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常用英文名词解释

常用英文名词解释
常用英文名词解释

常用英文名词解释

MSA: Measurement System Analysis 量测系统分析

LCL: Lower Control limit 管制下限

还有一些。看看你是否用的着

Control plan 管制计划

Correction 纠正

Cost down 降低成本

CS: customer Sevice 客户中心

Data 数据

Data Collection 数据收集

Description 描述

Device 装置

Digital 数字

Do 执行

DOE: Design of Experiments 实验设计

Environmental 环境

Equipment 设备

FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect analysis 失效模式与效果分析FA: Failure Analysis 坏品分析

FQA: Final Quality Assurance 最终品质保证

FQC: Final Quality control 最终品质控制

Gauge system 量测系统

Grade 等级

Inductance 电感

Improvement 改善

Inspection 检验

IPQC: In Process Quality Control 制程品质控制

IQC: Incoming Quality Control 来料品质控制

ISO: International Organization for Standardization 国际标准组织LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制

LSL: Lower Size Limit 规格下限

Materials 物料

Measurement 量测

Occurrence 发生率

Operation Instruction 作业指导书

Organization 组织

Parameter 参数

Parts 零件

Pulse 脉冲

Policy 方针

Procedure 流程

Process 过程

Product 产品

Production 生产

Program 方案

Projects 项目

QA: Quality Assurance 品质保证

QC: Quality Control 品质控制

QE: Quality Engineering 品质工程

QFD: Quality Function Design 品质机能展开

Quality 质量

Quality manual 品质手册

Quality policy 品质政策

Range 全距

Record 记录

Reflow 回流

Reject 拒收

Repair 返修

Repeatability 再现性

Reproducibility 再生性

Requirement 要求

Residual 误差

Response 响应

Responsibilities 职责

Review 评审

Rework 返工

Rolled yield 直通率

sample 抽样,样本

Scrap 报废

SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书

SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制Specification 规格

SQA: Source(Supplier) Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证Taguchi-method 田口方法

TQC: Total Quality Control 全面品质控制

TQM: Total Quality Management 全面品质管理Traceability 追溯

UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制上限

USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限

Validation 确认

Variable 计量值

Verification 验证

Version 版本

QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈/QC小组

PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结Consumer electronics 消费性电子产品

Communication 通讯类产品

Core value (核心价值)

Love 爱心

Confidence 信心

Decision 决心

Corporate culture (公司文化)

Integration 融合

Responsibility 责任

Progress 进步

QC quality control 品质管理人员

FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员

IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员

OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员

IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员

TQC total quality control 全面质量管理

POC passage quality control 段检人员

QA quality assurance 质量保证人员

OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员

QE quality engineering 品质工程人员

FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查

FAA first article assurance 首件确认

CP capability index 能力指数

SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供应商品质评估

FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析

AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准

S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小

ACC Accept 允收

REE Reject 拒收

CR Critical 极严重的

MAJ Major 主要的

MIN Minor 轻微的

Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度/服务

P/N Part Number 料号

L/N Lot Number 批号

AOD Accept On Deviation 特采

UAI Use As It 特采

FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告

PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一

SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制

SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制

GRR Gauge Reproducibility & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸

DIA Diameter 直径

QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组

ZD Zero Defect 零缺点

QI Quality Improvement 品质改善

QP Quality Policy 目标方针

TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理

RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可

7QCT ools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法

通用之件类

ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供应商)

ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)

PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知

PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划

SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序

SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范

IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范

BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单

PS Package Specification 包装规范

SPEC Specification 规格

DWG Drawing 图面

系统文件类

ES Engineering Standard 工程标准

IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准

ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格

部类

PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制

PCC Product control center 生产管制中心

PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制

MC Material Control 物料控制

DCC Document Control Center 资料控制中心

QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)

QA Quality Assurance 品质保证处

QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)

