Ⅰ. True or False:
1. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on a regular basis. F
2. Christianity was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century. F
3. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the British monarch is required to be a member of the Church of England. F
4. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury. T
5. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs. F
6. In 1994 the first women were ordained as priests in the Anglican Church. T
7. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control. F
8. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the Free Churches in Britain. F
9. The UK has the second largest Jewish community in Western Europe. T
10. Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the state or the community, religion in Britain is separated from politics. T
Ⅱ. Multiple choices:
1.__A______ is the largest of the Free Churches.
A. The Baptists
B. The Methodist Church
C. The Roman Catholic Church
D. The Church in Wales
2. Established Churches in Britain are ____B_______.
A. Church of England and Church of Wales
B. Church of Wales and Church of Scotland
C. the Anglican Churches
D. Church of England and Church of Scotland
3. The Free Churches do NOT include ____A_____.
A. the Church of England
B. the Methodist Church
C. the Baptist Church
D. the United Reformed Church
4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are _B______.
A. the Moslems
B. the Buddhists
C. the Hindus
D. the Jews
5. The Church of Scotland is a _____A___ church.
A. Methodist
B. Baptist
C. Presbyterian
D. Catholic
6. In Great Britain, the _____C______ is uniquely related to the Crown.
A. Church of England
B. Church of Scotland
C. Church of Ireland
D. Church of Wales
7. The members of ____A___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.
A. the Anglican Church
B. the Church of England
C. the Roman Catholic Church
D. the Free Churches
8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ____B____.
A. Canterbury and York
B. London and York
C. Durham and Canterbury
D. London and Winchester
Ⅲ. Discuss the relations between church and state in the UK.
Men consume more than women in general as well as in watching TV, listening to radio and music, on hobbies and sport. In contrast, women are more likely than men to spend time reading or spend time with other people.
Young people are the most likely age group to go to the cinema. About 89% of the young are Internet users, compared with 16% of those aged 65 and over.
The professional classes are much more likely to engage in active leisure activities than the unskilled, particularly outside the home.
American History ?I. America in the colonial era ?II. The War of Independence ?III. The Civil War ?IV. America during the two World Wars I. America in the colonial era ?Who were the very first Americans? ?Who was the first one discovering the new continent? ?After whom was the new continent named? I. America in the colonial era ?1.The very first Americans were Indians. ●They created their civilization, known as Maya civilization, dominating Mexico and Central America from 4th to the 10th centuries. ●They were the descendants of the Mongoloid (蒙古人种的) people in Asia. ●About 20,000 years ago, they traveled to the North American continent across the Bering Strait (白令海峡). ?2. Christopher Columbus is believed to have discovered America. ●In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America. However, he believed he had reached India and called the natives Indians. ?In 1500, Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, also under the Spanish flag, drew the conclusion that what he found was a new continent. 3. The establishment of colonies ?Since the America was found, the Spanish established many colonies: Florida, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. ?In 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy，which put England in a better position to provide support for its New World colonies. 3. The establishment of colonies ?Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. ?These 13 colonies were established in different patterns: ●crown colonies ( 直辖殖民地), ●proprietary colonies ( 业主殖民地), ●charter colonies ( 特许公司殖民地), ●self-governing or compact colonies ( 自治殖民地或契约殖民地). ?1) The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia , in 1607. ?2) In 1620, a group of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth, and built the New Plymouth colony in New England. These Pilgrims drew up the epoch-making Mayflower Compact (五月花契约), which was signed by all adult males on the ship. 3. The establishment of colonies ?3) From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony. ?Plymouth remained a separate colony until 1691 when it was combined with Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans ?People who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England. ?"Puritan" refers to two distinct groups: ?"separating" Puritans, radical Protestants, such as the Plymouth colonists, the pilgrims, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; and ?“non-separating” Puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who believed in
