环境工程18-28单元专业英语翻译

重点复习①书本18单元P124,125两页（加粗部分那些段落，考定义，复习资料1-2页）；②书本21单元P144~145固废处理方法、垃圾焚化，填埋技术特别是P145第二、三段，复习资料**页；③书本23单元 P156,第三段，噪声控制室负责尖端的技术，复习资料**页。

④书本26单元P169第二部分Operational Procedures，环境影响评价的步骤，考其中的1、2、3、4等小点。

Unit 18Sources and Types of Solid Wastes固体废物的来源和种类Knowledge of the sources and types of solid wastes, along with data on the composition and rates of generation, is basic to the design and operation of the functional elements associated with the management of solid wastes. 了解固体废物的来源和种类，以及其数量组成和产生率，是设计和管理相关固体废物的基本运作条件。

Sources of solid wastes固体废物的来源Sources of solid wastes are, in general, related to land use and zoning. 固体废物的来源，一般来说，与土地使用和划分有关。

Although any number of source classifications can be developed, the following categories have been found useful虽然许多废物的来源分类可以发展，以下是已被发现有用的分类方法 (1)residential , 住宅(2)commercial, 商业(3)municipal, 市政(4) industrial, 工业(5)open areas, 开放地区(6)treatment plants, 处理厂and (7)agricultural. 和农业。

Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。

这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

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汉译英&英译汉（Note Book）Unit1life expectancy(预期寿命) poverty-stricken(极其贫困，贫困不堪的) smog-laden air(充满烟雾的空气) 补：panic-stricken（极其恐慌的）global conditions(全球状况) haves and have-nots(富人和穷人) underprivileged（贫困的，社会地位低下的）savanna（热带草原，热带的稀树大草原）predator（捕食者，食肉动物）environmental disruptions（环境破坏）Unit5primary pollutant 一次污染物secondary pollutant 二次污染物air stagnation 空气停滞nitrous oxide 氧化亚氮nitric oxide 一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮soot 烟尘dust 粉尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 除虫剂Unit10treatment facilities: 处理设备，净化结构municipality: 市政当局，自治市population equivalent: 人口当量basement flooding: 地下室浸水per capital per day: 每人每天runoff: 排水，径流，溢出domestic sewage: 生活污水the type of terrain: 地形种类Unit12land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 类大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 现实出路aquatic life 水生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的endogenous phase 内源生长期Unit13flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线监测Unit14biological degradation 生物降解equalization basin（pond）均质池（塘）aeration basin（tank）曝气池（槽）sludge flocs 污泥絮凝体settling tank 沉降槽dissolved oxygen 溶解氧biofilm 生物膜suspended-growth 悬浮生长Unit21well-compacted landfill 夯实良好的填埋场pulverized refuse 磨（研）碎的垃圾fluidized bed incineration 流化床焚烧wet oxidation 湿式氧化anaerobic digestion 厌氧硝化/过程nutrient source 营养源soil conditioners 土壤改良剂mass-burning 大量燃烧municipal waste 城市垃圾Unit26action 行为biogeophysical environment 地球环境surperficial analyses 肤浅（表面）分析an identification of human concerns 个人的担忧remedial action 补救行动，纠正措施relevant physical and biological factors 有关物质因素和生物因素 a spatial 无空间的frame of reference 参照系（标准）Unit 1农药（pesticide）化肥（chemical fertilizer）有机废物（organic wastes）微生物（organism）衰减（reduction）阻滞的（retardant）稀释（dilute）添加剂（additives）合成塑料（synthetic plastic）再生（regeneration/recovery）Unit 5正常浓度normal concentration 严重污染的heavily polluted决定因素determing factors 光化学氧化物photochemical oxide 液体微滴liquid droplet 放射性物质radioactive substance不完全氧化incomplete oxidation 含硫的sulfuric（sulfur content）风化weathering 汽车尾气automobile exhaustUnit 7出口outlet 多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone合成纤维synthetic fibre 捕集效率collection efficiency机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing（washing）压力降pressure drop焚化炉inciner furnace 气体离子gas ions捕集板collection board 炭黑carbon-blackUnit 9肺囊lung pocket （lung-sac）氟中毒fluorosis 煤烟soot呼吸系统respiratory system 过滤filter 吸附adsorb浓度concentration 硫化氢hydrogen sulfide 硫化铅lead sulfide Unit 13手动控制operator control/ manual control 最优化the most optimization微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox 停留时间residence time模拟simulation 参数parameter水解hydrolysis 积分integralUnit 25温度每升高10℃every rise in temperature of 10℃内部调节机制internal regulatory mechanisms一百万千瓦one-million-kilowatt 热血动物warm-blooded animals 神经系统nervous system 食物链food chain非哺乳动物non-mammalian 冷却系统cooling system热力学第二定律the Second Law of ThermodynamicsUnit 26地理环境geographic environment影响评价方法methodologies for impact assessment替代方案的研究study of alternatives有关环境质量的各组分相对值the relative worth of various components of environmental quality 环境质量标准criteria for environmental quality模型技术modeling techniques基础数据the data baseUnit71.The spiral motion produces the centrifugal forces that cause the particulate matter to move toward the periphery of the vessel and collect on the walls and fall to the bottom of the vessel.旋转运动产生的离心力使颗粒物移向锥体的外围然后沿外壁落入容器的底部（灰斗）。

