英语词汇学自考题-9
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、{{B}}Ⅰ.{{/B}}(总题数：30，分数：30.00)
1.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.
?A. symbol
?B. system
?C. structure
?D. pattern
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world. 词是表示世界上别的事物的符号。答案为A。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc4906107.html,ually words of the basic word stock are supposed to have obvious ______ characteristics.
?A. three
?B. four
?C. five
?D. six
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] The basic words stock have five obvious characteristics: all national character, stability, productivity, polysemy and collocability. 可见有五大特征。答案为C。
3.Which are the features of native words?
?A. All national characters.
?B. Neutral in style.
?C. Frequent in use.
?D. All the above.
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
√D.
解析：[解析] 本族词汇具有基本词汇的五大特征——全民性(all national character)、稳定性(stability)、能产性
(productivity)、多义性(polysemy)、搭配性(collocability)。除此之外本族词汇还有两个特征——文体上中性(neutral in style)和使用频繁(frequent in use)。答案为D。
4.Indo-Iranian comprises the modern language except ______.
?A. Persian
?B. Bengali
?C. Hindi, Romany
?D. Polish
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：[解析] In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian, Bengali, Hindi, Romany. 印度—伊朗语族包括波斯语、孟加拉语、印地语和吉普赛语。答案为D。
5.Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.
?A. Italic
?B. Germanic
?C. Celtic
?D. Hellenic
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic. 虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还是日耳曼语。答案为B。
6.The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ______, semantic change, ______.
?A. exchange; lending
?B. derivation; borrowing
?C. creation; borrowing
?D. affixation; creation
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, borrowing. 现代英语词汇的发展主要通过3个渠道：创词、旧词新义和借词。答案为C。
7.Bird, earth,
ation belong to ______.
?A. free roots
?B. bound morphemes
?C. derivational affixes
?D. bound root
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] bird, earth, nation这三个词本身具有完整的意义，在句子中可以用作自由语法单位，因此是自由词素，也就是自由词根。答案为A。
8.The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______.
?A. borrowing
?B. word-formation
?C. conversion
?D. the number of the people speaking English
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.
现代英语中的词汇扩展主要依靠构词法。答案为B。
9.A subcutaneous infection is ______ the skin.
?A. on the surface of
?B. above
?C. under
?D. below
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] 前缀sub-表示下级的，下层的，因此subcutaneous infection指的是皮下感染。答案为C。
10.The word courageous is created by ______.
?A. noun suffixes
?B. adverb suffixes
?C. adjective suffixes
?D. verb suffixes
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] courageous(勇敢的)是在名词courage后加了形容词后缀-ous而变成形容词。答案为C。
11.Words involved in conversion are primarily ______.
?A. nouns, verbs and adverbs
?B. nouns, adjectives and verbs
?C. nouns, prepositions and verbs
?D. adjectives, adverbs and verbs
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs. 通过转类法产生的词大多是名词、形容词和动词。答案为B。
12.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.
?A. speakers
?B. listeners
?C. world
?D. specific country
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] Reference is the relationship between language and the world. 所指是语言与周围世界的关系。答案为C。
13.Words like miaow and ping-pong are ______ motivated.
?A. onomatopoeically
?B. morphologically
?C. semantically
?D. etymologically
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] miaow(喵喵地叫)，是通过模仿猫叫的声音创造的。ping-pong(乒乓声)，是通过模仿打乒乓球的声音创造的。因此这两个词都是拟声理据，即onomatopoeic motivation。答案为A。
14.Lexical meaning has two components: ______ meaning and associative meaning.
?A. connotative
?B. conceptual
?C. affective
?D. stylistic
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Lexieal meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning and associative meaning. 词汇意义本身只有两个成分：概念意义和联想意义。答案为B。
15.______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.
?A. Homonymy
?B. Polysemy
?C. Synonymy
?D. Antonymy
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages. 多义关系是所有自然语言都具有的共同特征。答案为B。
16.______ is not a pair of homophones.
?A. Bear (a large heavy animal) and ear (to put up with)
?B. Right (correct) and write (to put down on paper with a pen)
?C. Son (a male child of some one) and sun (the heavenly body from which the earth
gets warmth and light)
?D. Compliment (an expression of praise) and complement (make up a whole)
（分数：1.00）
√A.
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] 同音异形异义词是读音相同但拼写和词义不同的词。答案为A。
17.______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.
?A. Contradictory terms
?B. Contrary terms
?C. Relative terms
?D. Absolute synonyms
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Antonyms can be classified into three major groups. One group is contradictory terms: these antonyms truly represent oppositeness of meaning. 反义词主要分为3大类。其中一类就是互为矛盾的反义词。这类反义词是真正意义上的反义词。答案为A。
18.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.
