大学英语句子翻译要点点拨
杨廷君
（宁波大学外语学院浙江宁波 315211）
改革后的大学英语四、六级试题增设了句子翻译，要求考生在五分钟之内将五个句子中的汉语翻译成英语。该试题占的分数比例不大，但测试了学生真实的语言运用能力。为了做好翻译试题，下面几点值得注意。
1、句子的完整问题
句子的完整问题主要涉及主语。汉语是隐性结构，英语是显性结构，也就是说，汉语的主语可以不用表达出来，但根据上下文，读者一眼就知道句子的主语是什么；而英语就不同了，除了少数省略句，句子的主语是不可缺少的。例如，翻译句子“只要还有希求，我就有活着的理由，满足就是死亡。”中，我们根据下文知道“只要还有希求”的主语是谁，而将整个句子翻译成汉语就是：As long as I have a want, I have a reason for living. Satisfaction is death.
再如句子“不论多么成功，人们都将继续面对困难”的译文同样根据后文将主语明确表达出来：
No matter how successful they become, people will continue to face difficulties.
2、动词形式和处理方式问题
动词形式和处理方式问题主要涉及该使用哪种非谓语动词形式和出现在主语位置上的动词。翻译时，只要看见动词就要作出判断，该用谓语动词形式呢还是其它形式。例如句子“确立目标是取得成功的第一步”中，“确定目标”这个动宾结构是主语，翻译时就得使用非谓语形式，译为Setting goals is the first step in achieving success.再如句子“将事物分类就是根据一定得计划把它们分组或排序”的主语为“将事物分类”，翻译成英语时我们就得使用非谓语形式，可以译为：To classify things is to arrange them in groups or sequences according to a plan.
由于动词非谓语结构的句法功能多，出现在主语位置上的动词这样处理，出现在其它位置上的也应根据实际需要做相应处理。比如句子“变化要求采取正确的行动”中，动宾结构“采取行动”作“要求”的宾语，翻译成英语全句为Change requires taking the right action.
另外，除了将汉语的动宾结构处理为非谓语结构外，我们还可以借助于英语的词类转换，将动宾结构翻译成“名词1＋介词＋名词2”结构。例如句子“事情无论大小，注意细节对于成功至关重要”就可以翻译成：Whether it is a great matter or a small one, attention to details is vital to success.
3、时态照应问题
学生翻译时很容易犯的一个低级错误就是忽视前后时态的照应，表面上看将“虽然他非常痛恨过去”翻译成much he hates the past绝对没有问题，但是，如果后面分句是he wrote two books documenting his five-year prison experience.，那情况就不同了，因为单词wrote明确限定了时间，所以，hates 就应该改为hated，这就是时态照应。再如:
The researchers concluded that the more time children spend watching television, ________（他们的学习成绩越差）.
“他们的学习成绩越差”可以翻译成the poorer they perform academically，问题是前一个分句有两个动词：concluded和spend，后一个分句的动词perform该与concluded保持一致，还是与spend保持一致呢？稍加分析，我们发现The researchers concluded为主句，that引出宾语从句，分句the poorer they perform academically与the more time children spend watching television 构成比例句，也就是说动词perform与动词spend联系紧密，所以使用一般现在时。
值得一提的是，虚拟语气是英语的一大难点，也是测试机率高的语言点。对虚拟语气的测试自然是时态。使用be型虚拟语气还是were型虚拟语气就涉及时态照应问题。如果出现这样的试题：________（要不是因为我生病了），I would have lent him a helping hand.
译文自然是Had it not been for my illness，因为根据一般的照应规则，与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，从句使用“had＋动词过去分词”，主句使用“would/could/might/should＋现在完成体”。
4、语态问题
翻译时的语态问题包括谓语动词的被动语态，也包括非谓语动词的被动结构。关键问题是汉语使用被动语态的机率远小于英语，换句话说，从结构标志上看，汉语是主动语态的地方，翻译成英语时需要使用被动结构，尤其时那些无主句子，翻译成英语时多半使用被动结构。例如：
通常六点半开灯。The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.
为这事已经拨了大笔款项。A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.
有时，为了行文的需要，在句中不便更换主语或宾语，于是，我们就使用被动结构。请看非谓语结构中的情况：
当有人向他提起那封信时，他感到很尴尬。→He found it very embarrassing to be reminded of that letter.
有些书宜浅尝；有些书宜狼吞；有些则宜细嚼之后消化之。→ Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some fewer to be chewed and digested.
老板的车在修理，他坐地铁到的办公室。→ With the car being repaired, the boss went to his office by subway.
