2015年管理类联考-英语真题

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)英语第一部分听力(共两节,满分 20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分)听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例： How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15B. £ 9.18C. £ 9.15答案是C。

1. 1. What time is it now?A. 9:10B. 9:50C. 10:002. What does the woman think of the weather?It’s nice. It’s warm It’s cold.3. What will the man do?A. Attend a meeting.B. Give a lectureC. Leave his office.4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louderB. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, panies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer —term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk —taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest —like size, industry, and sales —and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer —term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1.[A]why [B]where [C]how [D]when2.[A]In return [B]In particular [C]In contrast [D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient [B]famous [C]perfect [D]necessary4.[A]individualism [B]modernism [C]optimism [D]realism5.[A]echo [B]miss [C]spoil [D]change6.[A]imagined [B]measured [C]invented [D]assumed7.[A]Sure [B]Odd [C]Unfortunate [D]Often8.[A]advertised [B]divided [C]overtaxed [D]headquartered9.[A]explain [B]overstate [C]summarize [D]emphasize 10.[A]stages [B]factors [C]levels [D]methods 11.[A]desirable [B]sociable [C]reputable [D]reliable 12.[A]resumed [B]held [C]emerged [D]broke 13.[A]attribute [B]assign [C]transfer [D]compare 14.[A]serious [B]civilized [C]ambitious [D]experienced 15.[A]thus [B]instead [C]also [D]never 16.[A]rapidly [B]regularly [C]directly [D]equally 17.[A]After [B]Until[C]While [D]Since2016年管理类专业学位全国联考英语（二）试卷18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It’s true that high—school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Camegie Mellon’s school of computer science.However,Cortina said,every exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite—sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less—experienced or –determined students away.The Flatiron school,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding boot-camps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high—schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons towards things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructors.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The student in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming Languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a program and organize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Caroline.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computer thinks,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to______.[A]compete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high—schoolers,Flatiron has considered their______.[A]experience[B]academic backgrounds[C]career prospects[D]Interest.23.Deborah Seehorn believe that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to______.[A]complete with a future army of programmers[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(line4,para6)is closest in meaning to______.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]misguideText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67, 000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win—win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is______.[A]the insistence of private landowners[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]its drastically decreased population27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it______.[A]was a give—in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer regulatory powers[C]granted less federal regulatory powers[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm—doers will be prosecuted if they______.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]the plan under challenge[B]the win—win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]industry groupsText3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read;“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work—related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to—do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different—sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.”No mind—set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind—set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time’s flow”into“soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single—purpose e—readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read”,but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because______.[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to______.[A]update their to—do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps______.[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if______.[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be______.[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText4Against a backdrop of changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st—century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married,having children,owning a home and retiring in their sixties but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While youngerpeople are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good—paying job,starting a family, managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27—year—old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs,says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.“Even now that he is working steadily,he said,“I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”Looking back,he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle—class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross—generation mark of a successful life is______.[A]having a family with children[B]trying out different lifestyles[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to_______.[A]favor a slower life pace.[B]hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre—marital finance.[D]give priority to childcare outside the home.38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will_______.[A]depend largely on political preferences[B]reach almost all aspects of American life[C]focus on materialistic issues[D]become increasingly clear39.Both young and old agree that_______.[A]Good—paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[C]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[D]He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don’t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice thingsAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self—help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than wedo as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41.____________________What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bitof both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviors,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this processtoo far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately and then—again like children—move.42.____________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest step daughter,who was nine years old at the time,gota Superman T—shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a five but she was overjoyed,and couldn’tstop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be themagic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things havevery little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things everyday is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.____________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of sillinessand giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.____________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxuryof being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely tohave negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree ifyou're on a tight budget.45.____________________Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according tothe Food Marketing Institute,carries some44,000different items,and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain—scan experiments,the demands of so much decision—making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give your advice.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)某高校学生旅行目的调查2016年 MBA 全国考试英语真题答案16—20：D C C A B 36—40：ACBDB1—5：C BDCD 6—10：BADAB 11—15：A BA DC21—25：BDACB 26—30：D C A D C 31—35：DBDAC41—45：CEABD46.超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。