PD Product Department 生产部

LAB Laboratory 实验室

IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程

R&D Research & Design 设计开发部

系解名词解释

名词解释 1.标准解剖学姿势(anatomical position):人体直立,两眼平视,上肢下垂,手掌向前,两足并拢,足尖向前。 2.胸骨角(sternal angle):胸骨柄与胸骨体连接处微向前突的部分成为胸骨角,两侧平对第二肋,胸骨角向后平对第四胸椎体下缘,是计数肋的重要标志。 3.翼点(pterion):颞窝前下部较薄,在额、顶、颞、蝶骨的会合处最为薄弱,此处常形成H形的缝,成为翼点,其内面有血管沟,有脑膜中动脉的前支通过,骨折时易伤及此动脉,是是临床上X线检查的部位。 4.椎间盘(intervertebral disc):是连接相邻两个椎体的纤维软骨盘(第1及第2颈椎之间除外),由周围的纤维环和中央的髓核构成。 5.喙肩韧带:为三角形的扁韧带,连于肩胛骨的喙突与肩峰之间,它与喙突、肩峰共同构成喙肩弓,防止肩关节向上脱位。6.斜角肌间隙(scalene fissure):前、中斜角肌与第1肋之间的间隙为斜角肌间隙,有锁骨下动脉和臂丛神经通过。 7.咽峡(isthmus of fauces):腭垂、腭帆游离缘、两侧的腭舌弓及舌根共同围成咽峡。 8.肝门(porta hepatis):脏面中部有略呈“H”形的三条沟,其中横行的沟位于脏面正中,有肝左、右管,肝固有动脉左、右支,肝门静脉左、右支,和肝的神经、淋巴管等由此出入,故

称肝门。出入肝门的这些结构被结缔组织包绕,构成肝蒂。9.Calot三角(或胆囊三角):胆囊管、肝总管和肝的脏面围成的三角形区域成为胆囊三角,三角内常有胆囊动脉通过,因此该 三角是胆囊手术中寻找胆囊动脉的标志。 10.弹性圆锥:又称环声膜,是圆锥形的弹性纤维膜。其余甲状软骨前角后面,呈扇形向后、向下止于杓状软骨声带突和环状软 骨上缘。其上缘游离增厚,紧张于甲状软骨与声带突之间,称 声韧带,较前庭韧带厚而短。声韧带连同声带肌及覆盖于其表 面的喉粘膜一起,成为声带。弹性圆锥中部弹性纤维增厚称环 甲正中韧带(急性喉阻塞时,为抢救病人生命可在环甲正中韧 带处进行穿刺,以建立暂时性通气道。当紧急切开动脉圆锥进 行抢救时,注意切勿损伤环甲动脉吻合弓)。 11.声带(vocal cord):由声韧带、声带肌和喉粘膜构成。声门裂是位于两侧声襞及杓状软骨底和声带突之间的裂隙比前庭裂长 而窄,是喉腔最狭窄之处。声带和声门裂合称为声门(glottis)。12.气管隆嵴:在气管杈的内面,有一矢状位向上的半月状嵴称气管隆嵴,略偏向左侧,是支气管镜检查时判断气管分叉的重要 标志。(异物坠落偏向左侧) 13.肺门(hilum 0f lung):纵膈面即内侧面,与纵膈相邻,其中央为椭圆形凹陷,称肺门,肺门为支气管、肺动脉、肺静脉、

大学英语语言学期末考试名词解释和论述答案

名词解释 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba14201921.html,petence and Performance: The distinction is discussed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s. Competence----the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. Performance----the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. (American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s proposed the distinction between competence and performance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky, performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment, etc.. Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too haphazard. ) 2.Sociolinguistics: is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.( It is a field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and behaviors, some of which are linguistic.) https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba14201921.html,nguage Acquisition: refers to t he child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. (Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s devel opment of their first language, that is, the native language of the community in which a child has been brought up.) 4.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf (and also a belief held by some scholars). It states that the way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the structure of their native language. (2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts, i.e. linguistic determinism and relativism. Whorf proposed first that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly, language determines thought, i.e. the notion of linguistic determinism. Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, i.e. relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism. 5.Phrase structure rule: The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as: NP →(Det) + N +(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the plate, pretty girls. VP →(Qual) + V + (NP)……e.g. always play games, finish assignments. AP →(Deg) + A + (PP)……very handsome, very pessimistic, familiar with, very close to PP →(Deg) + P + (NP)……on the shelf, in the boat, quite near the station.

