绝密★启用前
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）
英语笔试
本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利！
第I 卷
注意事项：
1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如果改动，用橡
皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there _____________ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. while
答案是B。
1. —It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome?
—_____________. There were good things and bad things about them.
A. It’s hard to say
B. I didn’t get it
C. You must be kidding
D. Couldn’t be better
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：——这是一次很棒的旅行。那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？——很难说。它们都既有好的也有坏的东西。A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑
吧；D.再好不过了。根据语境可知选A。
考点：考查交际用语。
2. The dictionary is _____________: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control
B. out of date
C. out of sight
D. out of reach
【答案】B
考点：考查介词短语。
【名师点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，本题的介词短语都是“out of+名词”，但是其意思大相径庭，学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published可以确定是“过时的”。
3. When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____________ for years.
A. didn’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen
D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”
这个动作发生在came across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和表示过去的一段时间搭配。
4. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _____________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making
B. to make
C. made
D. being made
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是出乎预料的结果。故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词所作的成分、这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断应该使用哪一个，来加以判断。
5. It was really annoying; I _____________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
【答案】B
考点：考查情态动词。
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldn’t 通常表示“没有能力”，wouldn’t带有意愿色彩，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t 表示“没有需要”，它们之间有明显不同。
6. —I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.
—Sounds great! _____________.
A. It all depends
B. Go for it
C. Never mind
D. No wonder
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：——我在想回去上学再拿一个学位。——听起来很棒！努力争取吧。A.
那就看情况而定了；B.去争取吧；C.没关系；D.难怪。故选B。
考点：考查交际用语。
【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句。
7. _____________ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A. Unless
B. Until
C. As
D. While
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人需要照顾。unless除非；until 直到；as因为，正如，随着；while虽然，然而，当……时候。根据语境，故选C。
考点：考查连词。
【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词，要分清每个连词的含义和用法，做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。unless引导的是条件状语从句；until引导时间状语从句，as引导方式/原因/状语从句；while引导让步/时间状语从句。as的用法比较多，不仅仅在选择题中经常出现，学生在做完型填空的时候，遇到as一定要判断它的准确含义，以便于正确理解这句话的意思。
8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _____________ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to
B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of
D. set foot on
【答案】A
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】这几个短语都是固定搭配，不能仅仅看字面意思，应该在平时学习中注意累积
这方面的词汇，这几个短语有个特点，都含有一个人体部位的名词，学生平时学习的时候，可以将短语进行分类记忆。做题时找到关键词和切入点，这道题的关键是opinion和选项中的voice。
9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _____________ the weather may be better.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主、宾、表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as, who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中作地点、原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____________ of rain later tonight.
A. effect
B. sense
C. change
D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；
C.改变；
D.机会，可能性。故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
11. The manager put forward a suggestion _____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether
B. that
C. which
D. when
【答案】B
考点：考查同位语从句。
【名师点睛】解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分，来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether和疑问词（what, how, where, when ...)。that引导表示陈述的同位语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问的同位语从句。判断是否是同位语从句，还可以用“同位词+is+同位语从句”，如果可以讲得通，一般就是同位语从句，例如这题中，可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.
12. I’m going to _____________ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put
B. make
C. take
D. give
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
考点：考查动词和短语。
【名师点睛】对于动词词义辨析题目，首先可以从句意着手，看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键；其次，对四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的学习仔细度提出了要求，学生在平时的学习中要勤积累，多记忆，多查字典，以便在考试时能够迅速准确解出答案，对于一些固定搭配也需要了如指掌。
13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _____________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。这里是强调结构
It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
考点：考查强调句。
【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述式，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问式和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句作名词性从句时的语序问题。
14. I hate it when she calls me at work —I’m always too busy to _____________ a conversation with her.
A. carry on
B. break into
C. turn down
D. cut off
【答案】A
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义以及词组和动词的搭配，做题时别忘了弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，从而进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。此处使用虚拟语气，if条件句用了had done，由此可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系，故选D。
【归纳拓展】虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉其基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do；2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/
might+have done；3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语
+should+do③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do。另外要注意，从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.
Cathy suffered some terrible 16 in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 17 became healthy.
Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to 18 out local swim team. She practiced hard and finally 19 it. The team practice, 20 , was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly 21 her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to 22 her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit 23 to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to 24 and insisted she go.
From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn’t 25 a single practice. She had a 26 intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this __27__ human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of 28 of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn’t a 29 —ever. But that didn’t stop her from trying.
Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. C athy didn’t expect any award but was still there to 30 her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach 31 , “The highest honor goes to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy ha s inspired us with her 32 and enthusiasm. 33 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富) one can hold is the heart.”
It was the greatest 34 of my daughter’s life. With all she had been 35 in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功).
16. A. failure B. pressure C. loss D.
illness
17. A. usually B. finally C. firstly D. frequently
18. A. improve B. train C. join D. contact
19. A. increased B. found C. created D. made
20. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead
21. A. use B. survive C. save D. waste
22. A. pull B. tell C. hide D. fire
23. A. afraid B. nervous C. ready D. free
24. A. take off B. set off C. give up D. show up
25. A. attend B. miss C. ban D. start
26. A. rich B. weak C. firm D. kind
27. A. trusted B. determined C. experienced D. embarrassed
28. A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise
29. A. beginner B. learner C. partner D. winner
30. A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after
31. A. admitting B. explaining C. announcing D. whispering
32. A. humor B. will C. honesty D. wisdom
33. A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because
34. A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. moment
35. A. through B. under C. across D. around
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己十岁的女儿在童年遭受病痛之苦，在接受治疗之后好转，之后决心做一个游泳选手，虽然身体不适，还是坚持训练，虽然经常是比赛的最后一名，但是她一直不放弃。最后教练的一番话给予Cathy最大的奖励和肯定。
19.D【解析】考查动词辨析和固定搭配。根据上文She practiced hard可知，她最后做到了。
A.增加；
B.发现；
C.创造；
D.使得，做。make it做到，成功。故选D。
20.A【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文was a tough start可知，然而，游泳队的训练是个艰难的开始。A.然而；B.因此；C.否则；D.代替。故选A。
21.B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文she coughed and choked可知，她咳嗽、窒息，在前几个星期差点无法幸存下来。A.使用；B. 生存，幸存；C. 拯救，节约；D.浪费。故选B。
22.A【解析】考查动词辨析。根据Hearing her coughing bitterly one night可知，我决定将她拉开。A.拉；B.告诉，辨别；C.躲藏；D.解雇。故选A。
23.C【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据wearing her swimsuit可知，她穿着游泳衣准备走。A.害怕的；B.紧张的；C.准备好的；D.免费的，自由的。故选C。
24.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据I told her she sho uldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing可知，她拒绝放弃，坚持要走。A.脱下，起飞，开始流行；B.启程，出发；C.放弃；
D.出现。故选C。
25.B【解析】考查动词辨析。根据keep swimming可知，Cathy一直在训练，没有错过一次训练。A.参加；B.错过；C. 禁止；D. 开始。故选B。
29.D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上文the last swimmer可知，要Cathy接受她不是获胜者很难。A.初学者；B.学习者；C.伙伴；D.获胜者。故选D。
30.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据下文praise their accomplishments可知，Cathy在那里为队友加油鼓劲。A. 向……欢呼，为……鼓劲加油；B.和……竞争；C.回答；D.追赶。故选A。
31.C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据下文总教练说的话可知，这里是指总教练宣布的事情。
A.承认；
B.解释；
C.宣布；
D.低语，耳语。故选C。
32.B【解析】考查名词辨析。根据enthusiasm可知，教练是说：是Cathy用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。A.幽默；B.意愿，意志力；C.诚实；D.智慧。故选B。
33.A【解析】考查连词辨析。根据下文the most valuable asset可知，虽然技巧和才能带来巨大成功，但是一个人能拥有的最珍贵的财富是心。A.虽然；B.自从；C.一旦；D.因为。故选A。
34.D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据上一段内容可知，教练说这番话的时候是我女儿生活中最好的时刻。A.发现；B.选择；C.影响；D.时刻。故选D。
35.A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：她经历的这十年是真正成功的时候。A.通过（内部）；
B.在……下面；
C.穿过（表面）；
D.在……周围。故选A。
【名师点睛】这篇文章是记叙文，难度适中。故事内容体现了Cathy坚持不懈的毅力和执着的精神。做题时要通读文章，抓住故事的情节和作者想传达的中心思想。围绕主旨解答更有把握。学生要抓住这个主题，而且这个主题贯穿整个文章。这篇文章一个明显的特点是上下文之间的联系非常紧密。做题时牢记上下文的关联对解题会很有帮助。
做题时要结合完形填空的特点。完形填空题有的考查词语同现、词语复现，有的则是要运用逻辑推理能力，领会和掌握解题策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率大有裨益。
1. 上下文串联和语境暗示。
这篇完型填空里面出现词语同现的很少，但是词语复现不少，就是指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词等方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。像这篇完型的16题，下文明显出现了treatment，还有26题和27题，这两题关联很大，是相辅相成的。29题是和上文的信息词last winner对应的。它们都属于这种类型。
2. 逻辑推理。
逻辑推理是通过对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的理解从而推断出正确答案。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。逻辑推理题需要考生全面理解上下文的内容，难度较大，考生不能将句子独立开，要注意一个句群、一个段落的整体理解。这篇文章逻辑推理的题较多。如17题，这里表示时间的顺承；20题主要是上下文的逻辑关系，特别是出现了rough，和上文是转折关系；还有33题，抓住关键词skills and talents和heart，可知这里也是转折关系。
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Language Programme for Teenagers
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.