考研MBA管理类联考英语二完形填空真题及答案Would a Work-Free World Be So Bad?Fears of civilization-wide idleness are based too much on the downsides of being unemployed in a society premised on the concept of employment.A 1567 painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depicts a mythical land of plenty, where people grow idle in the absence of work. Wikimedia * Ilana E. Strauss* Jun 28, 2016 People have speculated for centuries about a future without work, and today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different, less paranoid, and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed. Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans. Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction among poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many worry about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikinglydifferent circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a world without work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.Having a job can provide a measure of financial stability, but in addition to stressing over how to cover life’s necessities, today’s jobless are frequently made to feel like social outcasts.“People who avoid work are viewed as parasites and leeches,”Danaher says. Perhaps as a result of this cultural attitude, for most people, self-esteem and identity are tied up intricately with their job, or lack of job.Plus, in many modern-day societies, unemployment can also be downright boring. American towns and cities aren’t really built for lots of free time: Public spaces tend to be small islands in seas of private property, and there aren’t many places without entry fees where adults can meet new people or come up with ways to entertain one another.The roots of this boredom may run even deeper. Peter Gray, a professor of psychology at Boston College who studies the concept of play, thinks that if workdisappeared tomorrow, people might be at a loss for things to do, growing bored and depressed because they have forgotten how to play. “We teach children a distinction between play and work,”Gray explains. “Work is something that you don’t want to do but you have to do.”He says this training,which starts in school, eventually “drills the play”out of many children, who grow up to be adults who are aimless when presented with free time.“Sometimes people retire from their work, and they don’t know what to do,”Gray says. “They’ve lost the ability to create their own activities.”It’s a problem that never seems to plague young children. “There are no three-year-olds that are going to be lazy and depressed because they don’t have a structured activity,”he says.But need it be this way? Work-free societies are more than just a thought experiment—they’ve existed throughout human history. Consider hunter-gatherers, who have no bosses, paychecks, or eight-hour workdays. Ten thousand years ago, all humans were hunter-gatherers, and some still are. Daniel Everett, an anthropologist at Bentley University, in Massachusetts, studied a group of hunter-gathers in the Amazon called the Pirahã for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, hunter-gatherers don’t.“They think of it as fun,”he says. “They don’t have a concept of work the way we do.”“It’s a pretty laid-back life most of the time,”Everett says. He described a typical day for the Pirahã: A man might get up, spend a few hours canoeing and fishing, have a barbecue, go for a swim, bring fish back to his family, and play until the evening. Such subsistence living is surely not without its own set of worries, but the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins argued in a 1968 essay that hunter-gathers belonged to “the original affluent society,”seeing as they only “worked”a few hours a day; Everett estimates that Pirahã a dults on average work about 20 hours a week (not to mention without bosses peering over their shoulders). Meanwhile, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average employed American with children works about nine hours a day.Does this leisurely life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today’s unemployed? “I’ve never seen anything remotely like depression there,except people who are physically ill,”Everett says. “They have a blast. They play all the time.”While many may consider work a staple of human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of thousands of years of human culture. “We think it’s bad to just sit around with nothing to do,”says Everett. “For the Pirahã, it’s quite a desirable state.”Gray likens these aspects of the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to the carefree adventures of many children in developed countries, who at some point in life are expected to put away childish things. But that hasn’t always been the case. According to Gary Cross’s 1990 book A Social History of Leisure Since 1600, free time in the U.S. looked quite different before the 18th and 19th centuries. Farmers—which was a fair way todescribe a huge number of Americans at that time—mixed work and play in their daily lives. There were no managers or overseers, so they would switch fluidly between working, taking breaks, joining in neighborhood games, playing pranks, and spending time with family and friends. Not to mention festivalsand other gatherings: France, for instance, had 84 holidays a year in 1700, and weather kept them from farming another 80 or so days a year.This all changed, writes Cross, during the Industrial