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[全]成人高考英语核心考点详解

[全]成人高考英语核心考点详解
[全]成人高考英语核心考点详解

成人高考英语核心考点详解

考点1:语音

开音节

1. 以不发音的元音字母e 结尾。例如:mike, same,gate

2. 以辅音+发音的元音字母结尾。例如:she, me, so

开音节的读音规则:元音字母在开音节中一般读它的字母音。

闭音节

以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾,而又只包含一个元音字母的音节称为闭音节,如:at, but,

am, back 等。

闭音节的读音规则:元音字母在闭音节中读所规定的短元音。

a/ae/ e/e/ i(y)/i/ o/?/ u/?/或/u/

元音字母的读音

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

1) a 读作/?/

again /??gen/ ago/??g??/ vacation /v??ke??n/

woman/?w?m?n/ breakfast/?brekf?s/

a+辅音字母+无声字母e,读/i/

village/?v?l?d?/ comrade/?k?mre?d/ palace/?p? lis/ 2) e 读作/?/ 或/i/

excellent /?eks?l?nt/ silent/?sail?nt/ open/???p?n/ exam/ig?z? m/ sentence/?sent?ns/ problem/?pr?bl?m/ decide/di?said/

e 在前缀和后缀中读/i/

behind/bi?haind/ wanted/?w?ntid/ actress/?? ktris/ exam/ig?z? m/ decide/di?sai?d/ repeat/ri?pi:t/

3) i(y)读作/i/或/ai/

lily /?lili/ city/?siti/ satisfy/?s? tisfai/

4)o 读作/?/ 或/?/

bottom/?b?t?m/ common/?k?m?n/ second/?sek?nd/ o 在词尾的非重读音节中常读/?u/

radio/?reidi??/ potato /p??teit??/ piano/pi?? n??/

5)u 读作/?/ ,/ju/

autumn /??:t?m/ support/s??p?:t/ occupy/??kjupa?/

其他常见字母组合在非重读音节中的读音

-tion ,-sion ,-ssion 读作/?n/ 或/??n/

production/pr??d?k?n/ section/?sek?n/ nation/?nei?n/ version/?v?:?n/ impression/im?pre?n/

常见元音字母组合的读音

ar 读作/ɑ:/ 如: car/kɑ?/ hard/hɑ?d/ park/pɑ?k/

or 读作/?:/ 如: horse/h?:s/ sport/sp?:t/ north/n?:θ/

er,ir,ur 均读作/ ?:/ 如: term/t?:m/ shirt/??:t/ burn/b?:n/ ee 读作/i:/ 如: feel/fi:l/ sleep/sli:p/ see/si:/

ea 读作/i:/ 如: meat/mi:t/ peace/pi:s/ clean/kli:n/

ei ,ie 读作/i:/ 如: field/fi:ld/ deceive/di?si:v/ piece/pi:s/ ear 读作/i?/ 或/??/

(/i?/ tear /ti?/ hear/hi?(r)/ year/ji?(r)/)

( /??/ wear/we?(r)/ bear/be?(r)/ pear/pe?(r)/ )

ear 后有辅音时读作:/ ?:/ (learn/l?:n/ early/??:li]/)

ew, eu 读作:/ju:/ new/nju:/ few/fju:/

feudal/?fju:dl/ neutral/?nju:tr?l/

au , augh, aw 读作/?:/ cause/k?:z/ daughter/?d?:t?(r)/ saw/s?:/

ig, igh 读作/ai/ bright/brait/ high/hai/ sign/sa?=in/

ai , ay 读作/ei/ play/plei/ way/wei/ main/mein/

ind 读作/aind/ mind/maind/ kind/kaind/ find/faind/

ou 读作/au/ 或/?/ house/ha?s/ about/??ba?t/ sound/sa?nd/

al 读作/?:/ 或/?:l/ talk/t?:k/ walk/w?:k/ ball/b?:l/

oi, oy 读作/?i/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ joy/d??i/

ia , ie, io 读作/ai?/ dialogue/'dai?l?ɡ/ quiet/?kwai?t/ violence/?vai?l?ns/ oo 读作/u:/ ,有时也读作/u/ food/fu:d/ school/sku:l/ good/g?d/

oo 后面为K 时,读作/u/ book/b?k/ look/l?k/

oor, oar 读作/?:/ board/b?:d/ floor/fl?:(r)/ door/d?:(r)/

oa 读作/?u/ road/r??d/ coat/k??t/ load/l??d/

ow 读作/au/ 或/?u/ know/n??/ grow/gr??/ now/na?/

our 读作/?:/ 或/au?/ pour/p?:(r)/ course/k?:s/ our/a??/ ough 读作/?:/ bought/b?:t/ thought/θ?:t/

owe 读作/au?/ flower/?fla??(r)/ power/?pa??(r)/ tower/?ta??(r)/ 字母在单词中不发音的规则,一般有下列14 条:

