非谓语动词
动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。
第一节知识点概述
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
（一）动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。也就是说，不定式可以担任除谓语以外的所有句子成分。
1.作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy.
或It is not easy to learn English well.
动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
It needs more patience to be a good primary school teacher.
做一名好的小学老师需要更多的耐心。
如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用for
It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. （for+代词/名词表示不定式的逻辑主语）
It is important for us to wear safety belt when we drive.
我们开车时要系好安全带，这一点很重要。
表示人物的性格特征和品质等形容词后，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。
It is +adj+of sb.to do sth
It is very rude of Mary to use four-letter words.
玛丽说脏话是很不礼貌的。
It is really kind of them to let us use their computers.
他们真好，让我们使用他们的电脑。
2.作表语
My wish is to become a teacher.
某些可做系动词用的不及物动词（seem，appear，remain等）后面也可用不定式作表语。
Jerry appears to be an intelligent boy but i doubt if he is really smart.
杰瑞看上去是一个聪明的学生，但我怀疑他是否真聪明。
Tom always seems to be a few steps behind everyone else.
汤姆似乎总是比别人慢几步。
3.作宾语
Most of us like to watch football matches.
NOTE: a. 动词不定式也可以带连接词（how,what,when,where,who,whom,whether）一起作动词的宾语，这种结构接近一个宾语从句。例如：
Can you tell me when to set off? Can you tell me when we/I should set off?
I don’t know who/whom to turn to for help? I dont know who/whom I should turn to for help.
b. 如果谓语动词后跟不定式做宾语同时又跟有补语，这时要用it作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语的后面。
例如：
Harry feels it challenging to be a hotel manager. 哈利觉得当一名饭店经理具有挑战性。
Alice finds it very difficult to handle so many inquisitive pupils.
爱丽丝发觉应付这么多好问的小学生很困难。
4.作宾语补足语
He told me to be here on time.
Advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, persuade, permit, order, oblige (强制),urge, enable, etc,.
5.作定语
由only，last，next 及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
She was the last guest to arrive at the feast. 她是最后一个赴宴的客人。
The dedicated old worker is always the first to come to the workshop. 那位敬业的老工人总是第一个来车间上班。
This is the fifth case of SARS to have occurred within a week. 这是一周内出现的第五例“非典”病例。
I have nothing to say about that thing.
6.作状语
Tony saw his tutor this afternoon to discuss his thesis with him. (目的状语)
Li Ming was overjoyed to hear the news that he had passed CET-4.(原因状语)
My son went to France not to study French,but to study architecture. （目的状语）
不定式作目的状语时，其否定形式常用in order not to 或者so as not to 的结构。
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形
例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.
（不定式作宾语）
(2) How to use the machine is a question.
（不定式作主语）
(3) The question is when to go there.
（不定式作表语）
（二），常见的不带to的不定式结构
1，宾语补足语中to的省略
当不定式用于make，have，let，see，watch，observe，notice，perceive，look at，hear，listen to，smell，feel等使役动词和观感动词（短语）后面作宾补时，to须省略。例如：
I heard her greet my neighbour just now. 我刚才听见她和我邻居打招呼了。
Jane’s grandparents listened to her play the piano. 简的爷爷和奶奶听她弹钢琴。
We all felt the earth shiver when the quake happened. 地震发生时，我们都感觉到地面在颤动。
但是，当这些动词用于被动语态时，它们的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语，这时不定式须带to。例如：
My deskmate was made to redo his homework by our math teacher. 数学老师要求我的同桌重做作业。
Tom was heard to cough late at night by his mom. 汤姆深夜咳嗽被他妈妈听见了。
如果主语是all或what 等引导的从句，而且主语后面的从句中有实义动词do时，作表语用的不定式中的to既可以省略也可以保留。
All the trapped survivors could do then was wait for rescue.
当时那些被困的幸存者所能做的只是等待救援。
What I want all of you to do is (to) be active and cooperative in my class.