Revolution, which replaced farms with factories and farmers with employees. Factory owners created a more rigidly scheduled environment that clearly divided work from play. Meanwhile, clocks—which were becoming widespread at that time—began to give life a quicker pace, and religious leaders, who traditionally endorsed most festivities, started associating leisure with sin and tried to replace rowdy festivals with sermons.As workers started moving into cities, families no longer spent their days together on the farm. Instead, men worked in factories, women stayed home or worked in factories, and children went to school, stayed home, or worked in factories too. During the workday, families became physically separated, which affected the way people entertained themselves: Adults stopped playing “childish”games and sports, and the streets weremostly wiped clean of fun, as middle- and upper-class families found working-class activities like cockfighting and dice games distasteful. Many such diversions were soon outlawed.With workers’old outlets for play having disappeared in a haze of factory smoke, many of them turned to new, more urban ones. Bars became a refuge where tired workers drank and watched live shows with singing and dancing. If free time means beer and TV to a lot of Americans, this might be why.At times, developed societies have, for a privileged few, produced lifestyles that were nearly as play-filled ashunter-gatherers’. Throughout history, aristocrats who earned their income simply by owning land spent only a tiny portion of their time minding financial exigencies. According to Randolph Trumbach, a professor of history at Baruch College, 18th-century English aristocrats spent their days visiting friends, eating elaborate meals, hosting salons, hunting, writing letters, fishing, and going to church. They also spent a good deal of time participating in politics, without pay. Their children would learnto dance, play instruments, speak foreign languages, and read Latin. Russian nobles frequently became intellectuals, writers, and artists. “As a 17th-century aristocrat said, ‘We sit down to eat and rise up to play, for what is a gentleman but his pleasure?’”Trumbach says.It’s unlikely that a world without work would be abundant enough to provide everyone with such lavish lifestyles. But Gray insists that injecting any amount of additional play into people’s lives would be a good thing, because, contrary to that17th-century aristocrat, play is about more than pleasure. Through play, Gray says, children (as well as adults) learn how to strategize, create new mental connections,express their creativity, cooperate, overcome narcissism, and get along with other people. “Male mammals typically have difficulty living in close proximity to each other,”he says, and play’s harmony-promoting properties may explain why it came to be so central to hunter-gatherer societies. While most of today’s adults may have forgotten how to play, Gray doesn’tbelieve it’s an unrecoverable skill: It’s not uncommon, he says, for grandparents to re-learn the concept of play after spending time with their young grandchildren.When people ponder the nature of a world without work, they often transpose present-day assumptions about labor and leisure onto a future where they might no longer apply; if automation does end up rendering a good portion of human labor unnecessary, such a society might exist on completely different terms than societies do today.So what might a work-free U.S. look like? Gray has some ideas. School, for one thing, would be very different. “I think our system of schooling would completely fall by the wayside,”says Gray. “The primary purpose of the educational system is to teach people to work. I don’t think anybody would want to put our kids through what we put our kids through now.”Instead, Gray suggests that teachers could build lessons around what students are most curious about. Or, perhaps, formal schooling would disappear altogether.Trumbach, meanwhile, wonders if schooling would become more about teaching children to be leaders, rather than workers, through subjects like philosophy and rhetoric. He also thinks that people might participate in political and public life more, like aristocrats of yore. “If greater numbers of people were using their leisure to run the country, that would give people a sense of purpose,”says Trumbach.Social life might look a lot different too. Since the Industrial Revolution, mothers, fathers, and children have spent most of their waking hours apart. In a work-free world, people of different ages might come together again. “We would become much less isolated from each other,”Gray imagines, perhaps a little optimistically. “When a mom is having a baby, everybody in the neighborhood would want to help that mom.”Researchers have found that having close relationships is the number-one predictor of happiness, and the social connections that a work-free world might enable could well displace the aimlessness that so many futurists predict.In general, without work, Gray thinks people would be more likely to pursue their passions, get involved in the arts, and visit friends. Perhaps leisure would cease to be about unwinding after a period of hard work, and would instead become a more colorful, varied thing. “We wouldn’t have to be as self-oriented as we think we have to be now,”he says. “I believe we would become more human.”答案：1-5 CADAB 6-10 DCACC 11-15 CBADC 16-20 DABDB。

