Passage1
A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship.Since nineteenth century cartographers,for instance,understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects,while others saw themselves as landscape painters.That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography.Until the1980s,in what Blakemore and Harley called“the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,”scholars largely focused on maps made before1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age.Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility.Alpers, however,has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century,because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.
1.According to the passage,Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the“paradigm”were
A.inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to1800understand their own work
B.dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering
C.unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questions of mapmaking
D.insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after1800
E.supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after1800
2.It can be inferred from the passage that,beginning in the1980s, historians of cartography
A.placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after1800
B.expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800
C.grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to1800conceived of their work
D.came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objects rather than practical cartographic aids
E.reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking
答案：A B
Passage2
Most mammals reach sexual maturity when their growth rates are in decline,whereas humans experience a growth spurt during adolescence.
Whether apes experience an adolescent growth spurt is still undecided.In the1950s,data on captive chimpanzees collected by James Gavan appeared devoid of evidence of an adolescent growth spurt in these apes.In a recent reanalysis of Gavan’s data,however,zoologist Elizabeth Watts has found that as chimpanzees reach sexual maturity,the growth rate of their limbs accelerates.Most biologists,however,are skeptical that this is a humanlike adolescent growth spurt.While the human adolescent growth spurt is physically obvious and affects virtually the entire body,the chimpanzee’s increased growth rate is detectable only through sophisticated mathematical analysis.Moreover,according to scientist Holly Smith,the growth rate increase in chimpanzees begins when86%of full skeletal growth has been attained,whereas human adolescence generally commences when77 percent of full skeletal growth has occurred.
1.Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
A.Researchers have long disagreed about whether data collected in the 1950s indicate that chimpanzees and other apes experience an adolescent growth spurt.
B.Research data collected on chimpanzees living in captivity are inconclusive with respect to chimpanzees living in the wild.
C.The notion that apes do not experience an adolescent growth spurt has been confirmed by research conducted since.
D.Although the idea that apes experience an adolescent growth has received some support,most biologists remain unconvinced.
E.Although researchers agree that chimpanzees do not experience an adolescent growth spurt,they are divided in their opinions of whether this is true of other apes.
2.The passage mentions which of the following as one of the reasons why most biologists remain skeptical that chimpanzees experience a humanlike adolescent growth spurt?
A.Chimpanzees do not experience a demonstrable increase in growth rate until they are fully sexually mature.
B.The increase in growth rate that chimpanzees undergo at sexual maturity is less apparent than that of humans.
C.The increase in growth rate once regarded as a humanlike adolescent growth spurt in chimpanzees is too sporadic to be regarded as significant.
D.Not all chimpanzees undergo a calculable growth spurt.
E.Watt’s approach to analyzing data is considered to be highly unorthodox.
3.The passage suggests which of the following about the adolescent growth spurt that takes place in humans?
A.Its primary effects are found in parts of the body other than the limbs.
B.It is generally completed by the time77percent of full skeletal growth is attained.
C.It is normally detectable without the assistance of sophisticated mathematical analysis.
D.The rate of growth is much faster at the beginning of puberty than at any other time.
E.The estimated growth rate varies depending on the methods of measurement that are used.
答案：D B C
Passage3
Many cultural anthropologists have come to reject the scientific framework of empiricism that dominated the field until the1970s and now regard all scientific knowledge as socially constructed.They argue that information about cultures during the empiricist era typically came from anthropologists who brought with them a prepackaged set of conscious and unconscious biases.Cultural anthropology,according to the post-1970s critique,is unavoidably subjective,and the anthropologist should be explicit in acknowledging that fact.Anthropology should stop striving to build a better database about cultural behavior and should turn to developing a more humanistic interpretation of cultures.The new framework holds that it may be more enlightening to investigate the biases of earlier texts than to continue with empirical methodologies.
1.The author implies which of the following about most cultural anthropologists working prior to the1970s?
A.They argued that scientific knowledge was socially constructed.
B.They were explicit in acknowledging the biases inherent in scientific investigation.
C.They regarded scientific knowledge as consisting of empirical truths.
D.They shared the same conscious and unconscious biases.
E.They acknowledged the need for a new scientific framework.
2.According to the passage,“many cultural anthropologists”today would agree that anthropologists should
A.build a better,less subjective database about cultural behavior
B.strive to improve the empirical methodologies used until the1970s
C.reject the notion that scientific knowledge is socially constructed
D.turn to examining older anthropological texts for unacknowledged biases
E.integrate humanistic interpretations with empirical methodologies
答案：C D
Passage4
Writing about nineteenth-century women’s travel writing,Lila Harper
notes that the four women she discussed used their own names,in contrast with the nineteenth-century female novelists who either published anonymously or used male pseudonyms.The novelists doubtless realized that they were breaking boundaries,whereas three of the four daring, solitary travelers espoused traditional values,eschewing radicalism and women’s movements.Whereas the female novelists criticized their society, the female travelers seemed content to leave society as it was while accomplishing their own liberation.In other words,they lived acontradiction. For the subjects of Harper’s study,solitude in both the private and public spheres prevailed—a solitude that conferred authority,hitherto a male prerogative,but that also precluded any collective action or female solidarity.
1.Which of the following best characterizes the“contradiction”that the author refers to?
A.The subjects of Harper’s study enjoyed solitude,and yet as travelers they were often among people.
B.Nineteenth-century travel writers used their own names,but nineteenth-century novelists used pseudonyms.
C.Women’s movements in the nineteenth-century were not very radical in comparison with those of the twentieth-century.
D.Nineteenth-century female novelists thought they were breaking boundaries,but it was the nineteenth-century women who traveled alone who were really doing so.
E.While traveling alone in the nineteenth-century was considered a radical act for a woman,the nineteenth-century solitary female travelers generally held conventional views.
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.According to the passage,solitude had which of the following effects for the nineteenth century female travelers?
A.It conferred an authority typically enjoyed only by men.
B.It prevented formation of alliances with other women.
C.It relieved peer pressure to conform to traditional values.
答案：AB E
Passage5
Although vastly popular during its time,much nineteenth-century women’s fiction in the United States went unread by the twentieth-century educated elite,who were taught to ignore it as didactic.However,American literature has a tradition of didacticism going back to its Puritan roots, shifting over time from sermons and poetic transcripts into novels,which proved to be perfect vehicles for conveying social values.In the nineteenth century,critics reviled Poe for neglecting to conclude his stories with pithy
moral tags,while Longfellow was canonized for his didactic verse.Although rhetorical changes favoring the anti-didactic can be detected as nineteenth-century American transformed itself into a secular society,it was twentieth-century criticism,which placed aesthetic value above everything else,that had no place in its doctrine for the didacticism of others.
1.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A.It explains why the fiction mentioned in the first sentence was not popular in the twentieth century.
B.It assists in drawing a contrast between nineteenth-century and twentieth-century critics.
C.It provides an example of how twentieth–century readers were taught to ignore certain literature.
D.It questions the usefulness of a particular distinction between Poe and Longfellow made by critics.
E.It explains why Poe’s stories were more popular than Longfellow’s verse during the nineteenth century.
2.In the context in which it appears,“conveying”most nearly means
A.carrying
B.transferring
C.granting
D.imparting
E.projecting
答案：D B
Passage6
During the Pleistocene epoch,several species of elephants isolated on islands underwent rapid dwarfing.This phenomenon was not necessarily confined to the Pleistocene,but may have occurred much earlier in the Southeastern Asian islands,although evidence is fragmentary.Several explanations are possible for this dwarfing.For example,islands often have not been colonized by large predators or are too small to hold viable predator populations.Once free from predation pressure,large body size is of little advantage to herbivores.Additionally,island habitats have limited food resources,a smaller body size and a need for fewer resources would thus be favored.Interestingly,the island rule is reversed for small mammals such as rodents,for which gigantism is favored under insular conditions.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.question the plausibility of one explanation sometimes offered for the dwarfing of certain species living on islands
B.argue that dwarfing of certain species living on islands occurred
prior to the Pleistocene
C.cite evidence suggesting that dwarfing may have adverse consequences for some species living on islands
D.present some possible explanations for the dwarfing of certain species living on islands
E.contrast the effects of insular conditions on species with large body size and species with small body
2.According to the passage,which of the following statements about body size in mammals is true?
A.A large body is unfavorable to mammalian species’survival under most conditions.
B.A large body tends to benefit small mammals living on islands.
C.For most herbivorous mammals,a large body size is easier to sustain in the absence of large predators.
D.Under most conditions,a small body is less beneficial to herbivorous mammals than to nonherbivorous mammals.
E.Among nonherbivorous mammals,a small body is more beneficial on an island than on a mainland.
答案：D B
Passage7
In the early twentieth century,small magazines and the innovative graphics used on them created the face of the avant-guard.It was a look that signaled progressive ideas and unconventionality because it dispensed with the cardinal rule of graphic design:to take an idea and make it visually clear, concise,and instantly understood.Instead,graphics produced by avant-guard artists exclusively for the avant-guard(as opposed to their advertising work)were usually difficult to decipher,ambiguous,or nonsensical.This overturning of convention,this assailing of standard graphic and typographic formats,was part of a search for intellectual freedom.The impulse toward liberation enabled avant-guardists to see with fresh eyes untried possibilities for arranging and relating words and images on paper.
