1-7 基础知识归纳与练习
单词归纳与练习
【练一练】
I．根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. He must be the __________ (own) of the lost bike. Y ou should return it to him.
2. I'm__________ (frighten) of walking home alone. Please go with me.
3. He has a__________ (value) collection of stamps.
4. He had made a mistake, but he was__________ (aware) of it.
5. All the__________ (city) in Beijing are very friendly.
6. When she heard the music, she danced__________ (excite).
7. The boy didn't admit__________ (break) the window.
8. The twin brothers __________ (agree) on almost everything, so they often argue with each other.
9. My brother didn't want to go out, so he pretended __________ (be) ill.
10. We can not use the dirty water without any __________ (treat).
II．根据句意及汉语提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。
11．Fishing with cormorants is a__________ (传统的) job.
12．Computers are now__________ (广泛地) used in business.
13. The__________ (平均的) age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
14. Those insects__________ (产卵) their eggs on leaves.
15. He__________ (命令) the man to cross the river as soon as possible.
16. It was a__________ (遗憾的事) for me to go abroad without saying goodbye to you.
17. The police caught the thief and__________ (拖) him away.
18. What is the__________ (合计) of all the numbers?
19. A straight line is the shortest__________ (距离) between two points.
20. Mrs Wu has been a teacher for many years, so she has a lot of teaching __________ (经验).
词组归纳与练习
【练一练】从以上所归纳的词组中选择合适的词组填空，注意用其适当形式。
1. The service of the restaurant is very bad. Many people __________ it.
2. Who will__________ our class next term? Is it still Miss Zhang?
3. Could you please __________ your room? It's in a mess (凌乱的).
4. If you lose the book you borrowed from the library, you must __________ it.
5. It is a good article __________ a few spelling mistakes.
6. The Greeks finally __________ capturing the city of Troy with a trick.
7. Wait a moment. He will be back__________.
8. There are not enough bicycles here. We can __________ to use them.
9. Someone __________ my house yesterday. And my money was stolen.
10. Remember to __________ the lights when you leave the office.
句型归纳与练习
【练一练】
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1．你的铅笔盒和我的大小一样。
Y our pencil box is of __________ __________ size __________ mine.
2．他过去常常在这条河里钓鱼。
He __________ ___________ ___________ fishing in this river.
3．你认为这次深圳之行怎么样？
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ the trip to Shenzhen? 4．我们何不一起去购物呢？
__________ __________ we go shopping together?
5．杰克很幽默，他常常能让他的朋友们保持快乐。
Jack is very humorous and he can always __________ his friends __________.
6．风够大，可以放风筝了。
The wind is __________ __________ to fly a kite.
7．谢谢你给我买了这么大一个生日蛋糕。
__________ __________ __________ buying such a big birthday cake for me. 8．老人激动得说不出话来。
The old man is __________ excited __________ say a word.
语法归纳与练习
【练一练】
用what (a/an)或how填空。
1. Look！__________ happily the children are flying kites!
2. __________ interesting storybook Mr Black gave us!
3. ----__________ good work you have done!
---- It's very kind of you to say so.
4. Mary got good grades in the exams. __________ excited she was!
5. ---- I've just got a postcard from my friend.
---- Let me have a look. Wow! __________ nice card!
Ⅱ．用所给词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
6. Do you think computers are__________ (smart) than people?
7. Who is__________ (lazy), Hobo or Eddie?
8. Of all the things, the one on the right is __________ (good).
9. The maple (枫树) leaves will get much__________ (red) in autumn.
10. Which season is __________ (cold)?
II．根据汉语意思补全句子，每空一词。
11.这本书比那本书新。
This book is __________ __________ that one.
12.在所有的科目中，哪一门最重要？
Which subject is __________ __________ __________ of all?
13.骑车上班使他比以前瘦多了。
Riding a bike to work makes him __________ __________ than before.
14.吉米的光盘比安娜的少。
Jimmy has __________ CDs __________ Anna.
15．这个高高的男孩是我们班最好的学生之一。
This tall boy is __________ __________ __________ __________ students in our class. Ⅲ. 用所给词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
16. My brother, Bill, is a good salesman. He can do his job __________ (good).
17. Liu Mei always does her homework __________ (careful).
18. If you can't see the words __________ (clear), you need to wear a pair of glasses.
19. Y our English is not very good. Y ou should study it __________ (hard).
20. David is a cute boy, and he often sings __________ (happy) when he takes a bath.Ⅳ.单项选择。
( ) 21. ---- How clean the bedroom is!
---- Y es. I am sure someone __________it.
A. cleans
B. cleaning
C. has cleaned
D. was cleaned
( ) 22. ---- Hello! Can I speak to Mr White?
---- Sorry. He __________ to the park with his daughter.
A. will go
B. was going
C. has gone
D. has been
( ) 23. ---- Would you like to see the film with me tonight?
---- Thank you. But I __________it already.
A. sees
B. have seen
C. see
D. will see
( ) 24. ---- I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---- It doesn't matter. I __________ here for only a few minutes.
A. was
B. have been
C. will be
D. am
( ) 25. ---- What a beautiful watch! Is it new?
---- No, I have __________it for two years.
A. had
B. sold
C. borrowed
D. bought
Ⅴ．根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
26.我刚刚从图书馆借了一本有趣的书。
I __________ just __________ an interesting book from the library.
27.到目前为止这本书你读了几遍？
How many times __________ you __________ the book so far?
28.他自从去了美国以后还没有给我写过信。
He __________ __________ to me __________ he went to the USA.
29.汤姆已经离开他的家乡10年了。
Tom __________ __________ __________ from his hometown for ten years. 30. ---- 你曾去过长城吗？
---- 去过。我是2010年去的。
---- ___________ you ever ___________ to the Great Wall?
---- Y es, I__________ there in 2010.
Ⅵ.单项选择。
( ) 31. English __________ by many people all over the world now.
A. learn
B. learned
C. is learned
D. was learned
( ) 32. ---- When __________ this kind of car __________?
---- Three years ago.
A. did; produce
B. was; produced
C. is; produced
D. does; produce
( ) 33. When and where to spend the holiday __________ yet.
A. is decided
B. doesn't decide
C. has not been decided
D. has decided
( ) 34. A football match between class 2 and class 3 __________ tomorrow afternoon.
A. is held
B. was held
C. must hold
D. will be held
( ) 35. It's difficult for the children to cross river to go to school. I think a bridge __________ over the river.
A. was built
B. should be built
C. has been built
D. is being built
Ⅱ．根据汉语意思补全句子，每空一词。
36.这件衬衫在哪儿买的？
Where __________ this shirt __________？
37．他昨天因为迟到被惩罚了。
He __________ __________ for being late school yesterday.
38.这封商务信件是用英语写的。
This business letter __________ __________ in English.
39.必须经常给小树浇水。
Y oung trees must __________ __________ often.
40. 谁将会被选定为这次演出的主持人？
Who __________ __________ __________ to be the host this show?
Chapters1-7 综合能力测试
听力部分（20分）
I.听录音,在A、B、C选项中选出你听到的句子。每小题念两遍。（共5小题，每小题1分）( ) 1. A. Pansy knows little about Chinese history.
B. Pansy knows a little about Chinese history.
C. Pansy knows little about British history.
( ) 2. A. Everyone should pay for what they have bought.
B. Everyone should be responsible for what their children have done.
C. Everyone should be responsible for what they have done.
( ) 3. A. I think friends are more important than money.
B. I think friendship is more important than money.
C. I think friendship is less important than money.
( ) 4. A. Have you ever read any tales about the London Olympics?
B. Have you ever read any news about the London Olympics?
C. Have your ever read any news about the Beijing Olympics?
( ) 5. A. Old people should be talked to politely.
B. Old people should be spoken to slowly.
C. Old people should be spoken to politely.
II. 听录音，在A、B、C选项中选出与你所听到的句子的意思最接近的句子。每小题念两遍。（共5小题，每小题1分）
( ) 6. A. We can live without water.
B. We have to live in water.
C. We can’t live if there is no water.
( ) 7. A. We have never seen each other before.
B. We knew each other a long time ago.
C. We haven’t seen each other for a long time.
( ) 8. A. We will get to the park at 12 o’clock.
B. We will return to the park at 12 o’clock.
C. We will leave the park at 12 o’clock.
( ) 9. A. She is young but can drive a car.
B. She isn’t old enough to drive a car.
C. She liked driving a car when she was young.
( ) 10. A. The boy must finish his homework in two hours.
B. The boy finished his homework two hours ago.
C. The boy will finish his homework in two hours.
III.听句子，根据所听内容选择最佳应答语。每小题念一遍。（共5小题，每小题1分）( ) 11. A. Yes, I think so.
B. NO, I won’t.
C. Nice to meet you, too!
( ) 12. A. I went to the park.
B. She saw a movie.
C. It’s a pleasure.
( ) 13. A. NO, you are wrong.
B. Thank you.
C. NO at all.
( ) 14. A. About English.
B. Quite good.
C. Under the desk.
( ) 15. A. It is wrong.
B. It’s sunny.
C. I’m tired.
IV.听短文，根据所听内容选择最佳答案。短文念两遍。（共5小题，每小题1分）
( ) 16. When did the speaker get up?
A. At 6 am.
B. At 7 am.
C. At 8 am.
( ) 17. What was the weather like?
A. Windy.
B. Sunny.
C. Rainy.
( ) 18. Why did the speaker look after his little brother at home in the afternoon?
A. Because his mother had to go out.
B. Because he had mother else to do.
C. Because he wanted to do so.
( ) 19. What did the speaker do in the evening?
A. He went to the cinema.
B. He watched DVDs at home.
C. He played computer games in his room.
( ) 20. What did the speaker think of the day?
A. Exciting.
B. Pleasant.
C. Boring.
笔试部分（80分）
I．选择题。（每小题1分，共20分）
A．词语释义（每小题1分，共5分）
( ) 1. The long meeting concluded with Mr Zhang’s speech.
A. began
B. disagreed
C. ended
D. continued
( ) 2. With the help of Mr Ken, Tony no longer did something stupid.
A. silly
B. clever
C. boring
D. exciting
( ) 3. The famous player hardly ever had a good rest after he joined NBA.
A. always
B. often
C. seldom
D. sometimes
( ) 4. The computer can easily work out the problem in no time.
A. at last
B. very soon
C. very slowly
D. in the future
( ) 5. As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.
