2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage1

2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（三）Exercise 1：长难句分析1.Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。

那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。

常用的时间状语：for或since 引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。

如：办公室看起来很干净。

它刚被打扫过。

这台机器已修了两小时了。

2. Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事我将把我到达的日期通知你。

我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。

【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。

2021年新高考1卷长难句分析1 (阅读B篇) Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.[翻译]在舞台无声的交流很重要，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和乐谱翻页人来练习。

[句子结构分析]这是由and连接的两个并列句，在第二个并列句子中包含一个which引导的定语从句，先行词是a page turn。

2 (阅读C篇)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.[翻译]1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过，越来越关注这一问题的国家采取了坚定的行动来阻止对迁徙水禽和对它们生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。

[句子结构分析]这是一个较复杂的简单句。

句中with the passage of ...用作伴随状语，to stop the destruction 用作目的状语，so vital to their survival用作后置定语修饰the wetlands.3 (阅读C篇)The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.[翻译]第一枚联邦鸭票是由杰恩·达尔灵所设计的，他是一位来自爱荷华州得梅因的政治漫画家，当时被罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。

2021高考英语典型技巧01长难句的分析与理解（原卷版）备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解【技巧释义】高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。

一、长难句的常见形式1.复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。

其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。

主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。

而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。

应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。

I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”.分析此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。

在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。

2.分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。

此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。

“Th e results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas w here the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.提醒分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。

2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考阅读理解复习专题（01）长难句理解考点分析总结（上）随着《高中英语课程标准》的正式发布，高考英语对考生的英语水平要求越来越高。

除了词汇量的要求更高外，句子理解能力的要求也更高，主要体现在高考英语试题中长难句越来越多，因此参加高考的考生必须突破长难句理解这一关。

那么考生首先要学会分析句子结构。

句子结构根据用途句子分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。

根据结构分可为简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句。

陈述句.陈述句(Declarative Sentence)：说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法的句子叫陈述句。

朗读时一般用降调。

如：Between the two buildings lies a garden.在这两幢楼之间有一个花园。

疑问句疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)：用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句。

有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一般疑问句将陈述句中的作用词（助动词、情态动词、be动词或have等）提到主语之前，通常要求用肯定词yes或否定词no来回答（也可用certainly, of course, perhaps, probably, all right, with pleasure等代替yes；用never, not at all等代替no）。

一般疑问句的句末一般用升调，答语用降调。

如：--Can you help me with my English?--With pleasure.--你能帮助我学英语吗？--我非常愿意。

特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用来对句子的特殊部分提问的疑问句。

通常用疑问词引出。

可分为疑问代词： who, whom, whose, what, which, how many, how much等和疑问副词： when, where, how, why, how long , how soon, how often,how far等两种。

2021年高考英语真题和优秀模拟题角度分析阅读理解长难句专题02 2021年高考真题角度分析阅读长难句（全国乙卷）阅读长难句之2021全国乙卷1.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing towatch the match.语法：(1)… gone are the days of…此处有倒装的出现。

(2)…standing to watch the match. 此处doing做后置定语修饰thousands。

拓展：完全倒装之“表语+连系动词+主语”结构。

Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。

Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。

词汇：tend to 倾向于做…翻译：即使是足球迷也往往每人有一个座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。

2.For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranksthem by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.语法：(1)…data supplied by the World Atlas list…此处supplied为done做后置定语，表示与data构成动宾关系。

(2)…which ranks them by…此处which引导非限制性定语从句。

2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。

这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。

2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。

我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。

3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。

杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。

我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。

【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。

如：中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

中国比非洲的任何国家都大。

2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

Passage 2Do Plants Talk to Each Other?1 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly.2 Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple treesgetting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plantscan get. 3 These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seemto be an alarm. 4 What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicalsknown as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.5 Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.6 It’s a plant’s way of crying out.7 But is anyone listening？Apparently.8 Because we can watch the neighbors react.9 Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. 10 But others do double duty. 11 They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. 12 Once they arrive, the tables are turned. 13 The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.14 In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. 15 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.16 Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists don’t know. 17 Maybe the first plant just madea cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. 18 Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. 19 So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.20 Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate than the world we can see and hear. 21 Our senses are weak. 22 There’s a whole lot going on.一．单词和短语Words and expressions* leafy /ˈliːfɪ/ adj.叶茂盛的；多叶的；for short简称；缩写* perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n.香水；香味vt.洒香水于…；使…带香味in effect 实际上* overhear /əʊvəˈhɪə/ vt. & vi.无意中听到intentional /ɪnˈtenʃnəl/ adj.存心的；故意的* intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/ adj.亲密的；关系紧密的vt.暗示；透露intentionally /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəlɪ/ adv.有意地；故意地* a whole lot 许多二．参考译文Translation植物会互相交流吗？1当一株绿叶植物受到攻击时，它不会坐以待毙。

2021高考英语写作新题型之概要写作（一）Section A 概要写作篇章原文Who's whoIt has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.The student did in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen. He threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and oneof them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.Section B 概要写作篇章译文真假难辨谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。

2021届高考英语概要写作深度解读（一）阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Until 2017, the Emperor penguin was listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, but as of 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted to suffer a moderately rapid population decline over the next three generations owing to the effects of climate change. The number one threat to their survival is global warming. H ere’s how it has affected Emperor penguins and what we should do.A decrease in the amount of sea ice formation, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future of the Emperor penguin. Many Emperor penguins breed on ice shelves that only form during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melte d back faster or sooner than usual. Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is food for the penguins. One of their food sources is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery for the krill. The newly-born krill feed on the algae (水藻) that grow on the underside of the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae for the krill to feed on, and consequently less krill is produced.Measures should be taken to protect these animals. People can donate to organizations that are working to protect Emperor penguins and other penguin species, and our oceans in general. Reducing your impact on the environment, in particular, is something you can do—you can make these tiny changes to lower your carbon footprint every day. You can also be mindful about reducing seafood consumption and eating sustainably caught seafood, as overfishing is the second greatest threat to nearly every penguin species today. Also, avoid using supplements and other products that contain krill or krill oil.【语言点津】第一段：moderately adv. 适中的，中等；Emperor penguin （皇）帝企鹅；Near-Threatened 近危物种第二段：breed vi.生育，繁殖；Antarctic adj.南极的；ice shelf 冰架；waterproof feathers 防水羽毛Many of the chicks haven’t completely fledged (长出飞羽) into their waterproof feathers by the time the ice melts back to their habitats, and they are forced into the cold ocean waters, where they die of cold exposure or drowning.[分析] 该句是一个并列复合句，主干是由and连接的并列句；by the time引导时间状语从句；where引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the cold ocean waters；waters在文中指水域。

2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage1Passage 1The Friendship Between Paul Newman and Me1 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy andthe Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. 2When the studio didn’t want me forthe film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. 3I don’t knowhow many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studiopowers.4 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting fouryears later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 5We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 6 Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. 7 Those were also at the core of our relationship off the screen.8 We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 9 Paul and I didn’t see each other all t hat regularly, but sharing that brought us together. 10 We supported eachother financially and by showing up at events.11 I last saw him a few months ago. 12 He’d been in and out of the hospital. 13 He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t tal k about it. 14 Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsstudio /?stju?d/ n.工作室；播音室；制片厂stand up for 支持；拥护have root in 起源于dig into 钻研；掘进去* underlying /?nd??la/ adj.潜在的；根本的；在下面的；* core /k??/ n.中心；核心 adj. 主要的；基本的show up 露面；露出；揭露二．参考译文Translation我和保罗.纽曼之间的友谊1我第一次见到保罗.纽曼是在1968年。