2015年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication(10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Dialogue OneA.Do you know what a handicapped space is ?B.The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C.Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs. Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine.You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes,I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well,when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have aspecial permit.Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes ,I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May Ihave your driver’s license,please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student:Excuse me,I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian:Sure,let me give you an application.You can fill it out right here at the counter. Student: Thank you.I’ll do it right now.Librarian:Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student : Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.___5___Student : Yes.I know what to do.Librarian : ____6____Student : OK . I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library, we look forward to serving you.Section BDirections:In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D , taken from the interview . Fill in each of the blanks with one ofthe choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A . And fooled the boys for a while.B . And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well , it’s because my British publisher.D . All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey : So , this is the first time we’ve met.Rowling : Yes ,it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K is …Rowling : ____8_____ When the first book came out , they thought ‘ this is a book that will appeal to boys ’ ,but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it . So they said to me ‘ could we use your initials ’ and I said ‘ fine ’. I only have one initial . I don’t have a middle name , So I took my favorite grandmother’s name,Kathleen. Winfrey : ____9_____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ___10____Rowling : NO—it hasn’t held me back,has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11.There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD.reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB.substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive14. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A.arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home , and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. except20.I prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements ,each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective from New York City,took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家）from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained,the better I got,”Curran said,”but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually , they worked up to running marathons(马拉松）（and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate - milestone;running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,”which combine distance running with travel to exotic places . There trips ,as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning,running was enough ,”said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. “The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons , like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous . Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,” said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips toevery continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995,Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.21.At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive tours24.The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis” is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.” It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’ lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’ parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College_____A. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents”_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plants receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborsC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. exposed to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. PlantBug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month. The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that are already struggling to serve the existing2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor seeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “seabus” ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion.TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C＄7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year traffic upgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for beinga destination others want to go to.”H e says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because.A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’ complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal.A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half after Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again—and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing—it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers . The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.”said Howard Telford, an industry analyst. “There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether.I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore. Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks. Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece. The reason for the fall off is simply the explosionin consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar, less soda, less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we Know about diet soda sale?A.It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B.It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C.It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D.It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A.It will continue to drop.B.It will get better soon.C.It is hard to say for sure.D.It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.44.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.45.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part,there is a passage with ten blanks.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.choose the best answer for each blank an mark youranswer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. she has __46__ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“Mysix-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedlyis really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watcha lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .46.A.thoughts B.nightmares C.ideas D.pictures47.A.afterward B.ago C.before ter48.A.should B.might C.could D.would49.A.bored B.angered C.upset D.disappointed50.A.in no time B.by all means C.all the more D.as a result51.A.tell B.interpret C.narrate D.treat52.A.tragedy edy C.play D. drama53. A. imagination B.view C. sight D.look54.A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set town55.A.prefer B.turn e D.tendPart V Text Completion（20 points）Directions: In this part ,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases . Second use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer SheetText OneA.angrierB.gettingC.actionPhrases:A.which makes you 56B.like 57 any compensationC.to take any 58Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem.They say they cannot help you, 59 , to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours , 60 ,or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see. you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 . So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevant person the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text TwoA.the smallerB.as much asC.up to a yearD.more likelyPhrases:A.20% 62 to feel happyB.63 the physical distance between friendsC.but not 64 happinesssted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happythemselves. And 66 ,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends’ happiness 68 .The researchers found that happiness really is contagious(传染的). Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .Text ThreePhrases:A. remember past impulse purchases that you 70B. you may 71 purchase on impulse.C. Keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing,our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 .First,resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 .To resist,slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying,owning,and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.Paper Two（50 minutes）Part VI Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Part VII Writing （15 points）Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 管理类专业学位联考 综合能力 2015年管理类联考－数学真题参考答案（华章提供） 1-5： EDCAD 6-10：BCCEB 11-15：AAEAD 16-20：BBDAB 21-25：DECCC 一．问题求解：第1～15题，每小题3分，共45分。下列每题给出的A、B、