A. bring
B. drop
C. put
D. take
B. 选择填空（每小题1分，共15分）
从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
( ) 6. ---- Have you bought __________ insurance for your nice car, Mrs Wang?
---- Y es, and I've chosen __________ best company in Shenzhen.
A. an; a
B. an; the
C. /; a
D. the; a
( ) 7. ---- Why did you elect Sue __________ your tour guide in Hong Kong?
---- Because she had __________ experience.
A. for; a lot B to; a little
C. at; much
D. as; a lot of
( ) 8. ---- __________ good proof! That bad man won't deny his crime.
---- That's right. He must __________ in prison.
A. How; put
B. How; be put
C. What; put
D. What a; be put
( ) 9. ---- Have you written a letter back to Jack __________?
---- No, never. I really don't know how to __________ to his letter.
A. already; praise
B. already; control
C. yet; respond
D. yet; recognize
( ) 10. ---- __________ will we do with the dog? It seems that it wants to run away.
---- Dad suggested __________ it to the tree. We should take his advice.
A. How; to tie
B. What; to tie
C. How; tying
D. What; tying
( ) 11. ---- __________ of the dishes on the table were Sichuan by a Sichuan chef (厨师).
----- No wonder (难怪) they are __________ other dishes.
A. All; as hot as
B. Each; as hot as
C. All; hotter than
D. None; hotter than
( ) 12. ---- Why are bikes still __________ used in China?
---- Because they are cheap and it is __________to use them.
A. wide; difficult
B. wide; easily
C. widely; easy
D. widely; difficult
( ) 13. ---- Sally seems __________ now. What happened to her?
---- This morning she __________ in a dark room alone.
A. angry; locked
B. happy is locked
C. pleased; has locked
D. frightened; was locked
( ) 14. ---- Most of the rivers in Shenzhen are dirty. What can we do to __________?
---- __________ my opinion, the government should close some factories.
A. clean it up; At
B. clean it up; On
C. clean them up; In
D. clean them up; With
( ) 15. ---- A few friends took part in your party __________ me. Who were they?
---- Henry, Susan __________ Miller.
A. besides; instead of
B. including; as well as
C. without; instead of
D. except; as well as
( ) 16. ---- __________ have you been an English teacher in Shenzhen, Mr Smith?
---- It's not a long time. I've been here __________ last year.
A. How soon; for
B. How long; since
C. How often; until
D. How long; before
( ) 17. ---- Boss, all the fruit in our store __________ of today.
---- Great! This is __________ news I've ever heard this week.
A. is sold out; good
B. was sold out; the best
C. are sold out; better
D. were sold out; the better
( ) 18. ---- __________ young people suddenly die while working. Why?
---- Because they often work too hard and __________ their health.
A. More and more; take charge of
B. More and more; are unaware of
C. Fewer and fewer; are responsible for
D. Fewer and fewer; are dependent on
( ) 19. ---- Y ou __________ give a helpful hand when someone is in trouble.
---- __________ I'll certainly follow your suggestion.
A. should; Good idea.
B. could; That's bad
C. must; I disagree.
D. ought to; Good news.
( ) 20. ---- Long time no see. How have you been recently?
---- __________ I'm sure my future will be better and better.
A. I'm sorry to hear that.
B. My car was stolen.
C. Everything goes well.
D. I know little about myself.
Ⅱ.完形填空。（每小题1分,共10分)
When some people died, they would go to heaven (天堂). One day, God came and said, "I want to _____21_____ the men into two groups. The men who could control their wives will be in one group. And _____22_____ group is for the men controlled by their wives. Also, I want all the _____23_____ to go to another place.”
After a while, God _____24_____ and saw the women were all gone and there-were two groups of men. The line of the men that were controlled by their wives was about 100 miles _____25_____, and there was only one man in the other group.
God became _____26_____ and said, “Y ou men should be ashamed (羞愧的) of ____27______. It tried to create you and expected you to be strong men. But you behaved (表现) so _____28_____. Look at the only one of my sons in another group. He really made me proud. Learn if him! Tell them, my son, how did you _____29_____ to be the only one in this group?"
The man looked around and replied, "I don't know, God. My ____30_____ told me to stand here."
( ) 21. A. put B. send
C. divide
D. remove
( ) 22. A. others B. other
C. the other
D. any other
( ) 23. A. men B. women
C. children
D. people
( ) 24. A. left B. moved
C. stayed
D. returned
( ) 25. A. straight B. near
C. long
D. short
( ) 26. A. angry B. happy
C. tired
D. relaxed
( ) 27. A. myself B. yourself
C. themselves
D. yourselves
( ) 28. A. well B. badly
C. politely
D. slowly
( ) 29. A. have B. stop
C. forget
D. manage
() 30. A. son B. wife
C. friend
D. parent
Ⅲ.阅读理解。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。（每小题1分,共20分)
A
A football coach walked into the waiting room before a big match. He looked at Wilson, his Star Player, and said to him, "I'm not supposed to (不应该) let you play because you failed in the math test. However, we really need you in this match. So, I'll give you a chance and ask you a math question. And if you answer it, correctly, you will be allowed to play."
Of course, Wilson was pleased and agreed. Then the coach looked into his eyes seriously and asked, "Okay, now listen carefully and tell me the answer to this question: What is two plus two?" Wilson thought for a few minutes and then answered,”4?"
"Are you sure it is 4?" the coach got very excited because Wilson had given the right answer. Suddenly, all the other players on the team began shouting (喊叫), “Come on, coach, please give him another chance!"
( ) 31. The coach thought Wilson did badly in __________.
A. football
B. math
C. history
D. English
( ) 32. The coach decided to give Wilson a chance because __________.
A. he played football well
B. the match needed more players
C. the other players asked him for help
D. the coach liked him a lot
( ) 33. The underlined word "chance" means “__________” in Chinese.
A.机会
B.线索
C.建议
D.评论
( ) 34. __________ so the coach got very excited.
A Wilson got the right answer
B. The other players shouted to him
C. Wilson got the wrong answer
D. Wilson wouldn't join the match
( ) 35. According to the story, we know that all the other players __________.
A. liked talking with their coach
B. didn't want to play the football
C. didn't want Wilson to join in the match
D. wanted to give Wilson one more chance
B
Foods like nuts that are high in healthy fats help the
body control its temperature. People usually feel cold
when they don't have enough fats in their food. So
when you feel cold, try to eat some more foods like
nuts which are also good for health in other ways.
Like tea, a hot soup can warm you from the inside. But
it also can help you more. It even can help you lose
some weight. A recent study finds that soup before a
meal can reduce your calorie intake (卡路里摄入量)
by 20%.
Take more exercise and your body will become hot.
And you'll be happy to have a healthy weight Sweat
(汗水) with exercise will increase (增强) a blood
circulation (血液循环) to warm yourself up.
A warm bath helps you warm up and sleep better. A
study reports that taking a warm bath a few hours
before bedtime can increase your body temperature.
Then you'll feel more relaxed and fall asleep more
easily.
( ) 36. Foods like nuts usually contain lots of healthy _________ in them.
A water B. salt
C. vitamins
D. fats
( ) 37. If you want to get thinner, you can often _________.
A eat nuts B. drink hot soup
C. take a bath
D. sleep a lot
( ) 38. Doing more sports can help you _________.
A. control your temperature
B. warm up and stay healthy
C. fall asleep more easily
D. reduce your calorie intake
( ) 39. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Too a few fats in the body may cause people to feel cold.
B. If you want to feel warm, drinking hot soup is a good idea.
C. Any kind of bath can help you feel relaxed and sleep better.
D. Take a warm bath if you want to warm yourself up and sleep better.
( ) 40. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. When to stay healthy.
B. How to become thin.
C. What we should eat.
D. How to keep warm.
C
A billionaire (亿万富翁) called Elon Musk has reported his great plan: take 80,000 brave people to Mars and living there.
He said the plan would start small and the first 10 people would be taken there in a specially-made rocket (特制的火箭).
Musk was the first businessman (商人) to travel in space this spring. Last week, he won a prize in London. "At Mars, you'll start a new world," He talked about his great plan. “The ticket price is $500, 000 each. Some people from rich countries could raise enough money to make the trip."
Of course, these passengers would be sent to work rather than go there on vacation. They would have to carry some equipment to build strong houses for people. There would be some CO2 in the
houses which would be covered with a layer (层) of water to serve as protection from the sun. With the CO2, crops would be able to grow at Mars. Also, the equipment could produce O2 for people to breathe to live.
Musk believed one person out of every 100,000 people would be interested in the journey. By the time his plan became true, there would be 8 billion people on Earth.
( ) 41. How many people would be sent to Mars at the beginning of the plan?
A. 10.
B. 80,000.
C. 100,000.
D. 50,000.
( ) 42. Which of the following can help crops grow at Mars?
A. O2.
B. CO2.
C. Water.
D. The sun.
( ) 43. The underlined word "equipment" means “_________” in Chinese.
A. 衣物
B. 设备
C. 包裹
D. 技术
( ) 44. How might Musk feel about his plan to Mars?
A. Bored.
B. Disappointed.
C. Worried.
D. Pleased.
( ) 45. According to the passage, we know _________.
A. Musk would fly to Mars by rocket alone.
B. Some rich people may be interested in the journey.
C. O2, CO2 and water can be easily found at Mars by passengers.
D. The plan to Mars was denied by both of the poor and the rich.
D
The nurse took a young but tired soldier to a bed. "Y our son is here," she said to Mr Black. She had to repeat the words several times before the old man's eyes opened.
Not clearly, Mr Black saw the young soldier standing beside his oxygen cylinder (氧气瓶). He reached out his thin and weak hand. The solider held it, and then the nurse brought a chair so that he could sit beside the bed.
All through the night the young soldier sat there holding the old man's hand with saying nothing. Of course, the nurse suggested having a rest and he refused (拒绝). The next morning, the old man died. The soldier let the lifeless hand go and went to the nurse.
“Who was that man?” he asked. The nurse was surprised, "He was your father," she answered. "No, he wasn't," he said. "I never saw him in my life." "Then why didn't you explain?" asked the nurse. "When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether I was his son or not, I only knew he needed me, I stayed," he answered quietly.
( ) 46. How many people were mentioned in this story?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
( ) 47. The nurse took the tired soldier to Mr Black's bed because _________.
