生物海底火山生物The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an even sparser distribution of larger animals. However, near hydrothermal vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish.Most deep-sea faunas rely for food on particulate matter, ultimately derived from photosynthesis, falling from above. The food supplies necessary to sustain the large vent communities, however, must be many times the ordinary fallout. The first reports describing vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions. Later, evidence in support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfide was found in vent water; many vent-site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis; and extremely large concentrations of bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought to be pure. This final observation seemed decisive. If such astonishing concentrations of bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf any contribution from advection. Hence, the widely quoted conclusion was reached that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for hydrothermal-ventfood chains—an exciting prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation. For example, some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources. This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures. Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea animals have been found in the proximity of “smokers”-vents where water emerges at temperatures up to 350℃. No bacteria can survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there. Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas. It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organism do in fact feed on bacteria that grow in warm-water vents, rise in the vent water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance from the warm-water vents.Nonetheless advection is a more likely alternative food source. Research has demonstrated that advective flow, which originates near the surface of the ocean where suspended particulate matter accumulates, transports some of that matter and water to the vents. Estimates suggest that for every cubic meter of vent discharge, 350 milligrams of particulate organic material would be advected into the vent area. Thus, for an average-sized vent, advection could provide more than 30 kilograms of potential food per day. In addition, it is likely that small live animals in the advected water might be killed or stunned by thermal and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to the food supply of vents.32.1. the primary purpose of the passage is to(A) describe a previously unknown natural phenomenon(B) reconstruct the evolution of a natural phenomenon(C) establish unequivocally the accuracy of a hypothesis(D) survey explanations for a natural phenomenon and determine which is best supported by evidence.(E) entertain criticism of the author’s research and provide an effective response32.2. which of the following does the author cite as a weakness in the argument that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for the food chains at deep-sea vents?