C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。 1、若实数a,b,c满足a:b:c=1:2:5，且abc24，则a2b2c2（）

A.30 B.90 C.120 D.240 E.270 1答案：E 解析：设ak,b2k,c5k，则有8k24k3

所以a3,b6,c15，那么a2b2c2270 2、某公司共有甲、乙两个部门，如果从甲部门调10人到乙部门，那么乙部门人数是甲部门 1

的2倍，如果把乙部门员工的5调到甲部门，那么两个部门的人数相等。该公司的总人数 为（）

A.150 B.180 C.200 D.240 E.250

2答案：D

解析：设甲部门有x人，乙部门有y人

2(x10)y10 x90

则根据题意有 1 4

x y y y150

5 5

所以该公司共有240人

3、设m,n是小于20的质数，满足条件|mn|2的m,n共有（）

A.2组 B.3组 C.4组 D.5组 E.6组

3答案：C

解析：由于20以内的质数为2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19

所以满足 mn 2的m,n 为 3,5 ，5,7 ，，1,3 197, ，共4组 4、如图1，BC是半圆的直径，且BC=4，ABC300 ,则图中阴影部门的面积为（） 4 4 2 2 2

2 E.

22

A. 3 B. 3 C. 3 D. 3 3

3 3 3 3

4答案：

解析：连接OA,则AOB120°

∴SS S 1 22 1 2 1= 4 -

AOB - 3 3

AOB

5、某人驾车从A地赶往B地，前一半路程比计划多用45分钟，平均速度只有计划的80%。

2015同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语试卷一Paper One (100mi nu tes)Part I Oral Communi catio n (15 minu tes ，10 poi nts)Section ADirectio ns : In this sect ion there are two in complete dialogues and each dialogue has three bla nks and three choices A，B and C，taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Do you know what a han dicapped space is?B. The sig ns always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C. The n you also n eed to be aware of the time limits on the street sig ns.Stude nt: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk : Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Stude nt: I drive an automobile.Clerk : Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Stude nt: Yes, I have see n those spots.Clerk : Well, whe n you see the blue spots with the han dicapped sig n, do not park there uni ess you have a special permit. Are you going to be park ing in the daytime or evening?Stude nt: I park in the evenin gs.Clerk : 2 Have you seen those sig ns?Stude nt: Yes, I have see n those sig ns.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fin es?Student: Excuse me. I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian : Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I 'dlo it right now.Librarian : Let me take a look at this for you. 4Stude nt: Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.__5__Stude nt: Yes. I know what to do.Librarian : _____ 6 __Stude nt: OK. I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library; We look forward to serving you.Secti on BDirections: In this secti on there is one in complete which has four bla nks and four choices A, B, C and D, take n from the in terview. Fill in each of the bla nks with one of the choices to complete the in terview and mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.A. And fooled the boys for a while.B. Anctibn think the boys have min ded.C. Weill, because my British publisher.D. All this time I thought?ju<we'reWinfrey : So, this is the firswtemem e t.Rowling : Yes, it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____ 7 ___Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K isRowling : ___ 8 ____ When the first book came out, ffle^yshbugbo ok that will appeal, boysbut theyd n wa'r rt the boys to know a woma n had writte n i? 8b Ullhleye;alSelyouleinaaCS said? fine I ohlyhave)neinitiall don hOvei middleiameBol tookmyfavoriterandmotheame, 's Kathlee n.Winfrey : ____ 9 ____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could prete nd I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ____ 10 ___Rowling : NO ——t hasnh6ldme back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 poi nts)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the An swer Sheet.11. There are several differe nt options for gett ing Internet access. A. choicesB. defi niti onsC. cha nn elsD. reas ons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays. A. min eralsB. substa ncesC. gasesD. beams13. The man ager gave one of the salesgirls an accus ing look for her hostile attitude toward customers. A. unfrien dlyB. optimisticC. impatie ntD. positive14. Since it is late to cha nge my mi nd now, I am resolved to carry out the pla n. A. reviseB. impleme ntC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol. A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the in structi ons. A. take outB. tur n overC. track dow nD. put i n17. The patie nt ‘nditi on has deteriorated since last ni ght. A. improvedB. retur nedC. worse nedD. cha nged18. I couldn afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means. A. also B. non ethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of search ing, scie ntists have detected no sig ns of life beyond our own solar system.20. I prefer chicke n to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallow ing a small bone.Part III Readi ng Comprehe nsion (25 poin ts)Secti on ADirections: In this sect ion, there are four passages followed by questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts, each with four suggested an swers A, B, C and D. Choose the best an swer and mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not eno ugh. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That what happe ned to DennisA. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. exceptA. i nten tionallyB. un expectedlyC. an xiouslyD. hurriedlyMart in and Brooke Curra n.Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist （慈善家）from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the des—Thdoinmiore .trained, the betterurgaotsaid, but I would cross the finish line with no sen selbf accomplishme nt.Even tually , they worked up to running marath ons （马拉松）（and Ion ger races） in other coun tries, on other coun tries. Now both have achieved a no table -and in creas in gly less rate- milest one; running the 26.2-mile race on all seve n con ti nen ts.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the in tersect ion of athleticism andrunsaitionswhich comb ine dista nee running with travel to exotic places.There trips, as expe nsive as they are physically challe nging, are a grow ing and competitive market in the travel in dustry.——In the beg inning, running wassaidugthe n Albrechtse n, a press man ager. The classic marath on was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challe nge, it is no Ion ger excit ing and adve nturous .He nee, the search for new adve ntures bega n.——Noonecoul（evehavdmaginehlatrunningouldjecomhelifestytectivit如att is today, saidThom Gilliga n, foun der and preside nt of Bost on-based Marath on Tours and Travel. Gilliga n, who has bee n in bus in ess since 1979, is partly resp on sible for the seve n-continent phe nomenon.It started with a casual talk to an in terviewer about his compa ny offeri ng trips to every con ti nent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.21. At the beg inning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requireme nts of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a phila nthropic activityD. get away from his sad ness22. Martin and Curran are men ti oned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performa neeD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel in dustry is the developme nt ofA. challe nging run cati onsB. professi onal racesC. An tarctica travel marketD. expe nsive tours24. The classic marath on no Ion ger satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide eno ugh challe ngeB. it may be tough and dan gerousC. it in volves too fierce a competitio nD. it has attracted too many people25. The first An tarctica Maratho n on Ki ng George Isla nd in dicates that .A. intern ati onal cooperati on is a must to such an eventB. run cati ons are expe nsive and physically challe ngingC. Marath on Tours is a leader of the travel in dustryD. adve nturous running has become in creas in gly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college stude nts were treated as childre n. So many cc—eb(es ran in loco pare ntis system.loco parentis is a Latintermmeanin—in theplaceof a parent. It describwhersomeoieteeacceptsresp on sibility to act in the in terests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British com mon law to defi ne the resp on sibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaura nt off campus. Berea threate ned to expel stude nts who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco pare ntis meant that male and female college stude nts usually had to live in separate build in gs. Wome n had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleve n on school ni ghts.But in the 1960s, stude nts bega n to protest rules and restrict ions like these. At the same time, courts bega n to support stude nts who were being puni shed for political and social disse nt.