A. the soldier was Mr Black's son
B. the soldier could cure (治愈) Mr Black
C. she knew the young soldier
D. she thought the soldier was his son
( ) 48. When the soldier realized the nurse's mistake, he _________.
A. became really angry
B. decided to help Mr Black
C. told Mr Black the truth
D. tried to say bad words to her
( ) 49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Mr Black passed away peacefully.
B. Mr Black knew the young soldier was not his son.
C. The soldier sleeping with his father all through the night.
D. The soldier cheated the old man by saying that he was his son.
( ) 50. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The nurse was not responsible for Mr Black
B The young soldier should stay with his parents.
C. When someone needs you, you should help him.
D. All the soldiers should be as tired as the young man.
Ⅳ．情景对话。（每小题1分，共10分）
A．根据对话内容，从方框中的六个选项中选出五个合适的选项补全对话。
A. free
B. cry
C. smile
D. sound
E. attracted
F. extremely A: Tony, you look very excited. What's up?
B: I bought a (n) (51) _________ cheap MP5 player at Hua Qiang Bei just now.
A: Do you mean that you were (52) _________ by its low price?
B: Yeah. And I can save some money to buy my favorite chocolate.
A: Good. However, I'm afraid you will probably (53) _________ in some days.
B: Why?
A: There is no (54) _________ lunch. Such a cheap product usually doesn't work long. B: Y our words (55) _________ reasonable (合理的). I won't do that next time.
B．从方框中的七个选项中选出五个合适的句子补全对话。
A. I agree with you.
B. I feel very different from you.
C. But I will not be allowed to go!
D. Why not go and ask our teacher for help?
E. Most parents usually give their kids more freedom.
F. They let me do something important like studying.
G. I’ve got too much pressure (压力) from them since I was in Grade 9.
A Nancy, have you asked your parents about the school trip?
B: Yes, I asked them last night. (56) _________
A: So bad! But what's the problem?
B: (57) _________
A: Why? My parents have once told me like this.
B: Y our parents? I thought they understood you very much.
A: (58) _________
B: So have I. But we really can improve our selves in many other ways.
A: (59) _________ This trip will help open up our eyes.
B: That's right. (60) _________
A: That's' a good idea. Let's go at once!
V．词汇。用所给单词的正确形式填空。（每小题1分，共10分）
61. The experts think that the red vase on show is _________ (value) of all.
62. Because of bad weather, they had to consider _________ (mold) the match next time.
63. The boy felt very ashamed and _________ (admit) stealing Lisa's wallet.
64. To our surprise, quite a few young people prefer to work in small _________ (company).
65. At last, the police succeeded in _________ (size) that thief.
66. In fact, that _________ (gold) watch is less expensive than we can realize.
67. That player deserved _________ (enter) the final. He was doing very well all the time.
68. If you watch the picture _________ (close), you'll find it different from others.
69. A lot of food and medicine _________ (require) by those patients.
70. Y ou can't see Sue recently. She _________ (hide) herself somewhere already.
Ⅵ．书面表达。（10分）
寒假来临，怎样才能过一个快乐又有意义的假期呢？我们班打算就这个话题举行一次讨论会。假设你叫Sam，被大家推荐在这次讨论会上发言。请根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。
提示：1．好好休息，合理安排时间完成假期作业；
2．坚持锻炼，尽量参加有教育意义的活动；
3．理解父母，帮助他们并尝试做些家务活。
要求：1．内容必须包括以上提示，可适当发挥；
2．表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；
3. 80字左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：educational有教育意义的；activities 活动
The winter holiday is coming. What will we do to spend a happy and meaningful holiday? The students in our class will hold a meeting to talk it over. I'm fortunate to be the first one to give a talk first. Here is what I want to say.
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
阅读专项训练（八）
阅读训练营
Reading comprehension
A
Dear John,
Thanks for the invitation to your party on Saturday, November 29th. I'd like to come but I can't. That weekend my grandmother is going to celebrate her birthday. It's her 80th birthday. This will be a big family party and I have to go to the party. I'm so sorry. I haven't seen you for ten years and I'm interested in finding out what has happened since our last meeting.
I can tell you some news about myself. I change my job and I move to New Y ork. I work as a reporter (记者) now. The important news is that I have a new girlfriend. I get along well with her
and plan to marry (结婚) her.
It would be nice if we can meet soon. Y ou know there is a lot of news. Therefore, I would like to invite you to spend a weekend in early December. Is it possible for you? Please write to me if you and your wife can come. I hope I'll see you then.
Y ours,
Jack 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1. Jack can't come to John's party because _________.
A. he is a reporter now
B. he doesn't want to go at all
C. he doesn't feel well
D. his grandma will have a birthday party
( ) 2. How long has Jack not seen John?
A. For l year.
B. For 10 years.
C. For 5 years.
D. For 2 years.
( ) 3.What's the important news Jack wants John to know about him?
A. He has a new girlfriend.
B. He moves to a new house.
C. He becomes a reporter now.
D. He gets married. .
( ) 4. When would Jack like to meet John?
A. On Saturday, November 29th.
B. On October 7th.
C. On a weekend in early December.
D. On a weekday in early December.
( ) 5. Who else will come to the reunion (重聚)?
A. John's father.
B. John's wife.
C. Jack's wife.
D. Jack's mother.
B
Have you heard of dodos (渡渡鸟)? The dodo was a large bird. Y ou might
not think it was a bird, for the dodo could not fly. It was a member of the
chicken family. It lived happily and safely until humans arrived in 1505.
European sailors (水手) discovered the bird in 1507 on Mauritius Island in
the Indian Ocean.
When the sailors found the strange bird could not fly, they were surprised. The Europeans on Mauritius Island and the pigs they brought with
them found the birds very good to eat. So large numbers of dodos were
killed and by 1681 no living dodos were found on the island. A few dodos were brought to England in the 17th century; humans didn't know how to protect the birds. They caused (引起) the dodos' extinction. This is how the phrase "as dead as a dodo" comes. Since they
died out completely, dodos became very well-known. At the same time, it also gave humans a big lesson.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 6. European sailors discovered dodos in _________.
A. 1505
B. 1507
C. 1681
D. 1700
( ) 7. The underlined "word "extinction" means “_________” in Chinese.
A.增加
B.灭绝
C.保护
D.供应
( ) 8. Which of' the following about the dodo is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It was born on Mauritius Island and could fly well.
B. It lived a hard life until humans arrived in 1505.
C. Its population became small only because pigs ate them.
D. It was possible for humans to find a dodo on Mauritius Island before 1681.
( ) 9. What's the correct order about dodos?
a. European sailors were surprised when they found dodos couldn't fly.
b. European sailors discovered dodos on Mauritius Island.
c. The Europeans and the pigs found dodos very good to eat.
d. Large numbers of dodos were killed on the island.
A. a-b-c-d.
B. d-c-b-a.
C. b-a-c-d.
D. b-d-a-c.
( ) 10. The writer writes the passage mainly to tell us that _________.
A. the dodo could not fly
B. the dodo was a chicken
C. no living dodos were found
D. it's important to protect animals
C
Do you know about hitching (搭便车) in Britain? Britain is one of
the best countries for hitching, but do you know how to stop a car
for itching?
First, in Britain you should hold out your hand. Usually you
put your thumb upwards (拇指向上) if you want to hitch. Y ou
may also show a piece of white card to the driver. On the card, you
can write the place which you want to go to. Y ou should make
sure the letters are quite big so that drivers can see them easily.
Second, if you want to hitch, knowing where to stand is very important. Standing at the right place can keep you safe as well as make it easy for you to hitch. If there are traffic lights, you should stand a few meters away from them so that the driver can warn the other drivers that he is going to stop. If there is a crossing (十字路口), you should stand at least ten meters away from it. Of course, if you stand at the lay-by (路侧停车带), the car can stop easily.
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
( ) 11. The underlined phrase “hold out” means“_________” in Chinese.
A. 伸出
B. 隐藏
C. 放下
D. 支持
( ) 12. The letters on a card should be quite _________ if you want to show the card to the driver.
A. easy
B. beautiful
C. small
D. big
( ) 13. If you want to hitch, you should _________.
A. pay a lot of money for the driver
B. telephone any driver to pick you up
C. know where to stand and how to stop a car
D. do nothing but only wait the driver to call you
( ) 14. According to the passage, the car can stop easily _________.
A. under a traffic light
B. at the corner of the street
C. at the crossing
D. at the lay-by
( ) 15. What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to hitch in Britain.
B. Where to stand when hitching.
C. How to help others in the street.
D. Britain is a good place for hitching.
完形小测
Cloze test
A
San Giorgio Jonico is a town in Italy, but what makes San Giorgio Jonico ____1_____ is that it has a one-room. Chinese school. There are 28 Chinese kids in the school. Their _____2____ are from 6 to 12.
Shen Peng is 34 years old and came to ____3_____ 10 years ago. He is the head teacher of the Chinese school. "Children who are born and live here all their life may ____4_____ their mother tongue. We don't want this to _____5____, so I want to do something," said Shen Peng. He is a singer. In the morning he studies music, and he turns into a ____6_____ for the Chinese kids in the afternoon, including ____7_____ own daughter and son.
What Shen Peng has done for the Chinese children is really important. In the morning the Chinese kids ____8_____ Italian public school and in the afternoon they learn the Chinese courses. 12-year-old Anna Wong was born in San Giorgio Jonico. She is one of the 28 kids. Her Chinese was ____9_____ before. Her parents were afraid that she might forget Chinese one day. So they ____10_____ her to this school. And now, she knows a lot about Chinese language, traditions and culture.
( ) 1. A. different B. same
C. beautiful
D. big
( ) 2. A. sizes B. ages
C. weight
D. height
( ) 3. A. France B. America
C. Italy
D. Australia
( ) 4. A. forget B. use
C. find
D. have
( ) 5. A. come B. leave
C. wait
D. happen
( ) 6. A. singer B. player
C. officer
D. teacher
( ) 7. A. her B. his
C. its
D. my
( ) 8. A. take B. do
C. point
D. attend
( ) 9. A. good B. well
C. rich
D. poor
( ) 10. A. sent B. reached
C. visited
D. supported
B
When we deal with sadness (悲伤), it is important to know that it comes in all different forms.
Jodi Caroland's daughter cried so much at night ____11____ she was 3. Caroland rushed to her ____12_____ bedside after hearing crying and found her ____13_____ crying over her goldfish, who was floating (漂浮) at the ____14_____ of her fish tank.