《环境科学专业英语》专业词汇unit 1：1. 环境科学与工程environmental engineering and science；2. 排污权交易pollution discharge right trade；3. 修复技术restoration technique；4. 臭氧消耗物质ozone consumption material；5. 地下水subsurface water；6. 人口增长population growth；7. 卫生设施与基础设施health facilities and infrastructure；8. 环境健康风险environmental health risk；9. IPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change；10. CFCs 氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon；11. 安全的饮用水safe drinking water；12. 温室气体greenhouse gas；13. 酸雨acid rain；14. 城市化urbanization；15. 工业废弃地derelict industrial land；16. 臭氧层chemosphere；17. 全球大气污染the global air pollution；18. 全球变暖的趋势the trend of global warming；19. 污染物的传输contaminant transport；20. 污染预防pollution preventionunit 4：1. 完整性和可持续性integrity and sustainability；2. 退化与受损的生态系统the ecosystem has been degraded and damaged；3. 生态系统的结构、组成和功能the ecosystem’s structure,composition and functioning；4. 恢复原始的景观recover its predisturbance state；5. 文化信仰与习俗cultural beliefs and customs；6. indigenous species本土物种；7. opportunist species优势种；8. 自然作用the function of nature；9. 火山爆发volcanic eruption；10. 历史轨迹historic trajectory；11. 基础的生态学数据baseline ecological data；12. 预测模型predictive models；13. 外来入侵物种alien invasive species；14. 生态修复Ecological Restoration；15. 恢复生态学Restoration Ecology；16. 全球变化global changing； 17. 监控方法the monitoring function；18. 在干扰之前in predisturbance；19. 根据…制图be charted from；20. 集体的决定collective decisionUnit 7:1、案头研究与野外调查相结合的办法A combined method of desk study and field study2、法定限值 statutory threshold value；3、地图、表格、曲线与照片的利用 The use of maps,graphs/charts,tables and photographs；4、环境影响评价法The law of Environmental impact assessment；5、影响预测impact prediction；6、减缓措施 mitigation measures；7、背景研究 baseline studies；8、环境要素与环境受体environmental components and environmental receptors9、项目说明书 project specification；10、累积影响cumulative impacts；11、环境影响报告书Environmental Impact Statement；12、ERA Environmental risk assessment；13、residual impacts潜在的影响；14、项目施工期constrution phase；15、可替代的生产技术的选择 Selection of alternative production techniques；16、定性分析与定量分析相结合Combine of qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment；17、基础方案base case 18、监控程序monitoring procedures；19、流程图分析 flow chart analysis；20、事件树分析event tree analysis；Unit 12:1. 城市污水的处理深度；treatment levels of municipal sewage；2. 排放许可 pischarge permits；3. 单元操作；unit oprations；4. 单元过程；unit process；5. 污水预处理；preliminary tereatment of sewage；6. 污水一级处理； primary treatment of sewage；7. 污水二级处理；secondary treatment of sewage；8. 污水三级处理；tertizry treatment of sewage；9. 污水高级处理；advanced treatment of sweage；10. 生物营养物去除；biological nutrient removal；11. 氮和磷；nitrogen and phosphorus；12. BOD；biological oxygen demand；13. TSS total suspended solids； 14. 污水消毒；sweage disinfection；15. VOC volation organic compound挥发性有机物；16. 紫外线消毒；UV radiation disinfection；17. 下水道溢流；sewer verflow；18. 大肠菌； colliform bacteria；19. 回流return flow； 20. 过滤filtration； 21. 城市污水处理厂municipal sewage plants； 22. 市政工程municipal engineering；23. 生物处理系统biological treatment systems；24. 有机物organic matter；25. 工程决断engineering judgement； 26. 当地法规local regulations； 27. 沉降作用sedimentation；28. 可沉淀的颗粒物settleable particles； 29.反渗透reverse osmosis； 30. 膜生物反应器membrane bioreactors； 31. 涡流分流器vortex separators；32. 污水净化sewage clarification； 33. 超滤ultrafiltration； 34.出水水质water quality of effluent；35. 富营养化nutrientenrichment/eutrophication；36. 点源污染point source pollution； 37. 面源污染（非点源污染）nonpoint source pollution； 38.老化的基础设施aging infrastructure； 39. 紫外灯UV lamp； 40. 土地处理过程land treatment process。