1.字母b 在字母t 之前

如:debt [det] (欠债)

2.字母b 在字母m 之后

如:comb [k??m] (梳子)

3.字母c 在字母s 之后

如:muscle [?m?sl] (肌肉)

4.字母d 在词尾-dge 中

如:bridge [br?d?] (桥)

5.字母g 在字母n 之前

如:sign [sain] (标记)

6.字母gh 在t 之前

如:fight [fait] (打)

7.字母h 在r 之后

如:rhythem ['riem] (节奏)

8.字母h 在词首ex-之后

如:exhibition [eksi'bi∫n] (展览会)9.字母h 在词首gh 中

如:ghost [g??st] (鬼)

10.字母k 在字母n 之前

如:knee [ni:] (膝)

11.字母l 在-alf,-alk,-alm,-ould 中如:talk [t?:k] (谈话)

half [ha:f] (一半)

calm [ka:m] (平静)

could [kud] (能)

12.字母n 在词尾-mn 中

如:autumn [??:t?m] (秋天)

13.字母t 在词尾-sten,-stlet 和-ften 中

如:listen [' lisn] (听)

castle ['ka:sl] (城堡)

soften [?s?fn] (软化)

14.字母w 在字母r 之前

如:wrong [r??] (错)

考查元音字母在单词中的发音

1. A.penalty B.moment C.quarrel D.absent ( A )

2. A.sympathy B.material C.courage D.analysis ( C )

3. A.vital B.silent C.collide D.fierce ( D )

4. A.uncle B.product C.rural D.ugly ( C )

考查元音字母组合在单词中的发音

1. A. taught B.caught https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba12711582.html,ugh D.fault ( C )

2. A. measure B.deadline C.heat D.feather ( C )

考查辅音字母在单词中的发音

1. A.revise B.consist C. advertise D.visit ( B )

2. A. reception B.receipt C.capture D.concept ( B )

考查其他字母组合的发音

1. A. donkey B.turkey C.money D.obey ( D )

2. A.starvation B.suggestion C.satisfaction D.situation ( B )

3. A.slow B.shower C.flower D.how ( A )

第二部分词汇与语法

词汇与语法部分,总共15 小题,每题1 分,共15 分.如果能掌握以下这些主要内容,至少能得6-8 分。在平时学习过程中,要注意多积累相关词汇和语法的使用。

考点1:名词

一、名词的意义和分类

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词,如:desk, computer, sky, pen 等名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词是指具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称,如China, New York 等。

普通名词是指表示某类人或某类事物的名称。普通名词又分为:

二、名词的数

(一)名词分两类:

1.可数名词(countable noun)能用数目计算的事物和概念的名词

如:desk book computer apple

2.不可数名词(uncountable noun)不能用数目计算的事物或者抽象概念的名词

water rain sunshine coffee

(二)可数名词有单数和复数之分:

apple-apples

pencil-pencils

tomato-tomatoes

不可数名词,无复数,只用单数表示

salt-salt coffee-coffee water-water

(三)名词变复数的规则:

1.一般末尾加上后缀-s

girl-girls friend-friends

2.以s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后缀-es

bus→buses quiz→quizzes(小型考试) fox→foxes

match→matches flash→flashes

3.辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,将y 变为i,再加-es

candy-candies factory-factories

4.以-o 结尾的名词,加-es

tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes potato-potatoes

但是,如果-o 结尾的这个名词是属于外来词,则直接加-s

photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios

5.以f 或fe 结尾的名词,一般要把“f ”或者”fe”变v,再加-es life-lives leaf-leaves wife-wives

6.少数不规则的名词变化形式

man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth

(四)可数名词前可加a(an)或量词

apple-an apple- apples-a box of apples

tomato-a tomato-tomatoes-a bag of tomatoes

不可数名词前不可加a(an),没有复数,但前面可以加量词

coffee-a cup of coffee

英语中常用”of“词组来表示数量。of 前面表示数量的名词,根据情况用单数或者复数。of 后

面如是不可数名词,用单数;如是可数名词,用复数

a cup of tea two glasses of milk

three basket of apples one box of eggs

考点2:冠词

(一)不定冠词

不定冠词有两种形式:a 和an

a 用于辅音(不一定是辅音字母)开头的名词前,如:a

teacher/university/house

an 用于元音(不一定是元音字母)开头的名词前,如:an

apple/hour/egg/orange

不定冠词的用法:

1.表示某类人或事物当中的一个,如:

Her brother is a college student.

2.表示数量:即表示数量“一”,如:

A year is divided into twelve months.

3.表示同一性,说明事物的同一特征,大小,程度或性质。如:

This hat and that one are of a shape

4.指事物的单位,相当于every any, 如:

She kept on writing to her parents once a month

不定冠词的常见词组搭配:

a lot of ; a good many ; as a result; as a matter of fact

定冠词the 的常见用法:

1. 特指某人或某物时

(1)特指上文已提过的人或物。

如:He came across an old friend in a shop. The friend was now a general manager.

(2)特指双方都知道的人或物。

如:Did you park the car at the corner?

(3) 特指形容词最高级、比较级所修饰的某个确定的人或物。

如:He chose the bigger orange, but she chose the smallest one.

2.世界上独一无二的名词及乐器名词前。

如:The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. Do you like to play the piano or the violin?

3. the +形容词,表示一类人或物。

如:the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the sick

如:He stole from the rich to give to the poor.

4. the +姓氏s,表示一家人或一对夫妇。

如:the Greens, the Smiths ,the Zhangs, the Curies(居里夫妇)

零冠词的用法:

1.用在学科、球类运动或游戏名称前:

English is learned in most high school.

They enjoy playing basketball in the afternoon.

The old are playing chess under the tree.

2.一日三餐前(但如其前后有形容词或从句、短语修饰时,应加冠词) We usually go to school after breakfast at seven.

(比较:How do you like the dinner Mr.Jack prepared?)

3.星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前(但月份、季节等词前后如有限制性定语修饰表示特定时间时,其前加the)

Today is Wednesday.

October 1 is National Day.

考点3:代词

代词:代替人或事物的名词

人称代词:

主格代词:I, he, she,it,you,we,they

1. I am a teacher.

2.He is a teacher.

3.You are teachers.

宾格代词:me,him,her,it,you,us,them(放在动词后面做宾语)

1.He likes me.

2.We like her .

3.I like them.

反身代词:

单数形式:myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself

复数形式:yourselves, ourselves, themselves

反身代词用法:

1. Please help yourself to some fish .(宾语)

2.We enjoyed ourselves last night.(宾语)

3.The thing itself is not important.(同位语)

指示代词:

标识人或事物的代词。用来代替前面已经提到过的名词。this(these) that(those)

This is my book.

Those books were his.

不定代词:

指代不确认的人或事物

常用的指示代词:

one, the other, some, any, something, nothing.

No one knows where he is.

Some of the boys want to go to Shanghai, but the others want to go to xi'an.

Each of the students has got a book.

考点4:数词

一、基数词:表示数目多少的词

1、基数词的构成

0-12 的基数词都有独立的单词:

0-zero 1-one 2-two 3-three 4-four 5-five 6-six

7-seven 8-eight 9-nine 10-ten 11-eleven 12-twelve

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成人高考高升专英语解题技巧 一、试卷分析 成人高考高升专英语科满分150分,试卷易中难按照5:4:1比列科学分布。具体分值细分如下:

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三、做完形填空题时,在遵循第三章所述三个步骤的同时,还可利用以下几个判断方法 1.搭配判断法。 根据对以往试题的分析,搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度,比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句,哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。 2.结构判断法。 结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等,解题时要运用句法知识,把握关键词,从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有: (1)转折、让步关系:这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。 常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有:but,still,yet,however,though,although,no matter,in spite of,anyway,even if等。 (2)因果关系: 表示原因的连词或词组有:because(of ),due to,owing to,thanks to,since,for,as等。 表示结果的词或词组有:so,therefore,then,as a result,in consequence,consequently,thus等。 (3)递进、补充关系:这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。

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