"She was ____15_____ so hard that she totally ____16_____ not catch her breath," Caroland said. "She kept saying, 'Why do things _____17____ Mommy? Why do they
Caroland's daughter didn't ____18_____ why her fish died.
"When we deal with sadness, it is important to know that it comes in all different forms, and so is your kid's sadness," Caroland said.
Commonly, kids are _____19____ that it is "just" a dog, cat or fish. In fact, when facing the loss of a pet, your kid feels sad as if he lost a family member. And it takes a ____20_____ time for your kid to get over the sadness.
( ) 11. A. which B. what
C. why
D. when
( ) 12. A. son's B. daughter's
C. sister's
D. brother's
( ) 13. A. sadly B. loudly
C. happily
D. easily
( ) 14. A. bottom B. middle
C. top
D. foot
( ) 15. A. crying B. laughing
C. sleeping
D. running
( ) 16. A. might B. would
C. could
D. must
( ) 17. A. live B. swim
C. die
D. walk
( ) 18. A. ask B. make
C. say
D. understand
( ) 19. A. blamed B. told
C. attracted
D. punished
( ) 20. A. long B. short
C. happy
D. quiet
阅读专项训练（九）
阅读训练营
Reading comprehension
A
My dog, Houstie, died of heart failure (心脏衰竭) on September 20. He was twelve and a half years old then.
I adopted (收养) Houstie when he was six months old. When I adopted him I was single with no children and I hated the world. Sometimes, he was like a person. After each meal he would go to lie beside the couch. At night, he would sleep next to me in bed with his head on the pillow. He loved to go anywhere I went. He hated the rain. Over the years he was my baby and later the protector of my three daughters.
On that bad day, he took my happiness away. I was not sure how that happened. However, I could just feel that he left me when I hugged him. I know I still miss him so much. I feel like that no one understands the great loss that I feel. Thank goodness for the dog that we have now. She fills some of the void (空缺), but she is just not my Houstie.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1. The writer's dog Houstie _________.
A. died of cold
B. died of illness
C. died in a car accident
D. died of old age
( ) 2. How old was Houstie when the writer adopted him?
A. 12 months old.
B. 20 months old.
C. a half year old.
D. 12 years old.
( ) 3. How many children does the writer have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
( ) 4. A new _________ makes writer feel better after Houstie's death.
A. cat
B. dog
C. fish
D. rabbit
( ) 5.We can learn that the writer _________ from the passage.
A. had forgotten Houstie
B. missed Houstie very much
C. don't have a pet now
D. no longer adopted dogs
B
It was the best plan ever. First we would make sure she was out of the house. Then we would get all
the necessary work done. By the time she got back, it would be wonderful. Therefore, we got to work. We came up with a clever trick. We told her that we needed some school things, so the concerned mother went out to get them.
The first part of the plan was done. Next, we got together the guests and made sure there were no signs that they were there. All shoes were hidden. Then, the whole house was given a makeover (改头换面). There were balloons and streamers (横幅) in the house. After that the house looked nice. Then, we waited.
When we heard her car stopping in front of the house, we held our breath. When the door opened, we shouted, "Surprise!" The look on her face was worth a million dollars. Laughing and crying at the same time, she hugged all who were there. Finally she said, "My best gift of all is my two lovely daughters." And she hugged us tightly.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 6. The underlined word "concern ed" means “_________” in Chinese.
A.贪婪的
B.敬爱的
C.担心的
D.罗嗦的
( ) 7. The first step of the plan was _________.
A. making a big cake
B. hiding all the shoes
C. getting her out of the house
D. making all the things ready
( ) 8. All shoes were put away so that _________.
A. there was no surprise
B. the house would be tidy
C. the guests wouldn't find their shoes
D. the coming of the guests was not known
( ) 9. According to the writer, what was worth a million dollars?
A. Her mother's ring.
B. The look on her mother's face.
C. Her mother's diamond.
D. Her mother's necklace.
( ) 10. From the passage, we know the mother must be proud of her _________ 。
A. two daughters
B. new house
C. friends
D. new car
C
Greyhounds (灵缇) are beautiful, fast dogs. Many people race these dogs. Greyhounds race for only a few years. After that, homes must be found for them. Special groups work to find homes for greyhounds who can't race any more.
A group that helps animals find homes is called an adoption group. There are adoption groups for all kinds of dogs and cats. There are even adoption groups for horses and other animals.
The people who help in these groups love greyhounds. They want every dog to find a good home. They work to make sure the dogs will be loved. Most greyhounds grow up on a racetrack (跑道). Many of them are not used to living in a house with a family. Some groups teach the greyhounds to
get ready for their new lives.
Most adoption groups ask people to fill out forms (表格). The people write down what they are looking for as a pet. The groups read the forms and try to find the perfect dog for each family.