?A. degradation
?B. transfer
?C. elevation
?D. extension
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：[解析] Of these word-meaning changes, extension and narrowing are by far the most common.
在词义变化类型中，词义的扩大和词义的缩小是最为常见的。答案为D。
19.The original meaning of wife is ______.
?A. a married woman
?B. a young woman
?C. woman
?D. widowed woman
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：[解析] Wife originally means woman and now means a married woman. 妻子原义是“女人”现义为“已婚女人”。答案为C。
20.Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic ______.
?A. extension
?B. elevation
?C. transfer
?D. narrowing
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. 词义的降格与词义的升格相反。答案为B。
21.In a broad sense, context includes ______.
?A. a paragraph
?B. a whole chapter
?C. the entire book
?D. the whole cultural background
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：[解析] In a broad sense，it includes the physical situation as well. This is called
extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background. 广义上讲，语境还可以包括物理环境，这称为非语言环境，包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。答案为D。
22.The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs, which is called
______.
?A. lexical context
?B. grammatical context
?C. linguistic context
?D. non-linguistic context
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：[解析] In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which
it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context. 答案为B。
23.We may know the meaning of geocentric by analyzing ______.
?A. definition
?B. antonymy
?C. word structure
?D. all the above
（分数：1.00）
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new
病理学英语词汇 第一章细胞与组织的损伤 1. Pathology 病理学 2. Autopsy 尸体解剖 3. Biopsy活组织检查 4. Hypertrophy肥大 5. Hyperplasia增生 6. Atrophy萎缩 7. Metaplasia化生 8. Degeneration变性 9. Calcification钙化 10. Necrosis坏死 11. Gangrene坏疽 12. Apoptosis凋亡 13. Organization机化 第二章损伤的修复 14. Regeneration再生 15. Wound healing创伤愈合 第三章局部血液循环及体液循环障碍 16. Hyperemia充血 17. Congestion淤血 18. Ischemia缺血 19. Thrombosis血栓形成 20. Embolus栓子 21. Embolism栓塞 22. Infarct梗死 第四章免疫病理 第五章炎症
23. Inflammation炎症 24. Alteration变质 25. Exudation渗出 26. Proliferation增生 27. Chronic granulomatous inflammation慢性肉芽肿性炎症 28. Fibrinous inflammation纤维素性炎症 29. Suppurative/purulent inflammation化脓性炎 30. Abscess脓肿 第六章肿瘤 31. Tumor/neoplasm 肿瘤 32. Atypia异型性 33. Metastasis转移 34. Carcinoma癌 35. Sarcoma肉瘤 36. Adenocarcinoma 腺癌 37. Lipoma脂肪瘤 38. Fibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤 第七章心血管疾病 39. Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 40. Benign hypertension良性高血压 41. Rheumatism风湿病 42. Subacute infective endocarditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎 43. Myocardial infarction心肌梗死 第八章呼吸系统疾病 44. Chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎 45. Emphysema肺气肿 46. Lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎 47. Silicosis硅肺
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1
Java基础常见英语词汇(共70个) Author:JCC OO: object-oriented ,面向对象OOP: object-oriented programming,面向对象编程 JDK:Java development kit, java开发工具包JVM:java virtual machine ,java虚拟机 Compile:编绎Run:运行Class:类Object:对象 System:系统out:输出print:打印line:行 variable:变量type:类型operation:操作,运算array:数组paramet er:参数 method:方法f unction:函数member-variable:成员变量member-f unction:成员函数 get:得到set:设置public:公有的private:私有的protected:受保护的def ault:默认access:访问package:包import:导入static:静态的 void:无(返回类型) extends:继承 parent class:父类base class:基类super class:超类 child class:子类derived class:派生类override:重写,覆盖overload:重载 f inal:最终的,不能改变的abstract:抽象interf