1.According to the passage,the primary purpose of conventional graphic design is to
A.render unpopular ideas palatable to a wider audience
B.capture readers’attention with bold fonts
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,municate nonsensical notions to a wide public
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,municate ideas as efficiently and unambiguously as possible
E.introduce previously unknown ideas to the general public
For the following question,consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.According to the passage,avant-guard artists of the early twentieth-century created ambiguous or nonsensical graphics as part of an attempt to
A.expand the potential for expression through visual art
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,pete with advertisements for reader’s attention
C.encourage the expansion of small magazines
答案：D A
Passage8
According to Hill and Spicer,the term“nation-state”is a misnomer, since the ideal model of a monolingual,culturally homogeneous state has never existed,not even among Europeans,who invented the nation-state concept and introduced it to the rest of the world.Modern European states, they argue,emerged after the Renaissance through the rise of nations(i.e., specific ethnic groups)to positions of political and economic dominance over a number of other ethnic groups within the bounded political territories. The term“nation-state”,Hill and Spicer argue,obscures the internal cultural and linguistic diversity of states that could more accurately be called “conquest states.”The resurgence of multiple ethnic groups within a single state,Hill says,is not“potentially threating to the sovereign jurisdiction of the state,”as Urban and Sherzer suggest;rather,the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus to open up the possibility for a“nations-state”in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic group but do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.discuss issues relating to a form of political organization by raising doubts about the terminology used to refer to it
B.trace changes in a form of political organization by examining the evolution of the terminology used to refer to
C.justify the continued use of an established term for an evolving form of political organization
D.question the accuracy of a new term for a form of political organization
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,pare two terms for a form of political organization
2.The author of the passage quotes Urban and Sherzer most probably in order to
A.introduce a discussion of the legal ramifications of expanding the nation-state concept
B.summarize a claim about one possible effect of asserting cultural
differences within a state
C.shift the focus of discussion from internal threats that states face to external threats that they face
D.point out similarities between the threats to states seen by Urban and Sherzer and those seen by Hill
E.describe one way an ethnocentric practice has affected attempts to assert cultural differences within a state
3.According to the passage,Hill and Spicer define nations as which of the following?
A.coalitions of distinct ethnic groups with similar concerns
B.Distinct ethnic groups
C.Culturally homogeneous states
D.Linguistically diverse states
E.Territorially bounded states
答案：A B B
Passage9
From1910to1913,women suffragists in the United States organized annual parades—activity traditionally conducted by men to proclaim solidarity in some cause—not only as a public expression of suffragist solidarity but also a conscious transgression of the rules of social order: women’s very presence in the streets challenged traditional notions of femininity and restrictions on women’s conduct.While recognizing the parade’s rhetorical force as a vehicle for social change,scholars have recently begun to examine its drawbacks as a form of protest.Lumsden characterizes the American suffrage parade as a“double-edged sword”, arguing that women’s efforts to proclaim their solidarity left them open to patronizing commentary from press and public and to organized opposition from antisuffragists.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that men’s and women’s parades were similar in that both
A.were employed as rhetorical vehicles for social change
B.were regarded as violating contemporary standards of public decorum
C.made participants vulnerable to organized opposition
D.were largely ineffective as forms of protest
E.were intended by their participants as public declarations of solidarity
2.The passage suggests which of the following about proponents of the “rules of social order?”
A.They frowned upon public displays such as parades.
B.They had ulterior motives for objecting to women’s participation in
suffrage parades.
C.They formed the core of the organized opposition to women suffrage.
D.They believed that it was unfeminine for women to march in suffrage parades.
E.They supported women’s rights to vote but disapprove some of the methods that suffragists employed to gain that right.
答案：E D
Passage10
Unlike most Jane Austen scholarship before1980,much recent scholarship analyzes the novels of Austen,who lived from1775to1817,in the context of Austen’s tumultuous times,which saw the French and American revolutions and the Napoleonic Wars.Yet Frantz notes another revolution,rarely mentioned in Austen scholarship:the Great Masculine Renunciation that altered conventions in men’s dress and behavior.During the later eighteenth century,wealthy gentlemen exchanged the velvets and satins long in fashion for somber woolen suits.Frantz contends that this change reflected deeper cultural changes.The value once placed on men’s expressiveness,reflected in Mackenzie’s novel The Man of Feeling(1771), gave way to a preference for emotional restraint.In Austen’s novels,the heroine often struggles to glimpse the true nature of hero beneath his reserved exterior.
1.The author of the passage mentions The Man of Feeling(1771)in order to
A.contrast Mackenzie’s reasons for writing novels with those of Austen
B.introduce evidence regarding the influence of particular writers on Austen
C.corroborate a claim that a convention of masculine behavior changed during Austen’s lifetime
D.suggest that Austen’s novels were more reflective of their historical context than Mackenzie’s had been
E.challenge a particular misconception about the modes of behavior common among gentlemen in the later eighteenth century
2.The passage suggests which of the following about scholarship on Jane Austen?
A.Much recent scholarship has begun to place greater emphasis on gender conventions governing men’s behavior during Austen’s lifetime.
B.Some scholarship has debated whether Austen’s novels depict emotional restraint as an admiral quality.
C.Certain scholars argue that Austen’s novels do not accurately reflect cultural changes during Austen’s lifetime that changed the way gentlemen dressed and behaved.
D.After1980,scholarship on Austen shifted toward a greater emphasis on the historical context in which she wrote.
E.With few exceptions,recent scholarship depicts Austen as a writer who had little interest in the tumultuous events of her time.
答案：C D
Passage11
Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines,Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans.Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the1934-1965immigration hiatus graphically to life.A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women,who were scarce among immigrants before the1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in1965.Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.
1.According to the passage,both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?
A.Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’responses to life in the United States
B.Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United States
C.Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to the United States
D.Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’sense of Filipino identity
E.Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the1934 American curb on Filipino immigration
2.In the context in which it appears,“graphically”most nearly means
A.in writing
B.by means of drawing
C.impressionistically
D.diagrammatically
E.vividly
答案：D E
Passage12
1800Thomas Dilworth’s New Guide to the English Dialogue was being widely used to teach reading in the United States.Dilworth's primer, unlike earlier ones,stressed the importance of children’s understanding what they read.While it is in fact unlikely that children would have recognized all the vocabulary Dilworth used,that was at least his stated goal.Dilworth recognized that primers should enable children to decode words from print with the form of language they already knew:speech.In contrast, many earlier authors assumed that,just as introductory Latin texts taught children an unknown language,introductory English texts should teach English as if it,too,were an unknown language—such their esoteric choice of vocabulary,it in effect became unknown.
1.According to the passage,the“earlier authors”adopted a model for English instruction that
A.mirrored the practice used in Latin instruction
B.was originally formulated by Dilworth
C.was less esoteric than that adopted by Dilworth
D.stressed familiarity with the peculiarities of English spelling
E.emphasized the importance of fluent and articulate speech
2.The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following criticisms of English primers predating Dilworth’s?
A.Their Latinate grammatical terms poorly described the structures of English.
B.They failed to make effective use of the knowledge of language a child already possessed.
C.Their texts typically focused on subject matter that held little intrinsic interest for their readers.
D.They neglected to teach the language in a sufficiently systematic way.
E.They required a pedagogical method that few American teachers of the era possessed.
答案：A B
Passage13
Many scholars have argued that government investment in manufacturing in the southern United States during the Second World War spurred a regional economic boom that lasted into the postwar period.But much of this investment went to specialized plants,many of them unsuitable for postwar https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,rge-scale,wartime government funding led to a massive increase in the number and scale of munitions facilities.By the war’s end,216munitions establishment costing more than$3.5billion had been built,many of them located in the south.Indeed,according to one estimate,more than70percent of federally financed manufacturing construction capital in Alabama,Arkansas,Mississippi,and Tennessee went
into munitions plants.
Even in the northern regions with strong prewar manufacturing economics,these plants were difficult to deal with once the imperative of war had been removed.In the south few industrialists had the capacity or desire to transform these factories to a peacetime function.Accordingly,at war’s end almost all of the southern munitions facilities were shut down, placed on standby,operated at a very low capacity,or converted to nonmanufacturing functions,usually storage.Although some reopened a few years later for use during the Korean War,the impact of the special plants on the South’s postwar economy was marginal at best.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.propose an alternative explanation
B.challenge a widely held position
C.contrast two views of a phenomenon
D.explain why a particular claim has been influential
E.evaluate evidence used to support a particular view
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.According to the passage,some southern munitions plants built in the South during the Second World War were
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,ter reopened and used once more as munitions plants
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,ed for nonmanufacturing purposes after the war
C.originally envisioned as continuing to manufacture munitions at high capacity even after the war had ended
3.In the passage,the mention of“Alabama,Arkansas,Mississippi,and Tennessee”serves primarily to
A.suggest that some states were better than others at anticipating postwar economic needs
B.identify evidence used to support a view held by scholars mentioned at the beginning of the passage
C.suggest that federal investment in some kinds of manufacturing was excessive
D.identify the states that received the largest allocations of federal funds
E.provide information to support a point about the nature of government investment made earlier in the paragraph
答案：B AB E
Passage14
Although the passenger pigeons,now extinct,were abundant in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century America,archaeological studies at twelfth-century Cahokian sites in the present day United States examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare.Given that the sites were close to a huge passenger pigeon roost documented by John James Audubon in the nineteenth century and that
Cahokians consumed almost every other animal protein source available,
（Q2）the archaeologists conducting the studies concluded the passenger pigeon population had once been very limited before increasing dramatically in post-Columbian America.Other archaeologists have criticized those conclusions on the grounds that passenger pigeon bones would not be likely to be preserved.But all the archaeological projects found plenty of bird
bones-and even（Q1）tiny bones from fish.
1.The author of the passage mentions“tiny bones from fish”primarily in order to
A.explain why traces of passenger pigeon are rare at Cahokian sites
B.support a claim about the wide variety of animal proteins in the Cahokian diet
C.provide evidence that confirms a theory about the extinction of the passenger pigeon
D.cast doubt on the conclusion reached by the archaeologists who conducted the studies discussed in the passage
E.counter an objection to an interpretation of the data obtained from Cahokian sites
2.Which of the following,if true,would most call into question the reasoning of“the archaeologists conducting the studies”?
A.Audubon was unable to correctly identify twelfth-century Cahokian sites
B.Audubon made his observations before passenger pigeon populations began to decline.
C.Passenger pigeons would have been attracted to household food trash
D.Archaeologist have found passenger pigeon remains among food waste at eighteenth-century human settlements
E.Passenger pigeons tended not to roost at the same sites for very many generations
答案：E E
Passage15
Feminist scholars have tended to regard women in the nineteenth-century United States who elected to remain single as champions of women’s autonomy and as critics of marriage as an oppressive institution. Indeed,many nineteenth-century American women who participated in reform movements or who distinguished themselves as writers and professionals were single.Yet this view of single women tends to distort the meaning of their choices.The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal.Consequently,it became socially acceptable for women not to marry if such an ideal marriage could not be
realized with an available suitor.Thus,many women’s choice to remain single reflected not a negative view of marriage but a highly idealistic one.