高考英语作文万能短语

高考英语作文万能短语 1first, second, third……首先,第二,第三….. 2firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally首先,第二,第三,最后 3to begin with, then, furthermore, finally首先,然后,其次,最后 4to start with, next, in addition, finally首先,然后,其次,最后 5first of all, besides, last but not least首先,其次,最后 6most important of all, moreover, finally最重要的,其次,最后 7on the one hand, on the other hand 适用于两点的情况一方面,另一方面 8for one thing, for another 适用于两点的情况一方面,另一方面 英语作文:短语优先原则 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处: 其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。 其二、凑字数,用短语是一个办法! 比如:I cannot bear it.我无法忍受它了。可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.我无法忍受它了。I want it.我想要它。 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.我想要它。 It’s important.这个很重要。 可以用短语表达: It’s of great importance.这个很重要。 英语作文:过渡语原则 并列用语: as well as也 not only…but also不仅……还 including,包括 英语作文:对比用语 on one hand 一方面

系解名词解释

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作用:是主要的呼吸肌,收缩时,胸腔容积增大,以助吸气9.腹股沟韧带:腹外斜肌腱膜的下缘卷曲增厚连于髂前上棘和耻骨结节之间叫做腹股沟韧带。 10.腹股沟镰(联合腱):腹内斜肌的下部肌束行向内下方,跨过精索后延为腱膜,再向内侧与腹横肌的腱膜会合形成。 11.腹股沟管:在腹股沟韧带内侧半的上方,内口为腹股沟管深环(腹环)位于腹股沟韧带中点上方1.5厘米,外口为腹股沟管浅环(皮下环),位于耻骨结节的外上方,男性内穿精索,女性内穿子宫圆韧带。补:股三角:由腹股沟韧带,长收肌内侧缘和和缝匠肌内侧缘围成。三角内有股神经,股血管和淋巴结等。 12.咽峡:腭垂、腭帆游离缘,两侧的腭舌弓及舌根共同围成,它是口腔和咽的分界。 13.十二指肠大乳头:位于十二指肠降部十二指肠纵襞的下端的突起,胆总管和胰管开口于此,其距中切牙约75厘米。 14.十二指肠悬韧带(Treitz韧带):十二指肠空肠曲被十二指肠悬肌固定于腹后壁的右膈脚上,十二指肠悬肌和包绕其下段的腹膜皱襞共同构成十二指肠悬韧带,是手术中确定空肠起始的重要标志。15.齿状线:肛瓣与肛柱的下端共同形成锯齿状的环形线,此线以上为黏膜,以下为皮肤。 16.白线:肛梳下缘有一不明显的环形线,称白线。活体肛门指诊检查时可触及此处有一条环形浅沟,是肛门内外括约肌的分界处。17.肝门:位于肝脏面的一条横沟,是肝固有动脉,肝门静脉,肝左