ace:接口implements:实现exception:异常Runtime:运行时ArithmeticException:算术异常 ArrayIndexOutOf BoundsException:数组下标越界异常NullPointerException:空引用异常ClassNotFoundException:类没有发现异常 NumberFormatException:数字格式异常(字符串不能转化为数字) Try:尝试Catch:捕捉Finally:最后Throw:抛出 Throws: (投掷)表示强制异常处理Throwable:(可抛出的)表示所有异常类的祖先类 Lang:language,语言Util:工具Display:显示 Random:随机 Collection:集合ArrayList:(数组列表)表示动态数组HashMap: 散列表,哈希表 Swing:轻巧的A wt:abstract window toolkit:抽象窗口工具包 Frame:窗体Size:尺寸Title:标题Add:添加 Panel:面板Layout:布局Scroll:滚动V ertical:垂直 Horizonatal:水平Label:标签TextField:文本框 TextArea:文本域Button:按钮Checkbox:复选框 Radiobutton:单选按钮Combobox:复选框Event:事件Mouse:鼠标Key:键 Focus:焦点Listener:监听 Border:边界Flow:流Grid:网格MenuBar:菜单栏 Menu:菜单MenuItem:菜单项PopupMenu:弹出菜单 Dialog:对话框Message:消息Icon:图标 Tree:树Node:节点 Jdbc:java database connectivity,java数据库连接 DriverManager:驱动管理器Connection:连接Statement:表示执行对象 Preparedstatement:表示预执行对象Resultset:结果集 Next:下一个Close:关闭execut eQuery:执行查询 Jbuilder中常用英文(共33个) File:文件New:新建New Project:新建项目New Class: 新建类 New File:新建文件Open project:打开项目Open f ile:打开文件 Reopen:重新打开Close projects:关闭项目 Close all except…:除了..全部关闭Rename:重命名Exit:退出
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟. 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效。试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间。超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%) 1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and “fùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______． A. sounds B．forms C. unities D．meanings 2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______． A. fire B．hot C. photoscanning D．sister 3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese? A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow. C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg. 4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______． A. Europe B．the Far East C. India D．the Near East 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary? A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B．Social, economic and political changes. C. The invasion of foreign countries. D．The influence of other cultures and languages. 6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. creation B．borrowing
现代英语词汇学(课后总结中文)
第一章 一个词可以被定义为一个基本单位的言论和作为一个最低的自由形式。它是一个统一的声音和意义，帽子能够执行一个给定的句法功能，所有的话在一个语言的共同组成的词汇。英语的历史发展表明，英语是一个沉重的借用者，它采用了几乎所有已知语言的词汇，尤其是拉丁语、法语和希腊语。第一次世界大战的英语词汇?拉里扩大的速度比以前快后渣土。对了一天英语词汇快速增长的根本原因是科学技术进步的标志，社会经济、政治和文化的变化?宝在英语母语国家的发生，和其他国家的语言和文化的强烈影响， 由于在历史发展过程中出现大规模借贷，英语词汇极其丰富和异质。词汇量从旧英语的50000个增加到了60000个，增加到了世界上最大的一百万个单词。 尽管外来词在本土词汇上占优势，但后者却是英语词汇中最熟悉、最有用的部分。前者增加了灵活性和语言资源?丰满。 英语词汇包含不同种类的词汇。可根据不同的?租金标准分类。词汇可以根据其来源分类为母语反借词。通过使用水平，词可以分为普通（或流行〉词文学的话口语词、俚语和术语。一个词的状态不是固定不变的，而是不断变化的。技术术语可能会很流行，而流行词可以用作专门术语。一些俚语也成为常用词或俗语词可以分为实
词和虚词前有独立的词汇意义，后者，在大多数情况下，没有词汇本身的含义，作为语法信号显示内容之间的连接词。虚词比内容词少得多，但使用频率更高。 第二章 词是由语素构成的，语素是英语最有意义的单位，既有音也有义。一位是任何一个рЬешеMOR的变体形式。 语素111ay被归类为自由或束缚，自由语素是一个可以成为一个独立的COM?完整的话语，而粘着语素不能单独存在；它必须出现至少一个其他语素自由或束缚。 语素可以分为根和根进行affixies，在а?ягогс?意义的重要组成部分，根可以免费或黏着语素 自由根可以独立成为单词，并为语言的形成提供基础。在现代英语中，词根虽然不能用词来表示，也不能用词来构成新词。 词缀是粘着语素。因为它们只在添加到其他语素时才使用。?词缀分类分为屈折词缀和派生词缀，前者涉及到语法，派生词缀分为前缀和就够了，这是重新?相关词形成的根，前缀和后缀的圆弧和单词构成的积木，对语素水平的话可以Ъб分为简单，复杂的复合词，根据数量和他们的COM?构成语素的类型。 语素是重要的。该房屋亲?过程因为两最核心的产出性词汇- lormation过程、复合和词缀，
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics （文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。