1.The author of the passage implies that many nineteenth-century American women chose to remain single because they
A.believed that marriage required them to give up much of their autonomy
B.had attitudes toward marriage that were influenced by contemporary reform movements
C.wanted to take advantage of increasing opportunities to distinguish themselves as professionals
D.doubted that their own marriage would live up to their notion of what a marriage ought to be
E.had a negative view of marriage fostered by a change in social attitudes during the nineteenth century
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.The author of the passage suggests that the feminist scholars mentioned in the first sentence distort the meaning of certain nineteenth-century American women’s choices by
A.ascribing those choices to a particular attitude toward marriage
B.ignoring evidence about single women’s motives for becoming writers or professionals
C.overestimating the number of nineteenth-century American women who were single by choice.
答案：D A
Passage16
Many researchers attribute the large number of physiological and behavioral similarities between birds and mammals,which have separate evolutionary histories,to endothermy(a thermoregulatory strategy whereby warm body temperature is maintained through internal heat sources). However,Farmer argues that parental care rather than endothermy is the key to understanding the similarities between mammals and birds.According to Farmer,while endothermy provides an explanation for a few similarities, such as the presence of body insulation,endothermy is just one characteristic among many related to parental care.The two purported advantages of endothermy that have been most frequently cited by researchers are an expanded range of inhabitable environments and the ability to sustain vigorous exercise.But metabolism has to increase substantially(at great energy cost)therefore conferring any significant thermoregulatory advantage in terms of the former,and there is no causal biological linkage to explain why endothermy would be essential to sustain exercise.Farmer argues instead that endothermy evolved as a means to control incubation temperature and that the ability to sustain exercise evolved separately,as a means to improve a parent’s ability to forage and
provision its young.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.present a scientific theory that challenges a widely held theory
B.summarize the basis for a large body of scientific research
C.defend an established scientific theory in light of recent criticism
D.express skepticism about the results obtained by a particular researcher
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,pare the results of two particular scientific studies
2.Which of the following best characterizes the organization of the passage as a whole?
A.A position is noted,an alternative to that position is introduced,and then several points in support of the alternative are discussed.
B.A theory is discussed,an inconsistency within that theory is illustrated,and then a recommendation is made for further inquiry.
C.Certain research results are described,the significance of those results is explained,and then a novel interpretation of those results is summarized.
D.A question is posed,a possible answer to that question is suggested, and then evidence is provided to corroborate that answer.
E.A debate is outlined,contrasting viewpoints within the debate are discussed,and then one viewpoint is demonstrated to be correct.
3.According to the passage,Farmer concedes that endothermy provides an explanation for which of the following features shared by birds and mammals?
A.The ability to forage
B.The ability to sustain exercise
C.The instinct to care for offspring
D.Flexibility in habitat usage
E.Body insulation
答案：A A E
Passage17
Prominent among theories of the function of sleep is Meddis’immobilization hypothesis,which holds that sleep,rather than serving a restorative function,plays a protective role during times that animals cannot be usefully engaged in other activities.Meddis reasoned that animals not immediately threatened by predators would be safer if they passed the time sleeping.
However,that hypothesis cannot easily explain why one often observes a rebound in sleep time or intensity following a period of sleep deprivation. Neither does the hypothesis explain the existence of various states of sleep, which themselves may be associated with different functions.
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
1.According to the passage,the immobilization hypothesis fails to
account for which of the following facts?
A.That sleep does not appear to be a uniform and unchanging state
B.That under certain conditions animals appear to need more sleep than usual
C.That animals rarely sleep when a predator has been detected nearby
2.In the context of the passage as a whole,the highlighted portion serves primarily to
A.present the thinking that led scientists to qualify a widely accepted view
B.describe the basis on which a hypothesis was advanced
C.illustrate the kind of reasoning that is applied in a branch of science
D.explain how a hypothesis can be tested empirically
E.relate the analysis that refined a tentative explanation
答案：AB B
Passage18
In1919Britain experienced its largest ever reduction in industrial working hours,to48per week.In Dowie’s view the48-hour week played a central role in Britain’s poor economic performance during the1920s. Dowie argued that the reduction,together with rapid wage growth,drove up prices.However,Greasly and Oxley found that the First World War (1914-1918)constituted a more powerful negative macroeconomic shock to Britain’s competitiveness.And Scott argues that Dowie’s thesis ignores considerable evidence that hourly productivity improves when hours are reduced from a high base level.Crucially,Dowie’s thesis does not acknowledge that hours were reduced to around48hours a week for industrial workers in most industrialized nations at this time so far—undermining any potential impact of reduced hours on industrial productivity relative to other nations.
1.Which of the following,if true,provides the strongest support for Scott’s argument?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,panies have generally found that part-time employees are less productive than full-time ones.
B.When the total number of hours worked at a company increases owing to the addition of more employees,the usual result is improved productivity at the company.
C.When the total hours worked by all employees per week in two companies are equivalent,hourly productivity tends to be equivalent as well.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,panies whose employees usually work a high number of hours tend to have greater total costs than do similar companies whose employees work fewer hours.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba15272836.html,panies have found that total output per employee is not necessarily changed by reductions in the number of hours worked per employee.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that in the view of Greasley and Oxley
A.a reduced workweek was ultimately beneficial to employees
B.the economic effects of the reduction in working hours in1919were brief
C.Britain became less economically competitive in the1920s
D.reduced working hours were the primary cause of the economic changes observed by Dowie
E.the changes in economic performance in Britain in the1920s were unforeseen
答案：E C
Passage19
The finding that there were rock-melting temperatures on asteroids for sustained periods is puzzling:asteroids’heat source is unknown,and unlike planet-sized bodies,such small bodies quickly dissipate heat.Rubin suggests that asteroids’heat could have derived from collisions between asteroids.Skeptics have argued that a single impact would raise an asteroid’s overall temperature very little and that asteroids would cool too quickly between impacts to accumulate much heat.However,these objections assumed that asteroids are dense,solid bodies.A recent discovery that asteroids are highly porous makes Rubin’s hypothesis more plausible.When solid bodies collide,much debris is ejected,dissipating energy.Impacts on porous bodies generate less debris,so more energy goes into producing heat. Heat could be retained as debris fall back into impact craters,creating an insulating blanket.
1.The passage suggests that one factor that has made it difficult to account for the temperatures once reached by asteroids is
A.a miscalculation of the frequency of asteroid collisions
B.a misconception about asteroids’density
C.a mistaken assumption about what the heat source of the asteroids was
D.an underestimation of the rate at which small bodies lose heat
E.an erroneous view of how asteroids were formed
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that Rubin disagrees with skeptics mentioned in the passage about which of the following?
A.Whether porous bodies generate less debris when struck than do solid bodies
B.The temperatures asteroids would have to reach for their rocks to have melted
C.The likely effect of impacts on asteroids’temperatures
答案：B C
Passage20
Benjamin Franklin is portrayed in American history as the quintessential self-made man.In“Self-reliance”,Emerson asks,“Where is the master who could have instructed Franklin...?”In fact,Franklin took instruction widely,and his scientific work was highly collaborative.Friends in England sent equipment needed for his electrical experiments,others,in Philadelphia,helped him set up his workshop there.Philip Syng constructed a device for generating electrical charges,while Tomas Hopkinson demonstrated the potential of pointed conductors.Franklin,in addition to being the group’s theoretician,wrote and published its results.His fame as an individual researcher is partly a consequence of the shorthand by which when one person writes about a group’s discoveries,history sometimes grants singular credit for collective effort.
1.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
A.It states a viewpoint about Franklin with which the author disagrees.
B.It introduces new evidence about Franklin’s role in the collaborative process.
C.It explains Franklin’s reputation in terms of a broad scholarly phenomenon.
D.It emphasizes the extent to which Franklin relied on others in his workshop.
E.It describes Franklin’s approach to writing scientific results.
2.Emerson is mentioned in the passage primarily to
A.Identify the origin of a particular understanding of Franklin
B.Elaborate on a view of Franklin that the author takes issue with
C.Point to a controversial claim about Franklin’s historical legacy
D.Introduce the question of who Franklin’s main scientific influences were
E.Suggests that Franklin was resistant to collaboration with other scientists
答案：C B
Passage21
There have long been dead zones—water too low in oxygen to sustain most forms of life—in the Gulf of Mexico,which receives the waters of the Mississippi River.Scientists studied sediment cores from areas where the gulf’s most recent dead zone occurred.The scientists dated the sediment and counted species of foraminifera(marine protozoans)in the sediment;these species thrive in low-oxygen waters.As far back as1823,the foraminifera thrived especially during Mississippi River flood years(during which nutrients levels increase),suggesting that nutrients in floodwaters can trigger low-oxygen water.The foraminifera in the core samples were most
abundant after1950,when farmers began using some fertilizer,which is rich in nutrients.Researchers believe that increased use of fertilizer leads to more-extreme dead zones.
1.Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A.It reconciles two opposing theories that were discussed earlier in the passage.
B.It suggests what the initial impetus was for the studies mentioned earlier in the passage.
C.It undermines a hypothesis that was presented in the preceding sentence.
D.It describes a problem with the methodology of the studies discussed in the passage.
E.It provides evidence supporting the belief mentioned in the final sentence of the passage.
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that the“researchers”would agree with which of the following statements about the use of fertilizer?
A.If farmers near the Mississippi River decreased the amount of fertilizer that they used,the severity of the dead zones could be diminished.
B.If farmers near the Mississippi River continue their dependence upon fertilizers,foraminifera population will eventually decline.
C.If farmers near the Mississippi River stopped using fertilizers altogether,there would no longer be dead zones.
答案：E A
Passage22
Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl sulphide(DMS),which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles.These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds.Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system.According to Lovelock,Earth acts like a super organism,with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy.He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output,seeding more clouds,which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun.Then,as the climate cools,algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues.In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well,cooling benefits the algae,which remain at the ocean surface,because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink,and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form.
1.According to the passage,which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean?
A.The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.
B.The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.