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外国新闻史名词解释 传播发展三大里程碑:语言的产生是人类传播史上第一个重要的里程碑;文字的出现;印刷术的发明是人类传播史上第三个重要的里程碑。 新闻信:新闻信是指传递、交流信息的公私信件。他是西方古代历史上流传最广的手写传播形式。产生和发展于罗马帝国时代。新闻信主要流行于上层社会。有些记述了当时许多重大事件和人物,记录了罗马的生活、乡村情况、以及民间习俗等。标志着世界上第一批职业新闻工作者的诞生,“新闻信”也成为世界上第一批新闻商品。 新闻书:16世纪末,西欧等地开始出现了不定期的印刷品,主要报道一些比较重要的事件。这种印刷品与记事性小册子相比,新闻性明显增强,并因其书本形式,被称为新闻书。新闻书与报刊相比:形式内容上,虽有刊名,但出版日期不固定、出版间隔很长。新闻迟缓,时效性不高;受众方面,没有固定订户,只在市场上像其他书一样公开出售;出版者多为印刷商,以印刷其他书籍为主,附带出版自己编写的新闻书。 威尼斯小报:16世纪在地中海北岸的威尼斯出现的手写的小报。内容主要是商品行情、船期和交通信息,间或也报道政局变化、战争消息和灾祸事件。这些小报不定期,沿街兜售,每份一个铜元。后来这种小报流传到罗马以及欧洲各国,就称为威尼斯小报。 皇家特许制:1534年,英王亨利八世正式颁令建立皇家特许制度,规定所有出版商均须经过皇家许可,否则禁止营业。 知识税:1712年,英国国会在托利党人操纵下通过法案,规定对所有报刊一律征收印花税,同时对报刊使用的纸张征收纸张税,刊登的广告征收广告税,这三种税合称为“知识税”。英国政府征收“知识税",既可以增加财源,又能达到寓禁于税的目的。而开征以后许多报刊不堪重负,被迫停刊,“知识税”严重阻碍了英国报业的发展为政府增加财源又限制报业。因此在各方面的压力下,政府逐步降低了“知识税”。逐年取消了广告税、印花税、纸张税,英国报业背负了150年的沉重经济包袱彻底解除了。英国报业的活力大增,发展步伐明显加快。尤为重要的是,催生了廉价报纸的出现。

英文写作名词解释

What is a summary? A summary is a short piece of writing that gives the main facts or ideas of a story or article,etc. The qualities of a good summary? It should be objective,that is,the writer does not include any ideas of his/her own. It should be complete ,that is,the writer does not leave out important facts or ideas. It should be balanced,in other words,the writer gives equal attention to each main idea. The goal of a summary? It is to give readers an objective,complete,accurate and balanced view of something(an article,a story ,a novel,a play,etc) Paragraph unity A unified paragraph contains only sentences that explain or support the general statement made in the topic sentence.Any sentence that does not relate to (=is not connected in some way)the main idea will not develop it. How to achieve paragraph unity? Begin with a discussable point and express it in a topic sentence. Stick to this single point throughout,that is,all other sentence should be about this point. Prove or develop the point;don 't merely repeat it. Link your sentence to make your ideas easy to follow. How to outline (=to give the main facts about something) a story? Divide the story into smaller parts. Summarize each part in one sentence. Number your sentence summaries to make them an outline of the story. What is a narrative paragraph? A narrative paragraph is one that briefly describes an incident or a personal experience. Requirements that a good narrative paragraph should meet? Though its length is limited,it is complete,that is,it has a beginning,middle and end. It includes as little conversation as possible. Its sentences are connected by suitable linking words or expressions. Here are some common time linking words/expressions. Afterward later when shortly afterward soon while the next day/night then Paragraph coherence(Coherence is connection ) A coherent paragraph is one in which every sentence after the first is connected to the one before it,to the topic sentence ,or to both ,and readers can readily follow the writer 's train of thought(= a related series of thoughts) An incoherence paragraph is one in which the sentences are badly connected or not connected at all,and the readers are likely to lose their way. How to achieve paragraph coherence? Arrange sentence in a clear order. Use correct pronouns Use correct linking words and expressions. What is exposition?