Our Courses
Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.
Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas —speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable Standard Course Mon—Fri 20 lessons 9:00—12:30
Intensive Course Mon—Fri 20 lessons 9:00—12:30
10 lessons 13:00—14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.
Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
Arrivals and Transfer
Our programme offers the full package — students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.
Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements
Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.
We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.
36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?
A. It is less effective.
B. It focuses on speaking.
C. It includes extra lessons.
D. It gives you confidence.
37. When can a student attend Standard Course?
A. 13:00—14:30 Monday.
B. 9:00—12:30 Tuesday.
C. 13:00—14:30 Friday.
D. 9:00—12:30 Saturday.
38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _____________.
A. take a language test
B. have an online interview
C. prepare learning materials
D. report their language levels
39. With the full package, the programme organizer is supposed to _____________.
A. inform students of their full flight details
B. look after students throughout the programme
C. offer students free sightseeing trips
D. collect students’ luggage in advance
40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?
A. Cooked dinner.
B. Mealtime dessert.
C. Packed lunch.
D. Special diet.
【话题解读】这是一则广告。介绍一个语言学习课程的课程设置以及学习、生活方面的要求。
38.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Evaluation部分的句子The majority of them take an online
language test可知，在开始课程之前，学生要参加一个在线语言测试。故选A。
39.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Arrivals and Transfer部分里面的第一句可知，如果是
full package，课程的组织者应该在整个课程的过程中照顾学生。故选B。
40.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，特殊的饮食可能要额外付款。故选D。
【名师点睛】这是一篇广告布告类阅读理解，这种题目一般是比较简单的，以考查细节题为主。可以使用信息筛选法做题。为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目用在文中寻读的方法找到信息句，然后理解并找出正确答案。
B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件) from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The lost was $25 instead of $80.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
41. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone.
B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction.
D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter does better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that _____________.
A. His son had the ability to fix it
B. it would save him much time
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D. other motorheads would come to help
44. In the author’s eyes, motorheads are _____________.
A. tidy and hardworking
B. cheerful and smart
C. lazy but bright
D. relaxed but rude
45. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。
考点：考查细节理解。
42.A
【解析】
根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her ma ster’s degree in English.可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。
考点：考查推理判断。
43.C
【解析】
根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose. 可知，作者认为儿子修车不会给他带来任何损失。故选C。
考点：考查细节理解。
44.B
【解析】
根据倒数第三段的句子These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright可知，在作者眼中，motorheads 是令人兴奋的，聪明的。故选B。
考点：考查推理判断。
45.A
【解析】
根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.可知，作者最后意识到希望孩子按自己期望的道路走是不明智的。故选B。
考点：考查细节理解。
【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置以细节题为主，细节理解题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案。也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中人物的语言、动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时不能流于表面，可以适当运用一些解题技巧。
做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如这篇阅读理解的第二题，问：作者的孩子是怎么样的？根据第三段的内容My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.可知，作者的女儿正在攻读硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中只是说他的儿子会拖延，所以D也是错的，正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。
C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
V aillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working —at any age —is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence —the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
46. What do we know about John?
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____________.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____________.
A. recording the boys’ effort in school
B. evaluating the men’s mental health
C. comparing different sets of scores
D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability
49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react.
B. Having a thin edge.
C. Clear and definite.
D. sudden and rapid.
50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。
考点：考查细节理解。
47.D
【解析】
根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society可知，第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。
考点：考查推理判断。
48.C
【解析】
根据第三段的句子the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores可知，V aillant的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。
故选C。
考点：考查细节理解。
考点：考查词义猜测。
50.B
【解析】
根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活非常重要。故选B。
考点：考查推理判断。
【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力，学生应该有兴趣阅读。文章篇幅适中，考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理判断，还有词义猜测类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。
D
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never