(A) vents are colonized by some of the same animals found in other areas of the ocean floor(B) vent water does not contain sufficient quantities of hydrogen sulfide.(C) bacteria cannot produce large quantities of food quickly enough.(D) large concentrations of minerals are found in vent water.(E) some bacteria found in the vents are incapable of chemosynthesis32.3. which of the following is information supplied in the passage that would support the statement that the food supplies necessary to sustain vent communities must be many times that of ordinary fallout?(A) large vent faunas move from vent to vent in search of food(B) vent faunas are not able to consume food produced by photosynthesis.(C) vents are more densely populated than are other deep-sea areas32.4. the author refers to “smokers” (line 26) most probably in order to(A) show how thermal shock can provide food for some vent faunas by stunning small animals(B) prove that the habitat of most deep-sea animals is limited to warm-water vents(C) explain how bacteria carry out chemosynthesis(D) demonstrate how advection compensates for the lack of food sources on the seafloor.(E) present evidence that bacterial chemosynthesis may be an inadequate source of food for some vent faunas.GRE阅读词汇精选之燃烧,烤barbecue n.烤肉架,烤肉baste v.倒脂油于(烤肉上,以防烤干)gridiron n.烤架，橄榄球场grill v.烤，· 烤问，· n.烤架parch v.烘烤，· 干热scorch v.烤焦，· 烧焦skewer n.(烤肉用的)串肉杆v.用杆串好broil n/v 烤，· 烧，· 争吵，· 怒骂torrefy v 焙，· 烤scathe n.v.损害，· 烧焦scorch v.烤焦，· 烧焦scorching adj.酷热的sear v.(以烈火)烧灼searing adj.灼热的singe v.(轻微地)烧焦，· 烫焦smolder v.无火焰地闷烧，· 压抑cauterize vt 烧灼,使麻木不· 仁scald v.烫，· 用沸水消毒n.烫伤scalding adj.滚烫的combustible adj.易燃的，· 易激动的combustion n.燃烧flammable adj.易燃的ignite v.发光，· 燃烧inflame v使燃烧，· 激怒(某人) inflammable adj.可燃的，· 易激怒的kindle v.着火、点燃rekindle v.重新点燃enkindle v.煽动,点燃(感情,怒气等) nonflammable adj.不· 易燃的stoke v.添加燃料，· 司炉，· 吞食furnace n.火炉,熔炉,磨练v. 在炉中烧flask n.烧瓶，· 细颈瓶beaker n.大酒杯，· 有倒口的烧杯GRE阅读词汇精选之颜色chromatic adj.彩色的，五彩的prismy adj 色彩缤纷的drab adj.枯黄色的，无聊的emerald n.祖母绿,翡翠adj.翠绿色的livid adj.青灰色的(撞伤)，· (脸色)苍白的magenta n.adj.紫红色(的染料)pallid adj.苍白的，· 没血色的florid adj.华丽的，· (脸)红润的rubicund adj.(脸色)红润的ruddy adj.(脸色)红润的，· 红色sable n.黑貂，· adj.黑色的sallow n.柳树，· adj.病黄色的sapphire n.青玉，· 蓝宝石，· adj.天蓝色的. azure adj. 天蓝色的n.碧空buff n 浅黄色(软皮革)，· 水牛lavender n. 薰衣草adj. 淡紫色的mulberry n. 桑树，· 深紫红色cardinal n.枢机主教,鲜红色 a. 主要的,深红色的saffron a. 番红花色的,橘黄色patina n.绿锈，· 光亮的外表turquoise n.绿松石，· adj.碧绿的verdant adj.青葱的，· 翠绿的verdigris n.铜锈，· 铜绿hue n.色彩，· 色泽pastel n.彩色粉笔画，· 柔和的色彩pigment n.天然色素，· 干粉颜料tint n.色彩,浅色v. 染色于palette n.调色板alabaster a.雪白的GRE阅读词汇精选之一群bevy n.一群(少女或鸟)drove n.畜群，人群flock n.羊群，鸟群gaggle n.鹅群herd n.兽群v.聚集，放牧horde n.群众，一大群shoal n. 程病浅水处，一群(鱼)swarm n.(蜜蜂)一群，一群(人)school n 鱼群flora n.(某地区或时代的)植物群fauna n.动物区系cluster n.串，· 束，· 群，· v.成群，· 成串congregation n.集合在一起的群众constellation n.星座，· 星群galaxy n.(银河)星群，· 显赫的人群archipelago n.群岛gregarious adj.群居的，· 爱社交的legion n.兵团，· 一大群ruck n.皱褶，· 普通群众，· 大量throng n.一大群，· v.拥挤menagerie n 兽群，· 动物园cline n 渐变群,生态群colony n [生]集群,群体crew n 全体人员,群众,全体机员group v 聚合,成群exodus v.大批离去,成群外出异教徒heresy n.异端邪说heretic n.异教徒heretical adj.异端邪说的heterodox adj.异端的，非正统的heterodoxy n.异端邪说infidel n.不信教者，异教徒pagan n.没有宗教信仰的人，异教徒paganism n.异教(信仰) heathen n 异教徒，不信教的人。