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
英国概况 英格兰面积最大 苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府 威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府 北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府 伦敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺，这里有议会houses of parliament，包含大钟楼big ben，白厅whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫，还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。 The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章，亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。 议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。 玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革： Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎（duduo）打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。 亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。 文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance 文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期，罗马教会经历新教改革，人文主义兴起，海外探索（大航海时代？）。 英国内战The Civil Wars 是国王和议会间的战争，Norttingham King Charles和议会开战，国王军是Cavaliers(骑士)，议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)，因为他们短发。查尔斯战败，克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命，因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度，甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度，被认为是世界现代史的开端。 王朝复辟The Restoration 克伦威尔死后，儿子Richard 继位，但是统治失败，议会选择让上代国王流放法国的儿子King Charles 二世回归。 光荣革命The Glorious Revolution 奥兰治王室（William of Orange橘子？英国的名字真搞笑），用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案，英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。 辉格党和托利党（Whigs and Tories） 两党名称来自光荣革命，辉格党就是后来的Liberal party，托利党是Conservative party
北京外国语大学考研复试经验——英国研究方向复试经验 复试用书： 1.《当代英国概况》（第3版），肖惠云主编，上海外语教育出版社，2010/2013年。 2.《英语国家社会与文化入门》上册（第3版），朱永涛主编，高等教育出版社，2011年。 3.《英语国家概况》余志远主编，外语教学与研究出版社，2005年。 历年复试分数线： 2015年：政治、二外52分，两门专业课总分217分，总分345分。 2014年：政治、二外55分，两门专业课总分199分，总分350分。 2013年：政治、二外54分，两门专业课总分208分，总分350分。 2012年：政治、二外52分，两门专业课总分234分，总分345分。 2011年：政治、二外55分，两门专业课总分203,分，总分355分。 （注意：复试分数线出来以后两周就是复试时间，而复试的三本英语书都很厚、内容特别多。所以，一定要早点开始看书。建议初试完之后，就直接准备复试。） 笔试 红皮的《当代英国概况》是最重点的，政治制度、政党、经济、福利、外交这些都是重中之重，一定要扎扎实实看完了然后做笔记整理。我时间太紧都是跳着看的，只看了重点章节，其实最好还是都通读一遍，有个女生面试就被问到了英国信仰的问题。每个政党的经济政策的线一定要整理出来，我们今年最后的essay就考的工党在二战后直到九十年代的主要经济政策及其影响和评价。 朱永涛的《英语国家社会与文化入门》内容上有很多重合的，最好也能整理笔记，把后面的terms最好会背，经常考。 蓝皮的《英语国家概况》简单看看就行，了解一下历史，考的时候并不多。有人甚至说完全不用看，我大概看了不到一半。但我还是把中文书上的英国历史看了好几本，自己平时也比较爱看，有一些积累，至少要把历史线能理出来。 注意时事的积累，比如2014年9月苏格兰独立公投这种见证历史的重大事件，想都不用想肯定是考点的，我从各种网上、书上、杂志上、社评上把这件事的前因后果、历史背景都理出来了，最后复试笔试果然考了一道大题。
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
填空题 Chapter 1 1.The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe. They are cut off from the continent by the English Channel. On the north and the east the Isles face the North Sea,and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean. The full title of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.Before the early 20th century, Northern Ireland was part of Ireland as a whole. In 1920, it become part of the United Kingdom, with a separated parliament and self-government. There were originally six countries in Northern Ireland. But since 1973 it has a single-tier system of 26 administrative districts. 4.The climate in Britain is moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude. The climate is generally equable, but the day to day conditions are changeable. Chapter 2 1.The Welsh, the Scots, the Irish are the descendants of Celts who came from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion. It was these people whom the Germanic Anglos and Saxons conquered in the5th and 6th centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors were conquered in turn by the Norman French, when
一、概况 1.50 States Its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific. 2.Races and Population 在东部时间2006年10月17日早晨7点46分，美国人口总数突破三亿大关，这是美国人口史上具有里程碑意义的一刻。3.06188亿（2009年，世界国家和地区第3名，次于中国、印度） 3.The Composition of American Population 1)The Majority:the descendants of immigrants from European countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, and Spain;“Pilgrim Fathers”;Potato famine 2)The Minorities:The African Americans: black slaves from Africa;Indians: the number of native Americans has been falling, no more than a million;The Hispanics: immigrants or descendents of immigrants from Latin America, such as Cuba and Mexico (Mexicans are the most numerous among them);Asian-Americans, from China, Japan and Korea;More than a million Chinese-Americans, most of whom live in Hawaii, on the West Coast and in some big cities;5 million Jews in America, many of whom went there during the Second World War and achieved great success in America. 