土壤与土壤资源学常用专业词汇(一)土壤矿物质固氮菌diazotroph 矿物mineral (四)土壤理化性质 石英quartz 土壤物理性质soil physical properties 长石feldspar 质地texture 岩石rock 粒组soil separate 花岗岩granite 砂质sandy 风化(作用) weather 壤质loam 粘土clay(minerals) 粘质clay 母质parent material /subsoil 粘重heavy 苏达soda 砾石gravel 石灰lime 土壤结构soil structure 土壤soil 团粒granular 土体solum 土壤孔隙系统soil pore system 云母mica 孔隙度porosity (二)土壤有机质土壤容重bulk density/apparent density 有机质organic matter 土壤比重particle density 泥炭peat 土壤湿度状况soil temperature regime 腐殖质humus 土壤通气性soil aeration 凋落物litter 土壤水soil water 林褥forest floor 土壤湿度soil moisture 积累accumulate/deposit 含水量soil moisture content 分解decomposition/decompose 水势water potential 矿化mineralization 毛细作用capillary (三)土壤生物土壤颜色soil color 土壤生物体soil organism 蒙塞尔土壤色卡 土壤动物(区系) soil fauna Munsell Soil Color Chart 细菌bacteria 土壤化学性质 真菌fungi (pl of fungus) soil chemistry properties 藻类algae 氧化-还原(作用) oxidation-reduction 土壤植物(区系)soil microflora 胶体colloid 蚯蚓earthworm 吸附adsorption 蚁ant 阳离子交换量 螨mite cation exchange capacity 根际the rhizosphere 阴离子交换anion exchange 根瘤root nodule/root tubercle 盐基饱和度salt base percentage/ 菌根mycorhiza base -saturation percentage 土壤酶soil enzyme 土壤反应(pH) soil reaction(pH)
学习心得 ------英语词汇学我从初一开始学习英语，在初一的时候，我的英语成绩非常之差，属于短板科目。我自己在当时也有找原因，发现主要是词汇积累不够，花在词汇上的时间非常少，个人自觉性也比较弱，没有自己去背诵单词。初二、初三在另外一所学校学习，那时英语老师严抓我们背诵单词和课文，此后，英语成绩迅速提升。所以说，从学英语的初始，我就深知词汇对于英语学习的重要性。 词汇的记忆对于我们来说是一大难关，我们之中很多人会出现这样的情况：看到单词知道它怎么念，听到了也能够拼写出来，就是不知道这个单词是什么意思。我想这会成为英语学习的一大瓶颈。英语词汇学无疑很好的帮助我们很好的解决了这个问题。我们专业于大三的上学期开了词汇学这门课，接触这门课之前，我认为，词汇学应该主要是教授单词的词根、词缀和构词法这方面的知识，上课之后发现，词汇学的内容比我想象中的要丰富得多。同时。我发现，词汇学很好的帮助了我们对高级英语的学习。 记得第一堂词汇学课上，老师给我们讲了许多关于词汇的小故事。模糊的记得是有关于耶稣的小故事。当然，主题是词汇。课堂气氛轻松幽默，高度吸引了同学们的注意力。老师的发音很标准，声音也比较动听。词汇学这门课，在一开始就给了我很大的吸引力。还记得老师在课堂上问我们“word”一词的定义，后来总结出了四点：a minimal free from in a language 、a sound unity 、a unit of meaning 、it can function a sentence . 说实话，以前从来没有想过去给一个这样简单的单词下定义，认真思考后，发现这个从还真不知道该怎么正确的去表述。这让我们深深的感觉到自身的不足，需要学习的东西还有很多；另一方面，再简单的东西也有其内涵，不可小觑。 构词法无疑是词汇学的一大重点，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”。我想我们在背诵单词时遇到的很多问题，都可以通过学习构词法而迎刃而解。词是由形位构成的，有的词只有一个形位，有的词有两个形位，有的词可有三个形位。而形位又可分为两种，一种是实义形位，一种是语法形位。实义形位是构成词的语义基础。有的语言学著作将这类形位称之为自由形位，意指它可以自由存在，作为句中的基本结构单位使用。这种形位相当于词根。词根对于单词的背诵具有重要意义。全面了解词根的各种意思，许多单词对于我们来说都可以通过词根来推断其意思。当然，这也需要词缀的辅助。 从这个学期的词汇学课程中，我收获了很多，老师的丰富阅历也让我们了解了很多课本以外的关于词汇学的知识。如果有机会的话，我想我会更加深入的去研究词汇学这门学科。
历年4月英语词汇学真题和答案(2008-2011)
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全国2008年4月历年自考英语词汇学真题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 1. Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （） A. use frequency B. notion C. productivity D. origin 2. Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （） A. terminology B. jargon C. slang D. neologisms 3. Identify the word that is of Scandinavian origin among the following. （） A. Skirt B. Dress C. Model D. Status 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? （） A. Old English was a highly inflected language. B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary C. The word cloak is of French origin. D. Modern English is a synthetic language. 5. The root of the word “antecedent”is ______. （） A. ante- B. -ced- C. -dent D. -ent 6.Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______. （） A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. back-formation 7. Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （） A. connotative meaning B. lexical meaning C. affective meaning D. collocative meaning 8. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （） A. Suffixation. B. Polysemy. C. Allomorph. D. Variation. 9. Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English? （） A. Deer. B. Cattle. C. Sheep. D. Bird. 10. When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （） A. semantic motivation B. degradation C. ambiguity D. extension 11. Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.