5、平行结构问题
英语中的平行结构具有极强的表达能力。平行部分可以是单词，也可以词组和句子，还可以是段落。请看：
多观察、多磨砺、多研究是治学的三大支柱。→Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning. （词组平行）
珍视自己的昨天，向往自己的明天，但要过好自己的今天。Cherish your yesterday; dream your tomorrow; but live your today.（句子平行）
使用平行结构时，一定要保证平行部分的结构对等，是名词词组，都使用名词词组，是不定式，都使用不定式。在改革后的试题中，尤其要注意or, either…or, not only…but also, not…but, rather than等连接的平行结构。例如：
看到人们物质丰富，而精神匮乏，这是一种遗憾。→It is a pity to find people rich in goods, but poor in spirit.（rich in goods与poor in spirit构成对比）
显然，科学不仅涉及仔细的观察也涉及创造的愿望。→ Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative.
他或是在伦敦或是在巴黎。→ He is either in London or in Paris.
6、语序问题
句子翻译中的语序问题主要涉及倒装结构，尤其是以下几种情况：
1）only修饰状语位于句首
只有晚上和周末努力工作，他才能在期限签完成报告。→Only by working hard at evenings and weekends is he able to complete the report.
她回家时他才知道这消息。→ Only when she came home did he learn the news.
2）否定词或带有否定含义的词语位于句首
他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。→Not only did they present
a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of
Western brass instruments.
我不再因为得不到生活中的美好事物而诅咒世界。→No longer do I curse at the world for my lack of the good things in life.
一个不相信自己的人很少能获得成功。→Rarely does a person succeed when he does not believe in himself.
她建议他们去澳大利亚度假，他是绝对不会反对的。→Under no circumstances will he object to her proposal that they take a vacation to Australia together.
3）关联连词so…that中的so位于句首
他的样子滑稽可笑，人人都盯着看。→ So absurd was his manner that everyone stared.
他感到如此沮丧，什么也不能让他开心起来。→ So depressed did he feel that nothing would cheer him up.
7、名词的可数与不可数问题
翻译任何一个句子一般都离不开名词，有名词就得在可数与不可数之间作出判断，就涉及冠词的有无问题。请看下面的练习：
Professor Smith’s devotion to teach ing has ________(留下深刻印象)on all his students.
He is said to have been a good student until he ________（开始对电脑游戏上瘾）.
A more careful secretary ___________ （就不会犯这样明显的错误）.
这三个句子分别有名词“印象”、“电脑游戏”、“错误”，翻译时可以分别处理为made a deep impression, became addicted to computer games, 和wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes。
其中，第一个名词词组有不定冠词a，第二个和第三个均使用了名词的复数形式。所以，遇到名词时，翻译后要认真检查，尽量减少错误。
值得注意的是，由于语块（chunk），即一些固定词组（如believe it or not，to be frank with you, generally speaking）和搭配（如densely populated, bold type），在英语学习中的作用非同小可，我们随便打开一页英语就可以找到很多，在学习过程中，我们应该多留心，日积月累。有了这些语块，再加上语法知识，做翻译试题时我们就会得心应手。
翻译练习
1.Your character will have been completed _________（当生命走到尽头时）.
2.________ （除了以身作则）, there’s no better way to teach children.
3.Diligence will greatly enrich your mind, body and spirit, __________（更不用说存款了）.
4.If you can’t think up a new idea, try finding _________. （一个方法更好的利用老的观点)
5.________ （不论多么成功）, people will continue to face difficulties.
6.Not until people can completely trust you ________ （你才能对他们产生积极的影响）.
7.________（对听到的事情感到震惊）, he placed both his hands on his mouth.
8.The more things a man is ashamed of, ________ （他就越受人尊敬）.
9._________（为战争做好准备）is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
10.True wisdom consists not only in seeing what is before your eyes, ________ （而且在于预见
将来的事情）.
11.We’d b etter struggle for the future ________（而不是为过去而懊悔）.
12.________ （如果全面考虑）, work is less boring than amusing oneself.
13.Over the long term, a company cannot win ________ （以商业伙伴为代价）.
14.She was eager ________ （让她父母见见那位年轻人）who had asked her to marry him.
15.________ （路拓宽后）, the traffic is not so heavy as it sued to be. With the road widened
16.________（如果暴露在空气中）, iron will react with the oxygen of the air.
17.Much ________（备受人们尊敬）, he merely considered himself to be one of common people.
18.They thought it a pity ________（没有邀请她）.
19.________（说实话）, I’m looking forward to hearing the news.
20._________(正如已经说过), technological innovations are being made at faster and faster rates.
答案：
1.the time your life comes to an end.
2.Apart from setting a good example
3.not to mention your bank account.