环境科学与工程专业英语第一篇：环境科学与工程专业英语一、单词/词组（考试时要求：中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学：quantitative environmental science 定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science 衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展：Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度：normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 闭合回路：closed-loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air-quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发：volcanic eruption间歇源：intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧：incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的（五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。

环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第二部分大气化学和大气污染的控制第八单元空气污染物的类型和来源（1）什么是空气污染？空气污染一般被定义为：含有一种或多种在高浓度下的化学物质，对人类、其它动物、植物或者原料有危害的气体。

有两种主要类型的空气污染物。

一次污染物，指以有害浓度进入空气的化学物质。

它可以是一种天然的空气组分，比如二氧化碳超出其正常的浓度；或者一些不常在空气中存在的，比如汽车燃烧含铅汽油排放的含铅化合物。

二次污染物，是指在大气中，由气体成分之间发生的化学反应，产生的有害化学物。

在空气不流动时期，一座城市或者某一区域所排放的高含量污染物，将会造成严重的空气污染。

一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置，比如洛杉矶和墨西哥，使得它们经常特别易受到空气流动停滞和污积物增加的影响。

仅从浓度来确定空气污染物的严重程度，我们必须十分小心。

测量的浓度自身并未告诉我们有关污染物造成的危害的信息，因为临界浓度，协同作用和生物放大效应都是决定因素。

另外，我们遇到了矛盾观点的问题：是什么造成了危害。

下面是11类主要的空气污染物:1.碳氧化物:CO、CO22.硫氧化物:SO2、SO33.氮氧化物:NO、NO、NO 224.烃类(含有C和H的有机化合物):CH4、C4H10、C6H65.光化学氧化剂:O3、PAN(一类过氧酰基硝酸脂)、和各种醛类6.颗粒物(悬浮在空气中的固体颗粒和液滴):烟、粉尘、烟灰、石棉、金属颗粒(例如铅、铍、镉)、石油、盐雾、硫酸盐7.其他无机化合物:石棉、HF、H2S、NH3、H2SO4、HNO38.其他含碳有机化合物:杀虫剂、除草剂、各种醇、酸和其他化学物质9.放射性物质:氚、氡、来自化石燃料和核电站的具有放射性的物质10.热11.噪音下面表格总结了这些主要污染物的来源:。

名词解释5个汉译英20个英译汉20个翻译5个作文1个（老师说：注意看注释）名词解释：①Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.“环境”是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。

②System, a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole.“系统”，一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物。

③Pollution, an undesirable change in the physical，chemical，or biological characteristics of the air，water，or land that can harmfully affect the health，survival，or activities of humans or other living organisms.“污染”，有害影响健康，生存，活动的人或其它生物体的空气，水，或土地的物理，化学或生物特性的不应该有的变化。

④Source reduction: Any action that reduces the amount of waste exiting a process.“资源减量化”：减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。

⑤Waste minimization: The reduction to the extent feasible, of waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.“废物最少化”：产生的废物最大程度减少，然后处理，存储，或者处置。

