Chapter 29
The Monetary System
TRUE/FALSE
1. In an economy that relies on barter, trade requires a double-coincidence of wants.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Definitional
2. Joe wants to trade eggs for sausage. Lashonda wants to trade sausage for eggs. Joe and Lashonda have a
double-coincidence of wants.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Definitional
3. The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Trade
MSC: Definitional
4. Roundabout trade is beneficial for an economy.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Trade
MSC: Definitional
5. Money allows peopl e to specialize in what they do best, thereby raising everyone’s standard of living.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Interpretive
6. When money functions as a unit of account, then it cannot be commodity money.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Interpretive
7. Demand deposits are balances in bank accounts that depositors can access by writing a check.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Demand deposits
MSC: Definitional
8. According to economists, a collection of valuable jewels is not money.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Money MSC: Interpretive
9. A debit card is more similar to a credit card than to a check.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Money MSC: Interpretive
10. Gary's wealth is $1 million. Economists would say that Gary has $1 million worth of money.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
11. Marc puts prices on surfboards and skateboards at his sporting goods store. He is using money as a unit of
account.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
1950
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1951 12. Sandra routinely uses currency to purchase her groceries. She is using money as a unit of account.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
13. Bottles of very fine wine are less liquid than demand deposits.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity
MSC: Interpretive
14. U.S. dollars are an example of commodity money and hides used to make trades are an example of fiat money. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money
MSC: Definitional
15. When the Soviet Union began breaking up in the late 1980s, cigarettes began replacing the ruble as the
medium of exchange even though the ruble was legal tender. The cigarettes provide an example of fiat money. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money
MSC: Interpretive
16. In order for currency to be widely used as a medium of exchange, it is sufficient for the government to
designate it as legal tender.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Currency
MSC: Definitional
17. M1 includes savings deposits.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
18. M2 is both larger and more liquid than M1.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply | Liquidity
MSC: Interpretive
19. Credit cards are a medium of exchange.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Medium of exchange
MSC: Definitional
20. The series of bank failures in 1907 occurred despite the creation of the Federal Reserve many years earlier. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Interpretive
21. Federal Reserve governors are given long terms to insulate them from politics.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Interpretive
22. The Federal Reserve is a privately operated commercial bank.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Definitional
23. The Federal Reserve was created in 1913 after a series of bank failures in 1907.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Definitional
1952 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
24. Members of the Board of Governors are appointed by the president of the U.S. and confirmed by the U.S.
Senate.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Definitional
25. Monetary policy is determined by a committee whose voting members include all the presidents of the
regional Federal Reserve Banks.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy
TOP: Federal Open Market Committee MSC: Definitional
26. The Federal Reserve primarily uses open-market operations to change the money supply.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Open-market operations
MSC: Definitional
27. If the Fed buys bonds in the open market, the money supply decreases.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Open-market operations
MSC: Applicative
28. Banks cannot influence the money supply if they hold all deposits in reserve.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Banks | Money supply
MSC: Interpretive
29. Banks still could contribute to changes in the money supply, even if they were required to hold all deposits in
reserve.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Fractional-reserve banking MSC: Applicative
30. If banks hold any amount of their deposits in reserve, then they do not have the ability to influence the money
supply.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Reserves | Money supply
MSC: Interpretive
31. When the Federal Reserve decreases the discount rate, the quantity of reserves increases and the money supply
increases.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy
TOP: Discount rate | Reserves | Money supply MSC: Interpretive
32. The money multiplier equals 1/(1 - R), where R represents the reserve ratio.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Money multiplier
MSC: Definitional
33. Assume that when $100 of new reserves enter the banking system, the money supply ultimately increases by
$625. Assume also that no banks hold excess reserves and that the entire money supply consists of bank deposits. If, at a point in time, reserves for all banks amount to $500, then at that same point in time, loans for all banks amount to $2,625.
ANS: T DIF: 3 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Money multiplier
MSC: Analytical
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1953 34. Assume that when $100 of new reserves enter the banking system, the money supply ultimately increases by
$800. Assume also that no banks hold excess reserves and that the entire money supply consists of bank deposits. If, at a point in time, reserves for all banks amount to $750, then at that same point in time, loans for all banks amount to $6,000.
ANS: F DIF: 3 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Money multiplier
MSC: Analytical
35. As banks create money, they create wealth.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Banks | Money
MSC: Definitional
36. The money supply of Hooba is $10,000 in a 100-percent-reserve banking system. If Hooba decreases the
reserve requirement to 10 percent, the money supply could increase by no more than $9,000.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Money multiplier
MSC: Applicative
37. If the Fed decreases reserve requirements, the money supply will increase.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Reserve requirements
MSC: Applicative
38. An increase in reserve requirements increases reserves and decreases the money supply.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Reserve requirements
MSC: Applicative
39. Just after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, the Fed stood ready to lend financial institutions funds.
When the Fed did this, it was acting in its role of lender of last resort.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Lender of last resort
MSC: Definitional
40. Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed can control the money supply very precisely.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Interpretive
41. In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the
form of currency because they intend to shop and travel for the holidays. As a result, other things the same the money supply increases.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Currency | Money multiplier MSC: Applicative
42. Other things the same, if banks decide to hold a smaller part of their deposits as excess reserves, the money
supply will fall.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Reserves
MSC: Applicative
43. Bank runs and the accompanying increase in the money multiplier caused the U.S. money supply to rise by 28
percent from 1929 to 1933.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 29-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Banks | Money multiplier
MSC: Definitional
1954 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
SHORT ANSWER
1. Economists argue that the move from barter to money increased trade and production. How is this possible? ANS:
The use of money allows people to trade more easily. When it is easier to trade, specialization increases. Increased specialization increases production and the standard of living.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter | Money
MSC: Interpretive
2. What is the difference between money and wealth?
ANS:
Money is defined as the set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other people. Wealth includes all assets, both monetary and nonmonetary.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Money MSC: Definitional
3. Which of the three functions of money are commonly met by each of the following assets in the U.S.
economy?
a.paper dollar
b.precious metals
c.collectibles such as baseball cards, stamps, and antiques
ANS:
a.medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account
b.store of value
c.store of value
DIF: 1 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Money MSC: Interpretive
4. Are credit cards and debit cards money? What's the difference between credit and debit cards?
ANS:
Neither credit cards nor debit cards are money, but credit cards are very different from debit cards. Credit cards are not a medium of exchange, but are a means of deferring payment. Debit cards allow the user immediate access to deposits in a bank account. These deposits are part of the money supply.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Money MSC: Interpretive
5. What is the difference between commodity money and fiat money? Why do people accept fiat money in trade
for goods and services?
ANS:
Commodity money has "intrinsic value," or value in uses other than as money. Fiat money is established as money by the government. It has very little, if any, intrinsic value. Although fiat money has no intrinsic value, people accept it in trade when they are confident that others will also accept it. The government's decree that fiat currency serves as legal tender increases this confidence.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money
MSC: Definitional
6. What does the text mean by the question, "Where Is All the Currency?" How does it answer the question? ANS:
The amount of currency per person is nearly $3,300. Most people carry far less than this. The question is, "where is the rest of the currency?" Foreigners and criminals hold some. In some foreign countries, people have more confidence in the U.S. dollar than in their own currency. Criminals use currency because it makes it harder for the government to trace their activities than if they used bank accounts. So they may hold above average amounts of currency.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-1 NAT: Analytic
LOC: The role of money TOP: Currency MSC: Definitional
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1955 7. What is meant by the term "lender of last resort?" In what circumstances might the Fed be a lender of last
resort?
ANS:
A "lender of last resort" is a lender to those who cannot borrow anywhere else. The Fed might loan funds to a solvent bank that is experiencing a bank run and so doesn't currently have enough cash on hand to meet depositors' demands.
DIF: 1 REF: 29-2 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Lender of last resort
MSC: Interpretive
8. Compare the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee.
ANS:
The Board of Governors runs the Federal Reserve. It has seven members who are appointed by the U.S. president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The voting members of the Federal Open Market Committee include the 7 members of the Board of Governors and 5 of the 12 regional bank presidents, rotated among the 12 regional presidents, but always including the president of the New York Fed. The chair of the BOG also serves as chair of the FOMC. The FOMC meets about every six weeks in Washington, D.C. to discuss the condition of the economy and to consider changes in monetary policy.
DIF: 1 REF: 29-2 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Definitional
9. What makes the New York Federal Reserve regional bank so important?
ANS:
The president of the New York Federal Reserve regional bank is the only regional bank president who is always a voting member of the FOMC, the committee that determines monetary policy. New York is the traditional financial center of the U.S. economy and the New York Federal Reserve Bank conducts all open-market transactions.
DIF: 1 REF: 29-2 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Definitional
10. Designers of the Federal Reserve System were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part
of the country or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects such
concerns?
ANS:
1.The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.
2.The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so it is unlikely that a single
president will have appointed most of them.
3.The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.
4.The presidents of the regional banks serve as voting members of the FOMC on a rotating basis.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-2 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Interpretive
11. Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?
ANS:
1.Prices rise when the government prints too much money.