4. a way to make better use of an old idea.
5.No matter how successful they become
6.will you be able to positively influence them.
7.Shocked at what he had heard
8.the more respectable he is.
9.To be prepared for war
10.but also in foreseeing what is to come
11.rather than regret for the past.
12.Everything considered
13.at the expense of its business partners
14.for her parents to meet the young man
15.With the road widened
16.If exposed to the air
17.as /though he was respected
18.not to have invited her
19.To tell you the truth
As we have already said
四六级翻译试题
2006年6月四级翻译试题
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______________（找到去历史博物馆的
路）.
88. ______________（为了挣钱供我上学）, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
89. The professor required that ______________（我们交研究报告）by Wednesday.
90. The more you explain, ______________（我愈糊涂）.
91. Though a skilled worker, ______________（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic
crisis.
87. in finding the way to the Museum of History
88.In order to earn enough money to afford my education
89. we hand in the research reports
90. the more confused I get
91. he was fired by the company
2006年12月四级翻译试题
87. Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _______________（适应不
同文化中的生活）
88. Since my childhood I have fond that ______________（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）
89. The victim ______________（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time
90. Some psychologists claim that people___________________（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）
91. The nation’s population continues to rise __________________（以每年1200万人的速度）
87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures
88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important than reading
89. would have a chance to survive或would have a chance of survival
90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling. 91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million
2007年6月四级翻译试题
87. The finding of this study failed to ______________（将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内）.
88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ______________（我们可以合作的领域）.
89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ______________（决定退出比赛）.
90. To make donations or for more information, please ______________（按以下地址和我们联
系）.
91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________（如果你方便的话）.
87. take people’s sleep quality into account
88. the field（where）we can cooperate / the field in which we can cooperate
89. decided to quit the match
90. contact us at the following address
91. if it is convenient for you / at your convenience
2007年12月四级翻译试题
87. ______________（多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.
88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________（我比以前更容易累了）.
89. I am going to purchase this course, ______________（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.
90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ______________
（它更加方便和省时）.
91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of ______________（是用他们能够借到多少
来衡量的），not how much they can earn.
87. Thanks to/Owing to a series of new inventions
88. I am apt to / inclined to/tend to get tired more easily than before.
89. no matter what sacrifices I will make或者whatever sacrifices I will make
90. the latter is more convenient and time-saving.
91. is weighed/measured on how much they can borrow
2008年6月四级翻译试题
87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research ______________（能应用于新技术的
开发） .
88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ______________（一定出了毛病）with its operating
system.
89. Leaving one’s job, ______________（无论是什么工作）, is a difficult change, even for those
who look forward to retiring.
90. ______________（与我成长的地方相比）, this town is more prosperous and exciting.
91. ______________（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.
参考答案：
87. can be applied to the development of the new technology
88. must be wrong
89. no matter what it is / whatever it is
90. Compared with the place where I was brought up / Compared with the place where I grew up
91. Not until he had accomplished his mission
2008年12月四级翻译试题
87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems ______________（他们
至今还没有答案）.
88. ______________（大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their
children.
89.You'd better take a sweater with you ______________（以防天气变冷）.
90.Through the project, many people have received training and ______________（决定自己创业）.
91.The anti-virus agent was not known ______________（直到一名医生偶然发现了它）.
参考答案：
87. to which they still have no answers today
88. What most parents are concerned about.
89. in case of temperature drop.
90. decided to start their own business.
91. until a doctor found it by chance.
2006年12月六级翻译试题
72. If you had ______________（听从我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦）.
73. With tears on her face, the lady ______________（看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室）.
74. After the terrorist attack, tourists ______________（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.
75. I prefer to communicate with my customers ______________（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）.
76. ______________（直到截止日他才寄出）his application form.
72. followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now
73. watched her injured son sent into the operation room
74. were advised not to travel to that country at the moment
75. via E-mail instead of telephone
76. Until the deadline came, he didn’t send out
2007年6月六级翻译试题
82.The auto manufacturers found themselves ______________（正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额）.
83. Only in the small town ______________（他才感到安全和放松）.
84. It is absolutely unfair that these children ______________（被剥夺了受教育的权利）.
85. Our years of hard work are all in vain, ______________（更别提我们花费的大量金钱了）.
86. The problems of blacks and women ______________（最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注）.
82. competing with foreign firms for market share
83. does he feel secure and relaxed
84. are deprived of the rights to receive education
85. not to mention / let alone the large amount of money we have spent
86. have gained / caused considerable public concern in recent decades
2007年12月六级翻译试题
82. But for mobile phones, ______________（我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便）.
83. In handling an embarrassing situation, ______________（没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了）.
84. The Foreign Minister said he was resigning ______________（但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因）.
85. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning ______________（而动物的行为主要依靠本能）.