（完整版）环境专业英语环境：environment 环境工程： environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing 水环境：watershed 水体：water body 流域：watershed水质：water quality 水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality index物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening 生物处理：biological treatment沉淀：sedimentation 化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment 蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution 扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping 好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment 二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment 高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater 生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater 电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater 浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness 水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent 活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank 调节池：adjusting tank 生物反应池：biological reactor 加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank 初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank 絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant 生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation 飘尘：floating dust可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles 能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant 二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides 硝酸：nitric acid盐酸：hydrochloric acid 硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal 吸收：absorption 吸附：adsorption 静电除尘：electric dust precipitation 重力除尘：gravitational settling 臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke 喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity EIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design 大气污染控制工程：air pollution control 水污染控制工程：water pollution control 固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management 污染源：pollution source 同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes 危险废物：hazardous wastes 化学污泥chemical sludge生物污泥：biological sludge 工业固废：industrialwastes 分选处理：separation treatment 矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing 农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume 污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge 污泥浓缩：sludge thickening 带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering 筛分：screening 沼气和沼气化：biogas堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting 生物转化作用：biotransformation热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration 热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization 资源化：resource减量化：pollution control 无害化：harmlessness 物质转化：material conversion固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution 处置：disposal 物质回收：materials recovery control 固体废物处理：processing and recovery 能量回收：energy recovery能量转化：energy conversionenvironmental science 环境科学environmental engineering 环境工程 waste reduction 废物减量化 air pollution control 大气污染控制 wastewater treatment 污水处理solid waste treatment and disposal 固体废物处理与处置soil erosion 水土流失 thermal pollution 热污染 biological communities 生物群落ecosystem 生态系统green science and technology 绿色科技和技术primary pollutant: 一次污染物 secondary pollutant: 二次污染物 carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳methane: 甲烷fossil fuel: 化石（矿物）燃料 power plant: 电厂hydroelectric power: 水力发电clean energy: 清洁能源renewable energy:可再生能源automobile exhaust (emission): 汽车尾气greenhouse effect (gas): 温室效应（气体）air pollution control engineering: 大气污染控制工程cyclone: 旋风除尘器pressure drop: 压力损失，压力降baghouse: 袋式除尘器operating temperature: 操作温度spray tower:喷淋塔 sanitarylandfill:卫生填埋municipal wastewater=sewage=domestic sewage= sanitary sewage: 市政污水，生活污水point source: 点源non-point source: 非点源（面源）pretreatment: 预处理primary treatment: 初（一）级处理secondary treatment: 二级处理tertiary or advanced treatment: 三级处理，深度处理 trickling filter: 滴滤池 activated sludge: 活性污泥 bar rack or screen: 格栅grit chamber: 沉砂池 equalization tank: 调节池 primary settling tank: 初沉池secondary settling tank: 二沉池sustainable development: 可持续发展 recycling economy: 循环经济the sources and sinks of pollutants: 污染物的源与汇 aeration tank: 曝气池aerator: 曝气池，曝气器sedimentation tank: 沉淀池disinfection: 消毒 eutrophication: 富营养化 oxidation ditch: 氧化沟aerobic decomposition 好氧分解 anoxic decomposition缺氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解hydraulic retention time: （水力）停留时间flue gas: 烟气 biodegradable: 可生物降解的 refractory: 难降解的（常用）nondegradable: 不可降解的 acoustical material: 声学材料 soil conditioner: 土壤改良剂 extreme temperature: 极端温度 environmental quality: 环境质量Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water 地表水环境质量标准Ambient Air Quality Standards 环境空气质量标准Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 声环境质量标准缩略词：EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment, 环境影响评价SS：Suspended Solid 悬浮物BOD：Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量 TOC: Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水处理厂SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactor 序批式反应池 RBC: Rotating Biological Contactor 生物转盘 SRT: Sludge Retention Time 污泥龄（污泥停留时间） EPA: Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ISO: International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 EMS: Environmental Management System 环境管理系统 RS: Remote Sensing 遥感GPS: Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GIS: Geographic Information System 地理信息系统TSP: Total Suspended Particulates 总悬浮颗粒物。