英语写作必背短语

1、具有别人不可比拟的优势have an incomparable advantage over others 2、承担责任assume one’s responsibility Parents should assume their responsibility to educate their kids. 3、基础知识rudimentary /fundamental knowledge 4、缺乏自信lack of confidence 5、适应adapt oneself to I try to adapt myself to the new environment. 6、头脑简单simple-minded without the proper education, children will become simple-minded 7、拥有明显优势possess an apparent advantage over 8、智慧ability and wisdom 9、摆脱get rid of 10、充分准备full preparation passing the ielts requires your full preparation. 11、感情交流emotional contact 12、过去的辉煌和成绩past glory and achievement 13、积极参加active participation 14、交际能力social skill 15、教学设施teaching facilities 16、老师和校方领导school teacher and administrator 17、强烈的失落感 a strong sense of loss 18、使熟悉acquaint oneself with acquaint myself with the oversea academic circumstances 19、消除孤独感和不适应感remove loneliness and disorientation 20、校方school authorities 21、校园活动campus activity 22、昂贵的学费costly tuition fee 23、毕生的记忆lifelong memories Studying under Mr.zhang’s instruction will always be my 24、辨明是非distinguish right from wrong 25、成就感a sense of achievement 26、抵挡住诱惑resist the temptation 27、独立思考和学习independent thinking and learning 28、高素质、有经验的老师highly qualified, well-experienced teaching staff 29、极大的财富an immense asset 30、尖端科学advanced science 31、经济负担financial burden/ strain 32、开阔视野widen one’s horizon/broaden one’s mind 33、跨文化交际cross-cultural communication 34、扩大知识面broaden one’s scope of knowledge 35、全身心投入be immersed in I might as well be immersed in learning another tongue. 36、人才短缺shortage of talent 37、人际交往能力interpersonal skill 38、伤感情的emotionally damaging 39、适应性强的be more adaptable 41、脱颖而出stand out from the crowd The new policy will enable those who stand out from the crowd to receive better education. 42、一流的设备first-rate facilities 43、易受到社会恶习腐蚀be vulnerable to social evils 44、语言障碍language barrier

系解英文名词解释

1.Piphyseal cartilage(epiphysial line)骺软骨(骺线) 长骨的两端膨大称为骺。幼年时,骨干与骺之间的有透明软骨,成年后软骨骨化,骨干与骺融为一体,其间遗留的痕迹,叫骺线。 2.Pterion翼点 翼点是额、顶、颞、蝶四骨会合处,骨质薄弱,内面有脑膜中动脉前支通过。Paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦 又名副鼻窦,是上颌骨,额骨,筛骨,蝶骨内骨腔,位于鼻腔周围,并开口于鼻腔。共四对,均位于同名骨内。由于鼻旁窦粘膜与鼻腔粘膜相续,故鼻腔炎症可蔓延至鼻旁窦引起鼻窦炎。 3.Diploe 板障 颅盖骨表层为密质,分别称内板和外板。两板之间的松质称为板障,有板障静脉通过。 4.Vertebral foramen(vertebral canal) 椎孔(椎管) 椎体与椎弓围成椎孔,各椎骨的椎孔连成椎管,椎管内容纳脊髓及其被膜。5.Intervertebral foramina 椎间孔 相邻椎骨椎弓根的上下切迹围成椎间孔,有脊神经和血管通过。 6.Sternal angle 胸骨角 胸骨柄和体连接处微向前凸,称胸骨角,可在体表扪及,两侧平对第2肋,是计数肋的重要标志。向后平对第4胸椎体下缘。 7.Intervertebral disc 椎间盘 椎间盘是连结相邻两个椎体的纤维软骨盘。 8.Costal arch 肋弓 为第8~10肋软骨各与上位肋软骨相连形成;为重要的体表标志。 9.Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙 为前、中斜角肌与第1肋围成的三角形的空隙;内有臂丛神经及锁骨下动脉通过。 10.Isthmus of fauces(oropharyngeal isthmus) 咽峡 腭垂、腭帆游离缘、两侧的腭舌弓,和舌根共同围成咽峡。是口腔和咽的分界处。 11.Calot triangle(cystohepatic triangle) 卡洛氏三角(胆囊三角) 胆囊管、肝总管及肝脏脏面三者构成的三角形区域称为胆囊三角,内有胆囊动脉通过,是胆囊手术中寻找胆囊动脉的标志。 12.Dentate line 齿状线 连接各肛柱下端与各肛瓣边缘的锯齿状环行线称齿状线。 13.Costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝 肋胸膜和膈胸膜互相转折处形成较大的间隙。 14.Renal region 肾区 是指竖脊肌外侧缘与第12肋之间的区域,为肾门的体表投影处(相当于第1腰椎水平)。 15.Renal hilum 肾门 renal sinus肾窦 肾内侧缘中间凹陷称为肾门,是肾盂,肾动静脉,淋巴管,神经的出入处。出入肾门的结构合成肾蒂(从前向后静动盂,从上到下动静盂)。由肾门深入肾实质的凹陷称为肾窦。