86. The witness was told the under no circumstances ______________（他都不应该对法庭说谎）.
82. our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient
83. nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor
84. but (he) refused to make further explanation why
85. while animals depend mainly on their instinct(s)
86. should he lie to the court
2008年6月六级翻译试题
82. We can say a lot of things about those ______________（毕生致力于诗歌的人）: they are passionate,
impulsive, and unique.
83. Mary couldn’t have received my letter, ______________（否则她上周就该回信了）.
84. Nancy is supposed to ______________（做完化学实验） at least two weeks ago.
85. Never once ______________（老两口互相争吵） since they were married 40 years ago.
86. ______________（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于） the quality of education of its people
82. who are devoted to poems in their whole lives.
83. or she should have made a reply last week
84. have finished her chemistry experiment
85. has the old couple quarreled with each other
86. The prosperity of a nation depends largely on
2008年12月六级翻译试题
82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which ______________（把美观与功能完美地结合起来）.
83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to ______________（本能地知道该走哪条路）.
84. I don't think it advisable that parents ______________（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare
time as they wish.
85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and ______________
（与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低）.
86. Your resume should attract a would-be boss's attention by demonstrating ______________（为
什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选）.
82. made a perfect combination of beauty and function
83. know which way to take instinctively
84. (should) deprive children of their freedom
85. a lower death rate compared with relatively inactive people
86. why you would be the best candidate
翻译练习
1.（只要看一眼这封信） ____________ will convince you that you have been taken in.
2.____________（没有人不称赞他们） for their great accomplishment.
3.____________（我不大想去参加那个聚会）, but I'd better put in an appearance.
4.____________（不论多么成功）, people will continue to face difficulties.
5.____________（除了以身作则）, there’s no better way to teach children.
6.____________（路拓宽后）, the traffic is not so heavy as it sued to be.
7.____________（如果全面考虑）, work is less boring than amusing oneself.
8.____________（对听到的事情感到震惊）, he placed both his hands on his mouth.
9.____________（如果暴露在空气中）, iron will react with the oxygen of the air.
10.____________（说实话）, I’m looking forward to hearing the news.
11.____________（为战争做好准备）is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
12.____________（正如已经说过), technological innovations are being made at faster and faster
rates.
13.__________（2 天了都没有走出沙漠，又没有水喝）he was unquenchable.
14.____________（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）the problem will be solved easily because he
is an expert in this field.
15._____________（再试一试）, and the problem would be straightened out. Another attempt
16._______________（每当天气不好时）, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.
17.________________（不用说）, it is very important to choose a road for China’s modernization
conforming to her own situation.
18._________________ （毫无疑问） he is qualified for the job.
19._________________ （不管任务多么艰巨）, we must fulfill it in time.
20._________________ （随着时间的流逝）, they forgot their bitter sufferings.
21. _________________ （我们得把休假日推迟） until you're better.
22._________________ （有些大一新生打定主意） to pursue a master's degree after undergraduate
studies.
23._________________（要不是他慷慨相助）, I should have failed in my work.
24.__________________ （除主席之外的所有成员都投票赞成我的建议）to set up a branch office in
the suburbs.
25.__________________ （直到失去健康） that people know the value of health.
26.___________________ （很多朋友不在）， we decided to put the meeting off.
27._____________________（不管怎样努力）, Tom could not get oiut of the difficulty.，汤姆还
是摆脱不了困境。
28._____________________（一般说来）, the coldest weather comes in January.
29._______________ （可以有把握地说）that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
30._________________ （应该指出）that early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.
20.