C.The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.
D.Cloud formation increases over the ocean.
E.Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.
2.Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global climate control system proposed by Lovelock?
A.A fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.
B.A thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.
C.An insulating blanket that retains heat.
D.A filter used to purify water.
E.A dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room.
3.The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most likely in order to
A.Provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage.
B.Suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated.
C.Acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation.
D.Demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way.
E.Assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production.
答案：C B A
Passage23
When Earth formed4.6billion years ago,the Sun burned only70 percent as brightly as it does today.Yet Geologic record contains no evidence for widespread glaciation until2.3billion years ago.Sagan and Mullen suggested in the1970s that ammonia,a greenhouse gas,warmed early Earth’s atmosphere,but subsequent research showed that the Sun’s ultraviolet rays rapidly destroy ammonia in an oxygen-free environment, such as that of early Earth.Many scientists now attribute much of the warming of early Earth to oxygen-intolerant microbes—methanogens—that produce the greenhouse gas methane.The methanogen hypothesis could help to explain the first global ice age: 2.3billion years ago,Earth’s atmosphere began to fill with oxygen produced by other microbes—cyanobacteria—causing methanogens to decline rapidly.
部编版中考语文现代文阅读练习题(附答案) 一、现代文阅读 1．现代文阅读阅读文段，回答问题。 让经典成为引领青年成长的灯塔 我们常说，一个时代有一个时代的文艺，一个时代有一个时代的价值。青年的成长离不开大的时代背景，一些共同的价值却可以穿越时代，历久弥新。比如民族情感的归宿、对历史的敬畏、对美好情感的期待。经典的文艺作品，常常包含这样的共同价值，这些价值对青年的成长至关重要。 借助经典，青年可以感悟到生活蕴藏的无穷智慧。优秀文艺作品，可以让人重新审视真实的生活，追忆被淡忘的故事。《平凡的世界》中的孙少安和孙少平为生活默默承受着人生的苦难，在艰难中寻求生活的出路，在拼搏中表现出生存的智慧。经典作品传递出对生活的热爱、对奋斗的坚持，告诉年轻朋友什么才弥足珍贵的。 借助经典作品提炼的生活本质，青年可以形成更为成熟的思想。透过经典作品，感受主人公们“历经风雨仍从容”的自信乐观及“一次次跌倒又一次次站起来”的笃定担当。《老人与海》中那位老年渔夫，生活贫困，屡受挫折，但始终保持旺盛的生命力和坚强的意志力。它代表了经典作品所具有的震撼人心的力量。 青年的禀赋不是阅历的丰富，而是敢于筑梦、大胆试错。借助经典，青年可以效仿经典人物，大胆尝试为梦想而奋斗。当年《平凡的世界》感动我们的，正是敢于筑梦的青年形象。在今天，他们依然是让我们发现自身缺点的镜子，是青年努力奋斗、赢得未来、实现梦想的指向标。 从最近引起广泛讨论的“丧”文化，到“佛系”青年，青年话题总是牵动社会的神经。有人习惯用挑剔的眼光审视，认为新一代青年人脆弱、敏感、自私、叛逆、物质、冷漠，却忘记了他们的世界观、价值观都是时代的投射。我们不能用固化的思维去审视不断成长起来的青年一代，要辩证地看待，积极地引导。 经典或许是青年与时代对话的最好的媒介。有着温暖人心的力量。数字时代，让古今中外的经典作品形态多元，焕发新生。阅读的媒介变了，但其承载的价值不变。经典仍以醇厚的文化内涵，照亮青年前行的道路，成为指引青年精神成长的灯塔。 青年兴则国家兴，青年强则国家强。青年要重温经典，坚定理想信念，志存高远，脚踏实地，做新时代的弄潮儿。 （高伟，选自2018年1月2日《人民日报》，有删改）（1）文章的第一段有什么作用？请简要分析。 （2）为什么说经典是引领青年成长的灯塔？请分点概括回答。 （3）选出下列理解和分析不符合原文意思的一项是（） A. 《老人与海》表明经典作品具有震撼人心的力量。 B. 作者两次选用《平凡的世界》这部经典作品作为论据证明自己的观点，但两次证明的侧重点是不同的。 C. 有人认为新一代青年脆弱、敏感、自私、叛逆、物质、冷漠，其原因是他们人生道路上缺乏经典的引领。 D. 数字时代让古今中外的经典作品形态多元，这种多元化的阅读媒介让经典焕发新生，阅
小学语文经典题（课外语段阅读） 课外1： 暖色的梦 路边的小花在瑟瑟的寒风中 谦卑地开放了 仿佛大地做了一个小小的梦 纤弱的身影 投在深黑的土地上 沉默的微笑 温柔了整个世界 那几片单纯的花瓣 竟一下子使行者的眼眶涌满了泪水 开了又枯萎了 路边的小花 仿佛大地做了又一个小小的梦 1．路边的小花开了，大地做了一个“小小的梦”，她梦见了什么，请你展开想象，写一写： ______________________________________________________________ 2．面对如些谦卑的小花，“行者的眼眶涌满了泪水”，你是怎样理解的？ _____________________________________________________________________ 解题思路： 认真品读诗歌，体悟诗歌内涵；仔细阅读题目，结合诗歌内容，发挥想象，组织语言表达。 参考答案： 1．如：它梦见自己装点着这个世界，人们非常喜欢它。 2．小花默默地吐露芬芳，装点自然，温暖世界，她的生命虽然短暂，奉献虽然很小，但她深深地感动了每一个行者。 角斜小学赵兴军
课外2： 我爱水，所以我爱大海，爱长江，也爱小溪流。但是，我最爱的还是湖。 静静的湖，像是一块无瑕的翡翠，在阳光的照耀下，闪烁着美丽的光泽。 我喜欢独自一个人坐在湖畔，看着平静的湖面幻想。我想湖中一定有一个明亮的水晶宫，那是鱼儿的家园，不然它们怎么整天那么欢乐？水晶宫里一定有一块巨大的、发光的翡翠，不然湖水为什么会绿得这么美？我凝视湖面，偶尔投一枚石子，让它激起一道道波纹；或是放一只纸船，让它随着湖波飘荡。 静静的湖是可爱的，但雨中的湖更动人。 细丝般的雨丝飘下来，不停地织啊织，织出湖——这块绿色的“锦”。“锦”上无穷无尽的圆环，像美丽的姑娘绣出的朵朵鲜花。 雷雨到来时的湖真热闹。你看，天空中一道道亮光，那是开幕的礼花上了天。你听，“轰轰”，礼炮响了，大会就开始了。等大雨一落，联欢会立刻开始。你看到湖面上朵朵竞相开放的雨花了吗？那是正在翩翩起舞的金色姑娘头上的玉花。你想知道节目是否精彩吗？那“哗哗”的雷鸣般的“掌声”会把一切都告诉你。 湖是美的…… 1、给短文加上题目,写在横线上。 2、用“——”画出文中的过渡句。用“～～”画出文中前后照应的句子。 3、作者从哪几方面描写了雨中湖的什么特点？ 4、文中的“礼花”指的是，“礼炮”指的是，“玉花”指的是，“掌声”指的是。 解题指导： 新大纲明确要求：语文课程应“指导学生正确理解和运用祖国语文，丰富语言的积累，培育语感，发展思维”。如何让学生学会分析文章，领悟主要精神？一是读懂短文，知道短文讲的主要内容，作者所要表达的情感； 二是指导学生抓住短文的开头和结尾，因为一般人用文字表达思想的时候总喜欢把最为重要的东西放在开头和结尾，诸如开场白、压轴戏；