3)“The Melting Pot”:It means immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.“old immigrants”: came to America before 1860;“new immigrants”, after 1860.The Immigration Quota Law was passed by the American government in 1924. 二、Early History 1.Columbus：1492 Christopher Columbus arrived at Salvador Island, thus discovered the “New World”.(Amerigo V espucci: named “America”) 2.The first English permanent settlement:1607 The first group of English colonies came to America and built their settlement of Charleston which later was expanded into the first English colony known as Virginia. 3.Pilgrim Fathers:1620 Some English immigrants (Puritans) sailed into Plymouth on a ship called the “Mayflower”.102 Puritans, 60 days.Mayflower Compact, “one man one vote”, “one-man rule” 4.The values of Puritans:hard work; commercial success; the importance of education 5.Thanksgiving:1621 Thanksgiving Day was first celebrated by the pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony. 三、American Revolutionary
英国国家概况（八）（中英文版） 第八章 Justice and the law 法律与司法机构 There is no single legal system in the United Kingdom. A feature common to all systems of law in the United Kingdom is that there is no complete code. The sources of law include (1) statutes; (2) a large amount of "unwritten" or common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community. Another common feature is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law. 联合王国不实行完全统一的法律制度。联合王国所有法律制度的一个共同特点是没有以部完整的法典。法典来源包括：（1）成文法；（2）大量的"不成文法" 或习惯法；（3）衡平法；（4）欧共体法。另一个共同的特点是刑法和民法之间的区别。 I．Criminal Proceedings 刑事诉讼程序 1. In England and Wales, once the police have charged a person with a criminal offence, the crown Prosecution Service assumes control of the case reviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecute. 在英格兰和威尔士，一旦警察指控某人犯有刑事罪，皇家检察总署就要接管此案，并独立地审核证据以决定是否起诉。 2. In Britain all criminal trial are held in open count because the criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution and the defense get equal treatment. No accused person has to answer the question of the police before trial. He is not compelled to give evidence in count. Every accused person has the right to employ a legal adviser to conduct his defense. If he can not afford to pay, he may be granted aid at public expense. In criminal trial by jury, the judge passes sentence, but the jury decided the issue of guilt or innocence. The jury composed of 12 or ordinary people. If the verdict of the jury can not be unanimous, it must be a majority. 在英国，所有的刑事审判都在法院公开进行。因为刑法认为，在消除合理怀疑证明被告有罪之前，他是无辜的。原告与被告同样平等，审判时被告不必回答警察
1.Off the coast of mainland Western Europe lie two islands called the British Isles of which the big one is the island of ___ , or ___ , and the small one is the island of __ . 2.Britainis divided into three par ts: ___ . and . 3.LondonGMT is s hort for, which i s the time o n the line o f __ (deg r ee) longitu de, which pa sses through ____ , a d istrict of s outheast, u sed as a bas is for calcu lati ng time throughout t he world in d iff ere nt ti me zon es. 4.United KingdomThe national fl ag of thei s also calle d ____ or __ . 5.Englandwas once conquer ed by , ____ z and . 6.EnglandOf the fou r nations,feel mo st British,is the most confid ent of its o wn identity’and__ i s most clos ely related to. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html,Monetary unit of is __ . https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html, , __ , and are majo r industries in. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html, __ , ___ , and __ a re major tr ading partne rs of. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html,is k nown as"； due to its decline s in economy . 11.National Ho liday of UK is ___ ? 12.and weakened the European monarchies,and introdu ced the age of con stitut ional mon arc hy, a mon arc hy with powe rs limited b y Parliame nt ? 13?UKThree major national pa rties of ar e ___ , and . 14. Depe nding on the rela tive st re ngt hs of the pa rties in the House of Co mmons, the 0 pposition ma y try to ove rthrow the G overnment by defeating i t on a vote. 25.The Prime Minis ter's offici al reside nee is ______ ,which is the symbol of t he British G overnment. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html,In , Ministers are appoint ed by the Qu een on the r ecommendatio n of __ ? 17.EnglandAs the langu age of, Eng lish is a la nguage belon ging to the branchofthe family. 18.S tandard Engl ish is vario usly known a s ___ …__ a nd ___ or __ . https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html, and are very p opular Chris tian festiva Is in. 20. a system n ow in gen era I use of arr an ging the m on ths in the year and th e days in th e mon th, int roduced by P ope Gregory X III (1502-85). 21.The only re ally importa nt patriotic festival is ____ on w hich __ are remember ed in specia I church ser vices and ci vicceremoni es. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html,The popul ation ofis nearly million. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html, , and __ are the main language us ed in. https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc9772074.html, is nationa I nickname o f. 25?The Engli sh have a mi xed cultural heritage co mbining , ____ 〃and element s. 26.The Englis h have many differences in regional speech. The Chief divisi on is betwee n _ and __ . 27.WalesThe ancestors of the Welsh w ere _________ ,who escaped to the wild mountains of form the i n vadi ng Angl es and Sax on s. 28.Today abou t_____ % of the Welsh p opulation st ill speak We Ish as their first Iangu age and abou t ______ % of the Welsh p eople speak only Welsh,and
英语国家文化课程参考书目 1、英美文化基础教程，朱永涛著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991年11月 2、欧洲文化入门（European Culture: an Introduction）王佐良等著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1992年2月（英文版） 3、当代英国概况，肖惠云主编，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996年8月（英文版）16开本 4、当代美国社会与文化（Contemporary American Society and Culture）王恩铭著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997年6月 5、英语国家社会与文化入门（上）朱永涛主编，北京：高等教育出版社，1997年8月（英文版）16开本 6、英语国家社会与文化入门（下）朱永涛主编，北京：高等教育出版社，1998年1月（英文版）16开本 7、英美文化博览，李常磊著，上海：上海世界图书出版公司，2000年1月，32开本 8、英语国家概况，余志远主编，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000年3月，大32开本 9、英国文化（The Culture of England）范中汇著，北京：文化艺术出版社，2003年1月 10、当代美国概况，周静琼著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003年1月（英文版）16开本 11、美国文化与社会（American Culture and Society）王恩铭著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003年6月（英文版） 12、新编英美概况教程（A Survey of the United Kingdom and the United States of America）周叔麟（美）C.W.Pollard June Almes 主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2004年5月（英文版）16开本 13、跨文化研究读本，余卫华主编，武汉大学出版社，2006年2月，大32开本 14、西方文化史徐新主编，北京大学出版社，2007年7月，小16开本 15、主要英语国家概况（第2版）周玉娣主编，重庆大学出版社，2008年2月（英文版）小16开本 16、欧洲文化概况Duncan Sidwell （英）著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008年6月，大32开本 17、英美概况（Survey of Britain and America）（上下），张奎武主编，长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2008年5月第四版，大32开本 18、英语史，李赋宁编著，北京：商务印书馆，1991年1月第1版，大32开本 19、英国文学简史，常耀信著，天津：南开大学出版社，2006年1月第1版（英文版），大32开本 20、美国文学简史，常耀信著，天津：南开大学出版社，2003年12月第2版（英文版），（大32开本 21、中西文化比较，周义徐志红编著，北京：人民教育出版社，2004年8月第1版，大32开本 22、西方文化史，徐新主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2007年7月第2版，大32开本 23、语言学教程，胡壮麟主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2001年7月第1版，大32开本 24、西方文化导论，叶胜年著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005年7月第1版（英文），大32开本 25、语言与文化，邓炎昌刘润清著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1989年3月第1版，大32开本 26. Language, Culture, and Translating, Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign
1. The longest river in Britain is ____. A. Severn B. Tees C. Thames D. Clyde 2. The British Isles is made up of ____. A. Three large islands and hundreds of small ones B. Two large islands and hundreds of small ones C. Three large islands and dozens of small ones D. Two large islands and dozens of small ones 3. There are three political divisions ____ on the island of Great Britain. A. England, Scotland, and Ireland B. England, Scotland, and Wales C. England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland D. Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland 4. The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by ____. A. King Harold B. William the Conqueror C. Robin Hood D. Oliver Cromwell 5. St. Paul’s Cathedral is in ____. A. Liverpool B. London C. Glasgow D. Birmingham 6. The largest lake in Britain is ___. A. Ullswater B. Loch Lomond C. Windermere D. The Lough Neagh 7. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ____. A. 200 B. C. B. 55 A. D. C. 55 B.C. D. 410 A.D. 8. The capital of Northern Ireland is ____. A. Belfast B. Birmingham C. Edinburgh D. Cardiff 9. Between 1337 and 1453 the ____ took place in Britain. A. Wars of Roses B. Black Death C. Hundred Year’s War D. Peasants Uprising 10. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from ____ to ____. A. 1600—1604 B. 1640—1644 C. 1642—1646 D. 1646—1650 11. James Watt created a ____ in 1769. A. Spinning Mule B. Steam Engine C. Power Loom D. Spinning Jenny 12. In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a good reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb____. A. as welcome as a storm B. an Englishman’s house is his castle C. do not wear out your welcome D. outstay one’s welcome 13. ____ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. A. Thanksgiving Day B. Anzac Day C. St. Valentine’s Day D. Boxing Day 14. The Bible was originally written in ____. C A. Latin B. English C. Hebrew D. Arabic 15. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war? A. James I B. Charles I C. James II D. Charles II 16. From 1649 to 1658 English was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ____ .