Unit 1 The real challenge to us teacher is combining the best of both worlds into one . Creativity and basic skills need to be considered in terms of being means to an [end], rather than simply as ends in themselves . Some Chinese students may not [perform] well in hypothetical settings ,but when it comes to[facing]real life challenges and issues ,they are more than [competent] in resolving most of them, [equipped] as they are with their strong skill .The U.S. system may be [designed]to aim more at producing top of the cream students ,but that [approach]may do damage to the big bulk of the [rest]of the student body .The Chinese education system is [definitely] not perfect ,but it does produce a [quality] workforce ,And I truly believe that solid basic knowledge/skill focus is the single biggest force driving the rise of Chinese as a country . 翻译：真正的挑战是我们老师结合最好的两个世界成一个。创造力和基本技能需要在被指一个[结束]来考虑，而不是简单地作为自己的目标。一些中国学生可能不[假设设置执行]好，但说到[面临]现实生活中的挑战和问题，他们更比[解决他们大多数主管] [设置]，因为他们与他们的技能强。美国的制度可能是[设计]目的地生产极品学生，但[方法]可能会损害学生的身体[其它]的体积大。中国的教育体系是[肯定]不完美，但它会产生一个[质量]的劳动力，而且我真的相信，扎 实的基础知识和技能的重点是单最大的驱动力的中国作为一个崛起的国家。 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气。 It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养还自动创新精神是很可取的 Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？
英译汉句子 1.Stay here before I get back. 答案：在我回来之前别离开。 2.The whole process required a great deal of effort, skill and a luck. 答案：整个过程需要很大的努力，需要高度的技巧，还需要运气。 3.I'll write to you as soon as I get there. 答案：我一到那儿就给你写信。 4.My classmate is much cleverer than I. 答案：我的同学比我聪明多了。 5.Look out the window it's still raining today! 答案：看窗外，今天还在下雨。 6.I knocked on his door but nobody came to answer it. 答案：我敲了他的门，但没人来开门。 7.I do want to know what really happened. 答案：我确实想知道到底发生了什么事。 8.He doesn't know what life means to him. 答案：他不知道人生的意义。 9.I was too excited to say a word in front of him. 答案：我当时太兴奋了，以至于在他面前什么也说不出来了。10.Apples here like water and sunshine. 答案：这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。 11.Have you seen Tom recently? 答案：最近你看见汤姆了吗？ 12.Life is meaningless without a purpose. 答案：没有目标的生活是毫无意义的。 13.He was too tired to go on reading. 答案：他太累了，无法再阅读了。 14.My problem is that I don't have much time to do the work. 答案：我的问题在于我没有多少时间干这工作。
Unit1 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. Unit3 1) 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。 Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education / tuition. 2) 除阅读材料外，使用电影和多媒体（multimedia）会激发学生学习的兴趣。 Besides reading materials, the use of films and multimedia can stimulate students' interest in a subject. 5) 我已经把我的简历（résumé）寄往几家公司，但尚未收到回复。 I have sent off my résumé to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply. 6) 她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。 Her conclusion is built / based on a careful analysis of current international affairs. 7) 我们满怀期望地来参加会议，离开时却大失所望。 We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed. Unit5 1 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。 As far as ability is concerned, I am sure he will qualify for the job. 6) 在西方，人们常常邮购商品，这可以节省许多时间。 In the West, people often send away for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time. 7) 抱歉, 时间不多了，我建议我们跳到最后一章。 Sorry time is running out; I suggest we skip to the last chapter. 8) 既然你决心尽快完成硕士课程(master's program), 那就别让你的社交生活(social life)妨碍你的学习。 Since you have set your mind to finishing your master's program as soon as possible, don't let your social life stand in the way of your studies. Unit6 1) 装了(fitted with) 假肢(artificial leg)，他起初走路走不稳，但经过锻炼他的步子(step) 稳了。 Fitted with the artificial leg, he walked unsteadily / shakily at first, but with practice his steps became steady. 2) 医生说我得了重感冒，给我开了四种药，三种是药片，饭后服，另一种是药水 (liquid)，睡前服。 