【部编语文】二年级阅读理解测试卷(有答案)经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．阅读下文，回答问题 总也倒不了的老屋（节选） “等等，老屋！”一个小小的声音在它门前响起，“再过二十一天，行吗？主人想拿走我的蛋，可是我想孵小鸡。我找不到一个安心孵蛋的地方。” 老屋低头看看，墙壁吱吱呀呀地响：“哦，是老母鸡啊。好吧，我就再站二十一天。” 二十一天后，老母鸡从破窗户里走了出来，九只小鸡从门板下面叽叽叫着钻了出来：“叽叽，谢谢！” 老屋说：“再见！好了，我到了倒下的时候了！” （1）这一部分写的是________要老屋再等等，它想________。 （2）当你读到“老屋说：‘再见！好了，我到了倒下的时候了！’”时，你会猜到什么？ 【答案】（1）老母鸡；在老屋里孵小鸡 （2）一定还会有谁出来劝说老屋不要倒下。 【解析】【分析】（1）考查概括段意的能力。可先看看这段有几句话并了解每句话的意思，接着找出每句话中的重点词或中心词语，然后把这些词语连起来，组成一句通顺的话。这一部分写的是老母鸡要老屋再等等，它想在老屋里孵小鸡。 （2）考查对课文内容的理解能力。解答时要带着问题细读课文整体感知文章内容，就能找到答案。当你读到“老屋说：‘再见！好了，我到了倒下的时候了！’”时，你会猜到一定还会有谁出来劝说老屋不要倒下。 故答案为：（1）老母鸡在老屋里孵小鸡（2）一定还会有谁出来劝说老屋不要倒下。【点评】（1）此题主要考查概括段意的能力。（2）此题考查筛选相关信息并加以概括的能力。 2．我会阅读下列短文,按要求回答问题。 小孔雀找朋友 美丽的小孔雀对妈妈说:“我很不快活,连个合适的朋友也找不到。” “小乌鸦浑身墨（mò）黑,难看极了,小啄（zhuó）木鸟整天很少说话,呆头呆脑。小百灵鸟是个调皮鬼,吵吵闹闹。所以,我不愿意和他们交朋友。” 妈妈说:“小乌鸦外表虽然黑,可是每天会捕捉很多害虫,他是十分勤劳的好孩子。小啄木鸟虽然不声不响,可是他给树木治病很认真。小百灵鸟很懂礼貌,给人们唱优美动听的歌。还有小喜鹊、小杜鹃,他们也有很多优点。” 小孔雀听着听着,高兴地说:“我懂了,我懂了。” （1）这篇短文一共有________个自然段。 （2）照样子,写词语。 吵吵闹闹（AABB ）________ ________ （3）在小孔雀的眼里,小动物们是怎么样的呢?请根据短文内容选择填空。（只填序 号）
六年级语文现代文阅读训练一 一、阅读下面的文章，完成练习。（14分） 成与功 失败者对于成功，一方面是羡慕不已，另一方面是急躁不安，巴不得一口吃成个大胖子。殊不知成功是由“成”与“功”两字组成的，成是功的积累，叫作“功到自然成”。 晋代大书法家王羲之，20年临池习书，洗笔把池水都染黑了，才有在书法上炉火纯青的造谐。功是成的基础，一个人如果想取得成功，就必须经过艰苦的奋斗，这个过程也就是功的积累过程。 一滴水从檐榻上掉下来，重重地落在石头上，“啪”的一声炸出一朵水花，可是石头上看不到丝毫的痕迹。但是，经过一年，两年……坚硬的石头终于被水滴滴穿了。 如果成功很容易，无须奋斗就能达到的话，如果成功不需要功的积累，不需要努力攀登的话，那成功就会变得廉价，失去了它原有的耀人的色泽，那我们还要成功干吗? 李时珍跋山涉水，遍尝百草，数十年如一日地搜集、整理资料，笔耕不息，才有药学巨著《本草纲目》的问世；司马迁游历名山大川，博览经典秘籍，遭受宫刑后仍忍辱负重，笔耕不辍，才有《史记》的诞生。 在通向成功的路上，既无捷径，也没有“宝葫芦”，与其坐着美慕别人“成”，倒不如站起来积累自己的“功”。须知，任何一朵鲜花的盛开，都需要花苞长期孕育；任何一枚勋章的获得，都要成功者付出相应的代价。成功是自私的，它绝不会将辉煌施舍给懒汉；成功又是公平的，它会毫无保留地将满天的灿烂星光照在坚持不懈的奋斗者身上。 1.联系上下文，解释下列词语的意思。（4分) 炉火纯青：
笔耕不辍： 2.作者提出的观点是什么?用“”画出来。（2分) 3.作者引用了哪些事例来论说自己的观点?请梳理并概括。(4分） 4.成功是什么?请你联系生活实际谈谈你对“成功”的理解。 （4分) 二、阅读下面的文章，完成练习。（16分） 画里青春 张素燕 “流光容易把人抛，红了樱桃，绿了芭蕉。”画上女子低头微笑，欲语还休，裙据飘逸，立于满图绿色之中。画纸已发黄发暗，带着岁月的斑驳痕迹。这是我青春时期画的第一幅国画仕女图。 光阴茬蒋，转眼二十载。那时在上师范，关术课上李老师教我们画国画。铺开宣纸，先临某老师的画，勾粉大致的轮廓。我一直以为画画就跟玩一样，很容易，可没想到一个看似很简单的线条画了好多次就是画不像，于是我就急躁地敷衍了事，接着画其他部分。可李老师不知何时已站在我旁边，用手指着我那条画得不好的线条，笑眯眯地看着我。他虽然什么也没说，可我却感到他眼里闪好着晶莹剔透得容不得任何污点的光芒。李老师和蔼耐心地告诉我线条的画法，并语重心长地说：“画画一定要认真细心，不可草率，你们现在刚学画画，也没有太高的要求，但一定要有耐心。那些真正的画家们作画都是细细雕琢，精益求精的。”李老师的话知醚翻灌顶，让我明白了不管做什么事情，都要用心去做，耐心去做。画画是一个用心付出的过程，来不得半 点心急。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 经典阅读题【31】《深山含笑》及答案参考答案： 1．己；佩；竞；向；撤； 2．庭院中的含笑有一种水果般的甜沁；野生的含笑散发出弥天的清香气息。野生含笑与庭院含笑相比，倒像是临风挺立的巾帼英雄。 4．第一段（第一节）、第二段（第二-三节）； 第三段（第四-五节）；深山含笑散发着弥天的清香气息，像临风挺立的巾帼英雄。 5．深山含笑像一个绝世佳人，像一个临风挺立的巾帼英雄令我赞叹，但我更敬仰和佩服在边远山区默默作贡献的知识青年。 参考答案： 1、yán yíng diào chàng 2、B 3、略 4、略 5、略 经典阅读题【34】《一分钟》及答案 1. 联系上下文，在短文的（）里填上恰当的关联词语。虽然）高大宽敞，（但是） 2. 根据意思在短文中找出相应的成语，写在（）里。 A. 好像在思考着什么。（若有所思） B. 形容整齐的样子，有秩序。（井然有序） 3. 再读一读第二自然段，结合全文选择正确的意思，画“√”。 （1）班杰明的生活习惯不好，总是把房间搞得很乱。（） （2）班杰明故意把房间弄乱，以此教育青年人。（√） （3）因为工作太忙了，班杰明没有时间收拾房间。（） 4. “只要把握住生命里的每一分钟，也就把握住了理想的人生。”请写出你对这句话的理解。 人的生命是有限的，要抓紧生活中的每一分钟，提高学习和做事效率，才有希望实现自己的理想，取得成功。 5. 请你写出珍惜时间的格言或诗句（至少两条） 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。 经典阅读题【35】《恩师》及答案 1. 选择文中括号里正确的读音和字，画“√”。 2. 在（）里填上合适的词语（不能和短文中的相同）。 （美丽）的山野（弯弯曲曲）的小路 （清澈）的小河（秀丽）的山庄 （洪亮）的声音（甜美）的微笑 3. 短文具体写了女教师的什么事迹？（简要写出来） 重点写了女教师冒雨送学生回家，把学生一个个背过小河。 4. 联系短文内容，补充结尾。 5. 请你给这篇短文加一个题目，写在短文前的横线上。恩师 经典阅读题【36】《紫藤萝瀑布》及答案参考答案： 1.只要是描写紫藤萝开得旺，生命力强的都是的 2.每一朵盛开的花。。。。。。。仙露琼浆？还有过来这么多年。。。。。。。。。。。 3.每个人在人生的道路上都会遇到各种各样的困难。但是这只是暂时的，只有生命是永恒的。我们应该勇敢的面对，而不是消极颓废。 4.作者因为紫藤萝旺盛的生命力而受到鼓舞。去在生活中奋斗。 5.随便找个比喻句或者拟人句。 经典阅读题【37】《和时间赛跑》及答案参考答案： 13、珍惜把握每一寸光阴，不虚度时光。14、为了突出时间是不可逆的，不能从头再来的，应当珍惜有限的光阴。15、作者通过“和时间赛跑”，珍惜一点一滴的时间，在有限的时间里做了更多有价值有意义的事情，使自己一生过的充实，受益无穷。16、虽然我知道人永远跑不过时间，但是人可以比自己原来的时间跑快一步，如果跑得快，有时可以快好几步。理解：如果能在有限的生命内做出更多贡献，感受更多生活，那么，可以说这个人没有虚度此生。 17、珍惜光阴，不虚度有限的时间。18、这个你自己写吧~~~~ 经典阅读题【38】《苹果皮》及答案答案 1.主要人物是“我”和“哥哥”，围绕苹果详写了得到苹果、想分苹果、还去苹果等三件事，主要是抓住人物的语言、动作、神态来具体描写的。 2.①那是“我”第一次吃到苹果，②因为第一次吃苹果皮时，才知道苹果是那么的香，那么的甜。 3.例如：①妈妈心里很矛盾：孩子长这么大没吃过苹果，应该吃；而奶奶80多岁了，以后吃苹果的机会越来越少，更应该吃。看来也只能委屈这两个孩子了！②妈妈心里很内疚：孩子这么想吃苹果，又这么懂事，不让他们尝一尝苹果，作为母亲是不是太狠心了…… 4.第一层意思是苹果皮很香很甜，第二层意思是我和哥哥学会关心他人，故意把苹果皮让给妈妈吃，妈妈很高兴，心里很香很甜。因为那次吃苹果皮让我学会了礼让，关心他人，是我美好的回忆，所以对苹果皮的滋味很难忘 经典阅读题【39】《笑》及答案答案 一、冥思苦想、左思右想、思前想后、想入非非 二、略 三、微笑、大笑、狂笑、冷笑、傻笑 四、安琪儿的笑、孩子的笑、老妇人的笑 五、C 六、2、√3、√………………… 经典阅读题【40】《成全善良》及答案答案 一、1、番2、位3、始终 二、探望痛苦杜绝 三、 B 四、A B 五、那位老人紧皱着眉头，好像在强忍着身体某处的不适。 六、明明知道自己臀部有伤口，不能坐，还要坐！ 七、那个女儿为了不让人群碰撞到父亲，一手在前面挡着人群，一手搀着父亲的胳膊上车。