诊断学大体题目和名解英文

名解: 1.症状symptom 2.体征sign 3.发热fever 4.稽留热continued fever 5.弛张热remittent fever 6.间歇热intermittent fever 7.波状热undulant fever 8.回归热recurrent fever 9.不规则热irregular fever 10.水肿edema 11.咳嗽cough 12.咳痰expectoration 13.咯血hemoptysis 14.呕血hematemesis 15.放射痛或牵涉痛radiating pain P41 16.呼吸困难dyspnea 17.心源性呼吸困难或心源性哮喘cardiac asthma 18.Kussmaul 呼吸 19.Saegesser 征 20.腹泻diarrhea 21.黄疸jaundice 22.Gilbert综合征 23.Crigler-Najiar综合征 24.Rotor综合征 25.Dubin-Johnson综合征 26.夏科Charcot三联征 27.血尿haematuria 28.尿频frequent micturition 29.尿急urgent micturition 30.尿痛odynuria 31.尿路刺激征 32.神经源性膀胱 33.意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 34.嗜睡somnolence 35.意识模糊confusion 36.嗜睡stupor 37.昏迷coma 38.谵妄delirium 39.问诊inquiry 40.主诉chief complaint 41.现病史history of present illness 42.既往史past history 43.系统回顾review of systems 44.月经史menstrual history 45.体格检查physical examination 46.检体诊断physical diagnosis 47.视诊inspection 48.触诊palpation 49.叩诊percussion 50.叩诊音percussion sound 51.清音resonance 52.浊音dullness 53.实音flatness 54.鼓音tympany 55.过清音hyperresonance 56.听诊auscultation 57.嗅诊olfactory examination 58. 生命征vital sign 59.无力型asthenic 60.超力型sthenic type 61.正力型ortho-sthenic type 62.营养不良innutrition 63.营养过剩excess nutrient 64.精神障碍mental disorders 65.自知力insight 66.二尖瓣面容mitral facies 67.甲亢面容thyrotoxic facies 68.体位position 69.被动体位passive position 70.强迫体位compulsive position 71.端坐呼吸orthopnea 72.间歇性跛行intermittent claudication 73.发绀cyanosis 74.色素沉着pigmentation 75.斑疹maculae 76.玫瑰疹roseola 77.丘疹papules 78.斑丘疹maculopapule 79.荨麻疹urticaria 80.瘀点petechia 81.紫癜purpura 82.瘀斑ecchymosis 83.血肿hematoma 84.蜘蛛痣spider angioma 85.肝掌liver palms 86.溃疡ulcer

(完整版)英美文学名词解释最全版

01. Humanism(人文主义) 1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) 1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. 2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation. 3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) 1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. 2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. 3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. 04. Classicism(古典主义) Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes. 05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动) 1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century. 2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century. 3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. 4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education. 5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc. 06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义) 1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.