我要求大家在我的课上要积极和配合。
如果except，but之前有实义动词do，那么它们后面一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。例如There is nothing to do but wait.除了等待以外无事可做。
We have no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待以外别无选择。
She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花钱以外只是无所事事。
He wouldn’t talk about work, except to say that he was busy. 他除了说很忙以外从不谈论工作。
Rather than 位于句首时，其后的不定式省去to，当它们出现在句中其他位置时，通常也不带to，但有时为了保持前后一致，也有带to的情况。例如：
Rather than go by bus, he walks to his office everyday. 他每天步行而不是乘公交去上班。
Nowadays people like to make phone calls rather than write letters. 如今人们喜欢打电话而不是写信。
在下列结构中也常用不带to的动词不定式had better，would rather，would sooner，would just as soon，may/might/could （just）as well，cannot but，cannot help but等。例如：
You’d better not say that.
She would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.
她宁愿辞职也不愿参与这种不正当的买卖。
One cannot but admire her determination. 人们不得不佩服她的决心。
I could not help but agree with her. 我不得不同意她。
Help 后面的不定式可保留也可不保留to
V olunteers helped us (to) carry the survivors onto the ambulances. 志愿者们帮助我们把幸存者抬到救护车上。
（二）动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1．一般式to do
例如：I like to read English.
2．进行式to be doing
例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3．完成式to have done
例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4．被动式to be done
例如：The work is to be done soon.
在某些结构中不定式虽然表示被动的意思，用的却是主动形式。例如：
Give her some books to read. 给她几本书读读。
This apartment is to let.
在there be 引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可用被动式，也可用主动式。例如：
There are many phones to answer (to be answered).有许多电话要回。
5．完成被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二、分词Participle
分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词，它们在句子中的作用大体相同，主要区别表现在语态和时间关系上，一般说来，现在分词表示的意义是主动的、进行的，过去分词表示的意义是被动的、完成的。
The developing countries 发展中国家the developed countries 发达国家
The girl picking flowers 采花的女孩the flowers picked this morning 今早采的花
也有些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，并不表示被动，只表示完成。例如：
Boiled water 开水faded flowers 残花fallen leaves 落叶newly arrived customers 刚到的顾客（一）分词的句法功能
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：
1．作定语
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？
2．作表语
现在分词做表语一般表示主语的性质，过去分词作表语一般表示主语所处的状态。分词作表语时，其作用相当于形容词。
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
3．作宾语补足语/主语补足语（被动语态）
I heard him singing a song in the classroom.
We found the ground covered with snow.
She was heard singing the song in Italian. 有人听见她用意大利语唱这首歌。
4.作状语
(1).表示时间，一般放在句首，相当于时间状语从句，例如：
Looking out of the window, I saw some kids playing hide-and-seek in the courtyard.
向窗外一看，我发现一群孩子正在院子里玩捉迷藏。
(2). 表示原因，一般放在句首，有时也放在句中或句末，相当于原因状语从句。例如：
Being ill, Steve didn’t attend classes today.
Tom threw the slip of paper into the paper-basket,not wanting his mom to find it.
由于不希望妈妈发现纸条，汤姆把它扔进了废纸篓。
(3).表示伴随状况或方式，相当于另一个分句，一般放在句末，有时也放在句中或句首。例如：
Laughing and talking, the pupils rushed out of the classroom and ran to the playground.
学生们有说有笑地冲出教室，跑向操场。
(4).表示结果通常位于句末。例如：
The Iraq War has been on for over five years, having killed more than 4,000 US soldiers so far.
伊拉克战争已经打了5年多，迄今已有4000多名美军士兵阵亡。.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
（二）分词的时态
现在分词分一般式doing 和完成式having done，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或者现在分词（多为非延续性动词）的动作发生后，谓语动词的动作随即发生，那么，要用现在分词的一般形式。例如：
Walking in the street yesterday, I ran into an old friend of mine.(walking 为延续性动词，与ran into···同时发生) 昨天我在大街上邂逅了一位老朋友。
Arriving at the station, I was disappointed to find that my train had just pulled out of the station.(arriving为非延续性动词，其动作发生后，was disappointed to find```的情况随即发生)
一到火车站，我失望地发现我要乘的那列火车刚刚开出站。
现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语，表示时间或原因。例如：
Having finished her homework,she went to help her mother to clean the house. (表示时间)
完成作业后，她去帮妈妈打扫房间。
Having been a tourist guide in Beijing for many years, I offered to show them around in the Palace Museum.(表示原因) 由于在北京当了多年的导游，我主动表示要带他们去故宫观光。
Not having done it right, I had to try it again. (表示原因)
由于没有做好，我不得不再试一次。
（三）现在分词的被动式
被动一般式being done 表示说话时刻正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生；
被动完成式having been done 表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Do you know the man being operated on?