语文阅读短文练习题（1）及答案 （40分钟完成） (一)人生路上没有地图 喜欢冒险的我决定去玛丽姨妈家，攀爬她家山后那座神秘的大山。姨父阿梅斯说：“真不巧，这几天我很忙，因为我的族人还等着我开会呢。还是等我有时间了再带你去吧，如果没人领着，你很可能会迷路的。” 我说：“怕什么，万一迷路了，我就用手机打你的电话，向你求救。”阿梅斯姨父笑着说：“那好吧，希望你不会迷路，这样我也不会耽误族人开会的时间。” 姨父是族长，主持族人开会，是他们族里的头等大事。我真不希望去打扰他，于是我自信地说：“不会的，我相信自己一定能够安全返回。” 我终于一个人出发了。一路上都很顺利，就在快接近山顶时，突然狂风大作。姨父说过，必须等大风过去了才能继续行走，我只得找了个避风的地方，拿出睡袋躲了进去。一个小时后，我从睡袋里爬出来，眼前竟然没有路了。 我在原地转了一圈，所有的地方都是那么眼熟，那些路看起来四通八达，又好像不是路，怎么办？我决定给姨父打电话求救，可是，除了那个睡袋，我的身边竟然什么也没有了。一定是刚才那阵大风将我的行李给刮走了。 就在我快要绝望的时候，我突然从睡袋里发现了一张地图。莫非是姨父有意放进去的？我顿时来了精神，循着地图的指引顺利找到了回家的路。 一踏进家门，正好赶上姨父散会回家。我高兴地对姨父说：“今天多亏了你的地图，要不我还真是回不了家。我的行李包括手机都给风刮跑了。” 姨父奇怪地问：“地图，你哪里来的地图？”我说：“是你放进我的睡袋里的呀。”姨父拿着那张地图，突然哈哈大笑了起来：“这哪是什么地图啊，这是你4岁的琳达表妹画的超级蜘蛛侠，你看，这些线条不都是蜘蛛的长腿吗？” 我惊奇地说：“可是，我真的是拿这张‘地图’找到下山的路的呀。” 姨父说：“你能够成功地下山，不是这张地图的功劳，而是你自己行动的结果。遇到困难，只要不消极等待，而是主动寻找解决问题的方法，就永远不会迷路！要知道，人生的路上是没有地图的。” 1.“我”能成功地下山，是因为（） A.地图的指引。 B.自己行动的结果。 C.用手机打姨父的电话求救。 2.与“遇到困难，只要不消极等待，而是主动寻找解决问题的方法，就永远不会迷路！”中的“迷路”意思相同的选项是（） A.天气不好，爸爸开车迷路了。
现代文阅读专题训练之亲情类（一） 永生的眼睛 1965年炎夏的一天，母亲被一场突如其来的疾病夺去了生命，年仅36岁。下午，一位警官来访，为医院要取母亲的眼睛角膜而征求父亲的意见。我惊呆了，不明白那些医生为什么要将母亲的角膜给予他人，而父亲居然回答“可以”。 我痛苦难忍，冲进了自己的房间。“你怎么能让他们这样对待妈妈！”我冲着父亲哭喊，“妈妈完整地来到世上，也应该完整地离去。”“琳达，”父亲平静地搂着我，“你所能给予他人的最珍贵的东西莫过.于你自身的一部分。很久以前，你妈妈和我就认为，如果我们的死亡之躯能有助于他人健康的恢复，我们的死就是有意义的。”他说，他们早已决定死后捐赠器官了。父亲的话语给我上了一生中最重要的一课。 多少年过去了，我结了婚并有了自己的家。1980年，父亲患严重肺气肿，搬来和我们同住。他愉快地告诉我，他去世后要捐赠所有尚完好的器官，尤其是眼睛。“哦，如果一个盲童能够借助我的眼睛重见光明，并能像你的女儿小温迪一样画出栩栩如生的马儿，那该多美妙啊！”温迪自幼酷爱画马，作品屡屡得奖。“哦，想想，另一对父母如果看到他们的女儿也像小温迪一样，将会多高兴啊！”父亲说，“当你们得知我的眼睛起了作用，那你们将会多自豪！” 我告诉温迪她外公的心愿。孩子热泪盈眶，过去紧紧地拥抱外公。她14岁，恰恰是当年我首次听说捐赠器官时的年龄。 1986年的一天，父亲与世长辞了，我们遵从他的遗愿捐赠了他的眼睛。温迪告诉我：“妈妈，我真为作为外公所做的一切感到骄傲。”“这令你骄傲吗？”我问。“当然，你想过什么也看不见会有多么痛苦吗！我死后，也学外公将眼睛送给失明的人。”在这一刻，我领悟到父亲所留下的远非一副角膜，他所遗留的是辉映在我女儿的眼睛里的一种骄傲！ 那天我紧紧地搂着温迪，没有想到，仅仅是两周之后，我再一次为器官捐献组织签署了同意书。我的可爱的女儿，才华横溢的小温迪，在一次交通事故中丧生了……当我签字时，她的活儿营绕在我耳际：“你想过什么也看不见会有多么痛苦吗！” 失去温迪二周后，我收到一封来自俄勒冈勇敢者角膜中心的信。信上写道：“角膜移植非常成功。现在，两位昔日盲人已重见天日。他们成为您女儿--一位极其热爱生命的女孩的活的纪念，并有幸分享她的美丽……” 我的金发的温迪手中的画笔依旧不辍地挥动着，她的碧眼仍然闪烁着骄傲的光芒。 1.这篇短文采用了第人称的写法。
语文经典阅读题及答案 我等过你 鲍尔吉?原野 (1)这几年，我的心境与詹姆斯?拉斯特乐队的曲子很贴切。这成了生活中可以称为幸福的事情之一。我听了他的几十张唱片，聆听时怀着憧憬与犹疑，听过已在心里装下充实，像从森林里归来的孩子兜里揣满松果一样。 (2)人与音乐的契合，委实是可遇而不可求的难事。作曲家与演奏家从来都是独裁者，按他们自己的方式诠释生活与哲理。听者只能用声音——唯一的传导符号来体味它背后的无限丰富。当然，伟大的音乐家——让自己的作品引起大多数人共鸣的音乐家——也由此诞生。风烛残年的贝多芬，耳朵全聋了，仍执意指挥《第九交响曲》。这是令乐人们为难的事，又得配合。贝多芬眼盯着乐谱，手臂僵舞，他的耳朵里静悄悄的。乐人们小心地瞟他的手势，他们明知贝氏听不见，但生怕拉错一个音符。乐曲结束了，全场掌声潮起。穿着燕尾服的维也纳人起立鼓掌，眼里漾着热泪。他们尤为结尾《欢乐颂》这一为人类祈祷的乐思所感染。贝多芬却依旧木然。女高音卡洛琳?婉格只好以不大礼貌的方式，抓住他的衣袖，指一指观众席。风湿蹒跚的老贝慢慢转过身来，认真地睽视着观众少顷，尔后鞠躬致谢。 (3)还是回到詹姆斯?拉斯特。说到贝多芬，我会总有一种冲动，像说到苏格拉底这样的圣徒一样。我只想说，他们作品的伟大，像辘辘把的绳子一圈挨一圈致密绕在人格的圆木上。詹姆斯?拉斯特没有贝多芬那么伟大，至少现在还没有人这样说。他只是一个乐队的组织者和指挥家。他所做的是把所有好的音乐作品加以改编，从古典乐曲片段到流行电影插曲。在编配与气质上，使之具有独一无二的詹姆斯?拉斯特的风格。
(4)他是通俗乐队，但本质上却很古典，典雅悠然，富于沉思。在詹姆斯?拉斯特那里，无论是对往昔的回顾，对世事的前瞻，都与我的心性契合——那是一种漫不经心的中庸之美，没有令人眼湿的激情。譬如说描写爱情，其感人处如脚下激起的细碎浪花，瞬间变幻而消隐，耳畔更多的是潮音与涛声，却没有兜头的狂澜。 (5)在照片上，詹姆斯?拉斯特，这位德国不来梅的老头，灰白的金发很长，唇髭整齐，下颏的胡须剪得很好看，古铜色的脸膛上永远带着宁静明朗的笑。这个我心中默默信赖的人，他使我这个没有受过很好音乐教育的人，渐渐理解了许多西方古典乐曲，得以同大师进行儿童与巨人式的沟通。我感谢他。 (6)听老詹。在他的曲子里，我悟出典雅、开阔与不避俗亦为文章之道。在这些纷纷如落叶的乐声里，我寂寞地写着自己的文章。许多时候，环顾左右，也只有老詹的乐声相伴。 (7)还能说什么呢?南非诗人乔科写道：“我只能说——我等过你。” (选自《掌心化雪》，有改动) 1.文章开篇说“这几年，我的心境与詹姆斯?拉斯特乐队的曲子很贴切”，从全文来看，这种“贴切”具体而言是针对什么来说的?(3分) 2.文章用了为数不少的文字表现贝多芬，分析作者这样写的用意。(6分)
部编版七年级语文现代文阅读训练经典题目(及答案)50(1) 一、现代文阅读 1．现代文阅读阅读下面的文章，完成下列小题。 ①20世纪四十年代末，由于美国科学家发明了一种利用测量原子稳定能级之间跃迁的方式来计时的方法后，计时方式进入了所谓的“原子钟时代”。 ②原子钟的计时方式是采用测量一种稳定的原子能级之间的跃迁频率作为计时的方法。在1967年，国际度量衡大会决定采用原子钟来定义基本时间单位。到20世纪末，一方面通过进一步对原子钟的使用条件进行严格规定，另一方面通过技术改进，例如使用激光冷却和原子俘获，以及更精密的激光光谱技术，使原子钟的精确性有了更大的提高。这种精确的计时装置使时间的计量更加统一和准确，为科学技术研究、现代生产活动和人们的日常生活都带来了很大的方便，于是有人将之称为“时间魔盒”。 ③进入21世纪，科学家不但在原子钟的准确性方面继续努力，还在原子钟的微型化和节能化方面狠下功夫，使得新一代原子钟实现了芯片级的跃升，所需能量也大大降低，从而在稳定性和精密性方面再一次得到了极大的优化，并进入到了商业化推广阶段。 ④当前，原子钟在工作物质方面也开始多样化，不再限于铯元素。工作模式则分为光学原子钟和量子原子钟等多种不同的模式。原子钟甚至已经突破了单纯原子的界限，开始朝着原子核和单个离子特性测量的方向发展。特别重要的进展还在于，如今的原子钟________已作为一种精确的计时装置得到应用，________成为科学家研究宇宙天体乃至地形地貌等更广泛科学领域的新型探测工具。 ⑤我们已经知道时间并非绝对均匀的流逝过程，在不同的引力条件下时间流逝是有一定差异的。反映到原子钟的运行上，其时间快慢也由于引力场的作用而有所差异。但一般原子计时装置可能无法觉察到这种微小差异，只有超精密的原子钟才有可能探测到这个差异。基于这个思路，在目前更新一代原子钟技术的基础上，科学家开始通过探测其时间差异来研究不同宇宙天体的变化所引起的引力波现象。据英国《自然》杂志的报道，科学家也在利用便携式微型精密原子钟来测量山脉的高度，其原理也是基于山峰和谷底引力变化所导致的时间差异。 ⑥可以预见，随着原子钟技术的不断发展，一方面其为更广阔的科学技术领域，例如宇宙天体、人造卫星、地形地貌、半导体芯片等的研究应用创造新的机会，另一方面也将普及到更广泛的生产和生活领域，为人们的日常生活带来更多的便利。 （1）①请用比喻的修辞为本文拟写一个恰当的标题，要求题目中包含本文的说明对象。________ ②从全文看，本文依次介绍了原子钟的发明、特点、________、________。 （2）下列对文章内容理解和分析不正确的一项是（） A. 第②段划线句用举例子的说明方法，说明了技术改进的方式和作用。 B. 直到21世纪，新一代原子钟实现了芯片级的跃升，才使得原子钟在精确性方面有了极大的提高。 C. 第⑤段援引英国《自然》的报道，说明了原子钟在科研上的应用原理。 D. 在原子钟的运行上，其时间快慢也由于引力场的作用而有所差异。但只有超精密的原子钟才有可能探测到这个差异。