系统解剖学名词解释(重点解释)

1.胸骨角:胸骨柄与体连接处微向前突称胸骨角,其两侧平对第2肋,向后平对第4胸椎体下缘,是计数肋的重要标志。 系统解剖学名词解释 3.蝶筛隐窝:蝶筛隐窝为上鼻甲后上方与蝶骨之间的间隙,是蝶窦开口的部位。 4. 黄韧带:位于椎管内,连结相邻两椎弓板间的韧带,由黄色的弹性纤维构成。协助围成椎管,并有限制 脊柱过度前屈的作用。 5.界线(骨盆上口):由骶骨岬向两侧经弓状线、耻骨梳、耻骨结节至耻骨联合上缘构成的环形界线,分为上方的大骨盆和下方的小骨盆。 6.骨盆下口:由尾骨尖、骶结节韧带、坐骨结节、坐骨支、耻骨支和耻骨联合下缘围成,呈菱形。 8.斜角肌间隙:由前斜角肌、中斜角肌与第一肋之间共同构成的裂隙,其中有臂丛神经和锁骨下动脉通过。9.腹股沟韧带:腹外斜肌的下缘卷曲增厚连于髂前上棘和耻骨结节之间所形成的一个具有弹性和韧性的腱性结构;其在局部可形成腔隙韧带、耻骨梳韧带以及腹股沟管浅环。 10.Hesselbach Triangle (海氏三角):位于腹前壁下部,由腹直肌外侧缘、腹股沟韧带和腹壁下动脉共同围成的三角区域;是腹壁下部的薄弱区,腹腔内容物由此区膨出形成腹股沟直疝。 11. 咽峡:由腭帆后缘、左右腭舌弓及舌根共同围成的狭窄处称咽峡,为口腔通咽的孔裂是口腔和咽的分界 处。 12. 肝门:在肝的脏面有近似“H”形的沟,其中的横沟称肝门,是肝固有动脉左、右支,肝门静脉左、右 支、肝左、右管、神经和淋巴管出入肝的部位 13. Calot三角:由胆囊管、肝总管和肝的脏面围成的三角形区域称胆囊三角。因为胆囊动脉一般在此三角内 经过,所以此三角是胆囊手术中寻找胆囊动脉的标志。 14. 纵隔:纵隔是左、右纵隔胸膜之间的全部器官、结构与结缔组织的总称。 15. 肾门:肾内侧缘中部的凹陷称肾门,为肾的血管、神经、淋巴管及肾盂出入之门户。 16. 肾蒂:出人肾门的肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂、神经和淋巴管等合称为肾蒂。肾蒂内结构的排列关系由前 向后为:肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂;由上向下为:肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂。 17. 肾区:肾区即脊肋角,在竖脊肌的外侧缘与第12肋之间的夹角区域叫肾区,其深面为肾门和肾的内侧 缘,患某些肾病时,此区可有叩击痛。 19. 输尿管间襞:在膀胱内面,两输尿管口之间的横行皱襞叫输尿管间襞,是膀胱镜检时,寻找输尿管口 的标志 20. 子宫峡:子宫颈阴道上部的上端与子宫体相接处较狭细,称子宫峡。非妊娠期此部不明显,在妊娠末期 可延长至7~11cm,峡壁渐变薄,剖宫产术常在此进行 21. 阴道穹:阴道的上端包绕子宫颈阴道部,二者间形成的环形凹陷称阴道穹,可分前部、后部和2个侧部。 其中,以阴道穹后部最深并与直肠子宫陷凹紧密相邻。临床上可经此穿刺或引流陷凹内的积液。22.肝肾隐窝:肝肾隐窝位于肝右叶与右肾之间,其左界为网膜孔和十二指肠降部,右界为右结肠旁沟。 在仰卧时,肝肾隐窝是腹膜腔的最低部位。 23.体循环:血液由左心室搏出,经主动脉及其分支到达全身毛细血管,血液在此与周围的组织、细胞进行物质和气体交换,再通过各级静脉,最后经上、下腔静脉及心冠状窦返回右心房,这一循环途径称体循环(大循环)。主要特点是路程长、流经范围广,以动脉血滋养全身各部并将其代谢产物和二氧化碳运回心。 24.肺循环:血液由右心室搏出,经肺动脉干及其各级分支到达肺泡毛细血管进行气体交换,再经肺静脉进入左心房,这一循环途径称肺循环(小循环)。主要特点是路程较短,只通过肺,主要使静脉血转变成氧饱合的动脉血。 25.Koch三角:右心房的冠状窦口前内缘、三尖瓣隔侧尖附着缘和Todaro腱之间的三角区,称Koch 三角。此三角的前部心内膜深面为房室结。