The doctor said I had caught a severe cold and she prescribed me four different medicines. Three of them are pills to be taken after meals and the other is liquid to be drunk before going to bed. 4) 汽车早已开走看不见了，珍妮 (Jenny) 还站在大门口凝视着路的尽头。 Jenny was still standing at the gate gazing at the end of the road long after the car was out of sight. 6) 一般来说，通过增加供给或减少需求可以降低物价。 In general, prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. Unit7 1) 像平常一样，他在开始洗漱（get washed）前，将收音机调至早晨七点的新闻广播。 As usual, he tuned his radio for the 7 a.m. news broadcast before he began to get washed. 2) 有许多文件要签，但紧急的只有这份合同。 There are a lot of papers to sign, but the only urgent one is this contract. 3) 在该市，因吸毒（drug abuse）和赌博（gambling）而引发的罪行在发展，当地政府似乎找不出对付这一问题的办法。 In that city crime born of drug abuse and gambling is on the rise, and the local government seems unable to figure out a way to cope with it. 5) 我敢肯定那座楼在空袭（air raid）中一定被完全炸毁了。 I bet the building must have been completely destroyed in the air raid. 2) 即使你是班上最好的学生之一，要保住成绩也得常常温习功课才行。 Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often. 4) 情况确实是如此，有些人一生中很早就获得成功，而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现自己的目标。 It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work a long time before attaining their goals. 5) 他坚持认为这次实验的失败主要由于准备不足(inadequate)。 He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequate preparation. 6) 如今研究人员提倡我们应该每天花些时间将自己想要达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds. Unit10 1.事实上，对于这次海难（shipwreck）报纸上的说法不一。 In fact, there are different accounts of the shipwreck in the newspapers. 2.据说这一地区早在两千年前农业就很先进。 It is said that the area was well advanced in agriculture as early as 2,000 years ago. 3.瞧他是如何操作这机器的，然后就照着做。 6.圣诞节和元旦相隔一周时间。 There is an interval of a week between Christmas and New Year's Day. unit7 the big chance良机 He wasn't the kind to pick a secretary by the color of her hair. Not Bill Hargrave. Both Paula and Nancy had been smart enough to know that. And for some time everyone in the office had known that one of them, Paula or Nancy, was going to get the job. In fact, the decision would probably be made this afternoon. Hargrave was leaving town and wanted to settle the matter before he left. 他不是那种根据头发的颜色来挑选秘书的人。比尔〃哈格雷夫不是那种人。波拉和南希都很聪明，明白这点。一段时间以来，办公室里人人都知道，她俩中的一个，不是波拉就是南希，将要得到这个职务。事实上，决定可能就在今天下午作出。哈格雷夫就要外出，要在动身前安排好这事。 The two girls could see him from their desks outside his office. Maybe it was only some correspondence that he was looking at with cool, keen eyes. But for a moment his finger seemed to pause above those two efficient little pushbuttons. If he pressed the left one, it would be Paula's pulse which would begin to beat faster. 两个姑娘可以从他办公室外面各自的办公桌那儿看到他。他那沉着、热切的目光正在注视着的可能只不过是则信函而已。可是有那么一会儿，他的手指似乎在那两个颇有效率的小按钮上踌躇着。要是他按左边那个，就会使波拉的脉搏加快跳动 Paula couldn't keep her eyes off that light on her desk. She kept making mistakes in her typing and nervously taking the sheets of paper out in order to start all over again. 波拉的目光一直盯着桌上的那个小灯。她打字时老是出错，老是情绪紧张地把纸拉出来，以便重新开始。 She leaned across her typewriter and said to Nancy, "They boss is all dressed up today. He must be going on a special trip." 她靠在打字机上对南希说：?头儿今天穿得上下笔挺。他准是要作一次不同寻常的旅行。?She was just talking to relieve her nervousness. Nancy took her time about answering. She wasn't used to having Paula talk to her in such an intimate tone. (1)Not since they'd learned a month ago that they were both in line for a promotion, for the important job as Bill Hargrave's secretary. 她说话不过是为了消除紧张情绪。南希没有马上回答。她不习惯波拉用如此亲昵的口吻和她说话。一个月前，她们就得知她俩之中将有人获得提升，担任比尔〃哈格雷夫的秘书这一重要职务。从那时起，南希就对波拉用如此亲昵的口吻和她说话觉得别扭。 well, the job was worth going after. There was the salary, for one thing. And there was the prestige. The boss' secretary knew a great deal about the business. And there were the interesting people she got to talk to. The important people. And the boxes of perfume, flowers, and candy they often left on her desk. And there was Bill Hargrave for a boss. Young and clever and attractive. That was a factor, too. 