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six stude nts who took part in a civil rights dem on stratio n. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defe nd in loco pare ntis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to theCon stituti on set the vot ing age at eightee n. So in loco pare ntis no Ion ger really applied.Slowly, colleges bega n to treat stude nts not as childre n, but as adults. Stude nts came to be see n as con sumers of educatio nal services.Gary Dickste in, an assista nt vice preside nt at Wright State Uni versity in Dayt on, Ohio, says in loco pare ntis isnot really gon e. It just lookTokifrert s nts, he says, are ofte n heavjtudnvoses:l Theyareknowas—helicoptpa rents. They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these pare nts are likely to questio n decisi ons, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their finan cial in vestme nt is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco pare ntis system because .A. they could take the paujdeafpttrentsB. pare nts asked them to do it for the in terests of their childre nC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college stude nts were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The stude nts.28. The w—(dissent(Para.5) probably-means II .A. extreme behaviorsB. violati on of lawsC. strong disagreeme ntD. Wrong doings29. In 1960 , the court ruled that Alabama State CollegeA. had no right to expel the stude ntsB. was justified to have expelled the stude ntsCshouldinterfere wtunde ndsaily lifeD. should support civil rights dem on strati ons30. Accord ing to Gary [Dxdast—hfelicoptEffrentsA. do ns6tttheir hearts at rest with college admi nistratorsB. keep a watchful eychodrttnBfe and studyC. care less aboilrltilthr e irEducat i on tha n beforeD. have differe nt opinioiohi btreh e ducati onPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don 'move they don 'make sounds; they don 'seem to respond to anything -at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the Ianguage is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compo unds into the air to help n eighbori ng pla nts. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose —to spread information about one plant disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week 'sProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scie ntists looked at tomato pla nts in fested （侵害）by com mon pest, the cutworm caterpillar （毛虫）.To start out, they grew pla nts in two plastic compartme nts conn ected by a tube. One pla nt was in fested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defe nd themselves better aga inst the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and un exposed pla nts. They found one compo und showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers con firmed that unin fested pla nts have to build their own weap on to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know whe n to play defe nse? They are warned first by their frien dly pla nt n eighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happe ning in more pla nt species tha n tomatoes. It may also be happe ning with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only com mun icate, they look out for one ano ther.31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?A. How pla nts com muni cate is still a mystery.B. Eno ugh atte nti on has bee n paid to pla nt talk.C. Pla nts are the furniture of the n atural world.D. Plants can com muni cate with each other.32. Accord ing to Paragraph2, what remai ns unknown is ____A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why pla nts spread chemical in formatio n to their n eighborC. how many types of pla nts release compo unds into the airD. whether pla nts send chemical warnings to their n eighbors33. The tomato pla nts in the experime nt were ____A. placed separately but conn ected through airB. expose to differe nt kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartme nt34. The experime nt shows that the in fested pla nt helps its n eighbors by ___A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releas ing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. produci ng eno ugh Hex Vic to kill the pest35. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of Pla ntsB. Pla nt WorldC. Talki ng Pla ntsD. Pla nt Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas; according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlierthis month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion （拥挤）.Over the next three decades, ano ther 1 milli on reside nts are expected to live in the Greater Van couver regi on, addi ng more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposbyVancouvemayrseeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to2,300 kilometres of road Ian es, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hun dred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830T herwouldbemorerainandmor—sedousi ferry;rossisg）etween Vancouver and its wealthynorthern suburbs. To get all that, reside nts must vote to accept an in crease in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Every one agrees that a more efficie nt tran sport system is n eeded. Confined by mountains to the no rth, the Un ited States to the south and the Pacific Ocea n to the west, Van couver has spread in the only direct ion where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.YeCommutesuspiCi on of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of con gesti on. TransLink, which runs public tran sport in the regi on, is unloved by taxpayers. Passe ngers blame it whe n Skytra in, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leavi ng commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but express ing their an ger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C$7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year trafficupgrade would in volve.Despi t eecomplairVancouvet r ansjsiystem a decerwe-integrated one on which to build, reck ons Todd Litma n, a tran sport con sulta nt who has ―Thetsupg Tide s laira-kall-importa nt if Van couver wants to maintain its reputati on for being a destinatitanisiaiyffirs want to go to.36. The biggest problem threate ning Van couver as a liveable city is .A. in creas ing con gesti onB. climate cha ngeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposab duyarayorsmay be turned dow n by reside nts becauseA. they do not want more people to move inB. they are relucta nt to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their finan cial burde ns38. The on ly direct ion for Van couver to further expa nd is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is men ti oned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous tran sport compa niesB. locEesidentomplaihts about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public tran sportD. worse ning traffic con gesti on40. Accord ing to Todd Litma n, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will ben efit local economyC. satisfies the tran sport compa nyD. deserves public supportSecti on BDirections: In this sect ion, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comme nts on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D Choose the best an swer and mark your an swer on the An swer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of CocaCola be's S elli ng low caloric drink appeared to slow dow n.However, i n the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more tha n 30 perce nt. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billio n for the first tAreeBcrthirstsfor Diet Coke is run giiig-dind^his time it could be for good.The diet soda slowidoiwrely an America nt tan s happe ning worldwide. But the future of dietcolas is particularly cloudy in the Un ited States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers. The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, someth ing America ns are prov ing less and less in terested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners甜味剂）. —Consumeittitudetsward s weeteneaveeallychang^d.said Howard Telford, an industry analyst.—Therea very neva perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around thisJI Comme nt 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether. I honestly think soda is addictive a m ppyot to be drinking it anymore.Comme nt 2Perhaps the slowdow n has someth ing more to do with the skyrocket ing cost of soft drin ks.Comme nt 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comme nt4This is a silly and shallow piece 。