环境工程专业英语专业词汇学习汇编UNIT 1 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）arsenic/砷化物 1 2brownfield/棕地（注：请注意此概念的含义）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 3 4 chlorine/氯（气）chlorofluorocarbon/氟氯烃 5 6 contamination/污染Clean Air Act/清洁空气条例7 8 drinking water/饮用水ecological risk/生态风险9 10 ecosystem/生态系统emission/排放（物）11 12endocrine disruptioncompound/ 内分泌干扰素energy-efficiency standard/能效标准13 14 environment/环境environmental engineering/环境工程15 16environmental threat/环境危害exhaust emission control/尾气控制17 18 geochemistry/地球化学greenhouse gas, GHG/温室气体19 20 ground water/地下水habitat/栖息地、居留处21 22landfill leachate/垃圾填埋场渗滤液impact/影响23 24life-cycle assessment/生命周期评价mercury/汞25 26 monitoring/监测MTBE/甲基叔丁基醚27 28 ozone/臭氧pathogen/致病菌（体）2930 PolyChlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)/聚氯联苯pharmaceutical/医药的，制药的31 32 pollutant/污染物power plant/（发）电厂33 34 recalcitrant/难降解的stratosphere/平流层、同温层35 36 surface water/地表水sustainability/可持续性37 38 tetraethyl lead/四乙基铅UNIT 2 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental engineer/环境工程师1 2 renewable/可更新的wastewater/废水、污水 3 4 organic matter/有机物water/水（体） 5 6 adsorption/吸附chronic exposure/长期（慢性）暴露7 8ecology/生态学9 10 micropollutant/微污染物membrane technology/膜技术11 12 nano-particle/pollution/污染13 14 air quality/空气质量volatility/挥发（性、度）15 16chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) /氟氯氢hydrofluorocarbon/氢氟烃17 18 nanotechnology/ozone/臭氧19 20 runoff/（雨水）径流stratosphere/平流层、同温层21 22 pesticide/农药、杀虫剂atmosphere/大气23 24 evapotranspiration/蒸腾refractory/难处理的25 26 biological/生物的global warming/全球变暖27 28 membrane/膜、隔膜industrial wastewater/工业biodegradability/生物可降解性29 30废水municipal wastewater/城市biotic/生物的、生命的31 32污水advanced treatment/高级处abiotic/无生命的、非生物的33 34理degradation/降解、恶化35 36 synthesis/合成、综合redox/氧化还原电位37 38 microorganism/微生物reuse/回用39 40 recycle/再循环、回收criterion, criteria/标准、infrastructure/基础设施41 42指标UNIT 3 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）greenhouse effect/温室效应 1 2 Kyoto Protocol/京都协议atmosphere/大气 3 4 sulphur/硫（磺）precipitation/沉淀、沉降、carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 5 6降雨fossil fuel/矿物染料7 8 air pollution/空气污染nitrous oxide/一氧化二氮（笑9 10 GHG emission/温室气体排放气）halocarbon/卤烃11 12volatile organic/挥发性有机物ozone/臭氧13 14carbon monoxide/一氧化碳（CO）greenhouse gas(GHG)/温室气体15 16 precursor/前体物、母体物thermal radiation/热辐射17 18 troposphere/对流层infrared radiation/红外辐射19 20 volatile/挥发的、挥发性的automobile exhaust fume/汽车尾气21 22 aerosol/气溶胶acid rain/酸雨23 24 methane/甲烷（气）UNIT 4 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）ecological restoration/生态修复1 2ecological integrity/生物完整性renewal/更新 3 4endangered species/频危物种pilot/（中试规模）试验的 5 6biological resource/生物资源hydrology/水文学7 8 mitigation/缓解、减轻in situ/ 原位、就地9 10 topography/地形、地貌ex situ/ 易地、异地11 12demographic growth/人口增长ecosystem management/生态landscape/景观13 14系统管理UNIT 5 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental security/环境安1 2 qualitative/定性的全tributary/支流（的）、辅助的 3 4 quantitative/定量的sustainable development/可持5 6 deforestation/森林砍伐续发展climate change/气候变化7 8 fresh water/淡水water supply/供水9 10 irrigation/灌溉domestic wastewater/生活污degradation/恶化11 12水world health organization desalination/脱盐13 14(WHO)/世界卫生组织combustion/燃烧15 16 water quality/水质pollutant loading/污染物负hydrocarbon/烃类17 18荷perturbation/扰动、干扰19 20 life cycle/生命周期recalcitrant/难处理的21 22 water footprint/水足迹ecological footprint/生态risk assessment/风险评价23 24足迹urbanization/城市化25 26 shortage/短缺deterioration/恶化27 28 nitrogen/氮nutrient/营养物29 30 eutrophication/富营养化aquatic ecosystem/水生态系saltwater intrusion/海水入侵31 32统water scarcity/水短缺33 34 nitrogen loading/氮负荷impact/影响35 36 toxicology/毒理学wetland/湿地37 38 Bio-monitoring/生物监测constructed wetland/人工湿地39 40 metabolize/代谢contaminant/污染物41 42 metabolic/代谢的UNIT 6 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）pentachlorophenol（PCP）/ environmental modeling/环境模拟 1 2五氯酚chemical exposure concentration/3 4 biodegradation/生物降解化学品暴露浓度aquatic chemistry/水化学 5 6 reaeration/复氧water quality criteria/水质标准7 8 discharge/排放（指标）oxygen sag curve（OSC）/氧water quality standard/水质标准9 10垂曲线ammonia/氨11 12 downward/下游、下方向cadmium/镉13 14 aquatic organism/水生生物chromium/铬15 16 dissolved oxygen(do)/溶解氧cyanide/氰化物17 18 rate constant/速率常数acute threshold concentration/急性阈值浓度19 20 kinetic/动力（学）的UNIT 7 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental impactassessment(EIA)/环境影响评价1 2baseline evaluation/本底评价environmental component/环境要素3 4environmental manager/环保经理mitigation measure/减缓措施 5 6 monitoring/监测component assessment/要素评价7 8 baseline survey/本底调查baseline material/本底材料9 10compliance monitoring/跟踪监测baseline information/本底资料11 12 risk assessment/风险评价impact prediction/影响预测13 14 risk management/风险管理environmental assessmentstatement(EAS)/环境影响报告书15 16hazard identification/风险识别cumulative impact/累积影响17 18dose-response assessment/剂量—响应评价environmental riskassessment(era)/环境风险评价19 20exposure population/暴露人群synergistic effect/协同效应21 22 zero discharge/零排放extrapolated data/外延（类推）数23 24 self-purification/自净据environmental management/环境管25 26 emission standard/排放标准理ozone layer/臭氧层27 28 final disposal/最终处置environmental legislation/eco-technology/生态技术29 30环境立法environmental auditing/环cleaner technology/清洁技术31 32境审计life-cycle analysis/生命周期分33 34 byproduct/副产物析hydrosphere/水圈35 36 lithosphere/岩石圈ecological engineering/生hydrodynamics/水动力学、流体力学37 38物工程energy crisis/能源危机39 40 decompose/分解pollution abatement/污染削deteriorate/（使）恶化41 42减UNIT 10 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）natural resource/自然资源 1 2 uranium/铀resource economics/资源经济学 3 4 phosphate/磷potential detrimental/潜在危害 5 6 recyclable/再循环life-support system/生命支持系7 8 environmental economics/环统境经济学renewable resource/可更新资源9 10environmental regulation/环境法规critical threshold/临界阈值11 12intergenerationalfairness/代际公平regenerative capacity/再生能力（容量）13 14species extinction/物种灭绝hydraulic circulation/水力循环15 16 scarcity/稀缺、不足、匮乏iron/铁17 18 unduly/过度地、不适当地aluminum/铝19 20 leaded gasoline/含铅汽油copper/铜21 22 EPA/环境保护局sulfur dioxide/二氧化硫23 24cost-effectiveness/成本-效益coal-burning plant/燃煤电厂25 26 offset policy/补偿政策emission reduction/减排27 28environmental program/环境规划energy-intensive/能源密集型的29 30 environmental tax/环境税UNIT 11 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）analytical chemistry/分析化学 1 2biological monitoring/生物监测human environment/人类环境 3 4physic-chemical principle/物化原理qualitative analysis/定性greenhouse effect/温室效应 5 6分析quantitative analysis/定量chemical structure/化学结构7 8分析molecular structure/分子结organic compound/有机物9 10构physiological effect/生理效应11 12 analyte/分析物lipid solubility/脂溶性13 14 remote sensing/遥感precipitation/沉淀、沉降、沉积15 16 titration/滴定distillation/蒸馏17 18 sample collection/采样validation/验证19 20 lipid/脂electromagnetic radiation/ 21 22 matrix/基质spectrometric/光谱分析23 24 stoichometric/化学计量的gas chromatography(GC)/气mass spectrometric/质谱分析25 26相色谱chemical oxygen demand(cod)/化学27 28 lignin/木（质）素需氧量ultimate BOD(BOD u)/最终生ammonia nitrogen/氨氮29 30化需氧量biological assimilability/可生31 32 polluted water/受污水体物同化性BOD(biological oxygen demand)/33 34 potassium permanganate/高生化需氧量锰酸钾wood-pulping waste/木浆废液（水）35 365-day BOD(BOD5)/5日生化需氧量potassium iodate/碘化钾37 38potassium dichromate/重铬酸钾catalyst/催化剂、促进因素39 40 pyridine/吡啶、氮杂苯aromatic hydrocarbon/芳烃41 42 organic nitrogen/有机氮reduced state/还原态43 44 equivalent weight/当量reducing agent/还原剂45 46 ferrous ion/亚铁离子oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP)/氧化还原电位47 48 hazardous waste/危险废物sulfuric acid/硫酸49 50 nitrate/硝酸盐glucose/葡萄糖51 52 nitrite/亚硝酸盐sulfide/硫化物53 54 zeolite/沸石flame ionization detector(fid)/火焰离子检测器55 56 absorption/吸收hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢57 58 triethanolamine/三乙醇胺benzene/苯59 