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.
Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.
（四）分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
（五）分词独立主格结构
分词作状语时，也可以有自己独立的，逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词独立结构，或叫分词独立主格。
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.
The meeting being over, they all left the room.
三、动名词
动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。
动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health.
（作主语）
⑵My job is looking after children.
（作表语）
⑶I have finished reading the novel.
（作宾语）
英语中只接动名词而不是不定式作宾语的动词，如admit, advice, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest等。
另外，在demand，deserve，need，require，want等动词后面，作宾语的动名词的主动形式往往表示被动的意思。例如My hair needs cutting. My hair needs to be cut.
These are several important language points which deserve mentioning here.
有几个重要的语言点需要在这里提一下。
注意：
当动名词短语作宾语而其后又跟有补语时，需用it作形式宾语，而将动名词（短语）放到补语的后面去。例如：
He found it useless arguing with her. 他发现与她争辩毫无作用。
Do you think it polite saying dirty words to your teacher? 你认为对老师讲脏话礼貌吗？
⑷We have got a swimming pool in our school.
（做定语）
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：
He made me angry by not taking the medicine.
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：
Would you mind my opening the door?
He doesn’t like his wife’s working late.他不喜欢妻子工作到很晚。
Susan’s complaining annoyed her husband. 苏珊的抱怨惹恼了她丈夫。
如果动名词（短语）不在句首，这一结构也可以用人称代词宾格（或名词的普通格），例如：
I won’t mind him joining our basketball team.我不介意他加入我们篮球队。
Is there any hope of Richard winning the first prize?
理查德有希望获一等奖吗？
动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在后。
例如：
We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)
Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生）
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：
I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
She attended the party without being invited.
动名词的被动语态：being done；having been done
The old man came to the party without being invited.
那位老人没受到邀请就来参加晚会了。
Over 68,000 people having been killed in Wenchuan earthquake shocked the whole world.
汶川地震中68，000多人遇难，整个世界为之震惊。
注意：在want，deserve，need，require等动词后面，尽管表示的是被动的意思，却用动名词的主动形式。形容词worth后接动名词时，也是如此。例如：
Your hair needs cutting.你需要理发了。
The issue deserves discussing. 这个问题值得讨论。
This long-term plan requires studying with great care. 这项长期规划需要仔细研究。
The film is not worth watching. 这部电影不值得一看。
第二节实战演练
一、要点
1．动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）
I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）
2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如：I’m sorry to have broken your g lasses.
3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。
例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。
例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.
The cinema is said to have been built last year.
5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式
例如：I hate eating the same food every day.
Would you like to watch TV in the evening?
6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。
例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.
He needs to clean the house first.
7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。
例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.
I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.
8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。
例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.
9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。
例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.
10. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。
例如：Having finished his composition, he went home.
While looking through the paper, he found some errors.
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
答案为C。
【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
答案为C。
【解析】lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost
答案：B
【解析】risk后面只能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒……之险”。
例4、_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed
答案为C。
【解析】在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
答案：A
【解析】put sth. into use “让……投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。
例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
答案：C
【解析】动词不定式充当目的状语。
例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
答案为C
【解析】动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。
例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken
答案：A
【解析】take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for (报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。
例9、Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit
答案为A。
【解析】该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。
例10、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
答案为B。
【解析】现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。
第三节巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. _____ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual.
A. Not known
B. Known not
C. Knowing not
D. Not knowing
2. —Have you decided when_____?
—Yes, tomorrow morning.
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving
3. I really enjoy_____ that kind of job.
A. do
B. doing
C. to do
D. to be doing
4. —There’s a hole in your bag.
—l know. I am going to have it_____.
A. mend
B. mending
C. mended
D. to be mended
5. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
6. Tell him_____ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
7. The furniture ______on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident .
A. being delivered
B. having delivered
C. having been delivered
D. delivered
8. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break
B. broken
C. break
D. breaking
9. I can’t imagine_____ that with them.
A. do
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing
10. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
11. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I’d like to have this package_____, madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
12. Slowly she opened the letter, _____.
A. her hands trembled slightly
B. slightly her hands were trembled
C. her hands slightly trembling C. trembling her hands slightly
13. All ______will be present at the conference .
A. parties concerned
B. parties concerning
C. concerned parties
D. concerning parties
14. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
15. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
16. Last summer I took a course on_______.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
18. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
19. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. to have sailed
20. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot_____.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
21. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
22. Not having finished his homework, _____ to watch the game.
A. so he was forbidden
B. he forbade
C. he was forbidden
D. mother forbid him
23. The _____ world population is the result of recent advances in medical science.
A. increased
B. increase
C. being increasing
D. Increasing
24. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
25. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
26. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
27. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
28. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
29. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______ “Sorry to miss you; will
call later.”