2.There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-2 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System
MSC: Interpretive
1956 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
12. Explain why banks can influence the money supply if the required reserve ratio is less than 100 percent. ANS:
When the reserve requirement is less than 100 percent, banks can lend out deposits. The money they lend out is redeposited. In this way, deposits can be greater than reserves. Since deposits are greater under fractional-reserve banking and since deposits are part of the money supply, the money supply will be greater under fractional-reserve banking.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Banks | Money supply
MSC: Interpretive
13. If the reserve ratio is 20 percent, how much money can be created from $100 of reserves? Show your work. ANS:
(1/.20) $100 = $500.
DIF: 1 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Money multiplier
MSC: Applicative
14. Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank which has $5,000 of deposits, a required reserve ratio of 10
percent, and excess reserves of $300. Make sure you balance sheet balances.
ANS:
First National Bank
Assets Liabilities
Reserves$800Deposits$5,000
Loans$4,200
DIF: 2 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Banks MSC: Applicative
15. Explain how each of the following changes the money supply.
a.the Fed buys bonds
b.the Fed raises the discount rate
c.the Fed raises the reserve requirement
ANS:
a.If the Fed buys bonds, it pays for them with reserves so banks will have more reserves and can lend more
which will create more deposits and so more money.
b.If the Fed raises the discount rate banks will borrow less from the Fed, and so have fewer reserves,
which decreases the money supply.
c.If the Fed raises the reserve requirement, banks will have to hold more of their deposits as reserves and
so will have less to lend out. With less to lend out, deposits and the money supply decrease.
DIF: 2 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System | Money supply
MSC: Interpretive
16. Describe the two things that limit the precision of the Fed's control of the money supply and explain how each
limits that control.
ANS:
First, the Fed does not control the amount of currency that households choose to hold relative to deposits. If households decide to hold relatively more currency, banks have fewer reserves and the money supply decreases. Second, the Fed cannot control the amount banks choose to hold as excess reserves. If bankers decide to lend out less of their deposits, the money supply will decrease.
DIF: 3 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Federal Reserve System | Money supply
MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1957 17. During the early 1930s there were a number of bank failures in the United States. What did this do to the
money supply? The New York Federal Reserve Bank advocated open market purchases. Would these
purchases have reversed the change in the money supply and helped banks? Explain.
ANS:
Bank failures cause people to lose confidence in the banking system so that deposits fall and banks have less to lend. Further, under these circumstances banks are probably more cautious about lending. Both of these reactions would tend to decrease the money supply. Open market purchases increase bank reserves and so would have at least made the decrease smaller. The increase in reserves would also have provided banks with greater liquidity to meet the demands of customers who wanted to make withdrawals. In short, while the actions of depositors and banks lowered the money supply, the Fed could have increased it by buying bonds.
DIF: 3 REF: 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Monetary policy | Open-market operations
MSC: Analytical
18. Suppose that in a country the total holdings of banks were as follows:
required reserves = $45 million
excess reserves = $15 million
deposits = $750 million
loans = $600 million
Treasury bonds = $90 million
Show that the balance sheet balances if these are the only assets and liabilities.
Assuming that people hold no currency, what happens to each of these values if the central bank changes the reserve requirement ratio to 3%, banks still want to hold the same percentage of excess reserves, and banks don’t change their holdings of Treasury bonds? How much does the money supply change by?
ANS:
The only liability is deposits which equal $750 million. Total reserves are $60 billion which summed with loans, $600 million, and Treasury bonds $90 million = $750. Since liabilities equal assets, the balance sheet balances. Initially banks need to hold 6% on reserve and want to hold 2% as excess reserves. When the Fed lowers the reserve requirement ratio to 2%, the bank only has to hold $15 million on reserve and so now has $30 million of excess reserves. Between the 2% requirement and the 2% for excess the reserve ratio is now 4% and the multiplier is now 1/.04 = 25. So, the decrease in the reserve requirement ratio leads to an increase in deposits of $750 million. (Also, total reserves are $60 million and the multiplier is now 25, so deposits should be $1,500 million.)
Required reserves are 2% of $1,500 million of deposits = $30 million.
Excess reserves are 2% of $1,500 million of deposits and so now also equal $30 million.
Deposits rose by as much as the money supply since people don’t hold currency, so that the money supply rose by $750 million. The additional deposits came by way of additional lending, so loans should have also increased by $750 million. Also, since deposits rose by $750 million, liabilities should have risen by $750 million. Under the given assumptions, this means loans should have risen by $750 million.
Overall the money supply rose by $750 as explained above.
DIF: 3 REF: 29-2 | 29-3 NAT: Analytic
LOC: Monetary and fiscal policy TOP: Reserves | Money multiplier
MSC: Analytical
Sec00 - The Monetary System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The double coincidence of wants
a.is required when there is no item in an economy that is widely accepted in exchange for goods and
services.
b.is required in an economy that relies on barter.
c.is a hindrance to the allocation of resources when it is required for trade.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Interpretive
1958 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
2. In an economy that relies upon barter,
a.trade does not require a double coincidence of wants.
b.scarce resources are allocated just as easily as they are in economies that do not rely upon barter.
c.there is no item in the economy that is widely accepted in exchange for goods and services.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Interpretive
3. Which of the following is an example of barter?
a. A parent gives a teenager a $10 bill in exchange for her babysitting services.
b. A homeowner gives an exterminator a check for $50 in exchange for extermination services.
c. A barber gives a plumber a haircut in exchange for the plumber fixing the barber’s leaky faucet.
d.All of the above are examples of barter.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Barter MSC: Applicative
4. Consider five high school students working on homework in study hall.
Which of the following pairs of students has a double coincidence of wants?
a.Rosie and Piper
b.Piper and Molly
c.Dewey and Molly
d.Bob and Dewey
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Barter MSC: Applicative
5. Consider five individuals with different occupations.
Which of the following pairs of individuals has a double coincidence of wants?
a.Mary and Clark
b.Clark and Nathan
c.Nathan and Polly
d.Polly and Paul
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Barter MSC: Applicative
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1959 6. Consider four survivors on an island.
Which of the following pairs of survivors has a double-coincidence of wants?
a.Rupert with Amber, and Rob with Tom
b.Amber with Tom
c.Rupert with Rob
d.None of the above are correct.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Applicative
7. Consider the following traders who meet.
Which, if any, pairs of traders has a double coincidence of wants?
a.Bob with Alice
b.Ted with Alice
c.Bob with Mary, Ted with Bob, and Ted with Alice
d.None of the pairs above has a double coincidence of wants.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Barter
MSC: Applicative
8. The existence of money leads to
a.greater specialization in production, but not to a higher standard of living.
b. a higher standard of living, but not to greater specialization.
c.greater specialization and to a higher standard of living.
d.neither greater specialization nor to a higher standard of living.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
9. When we say that trade is roundabout we mean that
a.people sometimes trade goods for goods.
b.trades require a double coincidence of wants.
c.currency is accepted primarily to make further trades.
d.people must spend time searching for the products they wish to purchas
e.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Trade
MSC: Definitional
1960 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
Sec01 - The Monetary System - The Meaning of Money
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Economists use the term money to refer to
a.all wealth.
b.all assets, including real assets and financial assets.
c.all financial assets, but real assets are not regarded as money.
d.those types of wealth that are regularly accepted by sellers in exchange for goods and services. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
2. Money
a.is a perfect store of value.
b.is the most liquid asset.
c.has intrinsic value, regardless of which form it takes.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Liquidity MSC: Interpretive
3. Money is the most liquid asset available because
a.it is a store of value.
b.it is a medium of exchange.
c.it is a unit of account.
d.it has intrinsic valu
e.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Liquidity MSC: Interpretive
4. The ease with which an asset can be
a.traded for another asset determines whether or not that asset is a unit of account.
b.transported from one place to another determines whether or not that asset could serve as fiat
money.
c.converted into a store of value determines the liquidity of that asset.
d.converted into the economy’s medium of exchange determines the liq uidity of that asset.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity
MSC: Interpretive
5. When we want to measure and record economic value, we use money as the
a.liquid asset.
b.medium of exchange.
c.unit of account.
d.store of valu
e.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
6. In which of the following sets of assets are the assets correctly ranked from most liquid to least liquid?
a.money, bonds, cars, houses
b.money, cars, houses, bonds
c.bonds, money, cars, houses
d.bonds, cars, money, houses
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity
MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1961
7. Which of the following lists ranks types of assets from most liquid to least liquid?
a.currency, demand deposits, money market mutual funds
b.currency, money market mutual funds, demand deposits
c.money market mutual funds, demand deposits, currency
d.demand deposits, money market mutual funds, currency
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Liquidity MSC: Applicative
8. Which list ranks assets from most to least liquid?
a.currency, fine art, stocks
b.currency, stocks, fine art
c.fine art, currency, stocks
d.fine art, stocks, currency
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity
MSC: Definitional
9. When an economy uses silver as money, then that economy’s money
a.serves as a store of value but not as a medium of exchange.
b.serves as a medium of exchange but not as a unit of account.
c.is fiat money.
d.has intrinsic valu
e.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Intrinsic value
MSC: Interpretive
10. For purposes of analyzing the money stock and its relationship to relevant economic variables, money is best
thought of as
a.those items that can be readily accessed and used to buy goods and services.
b.currency only.
c.currency plus all bank accounts.
d.currency plus all bank accounts plus bonds.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Interpretive
11. The measure of the money stock called M1 includes
a.wealth held by people in their checking accounts.
b.wealth held by people in their savings accounts.
c.wealth held by people in money market mutual funds.