The adoption groups tell the families about their new greyhounds. The dogs might be scared at first. They will need time to get used to their new homes. After that, the greyhounds will become great family pets.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 11. Some groups work to find homes for the greyhounds _________.
A. who can race
B. who are too young
C. who can not race
D. who are lost
( ) 12. What does an adoption group usually do?
A. They cure ill animals.
B. They find homes for animals.
C. They kill animals for food.
D. They provide food for animals.
( ) 13. Because many greyhounds are not used to living with a family, some groups will _________.
A. teach team
B. beat them
C. feed them
D. throw them away
( ) 14. If you want to get a greyhound as a pet, you might be asked to _______ first.
A. pay
B. read forms
C. fill out forms
D. have a lesson
( ) 15. This passage mainly talks about________.
A. what greyhounds are
B. how to feed a family pet
C. why greyhounds get scared
D. how greyhounds find new homes
完形小测
Cloze test
A
Dear Brain,
Even though you've been away for only one month, so many things had happened since you left. First, I want to tell you about____1____. My team lost all the games. We came in last place! I hope you will help me ____2____when you come to visit.
Now I'll tell you the latest (最近的) pet news. Last weekend I ____3____ a lost cat. My friend Alicia and I were walking home from the____4____. We were talking about the movie when I saw a cat on the road. I brought it home. Mom and Dad said that I could ____5____it, so I decided to name it after my favorite teacher at school. The other pet news is that I bought two fish. Their names are Bubbles and Quimby.
There is the____6____thing that I want to tell you. On September 10, a new family ____7____into a house down the street. They are the Hareys. They have a ____8____named Dinah Harvey. She is my age.
Well, that's all the news for now. Please ____9____ to me soon. If you do, I won't
高中数学知识汇总1.集合与常用逻辑用语 集合与常用逻辑用语集 合 概念 一组对象的全体. , x A x A ∈?。 元素特点：互异性、无序性、 确定性。 关系 子集x A x B A B ∈?∈??。A ??； , A B B C A C ???? n个元素集合子 集数2n。 真子集00 ,, x A x B x B x A A B ∈?∈?∈??? 相等 , A B B A A B ???= 运算 交集{} |, x x B x B A A ∈∈ =且()()() U U U C A B C A C B = ()()() U U U C A B C A C B = () U U C C A A = 并集{} |, x x B x B A A ∈∈ =或 补集{} | U x x U C A x A ∈ =? 且 常 用 逻 辑 用 语 命题 概念能够判断真假的语句。 四种 命题 原命题：若p，则q原命题与逆命题，否命题 与逆否命题互逆；原命题 与否命题、逆命题与逆否 命题互否；原命题与逆否 命题、否命题与逆命题互 为逆否。互为逆否的命题 等价。 逆命题：若q，则p 否命题：若p?，则 q ? 逆否命题：若q?， 则p? 充要 条件 充分条 件 p q ?，p是q的充分 条件 若命题p对应集合A，命题 q对应集合B，则p q ?等价 于A B ?，p q ?等价于A B =。 必要条 件 p q ?，q是p的必要 条件 充要条 件 p q ?，,p q互为充要 条件 逻辑 连接 词 或命题p q ∨，,p q有一为真即为真，,p q均为 假时才为假。 类比集合 的并 且命题p q∧ ，,p q均为真时才为真，,p q有一 为假即为假。 类比集合 的交 非命题p? 和p为一真一假两个互为对立的 命题。 类比集合 的补
知识点3 电阻的串联与并联 ●电阻的串联 （1）串联电阻的总电阻的阻值比任何一个分电阻的阻值都大。（相当于增加导体的长度） （2）串联电阻的总电阻的阻值等于各分值R 串=R1+R2+……Rn 。 （3）n 个相同电阻串联时的总电阻为：R 串=nR ●电阻的并联 （1）并联电阻的总电阻的阻值比任何一个分电阻的阻值都小。（相当于增加导体的横截面积） （2）并联电阻的总电阻的阻值得倒数等于各分电阻的阻值之和，即： n R R R R 111121+?++=。 （3）n 个相同电阻串联时的总电阻为： n R R 0 = 。 （4）两个电阻R1和R2并联时的表达式为：R 总=R 1R 2
【实验原理】R=U I 。只要测出导体两端的电压和通过导体的电流，就可以测出 （通过计算得出）这个导体的电阻的大小，测量和计算时严格要求单位的统一性，即电阻的单位是Ω，电压的单位V ，电流的单位是A ，这种测量电阻的方法叫伏安法。 这种通过测量电压和电流来测量电阻的方法是一种间接测量法。 【实验器材】电源、开关、导线、小灯泡、电流表、电压表、滑动变阻器。 【实验电路】 【实验步骤】 ①按电路图连接实物。 ②检查无误后闭合开关，使小灯泡发光，记录电压表和电流表的示数，代入公式R=U I 算出小灯泡的电阻。 ③移动滑动变阻器滑片P 的位置，多测几组电压和电流值，根据R=U I ，计算出 每次的电阻值，并求出电阻的平均值。 ①接通电源前应将开关处于断开状态，将滑动变阻器的阻值调到最大； ②连好电路后要通过试触的方法选择电压表和电流表的量程； ③滑动变阻器的作用：改变电阻两端的电压和通过的电流；保护电路。
第17章 光的衍射答案 17-2. 衍射的本质是什么？衍射和干涉有什么联系和区别？ 答：光波的衍射现象是光波在传播过程中经过障碍物边缘或孔隙时发生的展衍现象，其实质是由被障碍物或孔隙的边缘限制的波振面上各点发出的子波相互叠加而产生。而干涉则是由同频率、同方向、相位差恒定的两束光波的叠加而成。 17-7. 光栅衍射和单缝衍射有何区别？为何光栅衍射的明条纹特别明亮而暗区很宽？ 答：光栅衍射是多光束干涉和单缝衍射的总效果。其明条纹主要取决于多光束干涉，光强与狭缝数成正比，所以明纹很亮；又因为相邻明条纹间有个暗条纹，而且一般较宽，所以实际上在两条明条纹之间形成一片黑暗背景。 17-8. 试指出当衍射光栅常数为下述三种情况时，哪些级次的衍射明条纹缺级？（1）a+b=2a; （2）a+b=3a; （3）a+b=4a. 答：当（1）a+b=2a 时，±2，±4，±6…2k…(k=±1,±2,…)级缺级; 当（2）a+b=3a 时，±3，±6，±9…3k…(k=±1,±2,…)级缺级; 当（3）a+b=4a 时，±4，±8，±12…4k…(k=±1,±2,…)级缺级。 17-9. 一单色平行光垂直照射一单缝，若其第三级明条纹位置正好与600nm 的单色平行光的第二级明条纹位置相重合，求前一种单色光的波长。 解：单缝衍射的公式为： 2)12(sin λ θ+=k a 当nm 600=λ时，k=2， ' λλ=时，k=3， 当其第三级明条纹位置正好与600nm 的单色平行光的第二级明条纹位置相重合时，θ相同，所以有： 2 )132(2600)122(sin ' λθ+?=+?=a 由上式可以解得 nm 6.428'=λ 17-10. 单缝宽0.10mm ，透镜焦距为50cm ，用5000=λ埃的绿光垂直照射单缝，求：（1）位于透镜焦平面处的屏幕上中央明条纹的宽度和半角宽度各为多少？ （2）若把此装置浸入水中（），中央明条纹的半角宽度又为多少？ 解：中央明纹的宽度为f na x λ 2=?，半角宽度为na λ θ1sin -= （1）在空气中，1=n ，所以有 3310100.55.01010.010500022---?=????==?f na x λ m 3310 1 1100.51010.0105000sin sin -----?=??==na λθrad
17 欧姆定律 17.1电流与电压和电阻的关系 一、探究电流与电压的关系 提出问题：电阻一定时，电流与电压存在怎样的关系？ 猜想与假设：因为电压是使自由电荷发声定向移动形成电流的原因， 电压越高，电流越大，所以电流与电压可能存在正比关系。 设计实验：探究电流与电压的关系，需要将定值电阻接入电路，并用 电流表测出电路中的电流，用电压表测出定值电阻两端的电压，通过串联 在电路中的滑动变阻器来调节定值电阻两端的电压。实验电路图如图所示。 进行试验： （1）将一个10Ω的定值电阻按图所示的实验电路图接入电路。 （2）调节滑动变阻器的滑片，使电压表示数分别为2.4V、1.8V、1.2V，分别读出电流表的示数并填入下表中。 R=10Ω 电压U/V 2.4 1.8 1.2 电流I/A 0.24 0.18 0.12 （3）在坐标系中画出I-U图像，如图所示 分析论证：从实验数据可以看出电流与电压有关，电流随电压的增大而 增大，电流与电压的比值为一定值，说明电流与电压成正比，将实验数据通 过图像的形式表示出来，通过分析图像可知电流的大小与电压成正比。 结论：在电阻一定的情况下，通过导体的电流与导体两端的电压成正比。 二、探究电流与电阻的关系 提出问题：电压一定时，电流与电阻存在怎样的关系？ 猜想与假设：因为电阻表示导体对电流阻碍作用的大小，电阻越大，电流会越小，所以电流与电阻可能存在反比关系。 设计实验：要研究电流与电阻的关系，必须改变接入电路的电阻值的大小（如5Ω、10Ω、20Ω。。。），只需要更换不同电阻接入电路即可。试验中要控制电阻两端的电压不变，所以需要在电路中串联滑动变阻器来调节，保证电阻两端的电压相等。实验电路图如图所示。 进行试验： （1）按图所示电路图连接实验电路。 （2）将阻值为5Ω的定值电阻连入电路中，调节滑动变阻器的滑片，