汽车专业英语词汇 汽车automobile 拖拉机tractor 铁路机车locomotive 有轨电车tram 无轨电车trolley 军用车辆military vehicle 蒸汽机steam engine 煤气机gas engine 汽油机gasoline engine 国民经济national economy 国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down 半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down 改革开放reform and opening 技术引进technical import 国产化localization 支柱产业pillar estate 轿车car 客车bus, coach 货车truck, lorry 公路用车road vehicle 非公路用车off-road vehicle 发动机engine 机体engine body 曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism 供给系fuel supply system 冷却系cooling system 润滑系lubricating system 点火系ignition system 起动系starting system 底盘chassis 传动系power train 离合器clutch 变速器gear box 传动轴propeller shaft 驱动桥drive axle
行驶系running gear 车架frame 悬架suspension 前轴front axle 桥壳axle housing 车轮wheel 转向系steering system 转向盘steering wheel 转向器steering gear 转向传动装置steering linkage 助力装置power assisting device 制动系braking system 控制装置control device 供能装置power supply device 传动装置transfer device 制动器brake 车身body 车前板制件front end panels 车身壳体body shell 车门door 车窗window 附属装置auxiliary device 货箱carrying platform 发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive 发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive 发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive 发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(AWD) all wheel drive 驱动力tractive force 阻力resistance 滚动阻力rolling resistance 空气阻力air resistance, drag 上坡阻力gradient resistance 附着作用adhesion 附着力adhesive force 附着系数coefficient of adhesion 第一章发动机工作原理
英语词汇学 (English Lexicology) 课程编号：05100290课程性质：专业选修课 总学分：2 总学时：36 一课程目的及要求： 英语语言文学专业必修课或选修课。英语词汇学是一门以当代语言学多种理论为指导，全面深入研究英语词汇的专业课程。英语词汇学课程重在揭示现代英语词汇的普遍规律，侧重分析研究现代英语词汇现象，兼顾英语词汇的纵向演变和发展。 本课程旨在帮助英语专业高年级学习者强化英语词汇知识，系统地了解现代英语词汇的过去和现状，把握英语词汇学习与使用的规则和特点。既要培养学生理解语言现象和分析语言问题的理论水平，又要提高学生运用英语的实际能力。二、课程主要内容： 英语词汇学导言（词汇学的性质、重要性、学习方法） 词的基本知识（词和词汇的定义与区别，声音与意义和拼写之间的关系，词汇划分的基本原则及各类词的主要特点） 英语词汇的形成与发展（英语的亲属关系，英语词汇形成和发展的三个时期及其特点，现代英语词汇发展的趋势和方式） 英语构词法I （词的个构成成分，各成分之间的区别，对词进行结构分析）英语构词法II （现代英语主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位） 词的意义（了解“意义”的不同含义，词义的理据，几种常见意义） 语义关系和语义场（词与词之间的几种主要语义关系，它们的概念和特点）词义的演变（词义变化的必然性，词义变化的主要方式，词义变化的原因）词义与语境（两种不同的语境，语境对词义的重要作用） 英语习语（英语习语的概念、范畴、特点及其分类原则，习语的作用） 英语词典（不同类型词典的形式、内容、范围及特点） 三、教学方式 以讲解为主，在教学过程中采用研究型教学方式，在讲授基本的词汇学概念和原理之后引导学生进行课堂讨论，课后查阅资料，收集语料，描写语言和分析语言等活动，同时指定阅读材料并作课堂汇报。 四、主要教学参考书： 教材：自编 参考书目： 1. 陆国强：《现代英语词汇学》，上海外语教育出版社，1999 2. 汪榕培、卢晓娟：《英语词汇学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，1997 3. 张维友：《英语词汇学》，外语教学与研究出版社，2000 4. 张韵斐，周锡卿：《现代英语词汇学概论》，北京师范大学出版社，1988 5. 张永言，《词汇学简论》，华中工学院出版社，1982 6．拉耶芙斯卡娅，《英语词汇学引论》，商务印书馆，1960