d.everything that is included in M2 plus some additional items.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
12. Credit cards are
a. a medium of exchange.
b.counted as part of M2 but not as part of M1.
c.important for analyzing the monetary system.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Interpretive
1962 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
13. The set of items that serve as media of exchange clearly includes
a.demand deposits.
b.short-term bonds.
c.credit cards.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money | Medium of exchange MSC: Interpretive
14. The set of items that serve as media of exchange clearly includes
a.balances that lie behind debit cards.
b.demand deposits.
c.deposits other than demand deposits, such as NOW accounts, on which checks can be written.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money | Medium of exchange MSC: Interpretive
15. Dollar bills, rare paintings, and emerald necklaces are all
a.media of exchange.
b.units of account.
c.stores of value.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Store of value MSC: Interpretive
16. Imagine an economy in which: (1) pieces of paper called yollars are the only thing that buyers give to sellers
when they buy goods and services, so it would be common to use, say, 50 yollars to buy a pair of shoes; (2) prices are posted in terms of yardsticks, so you might walk into a grocery store and see that, today, an apple is worth 2 yardsticks; and (3) yardsticks disintegrate overnight, so no yardstick has any value for more than 24 hours. In this economy,
a.the yardstick is a medium of exchange but it cannot serve as a unit of account.
b.the yardstick is a unit of account but it cannot serve as a store of value.
c.the yardstick is a medium of exchange but it cannot serve as a store of value, and the yollar is a unit
of account.
d.the yollar is a unit of account, but it is not a medium of exchange and it is not a liquid asset.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Medium of exchange | Store of value MSC: Applicative
17. Money is
a.the most liquid asset and a perfect store of value.
b.the most liquid asset but an imperfect store of value.
c.the least liquid asset but a perfect store of value.
d.the least liquid asset and an imperfect store of valu
e.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money | Liquidity | Store of value MSC: Interpretive
18. Paper dollars
a.are commodity money and gold coins are fiat money.
b.are fiat money and gold coins are commodity money.
c.and gold coins are both commodity monies.
d.and gold coins are both fiat monies.
ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Currency | Commodity money MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1963 19. The Soviet government in the 1980s never abandoned the ruble as the official currency. The people of
Moscow preferred to accept other items such as
a.cigarettes in exchange for goods and services, because they were convinced that cigarettes were
going to soon become hard to come by.
b.American dollars in exchange for goods and services, because rubles were extremely hard to come
by.
c.cigarettes or American dollars in exchange for goods and services, reminding us of the fact that
government decree by itself is not sufficient for the success of a commodity money.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Medium of exchange MSC: Applicative
20. Currency includes
a.paper bills and coins.
b.demand deposits.
c.credit cards.
d.Both (a) and (b) are correct.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Currency MSC: Interpretive
21. Which of the following is not included in M1?
a. a $5 bill in your wallet
b.$100 in your checking account
c.$500 in your savings account
d.All of the above are included in M1.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics, and the definitions of economics
TOP: Money supply MSC: Interpretive
22. Money
a.is more efficient than barter.
b.makes trades easier.
c.allows greater specialization.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
23. Paper money
a.has a high intrinsic value.
b.is the primary medium of exchange in a barter economy.
c.is valuable because it is generally accepted in trade.
d.is valuable only because of the legal tender requirement.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
24. Which of the following is a store of value?
a.currency
b.U.S. government bonds
c.fine art
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Store of value
MSC: Interpretive
1964 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
25. Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?
a.You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,, in dollars.
b.You pay for your theater tickets with dollars.
c.You keep 6 ounces of gold in your safe-deposit box at the bank for emergencies.
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Unit of account
MSC: Interpretive
26. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a store of value?
a.You are a precious-metals dealer, and you are always aware of how many ounces of platinum trade
for an ounce of gold.
b.You sell items on eBay, and your prices are stated in terms of dollars.
c.You keep 6 ounces of gold in your safe-deposit box at the bank for emergencies.
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Store of value
MSC: Interpretive
27. The “yardstick” people use to post prices and record debts is called
a. a medium of exchange.
b. a unit of account.
c. a store of value.
d.liquidity.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Unit of account
MSC: Definitional
28. Mia puts money into a piggy bank so she can spend it later. What function of money does this illustrate?
a.store of value
b.medium of exchange
c.unit of account
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Store of value
MSC: Interpretive
29. Which of the following best illustrates the medium of exchange function of money?
a.You keep some money hidden in your shoe.
b.You keep track of the value of your assets in terms of currency.
c.You pay for your oil change using currency.
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Medium of exchange
MSC: Interpretive
30. You receive money as payment for babysitting your neighbors' children. This best illustrates which function of
money?
a.medium of exchange
b.unit of account
c.store of value
d.liquidity
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Medium of exchange
MSC: Definitional
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1965
31. Which of the following is a function of money?
a. a unit of account
b. a store of value
c.medium of exchange
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
32. An item that people can use to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future is called
a. a medium of exchange.
b. a unit of account.
c. a store of value.
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Store of value
MSC: Definitional
33. Treasury Bonds are
a.liquid, but not a store of value.
b. a store of value, but not liquid.
c.both liquid and a store of value.
d.neither liquid nor a store of valu
e.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity | Store of value
MSC: Interpretive
34. Which of the following functions of money is also a common function of most other financial assets?
a. a unit of account
b. a store of value
c.medium of exchange
d.None of the above is correct.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Store of value
MSC: Definitional
35. Economists use the word "money" to refer to
a.income generated by the production of goods and services.
b.those assets regularly used to buy goods and services.
c.the value of a person's assets.
d.the value of stocks and bonds.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money
MSC: Definitional
36. Liquidity refers to
a.the ease with which an asset is converted to the medium of exchange.
b. a measurement of the intrinsic value of commodity money.
c.the suitability of an asset to serve as a store of value.
d.how many time a dollar circulates in a given year.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Liquidity
MSC: Definitional
1966 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
37. Currently, U.S. currency is
a.fiat money with intrinsic value.
b.fiat money with no intrinsic value.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,modity money with intrinsic value.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,modity money with no intrinsic valu
e.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money | Money MSC: Definitional
38. Fiat money
a.has no intrinsic value.
b.is backed by gold.
c.has intrinsic value equal to its value in exchange.
d.is any close substitute for currency such as checkable deposits.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Intrinsic value
MSC: Definitional
39. Commodity money is
a.backed by gold.
b.the principal type of money in use today.
c.money with intrinsic value.
d.receipts created in international trade that are used as a medium of exchang
e.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money MSC: Definitional
40. Fiat money
a.is worthless.
b.has no intrinsic value.
c.may be used as a medium of exchange, but it is not legal tender.
d.performs all the functions of money except the unit-of-account function.
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Intrinsic value
MSC: Definitional
41. Which type of money has intrinsic value?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,modity money
b.fiat money
c.both commodity money and fiat money
d.neither commodity money nor fiat money
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money MSC: Definitional
42. If an economy used gold as money, its money would be
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,modity money, but not fiat money.
b.fiat money, but not commodity money.
c.both fiat and commodity money.
d.functioning as a store of value and as a unit of account, but not as a medium of exchang
e.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Commodity money MSC: Definitional
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1967
43. The legal tender requirement means that
a.people are more likely to accept the dollar as a medium of exchange.
b.the government must hold enough gold to redeem all currency.
c.people may not make trades with anything else.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Medium of exchange
MSC: Definitional
44. Writing in The New York Times in 2004, economist Hal R. Varian asserted that dollars are valuable as a result
of
a.the fact that they are backed by gold.
b.the cost incurred by the government when it prints paper currency.
c.“network effects.”
d.“commodity effects.”
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Value
MSC: Definitional
45. Writing in The New York Times in 2004, economist Hal R. Varian likens the network effects associated with
dollars to the network effects associated with
a.fax machines.
b.carbonated beverages.
c.televisions and radios.
d.jewelry and works of art.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Value
MSC: Definitional
46. In the early 1990s, the inflation rate in southern Iraq averaged about
a. 3 percent a year, with the U.S. dollar serving as the official currency in southern Iraq at that time.
b.20 percent a year, with a new currency, the “Saddam dinar,” serving as the official currency in
southern Iraq at that time.
c.250 percent a year, with a new currency, the “Saddam dinar,” serving as the official currency in
southern Iraq at that time.
d.250 percent a year, with an established currency, the “Swiss dinar,” serving as the official currency
in southern Iraq at that time.
ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money | Inflation rate
MSC: Interpretive
47. M1 equals currency plus demand deposits plus
a.nothing else.
b.other checkable deposits.
c.traveler's checks plus other checkable deposits.
d.traveler's checks plus other checkable deposits plus savings deposits.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
48. M1 includes
a.currency.
b.demand deposits.
c.travelers' checks.
d.All of the above are correct.