第一次月考七年级语文试题 一、基础知识积累和运用（39分） 1．下列各项加点字注音有误的一项是（） A.禀．告（bǐng ）姊．妹（zǐ）论．语（lún ）玷．污（diàn ） B.雏．形(chú) 嬉．戏( xī ) 堕．落(duò ) 泯．灭( mín ) C.报酬．( chóu ) 鬓．角(bìn ) 蹂躏．( lìn ) 风韵．( yùn ) D.懊．恼( ào ) 洗濯（ ．．zhuó) 诅咒．(zhòu ) 点缀．( zhuì ) 2．选出没有错别字的一组（） A.获益匪浅慧心未泯碌碌终生任重道远 B.绝处逢生回味无穷突如奇来心旷神怡 C.具体而微乌云敝日得失之患多姿多彩 D.问心无愧温故知新悬涯峭壁玲珑剔透 3．下列各句中，加点成语使用恰当的一项是（） A.你放心，你们的困难就是我们的困难，这件事我们一定鼎力相助 ．．．．。 B.你看他双眉紧锁、沉默不语，恐怕真是有难言之隐 ．．．．的苦衷。 C.任何个人的成绩和人民群众的伟大创造比起来都不过是沧海一粟 ．．．．。 D.一方有难八方支援，被洪水冲得囊空如洗 ．．．．的灾区又重建了家园。 4.下列句子没有语病且语意明确的的一项是（） A．小明今天没来上学，班长估计他肯定是生病了。 B．观众听完他美妙的歌声和优美的舞姿，都深深地折服了。 C．小李和小王赛跑，他比他跑得快。 D．赵本山夸张而诙谐的表演让观众们都忍俊不禁。 5.下列句子中成语使用错误的一项是（）（2分）
A、他为人民立下了不可磨灭的丰功伟绩。 B、春光明媚的时节，登上山顶眺望远方，让人有一种心旷神怡的感觉。 C、城市的夜晚到处是红灯绿酒，让工作了一天的人们有了休闲之处。 D、母亲只好绝处逢生，默默承受一切痛苦，不停去庙里烧香拜佛，希望改变命运。 6、下列句子没有语病的一句是( ) （2分） A、在阅读文学名著的过程中，使我明白了许多做人的道理，感悟了人生的真谛。 B、张明不仅知道这件事，而且全班同学都知道了。 C、在贝多芬的许多作品中，休止符往往是超越自己，越升到一个新层次的弹跳点。 D、政府执法部门的各种罚没款必须依法上缴，不能截留自用，其经费来源只能来自国家财政拨款。 7．下列对第二单元有关内容的解说不正确的一项是（）（2分）A．《我的老师》作者是魏巍，代表作是《谁是最可爱的人》，短篇小说《东方》 B．《再塑生命的人》作者是海伦.凯勒，美国女作家、教育家。 C．词语往往附带有或褒或贬的感情色彩。 D．《我的早年生活》作者是担任过两届英国首相的丘吉尔。 8．古今诗文默写（每空1分，共14分） （1）、阐述学习与思考关系的句子
合同其他单方民事行为限制民事行为能力人“依法 不能独立实施”的民事行为 效力待定/有效合同无效 胁迫、欺诈（1）损害国家利益：无 效 （2）不损害国家利益： 可撤销 无效 乘人之危可撤销无效 恶意串通无效 违反法律或者社会公共利益无效 以合法形式掩盖非法目的无效 重大误解可撤销 显失公平可撤销 具体情形 登记生效（1）房屋买卖 （2）建设用地使用权的取得与转让（3）不动产的抵押 物权变动不以登记为生效要件，但事后处分时仍要登记（1）因合法建造、拆除房屋等事实行为设立或者消灭物权的，自事实行为成就时发生效力 （2）因继承或者受遗赠取得物权的，自继承或者受遗赠开始时发生效力 （3）因人民法院、仲裁委员会的法律文书、人民政府的征收决定，导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的，自法律文书生效或者人民政府的征收决定生效时发生效力 登记对抗（1）土地承包经营权（2）地役权
普通合伙人有限合伙人合伙人死亡√√ 全部财产份额被人民法院 强制执行 √√丧失偿债能力√× 丧失民事行为能力经其他合伙人一致同意，可以 依法转为有限合伙人，普通合 伙企业依法转为有限合伙企 业；否则退伙 ×普通合伙人有限合伙人 能否以劳务出 资 √× 国有独资公司、 国有企业、上市 公司以及公益 性的事业单位、 社会团体 ×√ 事务执行√× 交易约定一致同意×约定√竞争× 约定√出质必须经其他合伙人一致同意 约定√ 对外转让财产份额约定一致同意 提前30日通知 丧失偿债能力 时是否当然退 伙 √× 丧失民事行为能力时是否当然退伙经其他合伙人一致同意，可以依法转为有限合 伙人；其他合伙人未能一致同意的，只能退伙 × 继承（1）继承人具备完全民事行为能力的，按照 合伙协议的约定或者经全体合伙人一致同意， 从继承开始之日起，取得普通合伙人资格 （2）继承人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民 事行为能力人的，经全体合伙人一致同意，可 以依法成为有限合伙人，普通合伙企业依法转 无论其继承人是否具 备完全民事行为能 力，都可以依法取得 有限合伙人的资格
第十七章欧姆定律单元检测 (时间：60分钟满分：100分) 一、选择题(每题4分，共40分) 1．有两个电阻，阻值分别为30Ω和10Ω，把它们串联起来，其总电阻是() A．40Ω C．20Ω B．30Ω D．7.5Ω 2．一种声光报警器的电路图如图所示。闭合开关S 1 和S 2 后，会出现的现象是() A．灯亮，铃不响 C．灯亮，铃响 B．灯不亮，铃不响 D．灯不亮，铃响 3．如图所示的电路中，R 1 ＝10Ω，R2＝20Ω。闭合开关S后，电压表V1与V2示数之比为() A．3∶1 C．2∶1 B．3∶2 D．1∶1 4．在如图所示的电路中，电源电压不变。当开关S闭合时，电流表的示数为0.8A，当 开关S断开后，电流表的示数改变了0.5A，则R 1 与R 2 的阻值之比为() A．13∶5 C．5∶3 B．3∶5 D．5∶13 5．根据欧姆定律I＝U/R，下列说法正确的是() A．通过导体的电流越大，导体的电阻就越小 B．导体两端的电压越高，导体的电阻就越大 C．导体中的电流，跟导体两端的电压成正比，跟电阻成反比 D．导体的电阻与电压成正比，与电流成反比 6．张华同学在“探究通过导体的电流与其两端电压的关系”时，将记录的实验数据通 过整理作出了如图所示的图象，根据图象，下列说法错误的是()
A．当在导体乙的两端加上1V的电压时，通过导体乙的电流为0.1A B．将甲、乙两导体并联后接到电压为3V的电源上时，干路中的电流为0.9A C．通过导体甲的电流与其两端的电压成正比 D．导体甲的电阻大于导体乙的电阻 7．如图所示的电路中，电源电压为3V，当开关S 1、S 2 都闭合时，则() A．电压表被烧坏B．电流表将被烧坏 C．灯L 1亮，灯L 2 不亮 D．两只灯泡都将被烧坏 8.如图所示，电源电压不变，闭合开关S后，滑动变阻器滑片自a向b移动的过程中() A．电压表V 1示数变大，V 2 示数变大，电流表A的示数变大 B．电压表V 1示数不变，V 2 示数变大，电流表A的示数变小 C．电压表V 1示数不变，V 2 示数变小，电流表A的示数变大 D．电压表V 1示数变小，V 2 示数变大，电流表A的示数变小 9．在图所示的电路中，开关S闭合时，电压表V和V 1 的示数如图甲、乙所示，则该电路中的电流为()
大学物理答案第17章
17－3 有一单缝，缝宽为0.1mm ，在缝后放一焦距为50cm 的汇聚透镜，用波长为546.1nm 的平行光垂直照射单缝，试求位于透镜焦平面处屏上中央明纹的宽度。 解：单缝衍射中央明条纹的宽度为 a f x λ 2=? 代入数据得 mm x 461.510 1.0101.54610 5023 9 2 =????=?--- 17－4 用波长为632.8nm 的激光垂直照射单缝时，其夫琅禾费衍射图样第一极小与单缝法线的夹角为50，试求该缝宽。 解：单缝衍射极小的条件 λθk a =sin 依题意有 m a μλ 26.70872 .0108.6325sin 9 =?==- 17－5 波长为20m 的海面波垂直进入宽50m 的港口。在港内海面上衍射波的中央波束的角宽是多少？ 解：单缝衍射极小条件为 λθk a =sin
依题意有 011 5.234.0sin 5 2 sin 20sin 50===→=--θθ 中央波束的角宽为0 475 .2322=?=θ 17－6 一单色平行光垂直入射一单缝，其衍射第3级明纹位置恰与波长为600nm 的单色光垂直入射该缝时衍射的第2级明纹位置重合，试求该单色光的波长。 解：单缝衍射明纹条件为 2 ) 12(sin λ θ+=k a 依题意有 2)122(2)132(2 1λλ+?=+? 代入数据得 nm 6.4287 60057521=?== λλ 17－7 用肉眼观察星体时，星光通过瞳孔的衍射在视网膜上形成一个亮斑。 （1）瞳孔最大直径为7.0mm ，入射光波长为550nm 。星体在视网膜上像的角宽度多大？ （2）瞳孔到视网膜的距离为23mm 。视网膜上星体的像的直径多大？ （3）视网膜中央小凹（直径0.25mm ）中的柱状感光细胞每平方毫米约1.5×105个。星体的像照亮了几个这样的细胞？
人教版七年级月考语文试题 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、选择题 1 . 下列各句没有语病的一句是（） A．谁也不能否认家长的这种做法不能说是对孩子的关爱，但结果也许适得其反。 B．一个好的比喻，或为形似，或为神似，或为形神兼似，总是离不开相似这一根本特点。 C．许多父母对孩子过于溺爱，饭来张口，衣来身手，这对孩子的成长是十分有害的。 D．电门一关，就可以阻止电流不再进来。 2 . 下列文学常识表述有误的一项是：（）（2分） A．《战国策》：是西汉末年刘向创作的，共三十三篇，分东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山十二策。 B．《孔乙己》是我国现代文学巨匠鲁迅先生的著名小说，也是20世纪中国文学史上的经典短篇小说之一。 C．《海燕》是高尔基在1901年3月写的“幻想曲”《春天的旋律》的结尾部分，原题为“海燕之歌”。 D．郦道元，字善长，北魏地理学家、散文家。撰成《水经注》40 卷，是富有文学价值的地理志。 3 . 下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（） A．感概遮蔽花枝招展怦怦直跳 B．徘徊和蔼人生鼎沸翻来覆去 C．诀别暴怒花团锦簇人绩罕至 D．诱惑粗犷酣畅淋漓喜出望外 4 . 下列各句中，加点词语使用正确的一项是（） A．安全事故发生后，市委主要领导奔赴事故现场，下车伊始便组织开展现场救援。 B．如能推广使用电子书，学生便能摆脱卷帙浩繁的纸质教材、参考书，书包的重量便会减轻不少。 C．瑶瑶在阅览室里意外发现一本渴望已久的《撒哈拉的故事》，真是妙手偶得啊!。 D．只看他拿起笔画了几下，一匹马活灵活现跃然纸上，画技已臻炉火纯青之境。 5 . 下列词语中，加点字的读音和字形全都正确的一组是（）（2分）
第十七章欧姆定律单元备课 一、课标对本单元的要求 通过实验，探究电流与电压、电阻的关系。理解欧姆定律。 二、说本单元教材 本章是在学习电流强度、电压、电阻的基础上，通过探究电流、电压、电阻三者之间的关系，得出欧姆定律，最后介绍了欧姆定律的应用，测量一个导体的电阻的方法及欧姆定律在串、并联电路中的应用。 本章是初中物理的重点内容之一，欧姆定律是电学中的基本定律，它是进一步学习电学知识和分析电路的基础，所以是本章的重点知识。本章教材安排了两个探究活动，探究电流与电压、电阻之间的关系，探究怎样测量一个导体的电阻。探究活动的宗旨是培养学生利用物理现象和实验来处理信息的能力，体验科学探究的乐趣，领悟科学探究的思想和精神。引发学生提出问题的兴趣和善于发问质疑的良好习惯，学会拟订简单的科学探究计划和实验方案。为学生的终身学习打下良好的基础。两次探究活动中，探究电流、电压、电阻三者的关系是本章的重点，是《标准》中明确要求的，另外的探究活动《标准》中没做任何要求，它是以知识为载体，重过程，轻结果的探究。 本章建议增加一个课外探究：画出在测量小灯泡工作时的电阻随电压变化的图线，并进行讨论。 本章共有四个自然节，内容分别为： 第一节：“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”首先探究了电流、电压、电阻三者之间的关系。 第二节：应用创造学的组合原理引入欧姆定律，并进行了简单应用及探究电阻的串、并联关系。 第三节：“电阻的测量”是欧姆定律的一种应用。可采用探究式的教学模式组织教学。 第四节：“欧姆定律在串、并联电路中的应用”为选学内容，主要是如何运用欧姆定律解决串联、并联电路中的问题。 三、教学建议 第一节探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系 欧姆定律的实验是探索性实验，其设计是本节的难点。因为初中物理不从理论上解释欧姆定律，所以欧姆定律的建立完全领依赖实验的结果。同时，欧姆定律的实验研究在本章中是作为物理学常用研究方法的典型范例出现的。是电学中的基本定律，也是进一步学习电学知识和分析、解决电路问题的基础，因此是初中电学的重点知识。通过本节教学，应使学生理解欧姆定律。电流跟电压、电阻的关系，是分析和研究各种电路的关键。着重介绍了研究三个物理量之间变化关系的方法。先引导学生得出电流与电压和电阻有关，再通过实验来研究。 本节从开头引入课题后，就提出物理学中常用的研究方法。教学时应重视研究方法的指导。一是教师是要引导学生懂得欧姆定律的研究是在如下科学方法的指导下进行的。在三个或三个以上的物理量中，先要确定研究对象的物理量（如I），然后逐一研究这个物理量和另一物理量的关系。研究时，要假定除这两个物理量外的其他物理量不变，然后将这些单一的关系综合起来。应该在常用方法的传授过程中，先将研究的思路和方案确定，然后再进行电路图的设计、