60 FICK’s law/菲克定律formaldehyde/甲醛61 62 diffusion rate/扩散速率azo dye/偶氮染料63 64 volatile organiccompound(VOC)/挥发性有机化合物thermal desorption/热脱附65 66 stainless steel/不锈钢analytical chemistry 分析化学biologicalassimilability可生物同化性human environment 人类环境BOD(biologicaloxygen demand)生化需氧量greenhouse effect 温室效应wood-pulpingwaste木浆废液（水）chemicalstructure化学结构potassium iodate 碘化钾organic compound 有机物catalyst 催化剂physiological effect 生理效应aromatichydrocarbon芳烃lipid solubility 脂溶性reduced state 还原态precipitation 沉淀、沉降reducing agent 还原剂distillation 蒸馏oxidation-reductionpotential(ORP)氧化还原电位validation 验证sulfuric acid 硫酸electromagneticradiation电磁幅射glucose 葡萄糖spectrometric 光谱分析sulfide 硫化物massspectrometric质谱分析hazardous waste 危险废物chemical oxygen demand(cod) 化学需氧量Complexation络合，配位（作用）biological monitoring 生物监测ultimateBOD(BODu)最终生化需氧量physic-chemicalprinciple物化原理polluted water 受污水体qualitative analysis 定性分析potassiumpermanganate高锰酸钾quantitativeanalysis定量分析5-day BOD(BOD5) 5日生化需氧量molecular structure 分子结构potassiumdichromate重铬酸钾analyte 分析物pyridine 吡啶、氮杂苯remote sensing 遥感organic nitrogen 有机氮titration 滴定equivalentweight当量samplecollection采样ferrous ion 亚铁离子lipid 脂volatile organiccompound (VOC)挥发性有机化合物matrix 基质nitrate 硝酸盐stoichometric 化学计量的nitrite 亚硝酸盐gaschromatography(GC)气相色谱absorption 吸收lignin 木（质）素reflux 回流ammonia nitrogen 氨氮dilution 稀释UNIT 12 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）receiving water/受纳水体 1 2 primary treatment/一级处理local regulation/地方法规 3 4secondary treatment/二级处理unit operation/单元运行 5 6advanced treatment/高级处理unit process/单元过程7 8tertiary treatment/深度处理preliminary treatment/预处理9 10 grit chamber/沉砂池suspended solid/悬浮固体11 12 sedimentation/沉淀、沉降dissolved solid/溶解固体13 14 conventional secondarytreatment/传统二级处理settable matter/可沉降物15 16 filtration/过滤biodegradable organic matter/可降解有机物17 18 phosphorus/磷disinfection/消毒19 20 microscreen/微滤water reuse/水回用21 22nutrient removal/营养物去除biological nutrientremoval(BNR)/生物脱除磷23 24nitrification-denitrification/ 硝化-反硝化total suspended solid(TSS)/总悬浮固体25 26biological treatmentsystem/生物处理系统point source/点源27 28 non-point source/面源turbidity/浊度29 30coliform bacteria/大肠杆菌（E.coli）process analysis/工艺分析31 32combined sewer/合流制污水管overflow/溢流33 34wastewater treatmentplant(WTP)/污水处理厂clarification/澄清、沉淀35 36membrane bioreactor/膜生物反应器membrane filtration/膜过滤37 38 ultrafiltration/超滤reverse osmosis/反渗透39 40 wastewater treatmentprocess/废水处理工艺bioreactor/生物反应器41 42 coagulation/混凝colloid, colloidal/胶体granular/颗粒（状）的43 44（的）hydrophobic/疏水性的45 46 hydrophilic/亲水性的protein/蛋白质47 48 repelling force/（排）斥力opposite charge/反电荷49 50 zeta potential/ ζ电位van der Waals attractive double layer/双电层51 52force/范德华引力cation; anion/阳离子；阴离colloidal particle/胶体颗粒53 54子positive charge/正电荷55 56 microfloc/微絮体neutralize/（使）中和57 58 flocculation/絮凝alkalinity/碱度59 60 alum/铝盐coagulant/混凝剂61 62 coagulant aid/助凝剂destabilization/脱稳（过rapid mixing(tank)/快混（池）63 64程）iso-electric point/等电点65 66 polyelectrolyte/聚电解质aluminum hydroxide/氢氧化aluminum sulfate/硫酸铝67 68铝bicarbonate alkalinity/重碳酸盐69 70 ortho-phosphate/正磷酸盐碱度precipitate/（使）沉淀、沉降71 72 sludge/污泥dewater, dewatering/（使）脱水73 74 thickening/浓缩calcium carbonate/碳酸钙75 76 polymer/聚合物ferric chloride(fecl3)/三氯化铁77 78 hydrogen bonding/氢键coagulant dosage/混凝剂投量79 80 settling tank/沉淀池slow mixing/慢混81 82 flocculation tank/絮凝池seeding/接种83 84domestic wastewater/生活污水biofilm/生物膜85 86trace organic constituent/微量有机成分municipal collection system/城市污水收集系统87 88 aquatic plant/水生植物suspended growth process/悬浮生长工艺/方法89 90attached growth process/附着生长工艺/方法activated sludge process(ASP)/活性污泥工艺91 92 activated sludge/活性污泥aeration tank/曝气池93 94 contact time/接触时间retention time/停留时间95 96Sludge Volume Index(SVI)/污泥容积指数mixed liquor suspendedsolids(MLSS)/混合液悬浮固体97 98mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids(MLVSS)/混合液悬浮挥发性固体clarifier/澄清池、沉淀池99 100 biomass/生物量gravity