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
1968 Chapter 29 /The Monetary System
49. Which of the following is not included in M1?
a.currency
b.demand deposits
c.savings deposits
d.travelers' checks
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
50. Which of the following is not included in M1?
a.currency
b.demand deposits
c.traveler’s checks
d.credit cards
ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
51. Which of the following is included in M2 but not in M1?
a.currency
b.demand deposits
c.savings deposits
d.All of the above are included in both M1 and M2.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money supply | Money supply MSC: Definitional
52. When we add up currency, demand deposits, other checkable deposits, and travelers checks, we get
a.the money supply, as universally defined by economists.
b.the totality of common stores of value in the United States.
c.M1.
d.M2.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
53. Which of the following is included in M2 but not in M1?
a.demand deposits
b.corporate bonds
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,rge time deposits
d.money market mutual funds
ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply MSC: Definitional
54. Which of the following is not included in either M1 or M2?
a.U.S. Treasury bills
b.small time deposits
c.demand deposits
d.money market mutual funds
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money supply | Money supply MSC: Definitional
Chapter 29 /The Monetary System 1969
55. Which of the following items is included in the M2 definition of the money supply?
a.credit cards
b.money market mutual funds
c.corporate bonds
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b112991636.html,rge time deposits
ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
56. Which of the following statements is correct?
a.All items that are included in M1 are included also in M2.
b.All items that are included in M2 are included also in M1.
c.Credit cards are included in both M1 and M2.
d.Savings deposits are included in both M1 and M2.
ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
57. Money market mutual funds are included in
a.M1 but not M2.
b.M1 and M2.
c.M2 but not M1.
d.neither M1 nor M2.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money
TOP: Money supply | Money supply MSC: Definitional
58. Demand deposits are a type of
a.checking account.
b.time deposit.
c.money market mutual fun
d.
d.savings deposit.
ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Demand deposits
MSC: Definitional
59. Demand deposits are included in
a.M1 but not M2.
b.M2 but not M1.
c.M1 and M2.
d.neither M1 nor M2.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
60. Travelers checks are included in
a.M1 but not M2.
b.M2 but not M1.
c.M1 and M2.
d.neither M1 nor M2.
ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 29-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The role of money TOP: Money supply
MSC: Definitional
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试管理学原理试题 课程代码：00054 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1.“管理是一种艺术”，这个命题强调的是（） A.管理的综合性 B.管理的实践性 C.管理的层次性 D.管理的具体性 2.“任何组织都必须以某种权力作为基础，才能实现目标，只有权力，才能变混乱为秩序。”反映这一观点的理论是（） A.泰勒的科学管理理论 B.巴纳德的社会合作理论 C.韦伯的行政组织理论 D.西蒙的决策理论 3.“人际关系学说”创建的基础是（） A.霍桑试验 B.技术分析 C.数学模型 D.权变学说 4.组织外部环境中，不确定性最高、对组织管理者挑战最大的环境是（） A.简单和稳定的环境 B.简单和动态的环境 C.复杂和动态的环境 D.复杂和稳定的环境 5.计划工作程序的第一步是（） A.确定目标 B.估量机会 C.编制预算 D.制订派生计划 6.某服装厂兼并一家纺织厂，此种战略形式属于（） A.水平一体化 B.前向一体化 C.后向一体化 D.水平多元化 7.传统的程序化决策制定中最普遍和最为盛行的技术是（） A.管理信息系统 B.组织结构 C.结构分析 D.惯例 8.汽车、家电的生产所采用的生产技术形式是（） A.单件或小批量生产技术 B.大批量或集中生产技术 C.连续流程性生产技术 D.非连续流程性生产技术 9.被称为“斯隆模型”的组织结构是（） A.直线型组织结构 B.职能型组织结构 C.事业部制组织结构 D.矩阵结构 10.下列不属于 ．．．分权制组织特点的是（） A.中下层有较多的决策权限 B.上级的控制较多 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 11.管理者所能进行的组织变革领域是（） A.结构 B.结构、技术 C.结构、技术、人员 D.结构、技术、人员、环境 12.人员配备指的是（） A.设计和维持一种有助于有效的集体活动的组织结构的活动过程 B.对管理者进行恰当而有效地选拔、培训和考评，以保证组织活动的正常进行 C.将若干工作任务组合起来构成一项完整的职位 D.对组织内每个成员的行为进行引导和施加影响的活动过程 13.法约尔认为对小型工业企业的领导人来说，最重要的能力是（） A.管理能力 B.技术能力 C.商业能力 D.财务能力