第十七章 勾股定理单元测试 （题数： 20 道 测试时间： 45 分钟 总分： 100 分） 班级： _______ 姓名： ________ 得分： ________ 、单选题（每小题 3分，共 24 分） 1．在△ ABC 中， AB= 2 ，BC= 5，AC= 3，则（ ） A. ∠ A=90 B. ∠ B=90 C. ∠ C=90 D. ∠ A=∠B 5．如图，所有的四边形是正方形，所有的三角形都是直角三角形，其中最大的正方形边长为 13cm ，则图中所有的正方形的面积之和为（ ） A. 169 cm 2 B. 196 cm 2 C. 338cm 2 D. 507 cm 2 6．如图，一只蚂蚁从棱长为 1 的正方体纸箱的 A 点沿纸箱表面爬到 B 点，那么它所爬行的 最短路线的长是（ ） A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 2 7 ．在直角三角形中，有两边分别为 3 和 4 ，则第三边是（ ） A. 1 B. 5 C. 7 D. 5 或 7 8．如图，正方形 ABCD 的边长为 2，其面积标记为 S 1，以 CD 为斜边作等腰直角三角形，以 该等腰直角三角形的一条直角边为边向外作正方形，其面积标记为 S 2， ? ，按照此规律继续 下去，则 S 9 的值为（ ） 2．如图，在 Rt △ABC 中，∠ B ＝ 90°， BC ＝15， AC ＝17，以 AB 为直径作半圆，则此半圆的 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 4．已知 VABC 中， A 1 B 1 C ，则它的三条边之比为（ 23 A. 1:1: 2 C. 1: 2: 3 D. 1:4:1
2013---2014学年度下学期七年级第一次月考 语文试题 亲爱的同学们：又到了展示你才能的时刻了，别紧张，请你轻松地走进考场，微笑着拿起语文试卷，愉快地接受检验，相信你平日的辛勤耕耘定会在这里收获到累累硕果。 一、积累与运用（24分） 1、古诗文默写（10分） （1）（赵师秀《约客》）默写全诗： ，。 ，。 （2）万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。，。 ，。（《木兰诗》） ，。双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌（《木兰诗》） 2、根据拼音写出相应的词语。（4分） （1）这是荒原，rén jì hǎn zhì（），所以不相宜，只好来捕鸟。（2）我临去时，爸爸还这样dīng zhǔ( )我。 （3）浊流宛转，结成jiǔqūlián huán（）。 （4）而我将用我的泪水，洗去一切的wū huì( )。 3、下列句子加点的词语使用得当的一项是（）（3分） A．“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”正好准确地描述了“两弹”元勋邓稼先的一生。B．2008年9月27日16时41分00秒，我国航天员翟志刚打开神舟七号载人飞船轨道舱。舱门实施空间出舱活动，这是世界上空前绝后的太空出舱活动。C．两岸“三通”基本实现，和平发展前最愈发光明，僵持多年的两岸关系，终于蜕化变质。 D．泰山、华山、黄山，都是大自然巧夺天工的艺术品。 4、下面句子没有语病的一项是（）（3分） A “提高理解能力”是极为十分重要的。 B为了避免今后再发生类似的事件,我们都应该提高安全意识。 C那一次谈话以后，他那激动不安的心情总在我的脑海浮现。 D我们的地理老师上课说话风趣幽默，常让人忍俊不禁地发笑。 5、根据示例，写一段话。（3分） (1) 朋友，你会微笑吗微笑是一杯浓浓的咖啡，是一曲动人的音乐，_______________________,_______________________。微笑让我们的生活充满了温馨。 （2）人生的意义不在于索取。如果你是一颗大树，就撒下一片阴凉；如果你是一泓清泉，就滋润一方土地。__________________,________________________。
第十七章《欧姆定律》单元复习课 【复习目标】 1.会通过实验，探究电流与电压、电阻的关系。 2.理解欧姆定律，能运用欧姆定律分析解决串、并联电路问题。 3.会用伏安法测电阻。 4.能利用欧姆定律分析串并联电路动态变化问题。 【复习重点和难点】 重点：①理解欧姆定律②伏安法测电阻。 难点：①欧姆定律的应用②动态电路的分析。 【学具准备】 电源（3节干电池）、电阻（5Ω、10Ω、15Ω）、未知阻值的电阻、滑动变阻器、电流表、电压表、开关、导线等及多媒体课件和导学案。 【前置准备】利用多媒体展示本章思维导图。 【复习过程】 一、创设情境、引入复习
导入语：（展示图片）夜幕下，彩灯勾画出古镇建筑的轮廓。 电灯发光时，电流在电路中静静的“流淌”。你是否想过，电流的 流动遵循怎样的规律？电流、电压、电阻各自扮演着什么角色？它 们之间的关系又如何呢？现在就让我们进一步认识其中的奥秘。 (板书课题) 设计意图：利用多媒体展示图片，引出复习课题。结合思维导图让学生回顾本章内容的内在联系，后面的几个专题复习就是围绕本章的内容而展开的，这样能使学生的复习有明确的目标。 二、专题复习 【专题一】电流与电压和电阻的关系 知识点聚焦： 实验表明：在一定时，通过导体的电流跟导体两端的电压成正比；在电压不变时，通过导体的电流跟导体的成反比。 探究一：利用电源、电阻（10Ω）、滑动变阻器、电流表、电压表、开关、导线等器材探究“电阻一定时，电流跟电压之间的关系”。 实验：如下图甲所示，艾力做“探究电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”的实验。 (1)连接电路时，开关应，并将滑动变阻器的滑片滑到端。 (2)闭合开关后，他发现电流表和电压表的指针偏转情况如上图乙所示，出现这种情况的原因可能是。 (3)通过实验，他记录了电压与电流相对应的有关数据，如下表，根据表格中的数据，你能得到的结论是。 探究二：利用电源、电阻（5Ω、10Ω、15Ω）、滑动变阻器、电流表、电压表、开关、导线等器材探究“电压一定时，电流跟电阻之间的关系”。 实验：在探究导体的电流跟电阻关系的实验中：
一、积累（21分） 1.读下面这些文字，根据拼音写出相应的汉字。（4分） ⑴东风来了，春天的脚步近了。……山朗(rùn)起来了，水涨起来了，太阳的脸红起来了。 ⑵夏天的雨也有夏天的性格，热烈而粗(guǎng)。 ⑶黄色的花淡雅，白色的花高洁，紫红色的花热烈而深沉，泼泼洒洒，秋风中正开得烂(màn) 。 ⑷后来发生了分（qí）：我的母亲要走大路，大路平顺；我的儿子要走小路，小路有意思…… 2.古诗文名句默写。（10分） ⑴我寄愁心与明月，。（李白《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》） ⑵正是江南好风景，。（杜甫《江南逢李龟年》） ⑶，鸟鸣山更幽。（王籍《入若耶溪》） ⑷可怜九月初三夜，。（白居易《暮江吟》） ⑸，思君不见下渝州。（李白《峨眉山月歌》） ⑹乡愁是游子笔下永恒的主题，亲情是人类割舍不掉的情感。马致远一句“夕阳西下， ①”诉说离家的愁思；岑参行军九日思长安 “②，应傍战场开。”王湾停宿北固山下，借“鸿雁传书”表达思乡之情,“乡书何处达？③。”李益夜上受降
城，“④，⑤。”描绘凄凉幽怨的笛声唤醒了征人的思乡情绪。 3.下列句子中加点的敬辞或谦辞使用不当的一项是（）（3分） A.令郎不愧是丹青世家子弟，画的马那是栩栩如生。 B.你家母让我跟你说一下，这个周末一定要回家啊。 C.拙作奉上，深感不安，请不吝赐教。 D.贤弟太客气了，愚兄只不过是举手之劳罢了。 4.解释下列句中加点的词语。（4分） ⑴俄而雪骤⑵陈太丘与友期行 ⑶去后乃至⑷元方入门不顾 二、阅读（20分） （一）名著阅读（6分） 5.《白洋淀纪事》《湘行散记》《我与地坛》是七年级上册自主阅读推荐书目。请你分别选择一项“推荐语”,向读者推荐这三本书。（3分） ⑴《白洋淀纪事》（）⑵《湘行散记》（）⑶《我与地坛》（） A.一部深沉奇丽的乐曲：湘西的现实与历史交织，独特的自然世界与别样的生命形态交融，美丽纯净的自然风物背后隐含的无奈与无常……
欧姆定律知识点总结 一、欧姆定律 1．探究电流与电压、电阻的关系 ㈠采用的研究方法是： ①保持不变，改变电压研究电流随电压的变化关系； ②保持不变，改变电阻研究电流随电阻的变化关系。 ①在电阻一定时，导体中的电流与； ②在电压一定时，导体中的电流与。 ㈢实验电路图： ㈣两次实验中滑动变阻器的作用分别是什么？ 2．欧姆定律的内容： 。 3．数学表达式I=U/R。 4．说明：①适用条件：（即用电器工作时，消耗的电能完全转化为内能）； ②I、U、R对应同一导体或同一段电路，不同时刻、不同导体或不同段电路三者不能混用，应加角码区别。三者的单位依次是__________________. ③同一导体（即R不变），则I与U成；同一电源（即U不变），则I与R成；。 ④R＝U/I是电阻的计算式，它表示导体的电阻可由U/I计算出大小，电阻是导体本身的一种性质，与电压U和电流I等因素无关。 二、伏安法测电阻 1．定义：用电压表和电流表分别测出电路中某一导体两端的电压和通过的电流就能够根据欧姆定律算出这个导体的电阻，这种用电压表电流表测电阻的方法叫伏安法。2．原理：_________________。 3．电路图： 4．步骤： ①根据电路图连接实物电路。连接电路时开关应___ _,滑动变阻器的阻 值应调到________ ②检查电路无误后，闭合开关S，三次改变滑动变阻器的阻值，分别读出电 流表、电压表的示数，填入表格。 ③算出三次Rx的值，求出平均值。 ④整理器材。 5．讨论：⑴本实验中，滑动变阻器的作用： ①；②。 ⑵测量结果偏小是因为：； 测量结果偏大是因为： ⑶如图是两电阻的伏安曲线，则R1 R2（选填“<”、“>”或“=”） 三、串联电路的特点 1．电流：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 2．电压：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 3．电阻：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 理解：把n段导体串联起来，总电阻比任何一段导体的电阻都，这相当于增加了导体的。 4．串联分压，电阻的阻值越大它分担的电压就越大。 四、并联电路的特点 1．电流：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 2．电压：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 3．电阻：文字表达：。 字母表达式：。 理解：把n段导体并联起来，总电阻比任何一段导体的电阻都，这相当于导体的横截面积。