A. read
B. reads
C. to read
D. reading
30. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
31. It is impossible to avoid ______by advertisements in a modern society.
A. to be influenced
B. being influenced
C. to influence
D. influenced
32. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______side of a person’s personality.
A. hiding
B. hid
C. hidden
D. hide
33 —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
A. to solving…making
B. to solving…made
C. to solve…making
D. to solve…made
34. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they
will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
35. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
36. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
37. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
38. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
39. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______some children flying kites.
A. stop to watch
B. stopping watch
C. stopping to watch
D. to stop to watch
40. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
41. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings
before firing any shots.
A. to issue
B. being issued
C. to have issued
D. to be issued
42. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need ______.
A. that…to be improved
B. which…to be improved
C. where…improving
D. when…improving
43. —What do you think made the woman so upset？
—_____ weight.
A. As she put on
B. Put on
C. Putting on
D. Because of putting on
44. The manager,______ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing
B. known
C. to know
D. being known
45. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
46. Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking
B. To take
C. Take
D. Taken
47. Friendship is like money, easier made than ____.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
48. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attended
D. The president’s attending
49. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
50. Time should be made good use of ____ our lessons well.
A. learning
B. learned
C. to learn
D. having learned
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
非谓语动词知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、非谓语动词 1．________, he has to listen to tapes every day. A. To learn English well B. Learn English well C. Learning English well 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：为了学好英语，他不得不每天听录音。选项部分在句子中表示目 的，故用动词不定式，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的成分。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体 验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 5．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是
式主语eg:It is right to give up smoking. ②作表语 eg:The important thing is to save lives. ③作宾语 eg:He want to go. ④作宾语补足语feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词do+believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think 3do https://www.doczj.com/doc/bb6136797.html,mand.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f https://www.doczj.com/doc/bb6136797.html,rm.invite.oblige.or der.permit.persuade.prepare.recomm enf.remide.request.require.send.teac h.urge.want.warm.wish.4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语⑤作定语 eg Tee farmer thought of ways to protect their crops. ⑥作状语 1作目的状语 2作结果状语3作条件状语 4⑦作独立成分eg:To tell the truth, I don't agree wih you. whos,which,when,how,what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out.2eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。 eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.2
高考英语非谓语动词练习题 1．The headmaster wanted the new classroom building___as soon as possible．A．to put up B．to be put up C．to have been put up D．being put up 2．At the shopping－centre，he didn’t know what____and____with an empty bag．A．to buy；leave B．to be bought C．to buy；left D．was so buy；leave 3．The policeman put down the phone，____with a smile on his face． A．satisfied B．satisfying C．to be satisfied D．having satisfied 4．____，your composition is full of mistakes． A．Writing carelessly B．Written carelessly C．Having written carelessly D．Being written carelessly 5．She made a candle_____us light． A．give B．gave C．to give D．given 6．The stranger you saw_____with a big travelling－bag stayed in Room 104 yesterday． A．to come in B．come in C．has come in D．who came in 7．——What do you suppose made her worried? ——_____a gold ring． A．Lose B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 8．He feft a stone____his back． A．hitting B．hit C．hitted D．to hit 9．I know it’s not important，but I can’t help_____about it． A．to think B．and think C．thinking D．being thought 10．_____several times the young scientist still kept on making his experi －ments． A．Having been failed B．Having failed C．Though failed D．Because of failure 11．In Australia，he made a lot of friends____a very practical knowledge of the English language． A．get B．go get C．getting D．got 12．——What did you mean by saying that? ——I mean no harm．I only____． A．meant heping B．want to help C．meant of help D．want helping 13．I never expected the shoes_____． A．wearing out B．to be worn out C．to have worn out D．being worn out 14．You must learn_____． A．that your time needs a wise use B．how to make lest of your time C．to make wise use of your time D．wise ways to use your time 15．_____is better_____one’s life than_____one’s spirit． A． That； lost； you lose B． It； to lose； lose C．This ； losing ； losing D． It； to lose ； to lose
最新非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Moving to Canada for higher education has been exciting. On the first day of term, there were crowds of people in the dormitory, all where they should go. A．looked for B．looking for C．were looking for D．had been looking for 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：到加拿大接受高等教育令人兴奋，开学第一天，宿舍挤满了人，大家都在找自己该去的地方。People与look for是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故B项正确。 2． Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain. A．to cause B．cause C．causing D．caused 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。causing 现在分词作结果状语。句意：连续几个小时打暴力的电子游戏会影响大脑的工作方式，危害大脑细胞并减慢大脑的活动。故C正确。 考点：考查非谓语动词 3．Don't turn a deaf ear to the advice which will make a ________to your future. A．mess B．difference C．fuss D．remark 【答案】B 【解析】 不要对能够对你未来产生影响的建议掩耳不闻。make a different to对什么有影响，是固定短语，所以选B。 4．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。