政治学原理 一、简述题（每题10分，共50分） 1.说明政治哲学和政治科学的主要区别 答：1）政治哲学研究主要运用先验的哲学思辩的方法，论证某些政治价值是值得追求的，并以这些价值为标准，对显示政治作出评价，并试图探求理想的政治生活方案。它以人类追求的政治价值为研究对象，以揭示政治的价值基础和根本原则。 2）政治科学研究主要运用经验的，科学的和实证的方法，对政治生活进行量化分析。 2.什么是政治参与？列举现代政治参与的主要方式 答：政治参与是普通公民通过各种合法方式参加政治生活，并影响政治体系的构成、运行方式、运行规则和政策过程的行为。 政治参与常见的方式有：1、政治投票。2、政治选举。3、政治结社。4、政治表达。5、政治接触之。6、政治冷漠。 3.说明理想主义与现实主义政治观的差异 答：理想主义与现实主义是两种不同的政治思维模式。 1、对人性的看法 理想主义：人性本善，至少可以通过修养达到善 现实主义：人性本恶，人有权欲，本性难改 2、对国家关系的看法 理想主义：国家间的利益能够调和，主张在道义和民主基础上建立公正的国际关系 现实主义：强调世界的竞争性，各国利益不可调和，国际关系只能以权力与利益为轴心 3、对国际法和国际组织的作用的看法 理想主义：极为看重国际法和国际组织，视之为维护国际秩序的唯一有效工具 现实主义：离开权力均势，国际组织就名存实亡 4、对社会和世界的看法 理想主义：强调研究社会和世界“应该如何”，对世界报以盲目乐观态度 现实主义：信奉实证原则，强调人类应当面对争斗的现实，不可陷入和谐的空想 5、对未来的看法 理想主义：认为未来的目标是实现普遍裁军和建立民主的世界政府 现实主义：未来受到人的利己主义的支配，实现世界和平的目标路途坎坷 理想主义重要特点之一是从道德和价值判断的角度看待一切。反映在世界政治中，理想主义从道德价值和合法规则的角度出发，探讨国际政治的行为标准，在对世界事务做出道德评价的基础上，致力研究国际政治体系中各国应当如何行动的问题。它以人类必将走向大同，世界必将走向和平的信念为前提，强调全球利益和国际合作。由于它对世界政治的看法并非建立在现实经验的分析之上，所以，也将被现实主义视为空想主义理论。 现实主义是最古老的国际政治理论，强调全力政治和国家利益。它将其全部理论建立在这样的假设之上：国家是国际和世界舞台上的主角，是一个拥有主权的自治实体。而且，民族主义的兴起和现代国家的产生，更使国家变成了一个统一的政治共同体，享有至高无上的权威。 4.简要概括政治社会化的含义 政治社会化就是社会成员在政治实践活动中逐步获取政治知识和能力，形成整治意识和立场的过程。它是社会成员与政治体系之间相互联系、相互影响的互动过程，是社会意识继承与创新的统一，是一个持续不断的过程。 5.概括说明政党的主要功能 答： 1、凝聚阶级的利益要求和政治意识。2、集合和发展阶级政治力量。3、影响和领导社会政治生活。4、培养本阶级的政治骨干分子。 5、影响国际政治和国际事务。 6.什么是联邦制？说明联邦制的主要特点 答：联邦制国家又称为联盟国家，一般由两个以上的政治实体结合组成。联邦制国家的特点在于： （1）国家具有最高立法、行政和司法机关，行使国家最高政治权力。 （2）国家有统一的宪法和基本法律，但是，在国家统一宪法和基本法律范围内，各联邦组成单位又有自己的宪法和法律； （3）国民既有联邦国籍，又有组成联邦单位的国籍； （4）在对外关系方面，联邦是国际政治中的主权国家，中央政府拥有外交权。 7.简要说明政治文化对于政治体系的作用 答：政治文化对既有政治体系起着维护和延续的作用,同时,政治文化的变化最终又可能带来现实政治制度和政治生活的变迁。政治文化作为政治体系的“软件”部分，一般与政治制度性结构安排相匹配。跨国性比较研究和现代化研究显示，传统社会与现代社会的差异不仅体现在制度安排方面，而且也体现在政治文化方面；民主政治制度的良好运转，需要以民主的政治文化为条件。 8.什么是政党制度？举例说明目前世界上存在的主要政党制度类型 答：政党制度是指由国家法律规定或在实际政治生活中形成的关于政党的社会政治地位、作用，执掌政权或参与政治的方式、方法、程序的制度性规定。 类型：1、资本主义国家政党制度：（1）两党制。（2）多党制（3）一党制。 2、社会主义国家政党制度：（1）无产阶级政党领导制。（2）无产阶级政党领导的多党合作制。
. . . . 《管理学原理》总复习与综合复习 一、基本概念 1、管理 是在特定的环境下，对组织所拥有的资源进行有效的计划、组织、领导和控制，以便 达到既定的组织目标的过程。 2、决策 是管理的基本要素。计划、组织、领导和控制都是管理的职能，而每项职能都要求做 出迅速且明确的决定，这些都是决策问题。 广义定义：人们为了实现目标，根据客观条件，通过调查和研究，在掌握大 量有关信息和经验的基础上，借助一定的方法和手段，从众多方案中选择一个最满意或合 理的方案并付诸实施的过程。 狭义的决策：为达到某个目标，从众多方案中选定一个满意方案的行为，也就是通常 所说的“决定” 、“拍板”、或“决断”。 3、保健因素 是指工作环境或条件相关的因素，由于这类因素带有预防性，只起保持人的积极性、 维持工作现状的作用。 4、控制 对组织各方面的活动给以监控，使组织实际运行状况与组织计划要求保持动 态适应的工作过程。这项工作由管理人员来做，并作为一项管理职能开展，通常称之为“管理控制” 。 5、反馈控制 把组织系统运行的结果返送到组织系统的输入端，与组织预定的计划标准进行比较，然 后找出实际与计划之间的差异，并采取措施纠正这种差异的一种控制方法。 6、管理幅度 管理幅度也称为管理宽度，指一个管理者直接管理下级人员的数目。 二、基本原理 1、决策的程序 要使决策有效就要遵循科学的决策程序，一般来说，决策的程序可以分为一下几个步 骤： （1）识别机会或诊断问题：问题是决策的起点，任何管理组织的进步、发展都是从发现 问题开始，然后做出变革而实现的。这里的问题是指应有的状况和实际之间的差距。 （2）确定决策目标：决策要求有明确而具体的决策目标。 （3）拟定备选方案：决策的基本含义是抉择，这就要求至少有两个以上的可行方案。可行性方案要具备 3 个条件，能够保证决策目标的实现，组织外部环境和内部条件都有可行性，具有排他性。 （4）分析评选备选方案：鉴定所有方案执行后可能产生的后果。要明智地评价备选方案，必须设法预测该方案执行后可能产生的后果，应尽量把所有可能都估计到。 专注专业
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附件五 武汉理工大学高等教育自学考试学业综合评价课程综合测验 武汉理工大学高等教育自学考试学业综合评价课程综合测验试 卷（期中□期末□） 姓名_______ 准考证号_____________ 专业____________ 课程适用_____年___月考期测验时间____年___月____日(上午、下午、晚上)测验得分__________ 阅卷人：___________ 满分１００分，考试时间１５０分钟。 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中 只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是( ) A.许诺原理 B.目标统一原理 C.责权利一致原理 D.命令一致原理 世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是( ) A.甘特 B.泰罗 C.维纳 D.穆登 3.管理控制工作的基本目的是( ) A.维持现状 B.打破现状 C.改变现状 D.实现创新 4.管理的主体是( ) A.企业家 B.全体员工 C.高层管理者 D.管理者 5.利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是( ) A.因果法 B.外推法 C.德尔菲法 D.头脑风暴法 6.一般认为管理过程学派的创始人是( ) A.泰罗 B.法约尔 C.韦伯 D.德鲁克 7.下列哪种组织结构又称为“斯隆模型”( ) A.多维立体结构 B.矩阵结构 C.职能型 D.事业部制 8.双因素理论中的双因素指的是( ) A.人和物的因素 B.信息与环境的因素 C.保健因素与激励因素 D.自然因素和社会因素
管理学原理题库考试试题及答案
（*题库均为研究生院出,答案为历年学长提供,仅供学员参考*）
一、名词解释 A 类 MA1 差别化 在满足顾客全部需求过程中，确定在哪些环节形成与竞争对手的差别，形成竞争优势。 MA2 动机 是在需要基础上产生的，引起和维持着个人行为，并将其导向一定目标的心理机制。 MA3 多种经营战略 多种经营又叫多角化经营战略，就是指把新产品开发经营与市场开拓相结合的一种经营战略。 在经营战略中与市场渗透、市场开拓、产品开发同属产品----市场战略，即与企业从事经营 的产品领域的配合有关的经营战略。多种经营是新产品和新市场相配合，即增加新产品和增 加新市场两者同时并进的战略。多种经营的理论基础是范围经济和分散风险。 MA4 非正式组织 所谓非正式组织，是两个或两个以上个人的无意识地体系化了的多种心理因素的系统。 MA5 风险管理 风险管理是对风险的识别，适应和处置。风险管理的目的是避免风险或使损失减至最小。 MA6 风险识别 即在损失风险刚出现或出现之前，就予以识别，一准确把握各种风险信号及其产生原因。 MA7 负强化 负强化又称消极强化，即利用强化物抑制不良行为重复出现的可能性。包括批评、惩罚、降 职降薪等。 MA8 个人惯性 个人惯性是指个人在长期的组织生活中形成的固定观念、准则和思维方式、工作习惯等。 MA9 管理
管理是组织中维持集体协作行为延续发展的有意识的协调行为。管理行为是一种分解和综合、 协调其他行为的一般职能，是组织的一部分职能，是组织的特殊器官，离开组织或协作行为，
不存在管理。管理的实质是协调，围绕共同目标，解决矛盾、协调力量，形成一致。 MA10 管理制度 是对企业管理各基本方面规定活动框架，调节集体协作行为的制度。管理制度是比企业基本 制度层次略低的制度规范。它是用来约束集体性行为的成体系的活动和行为规范，主要针对 集体而非个人。 MA11 激励 所谓激励，是指人类活动的一种内心状态，它具有激发和加强动机，推动并引导行为使之朝 向预定目标的作用。一般认为，一切内心要争取的条件一欲求、需要、希望、动力等都构成 人的激励。激励与人的行为呈正相关关系。激励在企业管理中具有多方面的重要功能：有助 于激发和调动职工的工作积极性；有助于将职工的个人目标导向现实企业目的轨道；有助于 增强企业的凝聚力。 MA12 计划 计划是事先对未来应采取的行动所做的规范和安排。计划工作贯穿企业经营管理全过程 MA13 技术规范 技术规范是涉及某些技术标准、技术规程的规定。它反映生产和流通过程中客观事物的内在 技术要求、科学性和规律性，是经济活动中心须予以尊重的。P163