2016年11月27日GRE阅读真题及答案解析回忆
解析：文章第一句介绍了一个关于白人想要促进Indian艺术的运动，紧接着两句话分别出了不同学者对这个运动目的的分析。

第二句里的scholars认为目的是为了通过艺术证明工业化不好。

第三句里的others 认为是想要让当时的美国西南部转型。

第一题考的就是两种观点的区别，很简单，就是认为这个运动的目的不同，选最有一个e选项。

文章第四句先说让步，承认两种观点都有对的部分，insightful正向性，转折是作者的逻辑重心，指出两个观点里都忽略了两个问题。

第二题题干问的是作者会同意哪个关于解释的选项，不是问作者的主要观点，让步里的内容作者也是同意的，所以答案是第三个c选项，来自于insightful
这个部分。

GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：舞蹈物理动作分析想必大家在备考gre考试的时候，最喜欢的就是吸取新鲜的考试真题，这样对自己的能力也是一个考验，最能检验自己目前的能力在什么水平，今天小编为大家带来的就是GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：舞蹈物理动作分析!GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：舞蹈物理动作分析舞蹈物理动作分析 1994年02月 D9402Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancer’s skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical terms —as body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical laws—neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored, can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions . However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the body’s mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.26.1 The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study(B) describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field(C) point out the contradictions between two distincttheories(D) define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle(E) discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting26.2. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:(A) the law of conservation of angular momentum(B) analyses of the way in which the body’s mass is distributed(C) equations of linear motion in three dimensions(D) analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions(E) the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns26.3.The author implies that dancers can become more skilled by doing which of the following?(A) Ignoring rotational movements(B) Understanding the forces that permit various movements(C) Solving simple linear equations(D) Learning the technical terms utilized by choreographers(E) Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum26.4.Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in the last sentence?(A) A long leap across space(B) A short jump upward with a return to the same place(C) A sustained and controlled turn in place(D) Short, rapid steps forward and then backward without turning(E) Quick side steps in a diagonal line答案：BEBCGRE阅读词汇精选之疯狂dipsomania n.嗜酒狂kleptomania n.盗窃癖megalomania n.自大狂pyromania n.纵火狂monomania n. 对一事的热狂,偏执狂mania n.癫狂，狂热maniacal adj.发狂的，狂热的ardor n.热情，狂热berserk adj.狂怒的，疯狂的delirium n.精神错乱，发狂fad n.(流行一时的)狂热,时尚fanatic adj.狂热的，盲信的n.狂热者fanaticism n.狂热盲信frantic adj.疯狂的，狂乱的insane adj.疯狂的insanity n.疯狂，愚昧lunacy n.疯狂，愚行paranoia n.偏执狂，多疑症paranoid adj.偏执狂的，过分怀疑的possessed adj.疯狂的queer adj.奇怪的，疯狂的rabid adj.患狂犬病的，疯的，失去理性的tempestuous adj狂暴的voyeur n.窥淫狂者，窥隐私者zealot n.狂热份子，热心者unhinge v 使发狂，使错乱GRE阅读词汇精选之沉默incommunicative adj.不爱交际的，沉默寡言的mute adj.沉默的，n.弱音器reticent adj.沉默不语的reticence n 无言,沉默,谨慎tacit adj.心照不宣的，静默的taciturn adj.沉默寡言的mum adj. 沉默的，·无言的uncommunicative a. 拘礼的,沉默寡言的reserve n.谨慎，· 话语不· 多，· 储备·reserved adj.说话不· 多的浸透douse v.把…浸入水中，用水泼drenched adj.湿透的soak v.浸泡，渗透soaked adj.湿透的sodden adj.浸透了的soggy adj.湿透的，濡湿的souse v.浸在水中，使湿透steep v.浸泡，浸透logged adj 笨重的，湿透的immerse v.浸入，沉浸于immersion n.沉入，浸入macerate v.浸软，消瘦谜charades n.用动作等表演的字谜游戏conundrum n.谜语(双关的谜)rebus n.(以音、画等提示的)字谜，画谜sphinx n.狮身人面像，· 谜一样的人enigma n.谜,谜一样的人或事enigmatic adj.神秘的，· 难解的GRE阅读词汇精选之缓和、安慰alleviate v.缓和，减轻assuage v.缓和，减轻cushion n.坐垫v.减轻，缓和mitigate v.减轻，缓和palliate v.减轻(痛苦)，掩饰(罪行)palliation n.减轻，缓和salve n.药膏，v.减轻，缓和appease v.使平静，安抚conciliate v.安抚，调和conciliation n.安慰，安抚console v.安慰，抚慰consolation n.安慰，慰藉mollify v.安慰，安抚reassure v.使安心，安慰reassurance n.安慰(的话)，放心solace n.安慰.慰藉soothe v. 缓和,使安静,安慰常用词还有placate,comfort,relieve,ease,pacify, lighten即兴extemporize v.即席演说impromptu adj.即席的，即兴的improvise v.即席而作(adj. improvised)improvisation n.即席创作ad-lib v. 即兴演唱，临时穿插，信口说出extemporaneous a. 无准备的,即席的,临时的offhand adj. adv. 即时的,即席的,无准备的unrehearsed adj. 未经预演的。

GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案汇总gre阅读是许多考生难以攻克的大山，下面先来看看GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案汇总，一起来学习吧！GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：乙醇汽油1. 乙醇汽油 1993年04月Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing, consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter (particulate matter: 颗粒物质), and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon：n.烃, 碳氢化合物) from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of (short of: adv.缺乏,只要没有) a massive shift away from (away from: 远离) the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (liquefied petroleum gas: n.液化石油气a compressed gas that consists of flammable hydrocarbons (as propane and butane) and is used especially as fuel or as raw material for chemical synthesis), ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactionsincrease the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks—a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency—and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have a higher energy content (energy content: 能含量; 内能) per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.1.1 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with(文章的逻辑结构非常明显，是指出一个问题，然后讨论了多种方案，最后指向METHANOL。

2016年5月8日gre阅读真题全解析!正在紧张备战gre阅读的童鞋们，可千万不要出现gre真题不重要想法哦!要知道，不管是哪个部分，不管是哪类考试，机经的作用远超想像。

因此，在今天的文章中，天道小编就为同学们准备了2016年5月8日的gre阅读真题解析。

倘若您还不造本次考试的内容的话，那就赶快与小编一起走进今天的文章吧!更多gre机经，尽在天道教育!2016年5月8日这一天，同学们迎来了5月份第一场gre阅读考试。

那么，在这场考试中，都考了哪些题目呢?别急!下面，小编准备了这一天的gre阅读真题，相信一定能够帮到你!5月8日gre机经如下：【Section1】长文章——西班牙教堂建筑与Kiva【内容大意】【第一段】建筑形态学研究的是变化的文化和环境条件如何产生建筑形式变化。