2015考研管理类联考真题（逻辑部分）2015年的考研已经结束，却没有如释重负的感觉，为此，考研专业频道小编在考研结束后拿到了第一手的2015年考研管理类联考真题，欢迎大家查看并估分，按ctrl+D收藏本网页以便了解更多考研信息!2015 考研管理类联考真题—逻辑部分三、逻辑推理：第 26～55 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分。

下列每题给出的 A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

26.晴朗的夜晚可以看到满天星斗，其中有些是自身发光的恒星，有些是自身不发光，但可以反射附近恒星光的行星，恒星尽管遥远但是有些可以被现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

和恒星不同，由于行星本身不发光，而且体积还小于恒星，所以，太阳系的行星大多无法用现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

以下哪项如果为真，最能解释上述现象?A. 如果行星的体积够大，现有的光学望远镜就能“看到”B. 太阳系外的行星因距离遥远，很少能将恒星光反射到地球上C. 现有的光学望远镜只能“看到”自身发光或者反射光的天体D. 有些恒星没有被现有光学望远镜“看到”E. 太阳系内的行星大多可用现有光学望远镜“看到”27.长期以来，手机生产的电磁辐射是否威胁人体健康一直是极具争议的话题。

一项达 10 年的研究显示，每天使用移动电话通话 30 分钟以上的人患神经胶质癌的风险比从未使用者要高出40%，由于某专家建议，在取得进一步证据之前，人们应该采取更加安全的措施，如尽量使用固定电话通话或使用短信进行沟通。

以下哪项如果是真，最能表明该专家的建议不切实际?()A. 大多数手机产生电磁辐射强度符合国家规定标准B. 现有在人类生活空间中的电磁辐射强度已经超过手机通话产生的电磁辐射强度C.经过较长一段时间，人们的体质??逐渐适应强电磁辐射的环境D.在上述实验期间，有些每天使用移动电话通话超过 40 分钟，但他们很健康E.即使以手机短信进行沟通，发送和接收信息瞬间也会产生较强的电磁辐射28.甲、乙、丙、丁、戊和巳等 6 人围坐在一张正六边形的小桌前，每边各坐一人。

2015年管理类联考逻辑真题及答案2015年管理类专业学位全国联考综合能力三、逻辑推理（本大题共 30 小题，每小题 2 分,共 60 分。

从下面每题所给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上所选项的字母涂黑。

）26.晴朗的夜晚我们可以看到满天星斗，其中有些是自身发光的恒星，有些是自身不发光但可以反射附近恒星光的行星。

恒星尽管遥远，但是有些可以被现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

和恒星不同，由于行星本身不发光，而且体积远小于恒星，所以，太阳系外的行星大多无法用现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

以下哪项如果为真，最能解释上述现象？关公号考研逻辑联考获取更多逻辑资料(A) 现有的光学望远镜只能“看到”自身发光或者反射光的天体。

(B) 有些恒星没有被现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

关公号考研逻辑联考获取更多逻辑资料(C) 如果行星的体积够大，现有的光学望远镜就能够“看到”。

(D) 太阳系外的行星因距离遥远，很少能将恒星光反射到地球上。

(E) 太阳系内的行星大多可以用现有的光学望远镜“看到”。

27.长期以来，手机生产的电磁辐射是否威胁人体健康一直是极具争议的话题。

一项达10年的研究显示，每天使用移动电话通话30分钟以上的人患神经胶质癌的风险比从未使用者要高出40%，由于某专家建议，在取得进一步证据之前，人们应该采取更加安全的措施，如尽量使用固定电话通话或使用短信进行沟通。

以下哪项如果是真，最能表明该专家的建议不切实际？(A) 大多数手机产生电磁辐射强度符合国家规定标准。

(B) 现有在人类生活空间中的电磁辐射强度已经超过手机通话产生的电磁辐射强度。

(C) 经过较长一段时间，人们的体质逐渐适应强电磁辐射的环境。

(D) 在上述实验期间，有些每天使用移动电话通话超过40分钟，但他们很健康。

(E) 即使以手机短信进行沟通，发送和接收信息瞬间也会产生较强的电磁辐射。

28.甲、乙、丙、丁、戊和己等6人围坐在一张正六边形的小桌前，每边各坐一人。

20XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered tobe normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。

绝密★启用前2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试统一考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