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政治参与的作用是什么？（1）政治参与有助于促进政治民主发展；（2）政治参与有助于经济发展，政治参与能够加强政府或执政党推进经济增长政策的力量；（3）政治参与有助于实现社会公平，政治参与是人民群众表达愿望的过程，它有助于使社会利益分配的政策向符合人民利益的方向发展，并还有助于推动社会福利事业。现代国家的选举原则是什么？（1）普遍选举原则；（2）平等选举原则；（3）直接选举和间接选举原则；（4）秘密投票原则。儒、法、道、墨政治学说的主要内容是什么？（1）儒家政治学说以“礼治”和“德治”为主要内容，其核心是“仁政”，主张为政以德，修己治人，即，以道德教化、修身养性来实行统治，反对以苛政、刑律治天下；（2）法家则反其道而行之，强调“法”、“术”、“势”为核心的政治观，主张以明令显法和统治术来驾驭人民。儒家和法家的主张分别形成了中国历史上 的“王道”和“霸道”。（3）道家的政治学说以“法自然”为思想核心，在统治手法上强调“无为而治”；（4）墨子的政治学说则以“兼爱”、“非攻”为中心，主张以缓和社会矛盾来维持统治。政党区别于一般社会组织和利益集团的特性是什么？（1）政党的目标是通过竞取政府职位而赢得政府权力；（2）政党是一个拥有正式会员的较为稳定的组织机构；（3）政党对政府政策的每一个问题都给以广泛的关注；（4）政党以一定程度的共同政治偏好和意识形态为基础。 马克思主义政治观的基本内容是什么？（1）政治是一种具有公共性的社会关系；（2）政治是经济的集中体现；（3）政治的根本问题是政治权力，也就是国家政权问题；（4）政治是有规律的社会现象，是科学，也是艺术。为什么现代化过程中容易出现政治不稳定？（1）现代化过程中的利益冲突加剧，导致政治不稳定。（2）新旧价值观念的冲突。（3）人们的社会期望以及参与意识的提高而导致政治不稳定。（4）政府的执行危机。 （5）此外，对于那些后期现代化国家来说，由于国际势力的影响也往往造成了很大的不稳定因素。 政治权力具有哪些特性？（1）权威性；（2）支配性，；（3）强制性；（4）扩张性；（5）排他性。 善治的精神是什么？（1）契约观念，契约观念的要素：第一，自愿；第二，一致同意；第三，责任性；第四，公开性或者说透明性。（2）效率精神，包括的内涵：第一，管理效率；第二，制度效率；第三，回应性。 经济发展如何促进政治民主化？1) 经济发展创造了一个庞大的中产阶级，这是民主的基础之一。2) 与中产阶级规模发展相伴随的是教育水平的提高。与上述两方面因素相联系，经济发展使人们逐步认识到自身利益并希望表达出来。公民自我意识和个人权力观念的形成，是要求制
管理学原理试题及答案1 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是( ) A.xx原理 B.目标统一原理 C.责权利一致原理 D.命令一致原理 2.20世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是( ) A.甘特 B.泰罗 C.维纳 D.穆登 3.管理控制工作的基本目的是( ) A.维持现状 B.打破现状 C.改变现状 D.实现创新 4.管理的主体是( ) A.企业家 B.全体员工 C.高层管理者 D.管理者 5.利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是( ) A.因果xx B.外推xx C.德尔菲xx D.头脑风暴xx 6.大凡认为管理过程学派的创始人是( )
A.泰罗 B.xx C.xx D.xx 7.下列哪种组织结构又称为“斯隆模型“( ) A.多维立体结构 B.矩阵结构 C.职能型 D.事业部制 8.双因素理论中的双因素指的是( ) A.人和物的因素 B.信息与环境的因素 C.保健因素与激励因素 D.自然因素和社会因素 9.利克特的管理模式认为，极有成就的管理者大凡采用的管理方法是( )A.利用-命令B.温柔-命令 C.集体参与 D.商议式 10.管理的核心是( ) A.决策 B.领导 C.激励 D.处理好人际关系 11.泰罗的科学管理理论出现在( ) A. 19世纪末20世纪初 B. 20世纪30年代 C. 20世纪40年代 D. 20世纪60年代 12.头脑风暴法属于( ) A.外推法 B.直观法 C.因果xx D.德尔菲xx 13.xx提出的激励理论认为( )
管理学原理试卷及答案 篇一：管理学原理期末考试试题及答案 一、名词解释（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分） 管理 目标管理 预测 决策 人员配备 激励 控制 二、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1．管理的性质不包括（） A.二重性 B.科学性 c.理论性D.艺术性 2．人们常说，身体是“三分治七分养”，对于这件事（） A．反馈控制比前馈控制更重要B．现场控制比反馈控制更重要c．反馈控制比现场控制更重要D．前馈控制比反馈控制更重要3．打电话请供应商来换一台同目前用坏的机器一样的设备，这是设备的简单替换问题，需要的管理技能主要是（）
A.概念技能和技术技能 B.人际技能和技术技能 c.技术技能D.人际技能和概念技能 4．差别计件工资制是（）的内容之一。 A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论 c．韦伯的行政管理理论D．现代管理理论 5．没有一个固定的信息中心，成员之间总是互相传递信息的是（） A．园型沟通B．y型沟通 c．全通道型沟通D．轮型沟通 6.根据计划的明确性，可以将计划分为（） A．长期计划、中期计划和短期计划B．战略性计划和战术性计划 c．具体性计划和指导性计划D．程序性计划和非程序性计划 7．（）是指企业在计划期内反映有预计现金收支、经营成果和财务状况的预算。 A．经营预算B．投资预算 c．财务预算D．成本预算 8．目标的制定要有一定的高度和难度，这体现了目标的（） A.差异性B．层次性 c.时间性D．先进性 9．某企业制造并销售单一成品，固定成本总额为60万元，产品售价为每件30元，单位变动成本为10元，该企业的盈亏平衡时的产
《政治学原理》历届试题及答案 试卷代号:2209 中央广播电视大学2006-2007学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试行政管理专业 政治学原理试题（2007年1月） 一、填空(每空1分，共6分) 1、政治制度化包括政治参与的制度化、（）的制度化两个基本方面的容。 2、政党就是指人们为了通过（）或其他手段赢得政府权力而组织的政治团体。 3、政治（）主要指政治秩序或体系丧失其合法性的情况。 4、国家的三要素说，认为具有（）、土地、主权者即为国家。 5、古典观以（）为蓝本，把视为人民当家作主的权力，提倡人民参与国家事务的决策和管理。 6、柏拉图在《理想国》一书中明确指出，政治的本质在于（），一个“理想国”具有智慧、勇敢、节制和正义四种美德。 二、选择题(每题至少有一个答案，多选少选均不能得分。每题2分，共20分) 1、根据政治学的一般分析原理，非政府政治体系由()组成。 A.个体公民 B.社团 C.政党 D.市民社会 2、一般来讲，社会监督的途径和方式主要包括() A.舆论监督 B.公民监督 C.政党监督 D.社会团体监督 3、（）精辟地论述道:“一切有权力的人都容易滥用权力，这是万古不易的一条经验。有权力的人们使用权力一直遇有界限的地方才休止。……要防止滥用权力，就必须以权力约束权力。” A.密尔 C.卢梭 B.孟德斯鸠 D.托克维尔 4、（）是政府的灵魂。 A.权威性 B.有机组织性 C.阶级性 D.公共性 5、英国政府一直在()的轮流执掌之下。 A.保守党 B.党 C.党 D.工党 6、的限度包括()。 A.以不产生多数人对少数人的暴政为限度 B.以不干涉政党活动为限度 C.以不干涉社会自主为限度 D.以不侵人“私人领域”为限度 7、马克思主义认为()是奴隶制和封建制国家的典型政体形式。 A.专制君主制 B.立宪君主制 C.二元君主制 D.寡头制 8、()是得以保障和保存的基础性权利。 A.弹劾权 B.选举权 C.罢免权 D.质询权 9、概括而言，政党的功能和作用主要体现在()。 A.实现社会化和政治动员的途径 B.组织政府的手段 C.实现利益聚集和表达的途径 D.形成和培养政治精英的渠道
管理学原理第九章测试题 一、单项选择题 1.某项职位或某部门所拥有的包括作出决策、发布命令等的权力称为（） A.直线职权 B.参谋职权 C.职能职权 D.职能--参谋职权 2.在参谋的形式中，“智囊团”或“顾问班子”属于（） A.个人参谋 B.专业参谋 C.职权参谋 D.职务参谋 3.一般认为，限制职能职权的使用所得常常是（） A.小于所失 B.大于所失 C.与所失相抵 D.与所失无关 4.某公司财务经理授权会计科长管理应付款，会计科长由于太忙，不能亲自处理，便授权属下一位会计负责此事。会计科长对应付款的管理（） A.不再负有责任 B.责任与原来相同 C.责任减轻 D.不再负有主要责任 5.职权的组织中，是集中还是分散，不是职权的（） A.大小问题 B.高度问题 C.种类问题 D.控制问题 6.一般来说，集权或分权的程度，常常根据各管理层次拥有的（）的情况来确定。 A.领导权 B.决策权 C.计划权 D.组织权 7.以下几种做法中，哪一种最能说明该组织所采取的是较为分权的做法？（） A.采取了多种有利于提高员工个人能力的做法 B.努力使上层领导集中精力于高层管理 C.更多、较为重要的决定可由较低层次的管理人员做出 D.采取积极措施减轻上级领导的工作负担 8.下列不属于分权制组织特点的是（ ) A.中下层有较多的决策权限 B.上级的控制较多 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 二、多项选择题 1.集权程度高的特征包括（） A.基层决策数目很少 B.低一级的管理层次做出决策时不需请示 C.下级做出的决策无关紧要 D.决策前，必须请示上级 E.决策后，必须呈报上级领导作出审批 2.分权制就是把管理权限适当分散在组织的中下层，其特点包括（） A.中下层有较多的决策权 B.上级的控制较少 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 E.决策前后要经过上级审核 3.影响集权与分权的因素包括（） A.决策的重要性 B.组织的规模 C.组织的历史 D.最高主管的人生观 E.手段 4.个人管理的优点包括（） A.责任明确 B.行动迅速 C.集思广益 D.效率较高 E.职责分离 5.董事会的主要职能有（） A.挑选总经理 B.决定利润分配 C.制定预算 D.决定公司目标 E.批准预算 三、名词解释题 1.授权 2.活性化 3.委员会管理 四、简答题 1.组织内的直线职权、参谋职权、职能职权的区别。 2.简述进行有效地授权时，管理者应当遵循的要求。