非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Many white collars went back to second and third-tier cities only ______that housing prices there are also jumping, traffic jams increasing and the air becoming dirty. A．to have found B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】C 【解析】C考查动词不定式。句意：许多白领回到二、三线城市，却发现那里的房价也在上涨，交通堵塞加剧，空气变得很脏。动词不定式表示现在的结果，用动词不定式的一般式形式，故选C。 2．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turn C．get D．grow 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。make表示“发展成为(=develop into)”，是及物动词；turn表示“变成，成为”是不及物动词；get“变成，做成”是不及物动词；grow表示“生长，成长”。根据句意“缺乏智能和毅力的人是不可能成为一个好的研究人员的。”及句式结构可知，此处应使用及物动词表示“使成为”之意，make a good researcher 意为“成为一个出色的研究者”。故最佳答案应为A项。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep 【答案】D 【解析】
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A．Working out B．Worked out C．To work out D．Work out 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell 教授 咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。 【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？ 1) 目的状语。To?only to 仅( 仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) 如此??a以s 便to ??() 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的， 要放在句子后面。如：What have I said to make you angry ？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill 听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014 年四川卷第7 题相似—Good idea.To find more about it, visit this website. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词 不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可 以轻松解题。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _____ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth 是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong 在这个句子中， deal with 的宾语是trouble ，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble 这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ from the library
简单非谓语动词练习题 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．In response to the citizens’ concern, the government claimed ______ measures to attend to the increasingly serious smog in the past two months. A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．to have taken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。 2．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．completed D．having been completed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed表将来、被动。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。 【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，句中关键词next year说明动作是将要发生。而The airport和complete是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。 3．________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查过去分词做状语：句意：被科技的进步鼓舞着，很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语，encourage和这句话的主语many farmers是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，选C。 考点：考查过去分词做状语 4．Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 【答案】C 【解析】
非谓语动词专项训练 一、① I want one magazine ______ . ( read ) ②My teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer ) ③The woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine ) ④My bicycle wants _______ . ( repair ) 二、①What made you ______ so ? ( think ) ②The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry ) ③The show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest ) ④He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see ) ⑤He raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear ) ⑥My father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give ) ⑦The boss had the workers _______ day and night . ( work ) 三、①You'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean ) ②Yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal ) ③You should get your friends _______ you . ( help ) ④The lecture got us _______ . ( think ) ⑤Don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch ) 四、①Did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal ) ②I saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read ) ③She was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take ) ④I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat ) ⑤She was seen ________ here . ( come ) 五、①I like _______ very much . ( swim ) ②I don't like _______ TV at this time . ( watch ) ③He never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise ) ④I feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go ) ⑤Would you like ______ with me ? ( go ) 六、①The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak ) ②I don't know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak ) ③He is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite ) 七、①It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn ) ②I have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do ) ③"Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? "asked Mother . ( wash ) ④You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull ) ⑤I want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find ) 八、①He doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play ) ②We have no choice but _______ . ( obey ) ③I'm thinking of how _______ my English . ( improve ) ④He made an apology for _____ late . ( be ) 九、①He told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite ) ②He told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble ) ③At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten ) ④The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again . ( disappoint ) 十、①He is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter ) ②He is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see ) (类似于turn to do)