嗨，这工作还是值得去努力的。一方面是薪水的问题。另外还有地位的问题。头儿的秘书了解很多业务情况。还有那些她将能与之交谈的有趣的人。那些重要人物。还有他们常留在她桌上的一包包香水、鲜花和糖果。当然还有比尔〃哈格雷夫这个头儿。年轻聪明又有魅力。那也是一个因素。 (2)Paula didn't need any lessons when it came to office politics. She was the one who was always busy when someone of little importance in the office wanted his material typed. "Sorry, but it's impossible. Jack. Why not ask Nancy?" and they did ask Nancy. It left Paula free to do Bill Hargrave's work in a hurry. She was never too busy for Bill's work. 说到办公室里明争暗斗那一套，波拉可算是无师自通。办公室里无关紧要的人要想把什么材料打出来时，她总是不巧正忙着。“对不起，杰克，可没有办法。为什么不让南希打呢?于是他们果然就让南希打。这样波拉就有时间把比尔·哈格雷夫的东西赶紧打出来。给比尔打东西她从不嫌忙。 When Hargrave finally pressed one of those buttons it was at Paula's desk that the light went on. She started to make a grab for her notebook, but she quickly took out her mirror first. Then she grabbed up her notebook and an envelope that was on the desk. 等到哈格雷夫终于按了那两个按钮中的一个时，亮起来的是波拉桌上的灯。她起身去抓笔记本，可很快先掏出了镜子。随后她一把抓起笔记本，还有桌上的一个信封。 (3)As for Nancy, what else could she do but sit there with her pretty blonde head bent over her typewriter? Nancy was a natural blonde, and that seemed the best way to describe her, she just didn't seem to know any tricks such as Paula did for making herself more popular with the boss. 至于南希，她除了低垂着她那满头漂亮金发的脑袋坐在那儿打字以外，还能干别的什么呢? 南希是个不会做作的金发碧眼女郎，这样描绘她似乎是最恰当不过了。波拉为取悦头儿耍的种种花招，她却好像一窍不通。 The moment Paula got inside Hargrave's office he asked about that stateroom. 波拉一进办公室，哈格雷夫就问高级客舱的事。 She handed him the envelope. It contained the two tickets. "That's your stateroom number on the outside," she said in a businesslike way. 她把那个信封递给他。里面有两张票。?信封上是高级客舱的编号，?她用事务式的口气说 She had on a blue flannel suit, something like Bill's, and it was clear he thought she looked pretty smart in it. 她身穿一套法兰绒蓝套装，跟比尔穿的有点相仿，他显然觉得她穿这套衣服很漂亮。 He looked again at the number of his stateroom and he put the envelope carefully in his inside pocket. 他又看了看高级客舱的编号，把信封小心翼翼地装进里面的口袋。 Then he told her she was going to have a new job. He mentioned the salary, too. He didn't neglect to mention the salary. 接着他就跟她说了。她将有个新工作。他也提到了薪水。他没有忽略薪水的事。 She took it just right - in a very businesslike manner. Just enough of gratitude. And then, the old sportsmanship how sorry she felt about Nancy. She didn't look sorry. 她很得体地接受了这个决定——完全公事公办的态度。恰到好处的感谢。随后展示了她那久已具有的运动家风度。她说为南希感到非常遗憾。她并没有流露出多少遗憾的神情。 (4)And neither did Bill. He told her it was okay, that she shouldn't worry about Nancy, that Nancy wasn't made for the job anyway, and that besides, he and Nancy were leaving on their honeymoon tonight. Tonight at eight-fifteen. 比尔也没有显出遗憾的样子。他对她说，这没什么，她用不着为南希担心，反正南希生来就不适合干这种工作，再说，他和南希今晚就要去共度蜜月了。今晚8点15分。
Unit1 1.我还要感谢那些在我处于困境时支持我的人。 1.My thanks go to those who still stuck by me when I fell upon dark days 2.他出版了一本通俗小说，赚了很多钱，所以有能力买新房和轿车。. 2. Now that he has published a popular novel which earns him a large amount of money, he is able to buy a new house and a car. 3.警察说，他们产生怀疑是因为姑娘的尸体上还有其他的印记。 3. The police said that their suspicions were aroused because the girl had other marks on her body. 4.你怎么能这样对他说话？是她把你养大，帮你完成学业。 4. How can you talk to her like that? She is the one who brought you up and helped you finish school. 5.尽管这些学生毕业后的道路会很艰难，但他们的前途却是光明的。 5. Hard as the road for these students after school will be, their prospects are bright. 6.为了有足够的钱来经营这个商行，他拍卖的新买的房子，损失了一大笔钱。 6. In order to have enough money to run the business, he sold his newly-bought house at auction even at a substantial loss. 7.他批评警察局长对自己的部门监管不严是完全有道理的。 7. He is fully justified in criticizing the police commissioner for poorly supervising his department. 8.为吸引外宾，这些受保护的古代建筑被修复得很漂亮。 8. These ancient buildings which are under protection have been restored beautifully to attract foreigners. Unit2 1.大多数缺铁的人并不知道他们缺铁。 1. Most people with low iron reserves don’t know they have an iron deficiency.