外国新闻史中的名词解释

名词解释: 多种声音,一个世界:在国际新闻传播领域,发达国家和发展中国家之间存在严重的发展不平衡,流向不合理,内容不公正的现象.为此发展中国家进行了一系列斗争.1976年,联合国教科文组织责成教科文总干事审查当代社 会在传播过程中存在的全部问题.为此成立了国际交流问题研究委员会,1980年,该委员会提交报告<< 多种声音,一个世界>>该报告以大量材料论证了世界新闻传播确实存在不均衡不合理的状况,支持建立 新的传播秩序,并且提出82条具体建议.教科文组织通过了决议,并设立指导机构以促其实现.这些遭到 了以美国为首的少数西方国家的不满,反对改变现存的状况,于是历次教科文组织会议总是存在着斗 争. 香港卫星电视台:这是亚太本地区最早的国际电视台,原为李嘉诚的和记黄埔集团创办,1991年4月开播,设立新闻,音乐,体育,综艺和中文频道,分别用英语,华语日夜开播.1993年观众约1.7亿.后来默多克集团买下该台,增加 频道,语种.1996年3月,香港卫视同两家公司合办凤凰卫视中文台,以中国大陆,港台地区和华人为对象, 集新闻,娱乐,服务为一体,24小时播送. 特莱维萨电视公司:组建于1973年,目前是墨西哥,西班牙语系影响最大的广播电视机构,拥有电视台约300座,广播电台17座,节目制作公司3家,墨西哥最大的有线电视系统一家,报刊若干家,它的电视网都是以娱乐性节目为 主的综合频道,节目”回声”日夜报道世界各地新闻,该公司参与拉美空中台的创办,向西班牙开拓业务, 它还是节目制作和销售商,公司股份大部分属于阿斯卡拉加家族. 互联网:指计算机互联网络,它是由许多台地理位置不同并具有独立功能的计算机,通过特定的通讯设备和技术协议相互联结起来,以实现信息传输和资源共享的网络系统.目前最大的国际性互联网是因特网,已覆盖大多数国家和地区,成为公用的计算机信息系统.互联网是一种信息传输媒介,更是传播和交易信息的平台. 三社四边协定:从19世纪50年代起,欧洲三大通讯社哈瓦斯社,路透社,沃尔夫社就有一些交换股票行情协定,1850年达成协定,相互交换新闻,大致规定以本国为发行新闻的范围,互不侵犯,后来他们业务日益越过国界,同殖 民扩张相联系.经过争夺,世界新闻市场基本分割完毕.为确认既成事实和各自垄断范围,1870年1月7日 签订”联环同盟”协定,该协定以三大通讯社为主,美国的纽约联合社虽参与,但不能插足美国以外的地 区.称为”三社四边协定” 媒体寡头:寡头是指俄罗斯社会转型期的产物,指在私有化过程中聚敛了大量财富的金融资本家,这些人为了制造有利于自身发展的舆论环境,通过融资投资等方式掌握了大量传播媒介,形成王国,操纵舆论. 发展新闻学:发展中国家政府对报业管理宽严不一,总的开说发展中国家重视并提倡报刊的社会责任,强调报纸应该根据国家利益引导舆论,强调报纸在保持社会稳定,维护民族利益,推动经济发展的积极作用,反对不受约束的无 限制的新闻自由,这种被称为发展新闻学,指导新闻业的理论,在发展中国家新闻界有广泛代表性和重大影 响.

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