新概念语法专项训练---非谓语动词篇 1.Too much homework usually makes children very tired. A. to feel B. felt C. feeling D. feel 2.We’d like many apples to eat. A.Have B. has C. having D. to have 3.Yang Ling, please stop ! It’s time for class. A.to play B. playing C. plays D. play 4.We are very glad your good news. When are you coming t our city? A. to hear B. hearing C. hear D. heard 5.The children had fun kites at the square this afternoon. A.Flew B. to fly C. fly D. flying 6.---Where is Tom? ---I saw him the violin in the teacher’s office just now. You can go there. A.play B. to play C. playing D. played 7.---Li Hong speaks English very well. ---Yes, she practices it for almost three hours every day. A.speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 8.You’d better this kind of bikes. It’s not good. A.buy B. to buy C. not to buy D. not buy 9.---Why not the music club? ---Sorry, I can’t sing or dance. A.to join in B. join in C. join D. joining 10.At dinner time, I often enjoy Mom everything that happened at school. A.told B. to be told C. to told D. telling 11.The old man is ill and he doesn’t feel like . A.to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything 12.---Is Jack in the library? ---Maybe. I saw him out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went 13.Do you enjoy English in our class? A.teach B. taught C. to teach D. teaching 14.Please don’t forget the room while I am away in Beijing. A.clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning 15.Stop a noise in the library. The students are reading books. A.make B. to make C. makes D. making 16.Father often tells me too much time on computer games. A.don’t spend B. not spend C. not to spend D. not spending 17.The teachers often tell their pupils across the road when the traffic light is red. A.not go B. not to go C. don’t go D. didn’t go 18.Our teacher told us an electric bike. It’s too dangerous. A.to ride B. not ride C. not to ride D. not riding 19.After several campus attacks, many schools across the country have already taken action their campuses . A.making, safe B. made, safe C. to make, safe D. make, safe
2016-2017年高考非谓语动词试题汇编 1.(2016天津卷4) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, _______ air conditioning unnecessary. A.making B. to make C. made D. being made 2.(2016浙江卷10) To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _______in Australia in 2012. A.being conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted 3.(2016浙江卷19) I had as much fun sailing the sea as I now do _______ with students. A.working B. work C. to work D. worked 4.(2016江苏卷28) In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _______ within the work. A.to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 5.(2017北京卷27) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _______ their valuable time. A.save B. saving C. to save D. saved 6.(2017北京卷30) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______ from butterflies to elephants. A.ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 7.(2017北京卷32) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. A.to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 8.(2017江苏卷21) Many Chinese brands, ________ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. A.having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 9.(2017天津卷10) I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _______. A.catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 10.(2017天津卷14) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A.being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 1--5 ADABC 6--10 ADACB
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语
。 eg:It is right to give up smoking. ②作表语 eg:The important thing is to save lives. ③作宾语 eg:He want to go. ④作宾语补足语 feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词 do+ believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think command.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f 4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语 ⑤作定语 eg of ways to protect their ⑥作状语 1 2作结果状语 3作条件状语 4 ⑦作独立成分 eg:To tell the truth, I ⑧不定式与疑问词 whos,which,when,how, what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out. 2 eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。 eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in. 2
。 不定式的时态 ③不定式的语态 动或被动依照其含义而定 eg:To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of life 2 在句中做后置定语修饰名词 3 不定式有副词的句法功能，后置修 饰形容词时常用主动形式。做句子 ④不带 feel.hear.listen to. make.lrt.have.see.look at. watch.notice.observe 2在下列结构的than之后长接不带 定式 would rather.....tham,would wsooner.....than,rather than,do nothing than, do more than,do less than cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot 4疑问句why长直接不带to的不定式连用， 构成以why开头的简短疑问句 eg:why not do sth 5在let fly/go,make believe,make do,I've heard say等固定搭配中不带to的不定式 ⑤不定式的复合结构 1
高考非谓语动词练习题及答案 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(北京)______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. A．Ordering B．To order C．Having ordered D．Ordered 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系，即order the books/the books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。 【点睛】 分词作状语 1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. ="as" soon as sb. does sth.。 2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。 3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。 4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。 5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。 6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。 2．______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well. A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Having exposed D．To expose 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的办法。这里is是谓语，前面是主语，应该用动名词，而且be exposed to“暴露于，接触”，所以选B。 考点：考查动名词做主语 3．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’s voice better ______ in the world. A．hearing B．to be heard C．hear D．heard 【答案】D 【解析】