经典阅读题及答案【1000道】 经典阅读题【559】《吃蚕蛹》 前几天，邻居给我家送来些蚕蛹，让我们炸着吃。我看到那些黑糊糊的在盆里蠕动的蚕蛹，不由得打了个冷[ ]，起了一身鸡皮疙瘩。心想：这些小东西放在外面会不会变成蛾子？吃了会不会变成蛾子在肚子里乱飞？……我不敢[ ]想下去了。因为这些东西长得太吓人了，跟书上画的一模一样。 这天，爸爸炸了一些让我们尝尝。我看见爸爸吃的可香啦！心里也想吃。爸爸见我这副模样，便让咬一个尝尝。我闭着眼，屏着气咬了一口。哇……好难吃！我发誓再也不吃蚕蛹了！ 今天，爸爸又炸了一些蚕蛹，不知怎么回事，“馋虫”又在我肚子里张开了小嘴儿，脑袋朝上，想吃蚕蛹了。我使劲向下沿着口水，实在[ ]制不住自己了，便找爸爸要了几个，咦？这次怎么比上次好吃呢？我顾不得这些了，又找爸爸要了几个。开[ ]我吃蚕蛹的白肉，别的什么也不吃；后来连皮带肉一起吃。我吃得津津有味。 噢□我敢吃蚕蛹喽□蚕蛹不仅味美□而且还含有许多营养呢□ 1 给带点字选择正确读音，并画“√”。 炸（zhàzhá）模（mómú）朝（cháo zhāo） 2 写出下列词语的反义词。 睁——（）吐——（）放纵——（） 3 在“[]”内选择正确的字画上“√”。 [战站占] [再在] [课刻克] [始使] 4请你解释。 蠕动： 津津有味： 5给最后一自然段加标点。 6 （1）文中的“我”开始是怎么吃得，感觉如何？用“”在文中标出。 （2）后来又是怎么吃？用“”在文中标出。 7 生活中你有没有类似的体会，写一写。 【参考答案】 1. zhá √mú √cháo √ 2. 闭咽收敛 3. 战√再√刻√始√ 4. 蠕动：像蚯蚓爬行一样行动。 津津有味：形容有滋有味；有趣味。 5. ！！。！ 6. 我闭着眼，屏着气咬了一口。哇……好难吃！我发誓再也不吃蚕蛹了
语文真题阅读理解及答案(22) 阅读下面的文字，完成(1)~(4)题。(25分) 吴良镛：筑梦人生 ①1922年的春深时节，吴良镛出生于南京一个普通职员家庭。年少的他，目睹了收账人无情揭走自家的屋瓦，凄风苦雨中一家人被迫告别祖居。1937年南京沦陷前，他先后到武汉、重庆求学;1940年在重庆合川参加大学招生考试时，他亲历了日军战机对大半座城市的轰炸。流离失所、国破家亡的血泪，促使青年吴良镛默默许下宏愿，在内心树立起“谋万人居”理想。 ②1950年，吴良镛结束在美国的研读深造，投身于新中国建设，协助梁思成创办了清华大学建筑系。此后，风雨数十载，以解决中国实际问题为导向，从城市规划、建筑设计到教书育人，他不知疲倦地奔忙着，孜孜探求着中国特色的城市规划建设之路。他指出，西方建筑史是“石头的历史”，而中国古代建筑史是“土木的历史”，因此，北京旧城这个世界城市无与伦比之杰作的保护工作尤为不易。随着一批批新建筑、一座座新城市的拔地而起，吴良镛的心头却日益萦绕着浓密的困惑。他认为，旧城的改造不仅要满足现代生活的舒适要求，还要与原
有的历史环境密切结合。 ③“自古太守多诗人。”在吴良镛看来，作为城市规划者的市长，不仅要具备革命家的情操，还应具有诗人的情怀、史学家的渊博。“衣服破了一定要扔掉吗?是不是想想办法，例如打个漂亮补丁或绣上图案。”相对于大拆大建，吴良镛提出了“有机更新”理论和建造“类四合院”住房体系的构想。他的这一理论，被成功应用于北京菊儿胡同四合院改造工程。菊儿胡同居民曾一直被危房、积水等问题困扰着。由于许多改造方案与旧城风貌保护冲突，改造项目一直停滞在规划层面。吴良镛说：“民惟邦本，普通人的居住问题是建筑最本质、最核心的内容。”他不辞辛劳，反复修改施工方案，每天拖着装满资料的小车到建筑馆工作，或奔波于尘土飞扬的工地。改造后的菊儿小区白墙黛瓦，与周边的老房子浑然一体。在这样一座“类四合院”里，邻里进出打招呼，有了困难互相帮，北京城原有的历史环境和生活情境得以延续。 ④创造与自然和谐的人居环境，让人们能诗情画意般栖居在大地上，这是吴良镛一生不变的梦想。提到这个梦想时，他的脸上总是带着欣慰的笑容。辛勤耕耘在教育第一线的他，言传身教，桃李芬芳。他常常对学生说：
经典阅读习题 改变一生的闪念 这是我的老师的故事，至今珍藏在我心里，让我明白在人世间，其实不应 该放过每一个能够帮助别人的机会。 多年前的一天，她正在家里睡午觉，突然电话铃响了，她接过来一听，里 面传来一个陌生粗暴的声音：“你家的小孩偷书，现在被我们抓住了，快来啊！”从话筒里传来一个小女孩的哭闹声和旁人的呵斥声。 她回头望着正在看电视的唯一的女儿，心中立刻明白过来，肯定是有一个 女孩因为偷书被售货员抓住了，而又不肯让家里人知道，所以胡扯了一个电话号码，却碰巧打到这里。 她本可以放下电话不理，甚至也可以斥责对方，因为这件事和她没有任何 关系。但通过电话，她隐约设想出，那是一个一念之差的小女孩，现在一定非常惊慌害怕，正面临着也许是人生中最尴尬的境地。犹豫了片刻之后，她问清了书店的地址，匆匆忙忙地赶了过去。 正如她所料的那样，在书店里站着一个满脸泪痕的小女孩，而旁边的大人 们，正恶狠狠地大声斥责着。她一下子冲了上去，将那个可怜的小女孩搂到怀里，转身对旁边的售货员说：“有什么事就跟我说吧，我是她妈妈，不要吓着孩子。”在售货员不情愿的嘀咕声中，她交清了罚款，领着这个小女孩走出了书店。看着那张被泪水和恐惧弄得一塌糊涂的脸，她笑了笑，将小女孩领到家中，好好清理了一下，什么都没有问。小女孩临走时，她特意叮嘱道，如果你要看书，就到阿姨这里来吧。惊魂未定的小女孩，深深地看了她一眼，便飞一般地跑掉了。从此再也没有出现。
一晃十几年过去了。一天中午，门外响起了一阵敲门声。她打开房门后， 看到了一位年轻漂亮的陌生女孩，满脸笑容，手里还拎着一大堆礼物。“你找谁？”她疑惑地问。但女孩却激动地说出了一大堆话。好不容易，她才从那陌生女孩的叙述中，恍然明白，原来她就是当年那个偷书的小女孩，已经大学毕业，现在特意来看望自己。 女孩眼睛里泛着泪光，轻声说道：“虽然我至今都不明白，您为什么愿意充当我妈妈，解脱了我，但我总觉得，这么多年来，一直好想喊您一声妈妈。”老师的眼睛开始模糊起来，她有些好奇地问道：“如果我不帮你，会发生怎样的结 果呢？”女孩轻轻地摇着头说：“我说不清楚，也许就会去做傻事，甚至去死。”老师的心猛地一颤。 望着女孩脸上幸福的笑容，她也笑了。 （2016 年上海小升初试题） 1请用简洁的语言概括故事的主要内容。 _ _2第五自然段中“正如她所料的那样”在文中具体指的是什么？ _ _ 3 文中第五自然段和第八自然段都写到了老师的笑，两次笑的原因分别是 什么？ _ _
(完整word版)六年级上册语文阅读练习题及答案 亲爱的读者： 本文内容由我和我的同事精心收集整理后编辑发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行详细的校对，但难免会有错误的地方，如果有错误的地方请您评论区留言，我们予以纠正，如果本文档对您有帮助，请您下载收藏以便随时调用。下面是本文详细内容。 最后最您生活愉快 ~O(∩_∩)O ~
六年级上册语文阅读练习题及答案《母爱是一根穿针线》 母亲为儿子整理衣服时，发现儿子衬衣袖子上的纽扣松动了。 她决定给儿子钉一下。∥ 儿子很年轻，却已经是一名声誉日隆的作家。天赋和勤奋成就了他的今天。母亲因此而骄傲——她就是作家的母亲! 屋子里很静，只有儿子敲击键盘的嘀嘀嗒嗒声，为他行云流水的文字伴奏，母亲能从儿子的神态上看出，他正文思泉涌。她在抽屉里找针线时，不敢弄出一点声响，惟恐打扰了儿子。还好，母亲发现了一个线管，针就插在线管上。她把它取出来，轻轻推好抽屉。 可她遇到了麻烦，当年的绣花女连针也穿不上了。一个月前她还穿针引线缝被子，现在明明看见针孔在那儿，就是穿不上。 她不相信她视力下降得那么厉害。再次把线头伸进嘴里濡湿，再次用左手的食指和拇指把它捻得又尖又细，再次抬起手臂。让眼睛与针的距离最近，再试一次——还是失败。 再试…… 可线仍未穿进针眼里。∥