七年级语文下册第一次月考检测卷 测试范围：第一、二单元 一、积累与运用(27分) 1．下列加点字注音完全正确的一项是()(2分) A．污秽．(suì)澎湃．(pài)哺．育(bǔ)气冲斗．牛(dǒu) B．惩．罚(chěng) 殷．红(yīn) 抹．杀(mǒ) 慷慨．淋漓(kǎi) C．气氛．(fēn) 可汗．(hán) 彷．徨(páng) 深恶．痛绝(wù) D．默契．(qì) 亘．古(gèng) 踱．步(duó) 鲜．为人知(xiǎn) 2．下列词语书写完全正确的一项是()(2分) A．喧闹怪诞字贴目不窥园 B．屏障泛滥斑斓妇儒皆知 C．奥悔选聘抱歉鞠躬尽萃 D．谣言薪金震荡沥尽心血 3．下列加点词语使用不当的一项是()(2分) A．这些年轻的科学家决心以无所不为 ．．．．的勇气，克服重重困难，去探索大自然的奥秘。 B．在学习和工作中，专心致志和锲而不舍 ．．．．都是迈向成功不可或缺的品质。 C．《爸爸去哪儿5》的火爆，让节目中的六位萌娃都成了家喻户晓 ．．．．的童星。 D．对于他这种卑劣的行为，大家都感到深恶痛绝 ．．．．，决定不再跟他打交道。 4．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是()(2分) A．日裔英国小说家石黑一雄荣获2017年诺贝尔文学奖得主。 B．许多同学在教室里昨天都同他展开了激烈的辩论。 C．共享单车是指企业与政府合作，在校园、地铁站点、公交站点……提供自行车共享服务，是共享经济的一种新形态。 D．有报道说，目前绝大多数企业的销售利润在8%以下，比去年下降了一倍。 5．填入下面空白处的句子，最恰当的一项是()(2分) 教育是儒家思想中的重要课题，谈到教育的方法，孔子注重启发，强调引发学生的创造力，他说：“________________”由此可知，教育，与其把学生当作鸭子填入一些零碎知识，不如给他们几把钥匙，使之可以自动地去开发文化的金库和宇宙的宝藏。 A．不愤不启，不悱不发；举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。 B．学而时习之，不亦说乎？ C．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 D．知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。 6．名著导读。(4分) (1)下列关于《骆驼祥子》的各项说法有误的一项是()(2分) A．《骆驼祥子》作者老舍，原名舒庆春，满族，北京(籍贯)人，有“人民艺术家”的称号。 B．《骆驼祥子》中的祥子在兵荒马乱中被抢走车子，却冒险地牵回了三匹骆驼，“骆驼祥子”
17 欧姆定律 电流与电压和电阻的关系 一、探究电流与电压的关系 提出问题：电阻一定时，电流与电压存在怎样的关系？ 猜想与假设：因为电压是使自由电荷发声定向移动形成电流的原因，电压越高，电流越大，所以电流与电压可能存在正比 关系。 设计实验：探究电流与电压的关系，需要将定值电阻接入电路，并用电流表测出电路中的电流，用电压表测出定值电阻两端的电压，通过串联在电路中的滑动变阻器来调节定值电阻两端的电压。实验电路图如图所示。 进行试验： （1）将一个10Ω的定值电阻按图所示的实验电路图接入电路。 （2）调节滑动变阻器的滑片，使电压表示数分别为、、，分别读出电流表的示 数并填入下表中。 R=10Ω 电压U/V 电流I/A （3）在坐标系中画出I-U图像，如图所示 分析论证：从实验数据可以看出电流与电压有关，电流随电压的增大而增大，电流与电压的比值为一定值，说明电流与电压成正比，将实验数据通过图像的形式表示出来，通过分析图像可知电流的大小
与电压成正比。 结论：在电阻一定的情况下，通过导体的电流与导体两端的电压成正比。 二、探究电流与电阻的关系 提出问题：电压一定时，电流与电阻存在怎样的关系？ 猜想与假设：因为电阻表示导体对电流阻碍作用的大小，电阻越大，电流会越小， 所以电流与电阻可能存在反比关系。 设计实验：要研究电流与电阻的关系，必须改变接入电路的电阻值的大小（如5Ω、10Ω、20Ω。。。），只需要更换不同电阻接入电路即可。试验中要控制电阻两端的电压不变，所以需要在电路中串联滑动变阻器来调节，保证电阻两端的电压 相等。实验电路图如图所示。 进行试验： （1）按图所示电路图连接实验电路。 （2）将阻值为5Ω的定值电阻连入电路中，调节滑动变阻器的滑片，使电压表示数为3V，读出电流表的示数填入下表中。 （3）将阻值为5Ω的定值电阻更换为10Ω、15Ω的定值电阻，调节滑动变阻器的滑片，使电压表示数保持在3V不变，分别读出对应电流表的示数并填入下表中 U=3V 电阻R/Ω 5 10 15 电流I/A （4）在坐标系中画出I-R图像如图所示 分析论证：从实验数据可以看出电流与电阻有关，电流随电
七年级第二学期语文月考试卷 一、聪明在于积累，天才在于勤奋，我们先来检验一下自己的知识储备和语言运用能力吧！（31分） 1、古诗文积累填空（12分） 打开七年级下册语文课本，我们看到了一个广阔的语文世界。我们与南朝诗人吴均同住山中，体验“山际见来烟，”的有趣生活；我们与李白在洛阳共度思乡之旅，耳畔是“，散入春风满洛城”的《折杨柳》笛声；我们与岑参相伴，同赴边塞，“故园东望路漫漫，”，心头涌起的是对故土与亲人的深深怀念；我们与木兰一起征战沙场，感受千年古战场上“，壮士十年归”的激烈与悲壮；我们还与韦应物在郊野渡口，悠然空泊，体会“，野渡无人舟自横”的深远意境；我们还在幽静的竹林当中体会“深林人不知，”的恬淡与静谧。 2、选出下列加点字注音有误的一项是（）（3分） A、嗥．鸣．(háo) 山巅．(diān) 浊．流(zhuó) 呻．吟(shēn) B、田垄．(lǒng) 召．唤(zhào) 磅．礴(páng) 怪诞．(dàn) C、辔．头(pèi) 炽．痛(chì) 哽．住(gěng) 哺．育(pǔ) D、啾．啾(jiū) 机杼．(zhù) 污秽．(huì) 督．学(dū) 3、下列没有错别字的一项是（）（3分） A．菜畦渲闹臃肿人声鼎沸 B．懊诲蝉蜕丑陋来势凶凶 C．讪笑崎岖屏嶂九曲连环 D．澎湃祈祷脑髓回环曲折 4、下列句子没有语病的一项是（ ) (3分） A、经过总结，我提高了学习效率和学习方法。 B、在世界文化史上，中国最早是出现文字的一个国家。 C、能否提高健康水平，很大程度上取决于自己坚持锻炼身体。 D、人们在长期的利用和改造自然劳动实践中，积累了丰富的知识和经验。 5、下列各句加点的词语使用不当的一项是（）（3分） A、从没有见过老师发过这么大的火，教室里一片静默 ．．，同学们大气不敢喘一口。 B、这次没有能够当选上班长，他的神情显得很沮丧 ．．。 C、学习遭到困难时，要及时向老师求教，做到不耻下问 ．．．．。 D、自己犯了错误，还要讳疾忌医 ．．．．，什么时候才能有进步？ 6、下列说法不完全正确的是（）（3分） A、《从百草园到三味书屋》出自鲁迅先生的小说集《朝花夕拾》，文章写景精彩，结构鲜明， 充满着童真童趣。 B、《爸爸的花儿落了》一文采用插叙手法，时而写眼前之事，时而又回忆往事，使文章显得波 澜起伏，跌宕有致。 C、《最后一课》以小弗朗士的所见所闻所感为线索，题目，既表现了作者的亡国之痛，又表现
第十三章欧姆定律 一、知识点梳理 知识点一探究电流与电压、电阻的关系 例1、在“研究电流跟电压的关系”实验中，被控制的物理量是_______ ，实验结论是_________________________ ；在“研究电流跟电阻的关系”实验中，被控制的物理量是_______ ，实验结论是________________________ ．这两个实验所用的科学方法是：_____________．滑动变阻器两次的作用分别是：_________________________;______________________________. 变式训练 1、李明同学在“探究通过导体的电流与其两端电压的关系”时，将记录的 实验数据通过整理作出了如图所示的图象，下列说法中错误的是（） A．当在导体乙的两端加上1V的电压时，通过乙导体的电流为0.1A B．将甲、乙两导体并连接到电压为2V的电源上时，干路中的电流为0.6A C．导体甲的电阻小于导体乙的电阻 D．导体两端的电压为零时，导体的电阻也为零 2、小刚用如图所示电路探究“一段电路中电流跟电阻的关系”．在此实验 过程中，当A、B两点间的电阻由10Ω更换为5Ω为后，为了探究上述问题，他 应该采取的操作是（） “小则小调，大则大调” A．保持变阻器滑片不动 B．将变阻器滑片适当向左移动 C．将变阻器滑片适当向右移动 D．适当增加电池的节数 3、下列说法中，能用于研究电流与电压之间关系的是（） A．用同一导体，保持导体两端电压相同 B．用不同导体，保持导体两端电压相同 C．用同一导体，改变导体两端电压 D．用不同导体，改变导体两端电压 4、小明用图1所示的电路探究“电阻上的电流跟两端电压的关系”，图2是小明未完成连接的实验电路。 （1）电压表应选择_________的量程；现要求滑动变阻器滑片向左移动时，电流表示数增大．请你按照对电压表量程的选择和对滑动变阻器连接的要求，用笔画线代替导线，完成图2中实验电路的连接。 （2）小明按要求正确连接电路后，闭合开关，发现电压表指针偏转到满刻度的位置，其原因可能是_____________________________________________。（写出一个） （3）小明在实验中通过调节滑动变阻器滑片，测出通过电阻R的不同电流和对应的电压值，如下表所示。 U（V）0.5 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.0 I（A）0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 ②小明在实验中所用电阻R的阻值为_________Ω；当通过的电流为0.5A时，电阻R消耗的电功率为_________W。 （4）如果将实验电路中的电阻R更换成一个额定电压为3.8V、阻值约为10Ω的小灯泡后，要进行“测量小灯泡的额定电功率”的实验，则对实验电路还必须进行怎样的改动：_____________________________________________．
第17章勾股定理单元目标检测 (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) 一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 1．在△ABC中，AB＝17，AC＝10，BC边上的高AD＝8，则边BC的长为( )．A． 21 B．15 C．6 D．以上答案都不对 2．在△ABC中，AB＝15，AC＝13，BC边上的高AD＝12，则△ABC的面积为( )．A．84 B．24 C．24或84 D．84或24 3．如图，直角三角形ABC的周长为24，且AB∶BC＝5∶3，则AC的长为( )．A．6 B．8 C．10 D．12 (第3题图) (第4题图) (第5题图) 4．如图，以Rt△ABC的三边为斜边分别向外作等腰直角三角形．若斜边AB＝3，则图中阴影部分的面积为( )． A．9 B．3 C．9 4 D． 9 2 5．如图，在△ABC中，AD⊥BC于点D，AB＝17，BD＝15，DC＝6，则AC的长为( )．A．11 B．10 C．9 D．8 6．若三角形三边长为a，b，c，且满足等式(a＋b)2－c2＝2ab，则此三角形是( )．A．锐角三角形B．钝角三角形 C．等腰直角三角形D．直角三角形 7．一直角三角形两直角边分别为5,12，则这个直角三角形斜边上的高为( )． A．6 B．8.5 C．20 13 D． 60 13 8．底边上的高为3，且底边长为8的等腰三角形腰长为( )． A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6 9．一只蚂蚁沿直角三角形的边长爬行一周需2 s，如果将该直角三角形的边长扩大1倍，那么这只蚂蚁再沿边长爬行一周需( )． A．6 s B．5 s C．4 s D．3 s 10．如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，AB＝4.分别以AC，BC为直径作半圆，面积分别记为S1，S2，则S1＋S2的值等于( )． A．2π B．3π C．4π D．8π