管理学原理试题及参考答案 一、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 1.如果生产专用性高，企业既难以( )，也难以( )。 2.量本利计算的基本公式是( )。 3.经营计划的重点是以提高经济效益为中心，重点是( )，范围是( )。 4.组织机构设计是在管理分工的基础上，设计出( )和( )。 5.不论哪一个层次的领导都应具备四方面的能力，它们是人际关系技能、( )、( )和技术技能。 6.激励的“公平理论”中“贡献律”的公式是( )。 二、单项选择题(每小题1分，共20分) 1.中国古代管理思想“法治”中的“常法”是指 A.要保持法的稳定性 B.要制定统一的法律 C.法律面前人人平等 D.要使法律固定不变 2.美国学者肯尼迪和迪尔认为，企业文化除了价值观、英雄人物、文化网络因素外，还包括 A.组织结构 B.领导方式 C.礼仪和庆典 D.企业行为 3.在管理学中，定义为“影响力”的权力除“专长权”和“个人影响权”外，还包括 A.随机处置权 B.制度权 C.奖惩权 D.任免权 4.持续控制的方法包括有自我控制、集体控制和 A.管理信息系统 B.预算控制 C.政策程序控制 D.个人观察 5.群体的发展一般经历四个明显的阶段，它们是 A.初创、动荡、有序、衰亡 B.形成、动荡、规范、表现 C.形成、有序、规范、成熟 D.形成、动荡、规范、成熟 6.所谓的“火炉法则”包括以下步骤 A.预先警告、即时处理、违者必究、普适执行 B.预先警告、即时处理、相同后果、普适执行 C.预先警告、身为表率、即时处理、相同后果 D.预先警告、身为表率、即时处理、普适执行 7.环境研究对组织决策有着非常重要的影响，具体表现在可以提高组织决策的 A.有效性、及时性、稳定性 B.前瞻性、有效性、稳定性 C.正确性、及时性、稳定性 D.有效性、正确性、及时性 8.从组织外部招聘管理人员可以带来“外来优势”是指被聘干部 A.没有历史包袱 B.能为组织带来新鲜空气 C.可以迅速开展工作 D.具有广告效应 9.人员配备的工作包括
政治学原理试题12 一、单选题(在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，只有一个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入题干的括号内。 多选不给分。每题1分，共17分) 1、两次世界大战之间，西方政治学研究的主要问题是………………………………………………………………………（） ①国家②权力③政策④法律 2、集欧洲中世纪神权思想之大成的人是………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①奥古斯丁②斯宾诺莎③托马斯·阿奎那④格老秀斯 3、国家产生的最纯粹、最典型的形式是………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①雅典国家②罗马国家③德意志国家④印度国家 4、人类社会的基本矛盾在资本主义社会具体表现为的矛盾…………………………………………………………………（） ①无产阶级与资产阶级②经济基础与上层建筑③和产关系与生产力④生产的社会化与生产资料私人占有 5、社会主义民族问题的性质属于………………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①民族矛盾②敌我矛盾③阶级矛盾④人民内部矛盾 6、列宁在《国家与革命》中说的“半国家”是指……………………………………………………………………………（） ①资本主义国家②社会主义国家③帝国主义国家④福利国家 7、资产阶级民族主义的实质是来看待和处理民族问题。……………………………………………………………………（） ①民族大融合的观点②民族自决权原则③资产阶级利益为核心④民族同化的原则 8、从13世纪末起，欧洲大部分国家先后实行过等级君主制，其中以最为典型。…………………………………………（） ①德国②西班牙③法国④葡萄牙 9、在政治体系内部，处个机构、组织的活动都要围绕进行。………………………………………………………………（） ①国家机构②政党③领袖人物④利益集团 10、我国国家元首职权由国家主席和共同行使………………………………………………………………………………（） ①国务院②全国人大常委会③全国政协④中央政治局 11、美国参议院议员是由………………………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①总统任命②行政官员兼任③选民间接选举产生④选民直接选举产生 12、党的领导的核心是……………………………………………………………………………………………………
管理学原理期末考试A卷 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸” 的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1．管理的主体是（） A．员工B．管理工作 C．组织D．管理者 2．在个人道德发展阶段中，个人已做出明确的努力，摆脱其所属团体或社会权威，确定自己的道德准则，这属于（） A．前惯例阶段B．惯例阶段 C．后惯例阶段D．原则阶段 3．陈述“企业是干什么的”和“应该干什么”是指企业的（） A．使命B．目标 C．政策D．程序 4．计划工作的真正起点是（） A．确定目标B．估量机会 C．确定前提条件D．确定可供选择的方案 5．企业利用过去的资料预测未来状态的方法是（） A．外推法B．内推法 C．因果法D．直观法 6．“l+1>2”体现了系统特性中的（） A．目的性B．整体性 C．开放性D．交换性 7．被后人尊称为“管理过程理论之父”的是（） A．法约尔B．韦伯 C．泰罗D．梅奥 8．通过分析、比较和研究各种各样成功和失败的管理经验，抽象出管理的一般性的结论或原理的是哪一个学派的观点（） A．社会合作学派B．经验或案例学派 C．决策学派D．权变学派 9．在决策或处理问题时，组织用来指导和沟通思想、行动的方针和明文规定是（）A．使命B．战略 C．政策D．程序 10．随着企业实力的增强，某家电生产企业将其经营业务扩展到医药、金融、餐饮等领域，这种做法属于（） A．集中多元化B．横向多元化 C．同心多元化D．混合多元化 11．“确立一种正式的、用来协调各种活动和任务的框架，以便明确人们在其中各自所扮演的角色和所起的作用。”这属于管理的哪项职能（） A．计划B．组织 C．领导D．控制 12．下列不属于 战略管理特点的是（） ．．． A．系统性B．长远预见性
2017管理学原理试题及答案 2017管理学原理试题及答案一、名词解释 1、管理 管理是一个过程，是让别人与自己一同去实现既定的目标，是一切有组织的集体活动所不可缺少的要素。 2、保健因素 赫茨伯格通过调查发现人们对诸如本组织的政策和管理、监督、工作条件、人际关系、薪金、地位、职业安定以及个人生活所需等等，如果得到则没有不满，得不到则产生不满，他把这类因素称为”保健因素”。 3、反馈控制： 这类控制主要是分析工作的执行结果，将它与控制标准相比较，发现已经发生或即将出现的偏差，分析其原因和对未来的可能影响，及时拟定纠正措施并予以实施，以防止偏差继续发生或防止其今后再度发生。 4、命令一致 原理命令一致原理，是指主管人员在实现目标过程中下达的各种命令越是一致，个人在执行命令中发生矛盾就越小，领导与被领导双方对最终成果的责任感也就越大。 5、商议式的管理方 法利克特的四种管理方法中的一种。主管人员在做决策时征求、接受和采用下属建议;试图去酌情利用下属的想法
与意见，运用奖赏并偶尔兼作处罚的办法让职工参与管理。 二、单项选择题 1、下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是(c ) A、许诺原理 B、目标统一原理 C、责权利一致原理 D、命令一致原理 2、20世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是(A ) A、甘特 B、泰罗 C、维纳 D、穆登 3、管理控制工作的基本目的是(A ) A、维持现状 B、打破现状 C、改变现状 D、实现创新 4、管理的主体是(D ) A、企业家 B、全体员工 C、高层管理者 D、管理者 5、利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是(B ) A、因果法 B、外推法 C、德尔菲法 D、头脑风暴法 6、一般认为管理过程学派的创始人是(D ) A、泰罗 B、法约尔 C、韦伯 D、德鲁克 7、下列哪种组织结构又称为”斯隆模型”( D) A、多维立体结构 B、矩阵结构
政治学原理试题 班级：学号：姓名： 一、选择题（每题．2分，共20分，每题至少有一个答案．多选少选均不能得分） 1．政治学名著《政治学》的作者是( )。 A．亚里士多德 B．柏拉图 C．苏哥拉底 D．’西塞罗 2．( )是多党制的典型国家。 A.法国 B．美国 c．日本 D．意大利 3．梁启超认为君主专制政体、君主立宪政体和民主宪政政体代表政体的进化方向，通过改良途径建立( )是中国未来政治的发展方向。 A．君主专制政体 B．君主立宪政体 C。民主宪政政体 D．共和政体 4．( )认为，在确立各种规则时，必须要征得参与者的同意，所谓“同意限定公正”。 A．布坎南 B．哈耶克 C．罗尔斯 D．诺齐克 5．一般来讲，( )只有在民主社会和宪政国家中才能存在和实现。 A．社会监督 B．政治监 C．以权力制约权力的监督 D．政府监督 6．政治学研究最常见、最传统的方法是( )。 A．制度研究途径 B．权力研究途径 C政策过程研究途径D．政治功能研究途径 7．( )方案是“法治”社会的政治设计思路。 A．科学主义 B．经验主 C．现实主义 D．理想主义 8．美国政治学家科恩提出民主政治需要具备的物质条件是( )。 A．地理条件 B．经济条件 C平等和福利 D．设施条件 9．意大利马克思主义政治理论家( )在分析西方资本主义国家特点的时候指 出，国家统治=暴力十文化领导权，其中，拥有文化领导权使其政治统治合理化。 A．哈贝马斯 B．伯恩斯坦 C马佐尼 D．葛兰西 10．精英民主理论所指的精英是指( )上最优秀的人物，他们是与普通大众相 对应的一个群体。 A．文化 B．经济 C政治 D．道德 二、填空（每空1分，共6分） 11．西方现代政治学的经济学研究方法把政治生活中的个人看作是_ 他们遵循着个人利益最大化原则进行政治活动。 12. 被认为是近代西方政治科学的奠基人。 13.民主的基础与前提是倡导和个人独立。 14.韩非指出，政治就是，“先王所期者利也，所用者力也”。