1.It was my ambition to have her read to me while I churned; once she granted my wish, but she read off my story before I brought her butter. 我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。 2.Yet regardless of where they came from, I cannot remember a time when I was not in love with them 不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书 3.Neither of my parents had come from homes that could afford to buy many books, but though it must have been something of a strain on his salary, as the youngest officer in a young insurance company, my father was all the while carefully selecting and ordering away for what he and Mother thought we children should grow up with. 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。4.Besides the bookcase in the living room, which was always called "the library", there were the encyclopedia tables and dictionary stand under windows in our dining room. 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。 5.To both my parents I owe my early acquaintance with a beloved Mark Twain. 多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克?吐温。 6.It ends with not one but two morals, both engraved on rings: "Do what you ought, come what may," and "If we would be great, we must first learn to be good." 书末讲的道德寓意不是一条，而是两条，都印在环形图案里：“不管发生什么，该做的就去做”，还有“想做伟人，必须先学会做个好人”。7.This book was lacking its front cover, the back held on by strips of pasted paper, now turned golden, in several layers, and the pages stained, flecked, and tattered around the edges; its garish illustrations had come unattached but were preserved, laid in. 这本书没了封面，封底用几条纸片粘牢，有好几层，如今都泛黄了，书页上污迹斑斑，边角处都破碎了；书中花哨的插图脱了页，但都保存良好，夹在书里。 8.I live in gratitude to my parents for initiating me — as early as I begged for it, without keeping me waiting — into knowledge of the word, into reading and spelling, by way of the alphabet. 我感激父母通过认识字母对我——早在我要求之时，而没有让我等待——进行文字启蒙，教我阅读和拼写。 9.Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations of medical research. 推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何 增进健康的建议。 10.We've been running the human biological engine on the wrong fuel." “我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引 擎的运转。” 11.Earlier this month, charges were laid against a large Alberta feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into the Bow River, "killing everything in its path," as a news story described it. 本月初，阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河， “沿途生灵悉数被毁”，一则新闻这么报道。 12.Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an accepted fact that today's factory-farmed
翻译答案3大学英语精读 Unit1 1.发言人明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取
消这次旅行。The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 2.我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为人可靠。We trust what he has said,because he is well educated, comes from a respectable family ,and what's more ,he is reliable.
3.随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑是对的。The subsequent events once again confirmed that my suspicions were right. 4.在赛后举行记者招待会上，这位足球教练因该队表现不佳而向球迷们致敬。At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the s poor performance. 'fans for his team 5.令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官。To our surprise ,the governor, who had
often been praised for his honesty ,turned out to be a corrupt official. 6.只有少数工人工人得到提升，在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇。A few workers were promoted ,but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7.如果有机会，约翰也许成为一位杰出的画家了。Given the chance, John might
今年考的三套翻译题均是跟中国的公共交通相关的内容，介绍了公交车、飞机、地铁服务的提升，以及市民生活水平的提高。展现了我国社会的发展和人民幸福水平的提升。 交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要考生去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。 对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是考生耳熟能详的“万金油”句式。 诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是考生在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。 此外，时态语态也是考生容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。 又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思 句子的语序调整仍值得考生注意。时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语和方式状语仍然是重要的考点，一般情况下都要后置。 其次是句型的变化。注意运用被动语态(从中英文语用习惯以及动词发出者的逻辑主语去改句子)、插入语(例如，“包括许多农民和外出务工人员”)、there be 句型(非人主语+有/存在。例如，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁)和It为形式主语的句子(例如，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的)进行改句，防止句式单一。 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。 In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.
U n i t O n e 1. 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了。 The whole plan fell through for want of fund. 2. 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误。 He calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy. 3. 公司发言人推卸责任的讲话受到了严厉指责。 The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words. 4. 那名年轻的海关官员一眼就看出了那本假护照。 The young customs officer spotted the counterfeit passport at one glance. 5. 各有关部门的负责人认识到形势的严峻，立刻行动了起来。 Upon realizing the severity of the situation, leaders of the departments concerned acted promptly. 6. 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字。 Please substitute your name for her on the waiting list. 7. 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历。 She found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience. 8. 不要感叹过去的不幸。振作起来向前看。 Don't lament your past misfortunes. Keep your chin up and look to the future. Unit Two 1. 富兰克林在他的《自传》里力劝读者要勤俭。 Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2. 谁能证明这签名是真的？ Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature? 3. 人们给他起了“小个子”的绰号，因为就年龄而言，他看上去很小。 He is dubbed "Tiny" because he looks so small for his age. 4. 他试图为自己拒绝接受这一劝告辩解。 He tried to rationalize his refusal to take the advice. 5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满。 His words incurred our displeasure. 6. 要我们在这么短时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的。 It is virtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time. 7. 他反复思考这个手术可能会产生的后果。 He ruminated over the likely consequences of the operation. 8. 要想达到那样高的口译水平需要多年孜孜不倦的努力。 It takes many years of assiduous effort to reach that level of proficiency in interpretation. Unit Three 1. 这几位俄罗斯作曲家的一个共同特点是他们的作品的充满了俄罗斯民间音乐的元素。 A characteristic these Russian composers share is that their compositions are infused with Russian folk music elements. 2. 被绑架儿童的父母同意付给绑匪索要的赎金，恳求他们不要伤害他们的小女孩。 The parents of the kidnapped child, agreeing to pay the ransom the kidnappers asked for, pleaded with them not to hurt their little girl. 3. 新上任主管曾在国外担任过类似的职务，他给公司的管理注入了新的理念。