儿子的眼睛热了。他这才想起许久不曾和母亲交流过感情，也没有关心过她的衣食起居了。 妈，我来帮你。儿子离开电脑，只一刹那，丝线穿针而过。母亲笑纹如花。用心为儿子钉起纽扣来，像在缝合一个美丽的梦。∥ 儿子知道今后该怎样做了。因为，母亲很容易满足，比如，只是帮她穿一根针，实现她为你钉一颗纽扣的愿望，使她付出的爱畅通无阻。如此简单。∥ 1、题目是用打比方的手法写的，他把母爱比作，你把母爱比作。 2、把第二自然段中加点的词换成一个近义词填在括号里，使句子的意思不变。 3、文中省略号的用法是：________________________。 4、句中说“儿子知道今后该怎样做了。”你知道该怎样做吗？ ________________________________________________ ____________。 5、说说”母亲美丽的梦”是什么？
【部编语文】阅读理解练习题(含答案)经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解练习 1．阅读下文，回答问题 拔萝卜 一天，小兔子来拔萝卜，它拔啊拔，就剩下一个大大的萝卜没有拔完，它就去拔那根大 萝卜。可是它怎么拔也拔不上来，它急得转圈跑。小狗看见了，对它说：“我来帮你拔萝卜吧。”它们俩一起拔呀拔，还是拔不上来，这时候小熊来了，它们俩一起说：“小熊的力气大，你来帮我们拔萝卜吧。”小熊说：“好吧。”它们又一起拔啊拔，还是拔不出来，，最后 小象来了，对它们说：“我来帮你们拔萝卜吧”。于是，小象就用长鼻子把一些萝卜叶子卷 上，使劲拔。终于把大萝卜拔上来了。小兔高兴地说：“小狗，小熊，小象，谢谢你们帮我 拔萝卜，我们晚上一起吃蜜汁大萝卜吧！” 到了晚上，小狗，小象，还有小熊都来了，小象先把大萝卜用鼻子卷到了桌子上，小狗 负责把皮刮掉，小兔把大萝卜切开，小熊往上边抹了很多很多的蜜汁。这下，大萝卜成了 又香又脆的蜜汁大萝卜。它们每人都咬一口，呀！这个蜜汁大萝卜实在是太甜了！ （1）这篇短文共________个自然段。 （2）小兔子在拔萝卜，最后一个大萝卜拔不动，________、________、________来帮小兔子拔萝卜。 （3）这个故事告诉我们什么道理？________ A. 团结的力量大。 B. 小象的力气最大了。 C. 蜜汁大萝卜真好吃。 【答案】（1）2 （2）小狗 ；熊 ；小象 （3）A 【解析】 2．读短文，完成练习。 两只小鸟 雨，哗哗哗地下着，树叶、树干全被淋湿了。飞禽走兽都在寻找避雨的地方。 有两只聪明的小鸟，飞到草地上，躲进蘑菇伞下。蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。 一只小鸟说：“我的左边淋雨了，你往右边靠一靠！” 另一只小鸟说：“我的右边淋湿了，你往左边靠一靠！” 你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……两只小鸟红着脸蛋儿，你看看我，我看看你，不知说什么好！ 雨，仍在哗哗哗地下着…… （1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。 （2）在文中找出下列词语的近义词或反义词。 ①近义词：争——________
中考语文诗歌鉴赏+现代文阅读试题经典及解析 一、中考语文诗歌鉴赏训练 1．阅读下面的诗歌，完成小题。 赤壁 杜牧 折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。 东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。 （1）诗歌开头从一把不起眼的折戟写起，运用了什么写作手法？有何作用？ （2）请歌后两句抒发了诗人怎样的思想感情？ 【答案】（1）运用了以小见大的写作手法，借一件古物兴起对历史的慨叹，为下文铺垫。 （2）诗人借周瑜火烧赤壁的胜利慨叹历史上英雄成名的机遇，抒发自己生不逢时，有政治军事才能而不得施展的抑郁不平。 【解析】【分析】（1）“折戟”为小；“赤壁之战”为大，“国家的命运”为大。“折戟”是引起诗人抒发感情的工具，同时为下文情感的抒发做铺垫。 （2）“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”：倘若当年东风不帮助周瑜的话，那么铜雀台就会深深地锁住东吴二乔了。这里涉及到历史上著名的赤壁之战。这对于诗人而言是相当清楚的，因为杜牧本人有经邦济世之才，通晓政治军事，对历史时事是非常熟悉的。众所周知，赤壁之战吴胜曹败，可此处作者进行了逆向思维大胆地设想，提出了一个与历史事实相反的假设。假若当年东风不帮助周瑜的话，那结果会如何呢？诗人并未直言战争的结局。而是说“铜雀春深锁二乔”，铜雀台乃曹操骄奢淫乐之所，蓄姬妾歌姬其中。这里的铜雀台，让人不禁联想到曹操风流的一面，又言“春深”更加深了风流韵味，最后再用一个“锁”字，进一步突显其金屋藏娇之意。把硝烟弥漫的战争胜负写得如此蕴藉，实在令人佩服。借赤壁之战这则历史故事，表现了诗人英雄无用武之地的抑郁不平之气。 故答案为：⑴运用了以小见大的写作手法，借一件古物兴起对历史的慨叹，为下文铺垫。（2）诗人借周瑜火烧赤壁的胜利慨叹历史上英雄成名的机遇，抒发自己生不逢时，有政治军事才能而不得施展的抑郁不平。 【点评】⑴本题考查诗歌写作方法及作用，注意结合句子内容，明确以小见大的写作手法及铺垫作用。 ⑵本题考查诗句思想感情的把握，注意明确句意，结合时代背景明确思想感情。 2．阅读下面的诗歌，完成后面小题。 江城子·密州出猎 （北宋）苏轼 老夫聊发少年狂，左牵黄，右擎苍，锦帽貂袭，千骑卷平冈。为报倾城随太守，亲射虎，看孙郎。 酒耐胸应尚开张，鬓微霜，又何妨！持节云中，何日遣冯唐？会挽雕弓如满月，西北望，射天狼。 （1）请赏析词首句中“狂”字的妙处。
问题1得0 分，满分3 分超星图书浏览器是[B]，cnki专用阅读器是[C]，阿帕比图书浏览器是[A] A 的正确答案： ApabiReader B 的正确答案： SSReader C 的正确答案： CAJViewer 问题2得0 分，满分3 分中文社会科学引文索引的英文缩写为[B]、是由[A]大学创办的、包括的学科类别有[C]种 B 的正确答案： CSSCI A 的正确答案：南京 C 的正确答案： 24 问题3得2 分，满分2 分在参考文献著录时，网络资源的文献类型用[1]表示，网上电子公告的文献类型 用[2]表示，网上期刊的文献类型用[3]表示，联机网上数据库的文献类型用[4]表示。 正确答 案： 在参考文献著录时，网络资源的文献类型用OL表示，网上电子公告 的文献类型用EB/OL表示，网上期刊的文献类型用J/OL表示， 联机网上数据库的文献类型用DB/OL表示。 问题4得0 分，满分2 分按从上到下的顺序选择，Science direct数据库中，下列检索途径属于文献外部特征的有[1]、[2]，属于文献内部特征的有[3]、[4]。 正确答 案： 按从上到下的顺序选择，Science direct数据库中，下列检索途径属 于文献外部特征的有AUT、AFF，属于文献内部特征的有ABS、 KEY。 问题5得2 分，满分2 分不能进行跨库检索的是[2]，能按会议举办方检索文献的数据库是[1]，维普数据库中任意字段用[3]表示 正确答 案： 不能进行跨库检索的是维普数据库，能按会议举办方检索文献的数 据库是万方数据库，维普数据库中任意字段用U表示 问题6得2 分，满分2 分"《人民日报》的国内统一刊号是[1],《浙江日报》的国内统一刊号[2]，杂志《读者》的国内统一刊号是[3]。"
二年级阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．阅读下文，回答问题。 厨师小山羊 小猴在树林里摘了一个黄黄的果子，咬了一口：“哎，酸死了！”原来是个柠檬．他随手一丢。 厨师小山羊看见了，摘回几个柠檬。下午吃点心的时候，小山羊给大伙儿送来甜甜的蛋糕和茶，每杯茶里还放了一片黄黄的柠檬，又酸又香，吃起来别有风味。 小兔在草丛里摘了一个红红的果子，啃了一下：“哎，辣死了！”原来是个红辣椒，他随手一抛。 厨师小山羊看见了，摘回几个红辣椒，烧了一碗麻辣豆腐，大伙儿吃得津津有味，胃口大开。 爱动脑筋的小山羊，把酸的、辣的，都变成好吃的了。 （1）“胃口”有两个意思：①指食欲；②借指对事物或活动的兴趣、欲望。在短文中的意思是________。 （2）柠檬是________（酸辣）的，可小山羊把它做成了________。 （3）短文中，小山羊________的好品质值得我们学习。 【答案】（1）① （2）酸；柠檬茶 （3）爱动脑筋 【解析】 2．阅读下文，回答问题。 当世界年纪还小的时候，每样东西都必须学习怎么生活。星星聚集排列成星座，有一些星星________试着排成长颈鹿，________是棕榈（lǘ）树，________试了试排成玫瑰，________才决定排成大熊星座。同时，还有其他的星星排成摩羯座、天龙座、金牛座、天鹅座。 石头就简单多了，它们只需不断变硬变重。它们是最先完成的东西。风刚开始很安静，就好像它根本不存在似的，突然，不知怎么地，它发现自己可以吹。 那时候生活就是这么简单，每样东西只要去发掘什么事最容易做就行了。对火来说容易的事，对木头就未必；对鱼来说简单的事，对鸟就未必；对树根来说容易的事，对树枝就未必。 （1）选一选，在短文中的横线上填入表示先后的词语。 最后然后先又 星星聚集排列成星座，有一些星星________试着排成长颈鹿，________是棕榈（lǘ）树，________试了试排成玫瑰，________才决定排成大熊星座。 （2）星星聚集排列成________，石头学会了________，风发现了________。 （3）读了短文中画横线的句子，你明白了什么？（）