（1）考生在考试开考后15分钟后不得入场。

（2）交卷出场时间不得早于考试结束前30分钟。

（3）交卷结束后，不得再进考场续考，也不得在考场附近逗留或交谈。

2.答题前，应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号等信息。

3.答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

（1）填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。

如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

（2）书写部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。

字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束后，将答题卡装入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人员。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work,and today is no different, with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2:A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addiction9poorly-educated,middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could____14strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the 15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a squandering of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day's work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don't have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1.A.boasting B.denying C.ensuring D.warning2.A.instability B.inequality C.unreliability D.uncertainty3.A.prediction B.guideline C.resolution D.policy4.A.divided B.characterized C.balanced D.measured5.A.wisdom B.glory C.meaning D.freedom6.A.Indeed B.instead C.Thus D.nevertheless7.A.rich B.working C.urban cated8.A.substitute B.requirement pensation D.explanation9.A.under B.beyond C.among D.alongside10.A.leave behind B.set aside C.make up D.worry about11.A.statistically B.occasionally C.economically D.necessarily12.A.chances B.benefits C.downsides D.principles13.A.height B.absence C.face D.course14.A.yield B.restore C.exclude D.disturb15.A.model B.practice C.hardship D.virtue16.A.scarce B.lengthy C.mysterious D.tricky17.A.standards B.demands C.qualities D.threats18.A.ignored B.confused C.tired D.starved19.A.into B.against C.behind D.off20.A.technological cational C.professional D.interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50.000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Park run phenomenon began with a d friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers Runners range from four years old to grandparents,their times range from Andrew Baddelay's world record13minutes48 seconds up to an hour.Park run is succeeding where London's Olympic“Legacy is failing,Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that great legacy of the Games would be to lover a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise.by nearly2million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was graving faster.Worse the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hairs of sport a week have nearly halved,Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to“inspire a generation”The success of Park run offers answers.Park run is not a race but a time trial Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast wonted to get more people ding spot and to produce more elite athletes.The dud aim was mixed up.The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods-making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all there activities in schools，But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future garments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make then worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_________.A.created may jobsB.become an official festivalC.gained great popularityD.strengthened community ties22.The author believes that London's Olympic“Legacy”has failed to_________.A.boost population growthB.improve the city's image.C.promote sport participation.D.increase sport hours in schools.23.Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it_________.A.does not emphasize elitismB.does not attract first-timesC.aims at discovering talentsD.focuses on mass competition24.With regard to mass sports,the author holds that government should_________.A.increase funds for sport clubsB.invest in public sports facilitiesC.supervise local sports associationsanize“grassroots”sports events25.The author's attitude to that U.K governments have done for sports is_________.A.criticalB.tolerantC.uncertainD.SympatheticText2With so much focus on Children's use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.”Tech is designed to really suck you in”,says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,”and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents'faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normalway before putting on blank express and not giving then any visual social feedback.The child becomes increasingly distressed as he tries to capture her mother's attention.“Parents don't have to be exquisitely present at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children.It's based on a somewhat fantasised very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to30000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot of using their devicess to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier which them be more available to their child the rest of the time26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to_________.A.absorb user attentionB.increase work efficiencyC.simplify routine mattersD.better interpersonal relations27.Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers'use of devices_________.A.take away babies'appetiteB.distracts children's attention.C.reduces mother-child communication.D.shows down babies'period development.28.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”to show that_________.A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB.parents need to respond to children's emotional needsC.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeD.children are insensitive to changes in their parents'mood29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_________.A.protect kids form exposure to wild fantasiesB.teach their kids at least30000words a yearC.remain concerned about kid use of screensD.ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick,kids'use of screens may_________.A.make their parents more creativeB.give their parents more free timeC.help them with their homeworkD.help them become more attentiveText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completelyoverlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn't it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true,it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or a lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not impede the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn't surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It's not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that______.A.they think it academically misleadingB.they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC.it feels strange to do differently from othersD.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps________.A.keep students from being unrealisticB.lower risks in choosing careersC.ease freshmen's financial burdensD.relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”(Line8，Para.3)is closest in meaning to_______.A.adaptationB.applicationC.motivationpetition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them________.A.avoid academic failuresB.establish long-term goalsC.switch to another collegeD.decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be___________.A.In Favor of the Gap YearB.The ABCs of the Gap YearC.The Gap Year Comes BackD.The Gap Year：A DilemmaText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,Professor Moritz and others say.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires–nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago. In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work–such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep–that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies,such as the Department of Housing and Urban Development,are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.“We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,‘Wait a minute, is this OK?'Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a pivot would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change–how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases (including human carbon emissions)is leading to conditions that exacerbate fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,”he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and perception of what the solution is becomes.very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire.today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they__________.A.exhausted unprecedented management effortsB.consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC.severely damaged the ecology of western statesD.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass”to____________.A.raise more funds for fire-prone areasB.avoid the redirection of federal moneyC.find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD.guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element，Moritz notes that__________.A.public debates have not settled yetB.fire-fighting conditions are improvingC.other factors should not be overlookedD.a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to___________.A.discover the fundamental makeup of natureB.explore the mechanism of the human systemsC.maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD.understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should____________.A.do away withe to terms withC.pay a price forD.keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain，particularly from Donald Trump.“We don't make anything anymore,”he told Fox News，while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question，manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades，and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country，factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge：instead of having too many workers，they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing，American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every lennials may not be that interested in taking their place，other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners，it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages.“They're harder to find and they have job offers，”says Jay Dunwell，president of Wolverine Coil Spring，a family-owned firm，“They may be cominginto the workforce]，but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing，”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing，a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980，Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers，fiveare retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program，with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant，young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career，he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.“I love working with tools.I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers，manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle：parents，who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression，telling them to avoid the lennials“remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession，”says Birgit Klohs，chief executive of The Right Place，a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced：Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in 1970to12million in2013.When the recovery began，worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill，”says Rob Spohr，a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between，and that's where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing：a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours，young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives，”she says.[A]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves workingwith tools.41.Jay Deuwell[B]points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need muchskill.42.Jason Stenquist[C]points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43.Birgit Klohs[D]believe that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44.Rob Spohr[E]says that for factory owners,workers are harder to find because of stiffcompetition45.Julie Parks[F]points out that a work/life balance can attract young people intomanufacturing.[G]says that the manufactuing recession is to blame for the lay-off the youngpeople’s parents.Section III Translation46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese,write your translation on ANSWERSHEET.(15points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realised I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is one of my favorite activities.But,to be honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream--I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course“Fashion Media&Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47．Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group ofinternational students.Write a reply to1)accept the invitation,and2)introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48．Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2013-2015年我国博物馆数量和参观人数2017年管理类联考英语（二）真题答案解析Section I Use of English1.D.2.B.3.A.4.B.5.C.6.A.7.B.8.D.9.C.10.D.11.D.12.C.13.B.14.A.15.D.16.A.17.B.18.C.19.A.20.C.【参考译文】几个世纪以来人们都在预测着一个没有工作的未来世界。