当应用到位于现在美国西南部那些展现出17-18世纪西班牙殖民地建筑风格那些新墨西哥教堂时，建筑形态学展现了很多关于美国土著文化是如何改变西班牙传教士们的欧洲教堂建筑风格的，而这些传教士原本想讲那些土著人传化成基督徒。

【第二段】很多对于这些教堂的研究仔细地记录了它们独特建筑建筑形式的设计和历史。

大部分人把这些教堂建筑和16世纪欧洲教堂的不同归因于当地的气候和less-mechanized的建筑技术。

确实，这些由于人工和当地材料的局限性带来的限制使得与欧洲最初的建筑模式不同成为一种必需。

但是这样一种适应于西南地区生活的教堂的出现的根源并非材料和技术，而是更根本的东西。

新的建筑来源于西班牙殖民者和当地土著社会双方文化力量，两种文化力量都具备这样一种关于空间和概念表达的竞争性思想。

【第三段】比如，传教士教堂和当地的Kiva建筑有一些共性，Kiva是西南地区土著美国人建造的位于地下的用作宗教仪式作用的圆形房间。

就像它想去替代的Kiva，传教士的教堂有很厚的土砖墙，一个地下的楼梯，以及一到两个小窗户。

和欧洲传统模式一样，这些教堂的天花板要比传统的Kiva高。

GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：Design-EngineeringGRE阅读中的阅读考生如果粗心大意或者不够重视也有可能出现意外扣分情况，想要避免此类情况保证阅读得分，那就快来看GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：Design-Engineering！GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：Design-EngineeringDesign----Engineering： D 9504Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such aswall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to ent ail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.19.1. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with(A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists(B) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design(C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology(D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists(E) criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineering curricula19.2. It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are(A) strengthened when they include courses in design(B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills(C) strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses(D) strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems(E) strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking19.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of lines 1-28 of the passage?(A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.(B) Each component of an automobile—for example, the engine or the fuel tank—has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component’s function.(C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.(D) The designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on its final form.(E) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptu alization as well as the physical requirements of its site.19.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the passage?(A) The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many non-scientific decisions made by technologists.(B) Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.(C) As knowledge of technology has increased, the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form, arrangement, and texture.(D) A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.(E) A technologist thinking about a machine, reasoning through the successive steps in a dynamic process, can actually turn the machine over mentally.19.5 The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineeri ng Record “paradoxical” (lines 36-37) most probably because(A) the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make(B) architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students(C) college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not(D) the drawings needed were so complicated that even students in architectural schools had difficulty making them(E) engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline19.6. According to the passage, random failures in automatic control systems are “not merely trivial aberrations” (lines 53) because(A) automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field(B) the failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics(C) the failures occur too often to be taken lightly(D) designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis of mechanical difficulties(E) designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently19.7. The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to(A) weaken the argument that modern engineering systems have major defects because of an absence of design courses in engineering curricula(B) support the thesis that the number of errors in modern engineering systems is likely to increase(C) illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems(D) support the contention that a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptualizationby engineers(E) weaken the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design答案：BAEAEBD形容女子的GRE词汇1blonde:金发碧眼女子brunette:黑(褐)色头发和浅黑色皮肤的女子tomboy:男孩似的姑娘，假小子coquette:卖弄风情的女人woman of the world:老于世故的女人clinging vine:依赖男子的妇女groupie:流行乐团迷(尤指随团旅行寻求结识歌手的少女)schoolmarm:一本正经的古板女人spinster:老处女material girl拜金女blue stocking女学究beauty美女campus belle校花形容女子的GRE词汇2iron lady女强人prostitute妓女soprano女高音actress 女演员nanny/baby-sitter保姆housemaid女佣confidante 红颜知已salesgirl女店员witch女巫lesbian女同性恋者matchmaker红娘。

GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：地球冷暖周期GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：地球冷暖周期地球冷暖周期通过石头含铁量推定新题Recent studies of sediment in the North Atlantic’s deepwaters reveal possible cyclical patterns in the history of Earth’s climate. Therock fragments in these sediments are too large to have been transported thereby ocean currents; they must have reached their present locations by travelingin large icebergs that floated long distances from their point of origin beforemelting.Geologist Gerard Bond noticed that some of the sedimentgrains were stained with irono某ide, evidence that they originated inl ocaleswhere glaciers had overrun outcrops of red sandstone. Bond’s detailed analysisof deep-water sediment cores showed changes in the mi某 of sediment sources overtime: the proportion of these red-stained grains fluctuated back and forth fromlows of 5 percent to highs of about 17 percent, and these fluctuations occurredin a nearly regular 1,500-year cycle.Bond hypothesized that the alternating cycles might beevidence of changes in ocean-water circulation and therefore in Earth’sclimate. He knew that the sources of the red-stained grains were generallycloser to the North Pole than were the places yielding a high proportion of“clean〞 grains. At certain times, apparently, more icebergs from the ArcticOcean in the far north were traveling south well into the North Atlantic beforemelting and shedding their sediment. Ocean waters are constantly moving, andwater temperature is both a cause and an effect of this movement. As watercools, it becomes denser and sinks to the ocean’s bottom. During some periods,the bottom layer of the world’s oceans comes from cold,dense water sinking inthe far North Atlantic. This causes the warm surface waters of the Gulf Streamto be pulled northward. Bondrealized that during such periods, the influ某 ofthese warm surface waters into northern regions could cause a large proportionof the icebergs that bear red grains to melt before traveling very far into theNorth Atlantic. But sometimes the ocean’s dynamic changes, and waters from theGulf Stream do not travel northward in this way. During these periods, surfacewaters in the North Atlantic would generally be colder, permitting icebergsbearing red-stained grains to travel farther south in the North Atlantic beforemelting and depositing their sediment.The onset of the so-called Little Ice Age (1300-1860),which followed the Medieval Warm Period of the eighth through tenth centuries,may represent the most recent time that the ocean’sdynamic changed in this way. If ongoing climate-history studies support Bond’shypothesis of 1,500-year cycles, scientists may establish a major natural rhythmin Earth’s temperatures that could then be e某trapolated into the future.Because the midpoint of the Medieval Warm Period was about A.D. 850, ane某tension of Bond’s cycles would place the midpoint of the ne某t warm intervalin the twenty-fourth century.21.1. According to the passage, which of the following istrue of the rock fragments contained in the sediments studied by Bond?A. The majority of them are composed of red sandstone.B. They must have reached their present location over 1,500 years ago.C. They were carried byicebergs to their present location.D. Most of them were carried to their present location during awarm period inEarth’s climatic history.E. They are unlikely to have been carried to their presentlocation during theLittle Ice Age.21.2. In the final paragraph of the passage (lines 27-33),the author is concerned primarily withA. answering a question about Earth’s climatic historyB. pointi ng out a potential flaw in Bond’s hypothesisC. suggesting a new focus for the study of ocean sedimentsD. tracing the general history of Earth’s climateE. discussing possibleimplications of Bond’s hypothesis21.3. According to the passage, Bond hypothesized that whichofthe following circumstances would allow red-stained sediment grainsto reachmore southerly latitudes?A. Warm waters being pulled northward from the GulfStreamB. Climatic conditions causing icebergs to melt relativelyquicklyC. Icebergs containing a higher proportion of iron o某ide than usualD. The formation of more icebergs than usual in the far northE. The presence of coldsurface waters in the North Atlantic21.4. It can be inferred from the passage that in sedimentcores from the North Atlantic’s deep waters, the portions that correspond tothe Little Ice AgeA.. differ very little in composition from theportions that correspond to the Medieval Warm PeriodB. fluctuate significantly in composition between the portions corresponding tothe 1300s and the portions corresponding to the 1700sC. would be likely tocontain a proportion of red-stained grainscloser to 17 percent than to 5percentD. show a much higher proportion of red-stained grains in cores e 某tracted fromthe far north of the North Atlantic than in cores e某tracted from further southE. were formed in part as答案：CEEC再见，GRE阅读“马后炮〞之文章类型市面上经常有人将GRE文章分为现象解释型、问题解决型、新老观点比照型等类型，并大书特书。

2016年4月16日GRE真题回忆解析4月16号的GRE考试已经过去，为此天道小编为大家整理了关于2016年4月16日GRE考试机经的详细内容，希望对大家备考GRE有所帮助，更多GRE机经请关注天道教育GRE频道。

写作ernments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.2.Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.ArgumentThere is now evidence that the relaxed pace of life in small towns promotes better health and greater longevity than does the hectic pace of life in big cities.Businesses in the small town of Leeville report fewer days of sick leave taken by individual workers than do businesses in the nearby large city of Masonton.Furthermore,Leeville has only one physician for its one thousand residents,but in Masonton the proportion of physicians to residents is five times as high.Finally,the average age of Leeville residents is significantly higher than that of Masontonresidents.These findings suggest that people seeking longer and healthier lives should consider moving to small communities.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument.Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.填空1. 电影制片人是电影业的ogres(可怕的人)这个概念表现出是一个(i)______的概念。