一、判断题（每题2分，不答不得分，答错倒扣2分，总分10分） 1、如果事先制定的计划非常详细周到，下属对计划的目的和要求很明确，那么有效的管理幅度会偏大。（√） 2、计划作为企业战略形成阶段的基本阶段，对此后企业战略实施的成败与战略控制的有效性至关重要。（√） 3、目标管理是“参与管理”的一种，它既强调工作成果，又重视人的作用，强调职工群众自主参与目标的制定、实施和评价。（√） 4、因为人们很难获得最优决策，只能接受满意决策，而满意决策完全取决于决策者的主观判断，所以结果往往是"走一步，看一步，摸着石头过河。（√） 5、经验决策主要根据决策者的经验、智慧、直觉等定性因数来作出。而科学决策不同于经验决策，它主要根据统计数据、数学模型、计算机模拟等定量因数来作出。因此，科学决策比经验决策更合理、更实用、更有效。（×） 二、单选题（每题3分，共30分） 1、各种方案所需的条件已知且知道每一方案各种后果发生概率的决策是（C）。 A、程序化决策 B、确定型决策 C、风险型决策 D、不确定型决策 2、对未来持悲观态度、比较谨慎的决策者在进行不确定型决策时，一般采取（ A）。 A、小中取大法 B、大中取大法 C、小中取小法 D、大中取小法 3、某企业集团拟资开发新产品，现有两个方案，假定其开发费用相同。开发甲产品，现有两个方案，假定其开发费用相同。开发甲产品，估计投产后，市场竞争不激烈时每年可获得150万元，市场竞争激烈时每年亏损50万元。开发乙产品，估计投产后无论市场竞争激烈与否，每年均可获利70万元。根据预测，这两种拟开发的产品投产后，出现市场竞争不激烈情况的概率为0.6，出现市场竞争激烈情况的概率为0.4。如果只能在这两个方案中选一个，你的评价是什么（ B ）。 A、开发甲产品比开发乙产品好 B、开发乙产品比开发甲产品好 C、开发甲产品与开发乙产品没什么差别 D、根据以上资料尚无法下结论
管理学原理试题库 《管理学原理》测试题（一） 一、名词解释 1.例外管理原则 2.需要层次理论 二、单项选择题 1.企业管理应随机而变，不存在普遍适用的最好的技术和方法是（）的观点。 A.社会系统学派 B.经验主义学派 C.权变学派 D.管理科学学派 2.某公司经理被批评“管理得太多，而领导得太少”。该经理在工作中的主要问题是（）。 A.未对人的因素给予足够的关心 B.未对任务的完成给予应有的重视 C.把太多的时间花在亲自处理各种事情上，没有做好对下级的授权工作 D.很可能同时存在A与C两方面的问题 3.一家用器械制造商以往从未向美国大型百货店提供过产品，最近却与希尔斯百货公司签订了一份三年期合同，将其洗衣机产品40%的生产量集中出售给希尔斯公司。这一行动使该制造商的经营环境发生了何种变化（） A.环境复杂性降低 B.环境复杂性升高 C.环境动态性降低 D.环境动态性升高 4.某君到一百货商店考察，随阅了其规章制度手册，有三条特别引起他的注意：（1）我们只售高贵时髦的衣服和各种高级用具。（2）货物售出超过30天，不再退还购货款。（3）在退
还顾客购货款前，营业员需注意检查退回的货物，然后取得楼层经理的批准。试问这三条规定各自是属于常用计划的哪一种形式（） A.都是规则 B. 都是政策 C.分别是政策、程序、规则 D.分别是政策、规则、程序 5.古人云：“运筹于帷幄之中，决胜于千里之外”。这里的“运筹帷幄”反映了管理的哪一个职能（） A.计划职能 B.组织职能 C.领导职能 D.控制职能 6.你正面临是否购买某种奖券的决策。你知道每张奖券的售价以及该期共发行奖券的总数、奖项和相应的奖金额。在这样的情况下，该决策的类型是什么 A.确定型决策 B.风险型决策 C.不确定型决策 D.冒险决策 7.人际、概念技能和技术技能是合格的管理者必备的三项基本技能，但在三者组合比例上，不同层次的管理者就各不相同。试根据下表中的数据，标明左栏中相应的管理层次是什么。( )
注：装订线内禁止答题，装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。 东北农业大学成人教育学院考试题签 管理学原理（A） 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1.“确立一种正式的、用来协调各种活动和任务的框架，以便明确人们在其中各自所扮演的角色和所起的作用。”这属于管理的哪项职能? （） A．计划 B．组织 C．领导 D．控制 2.下列不属于战略管理特点的是（） A．系统性 B．长远预见性 C．对外抗争性 D．不变性 3.随着市场的发展，电子产品、计算机软件的更新换代越来越快，这些行业所处环境的不确定性也越来越高，这说明该类型行业所处环境倾向于（） A．简单稳定 B．复杂稳定 C．简单动态 D．复杂动态 4.分清事物的主要矛盾与次要矛盾，强调抓主要矛盾，类同于计划工作中的（） A．限定因素原理 B．许诺原理 C．灵活性原理 D．改变航道原理 5.某公司一直将中原地区作为其重要的销售市场，今年计划继续增加广告投入，以提高现有产品在现有市场的占有率，这种做法属于（） A．市场开发 B．市场渗透 C．前向一体化 D．后向一体化 6.军队中连、排、班是最原始、简单的部门划分，其依据的是（） A．职能 B．时间 C．人数 D．地区 7.依照“安东尼结构”，制定组织目标和大政方针的层次是（） A．战略决策层 B．运行管理层 C．执行管理层 D．战术计划层 8.“集中政策，分散经营”是下列哪种组织结构的特征? （） A．直线制 B．职能制 C．事业部制 D．矩阵制 9.下列不属于董事会职能的是（） A．制定公司发展目标 B．挑选总经理 C．确定产品采购计划 D．决定利润分配 10.下列选项中对“百万机会缺陷数(DPMO)”表述错误的是（） A．它是一个衡量质量的通用指标 B．缺陷是指所有导致顾客不满的情况 C．它是一个比率 D．6西格玛的质量水平对应的DPMO为2.4 11．“倘若要所用的人没有短处，其结果至多只是一个平平凡凡的组织。”这句话强调的（） A．职务要求明确原理 B．用人之长原理
科目编号： 座号： 甘肃电大职业技术学院2011年6月期末考试 2010 级 行政管理 专业 《政治学原理》试卷A 核分人签名 一、单项选择（每题2分，计20分） 1．( )是使市民社会与国家政治相联系的基本途径. A 选举 B 监督 C 集会 D 游行 2 .理想主义途径认为民主的首要价值在于( ). A 权威 B 平等 C 自由 D 自治 3. 在当代,政治发展主要指政治的( )过程. A 现代化 B 开明化 C 清明化 D 法制化 4. 共产党组织被认为是( )政党的典型. A 核心会议型 B 支部型 C 单位化 D 代表性 5. ( )是一国国民长期形成的相对稳定的对于生活其中的政治体系和所承 担政治角色的认知,情感和态度,它与政府,政治组织等制度性结构相对应,成为政治体系的主观要素. A 民意 B 政治思想 C 公众舆论 D 政治文化 6. 一般来讲,( )只有在民主社会和宪政国家中才能存在和实现. A 社会监督 B 政治监督 C 以权力制约权力的监督 D 政府监督 7. 从广义上看,政治文明主要是指公共领域里的( ),它意味着人们之间 的普遍合作. A 政治稳定 B 政治一致 C 政治秩序 D 政治共识 8. 孙中山先生是( )政治观的代表人物. A 管理 B 神权 C 道德 D 权力 9. ( )是天生的民主派.他们崇尚自由,反对干涉;主张合作双赢,反对你 死我活;倾向中道温和,反对极端和突变等.他们希望改革权威主义政治,而
不是革命推翻这种政治. A 工人阶级 B 中产阶级 C 资产阶级 D 小资产阶级 10. ( )观念意味着政府在治理过程中不是一个权威的身份参与治理,而是 与其他团体,公民平等的身份去参与,与它们协商合作,共同治理. A 善治 B 服务 C 契约 D 平等 二、名词解释（每小题5分，计20分） 1.政治态度 2.治理 3.议会君主制 4.权力 三、填空题（每空2分，计14分） 1. 中华人民共和国的________ 制度是公民自由权利的体现. 2. 东方传统的政治学,以中国传统政治为代表,是一种_________的政治学. 3. 政治秩序最关键的核心是_________. 4. 实行一党制的国家有两种类型,一种是________ 国家,另一种是民族主义
一、名词解释（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分） 管理 目标管理 预测 决策 人员配备 激励 控制 二、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1．管理的性质不包括（） A.二重性 B.科学性 C.理论性 D.艺术性 2．人们常说，身体是“三分治七分养”，对于这件事（） A．反馈控制比前馈控制更重要B．现场控制比反馈控制更重要 C．反馈控制比现场控制更重要D．前馈控制比反馈控制更重要 3．打电话请供应商来换一台同目前用坏的机器一样的设备，这是设备的简单替换问题，需要的管理技能主要是（） A. 概念技能和技术技能 B.人际技能和技术技能 C.技术技能 D.人际技能和概念技能 4．差别计件工资制是（）的内容之一。 A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论 C．韦伯的行政管理理论D．现代管理理论 5．没有一个固定的信息中心，成员之间总是互相传递信息的是（） A．园型沟通B．Y型沟通 C．全通道型沟通D．轮型沟通 6. 根据计划的明确性，可以将计划分为（） A．长期计划、中期计划和短期计划B．战略性计划和战术性计划 C．具体性计划和指导性计划D．程序性计划和非程序性计划
7．（）是指企业在计划期内反映有预计现金收支、经营成果和财务状况的预算。 A．经营预算B．投资预算 C．财务预算D．成本预算 8．目标的制定要有一定的高度和难度，这体现了目标的（） A. 差异性B．层次性 C. 时间性D．先进性 9．某企业制造并销售单一成品，固定成本总额为60万元，产品售价为每件30元，单位变动成本为10元，该企业的盈亏平衡时的产量为（） A. 3000 B．2000 C. 30000 D．20000 10．按照决策的主体，可以将决策分为（） A. 长期决策和短期决策B．个体决策和群体决策 C. 程序化和非程序化决策D．确定型、风险型和不确定型决策 11．下列关于管理幅度与管理层次的描述正确的是（） A．管理幅度与管理层次共同决定组织规模 B. 为了保证管理效果，管理幅度越大越好 C．当组织规模一定时，管理幅度与管理规模成正比关系 D.管理幅度越窄，管理层次就越多，组织结构就呈扁平型 12．如何留住人才、减少人才的流失、发挥人才优势，这体现的是领导艺术中的（） A．授权艺术B．决策艺术 C．用人艺术D．创新艺术 13．对应试者进行全面的考核和考察，避免以偏概全，这是指人员招聘和选拔原则中的（） A．全面考核原则B．公开招聘原则 C．择优录取原则D．公平竞争原则 14．一个企业的精神文化是指（） A．厂容厂貌B．职工风貌 C．沉淀于企业职工心里的意识形态D．产品形象 15．领导生命周期理论是（）的典型代表 A．领导特质理论B．领导行为理论