settling/重力沉降101 102 treated effluent/处理出水suspended solid/悬浮固体103 104 packing material/填料trickling filter/滴滤池105 106 blower/风机liquid film/液膜107 108 liquid/solid separation/固液分离effluent/出水109 110 waste sludge/剩余污泥UNIT 13 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）cooling water/冷却（用）水 1 2 advanced chemical oxidation/高级化学氧化（处理）process water/工艺（用）水 3 4 electrodialysis/电渗析discharge requirement/排放要求（标准）5 6 distillation/蒸馏carbon adsorption/碳吸附7 8 ion exchange/离子交换chemical precipitation/化学沉淀9 0 treated effluent/处理出水chemical oxidation/化学氧化11 12straining/（机械）过滤、表面过滤protozoan/原生动物13 14 oocyst/卵囊nitrification/硝化15 16filter medium/滤池介质（滤料）pressure differential/压（力）差17 18semipermeable membrane/半透膜osmotic pressure/渗透压19 20 cross-flow filtration/错流过滤concentrate stream/浓液21 22 membrane fouling/膜污染concentration gradient/浓度梯度23 24 feed water/进水phenol/酚25 26 hydrolysis/水解concentration polarization/浓差极化27 28total dissolvedsolid(TDS)/总溶解固体barium/钡29 30 chlorination/氯化（处理）backwashing/反冲洗31 32 chemical cleaning/化学清洗nickel/镍33 34 permeate/透过液（淡液）thermodynamic/热动力学（的）35 36 flux/通量fungi/真菌、霉菌37 38 Advanced Oxidation Process(AOP)/高级氧化（处理）工艺hydroxyl free radical(HO·)/羟基自由基39 40 stripping/吹脱、汽提hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢（双氧水）41 42 photolysis/光分解ozonation/臭氧化（处理）43 44ultraviolet(UV)/紫外光（线）first-order kinetics/一级动力学45 46 refractory organic compound/难降解（处理）有机物pilot testing/中试研究47 48 steroid/类固醇aliphatic/脂肪族（质）的49 50trichloroethylene/三氯乙烯UNIT 14 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）gaseous pollutant/气态污染物 1 2 dust removal/cyclone/旋风分离器 3 4water quality management/水质管理electrostatic precipitator/静电沉降器5 6 scrubber/洗涤器fabric filter/布袋除尘器（滤布过滤）7 8coal-burning electricgenerating plant/燃煤电厂micropore/微孔9 10 venturi/文丘里管incineration/焚烧11 12 incinerator/焚烧炉dioxin/二恶英13 14 organic acid/有机酸landfill/填埋（场）15 16 PM2.5aldehyde/乙醛17 18 particular matter/颗粒物vehicle exhaust/汽车尾气19 20aerosol particle/气溶胶颗粒butyrate/丁酸盐21 22 pyruvate/丙酮酸盐（酯）phthalate/邻苯二甲酸盐（酯）23 24 hybrid/混合的UNIT 15 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）off-gas/废气 1 2 crude oil/原油chemisorptions/化学吸附（作用） 3 4 flue gas/烟道气desulfurization/脱硫 5 6solid waste disposal/固废处置aqueous solution/水溶液7 8removal efficiency/去除（效）率combustion chamber/燃烧室9 10 incineration/焚烧incinerator/焚烧炉11 12catalytic combustion/催化燃烧catalyst/催化剂13 14 citrate/柠檬酸盐gasification/气化15 16nitrogen-containingcompound/含氮化合物thermal fixation/热固定（化）17 18 power generation/发电algae/藻类19 20 afterburner/二次燃烧dry cleaning/干洗（干法清洗）21 22 epoxy compound/环氧化合物troposphere/对流层23 24stratosphere/平流层、同温层photochemical smog/光化学烟雾25 26 morning rush hour/早高峰期free radical/自由基27 28 halogen/卤素（卤化物）biofilter/生物滤池29 30 bioreactor/生物反应器packed-bed bioreactor/填料床生物反应器31 32biotrickling filter/生物滴滤池scavenge/清除、净化33 34 geothermal/地热的、地温的colony/菌落、菌群35 36 substrate/基质（底物）compost/堆肥、混合肥料37 38 debris/碎片、破碎体UNIT 16 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）residence time/停留时间 1 2 rule of thumb/工作经验auxiliary fuel/辅助燃料 3 4ambient temperature/环境温度cement kiln/水泥窑炉 5 6 viscosity/粘滞度atomization/粉化（作用）7 8fluidized bed incinerator/流化床焚烧炉ignition temperature/点火温度9 10rotary kiln incinerator/转窑焚烧炉multiple-hearth incinerator/多炉膛焚烧炉11 12 carcinogen/致癌剂fly ash/飞灰13 14 teratogen/致畸剂herbicide/除草剂15 16 thyroid/甲状腺environmental law/环境法17 18 hazardous waste/危险废物rodenticide/灭鼠剂19 20 reclamation/回收、回用hospital waste/医院废物21 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)/多环芳烃domestic refuse/生活垃圾23 24 heavy metal/重金属bioaccumulate/生物积累（富集）25 26 inhalation/吸入furan/呋喃27 28 mutagen/诱变剂residue/残留物29 30residual chlorine/余氯、残留的氯UNIT 17 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）refuse disposal/垃圾处置 1 2 runoff/（地表）径流sanitary landfill/卫生填埋 3 4 municipal refuse/城市垃圾greenbelt/绿化带 5 6anaerobic decomposition/厌氧分解anaerobic biological reactor/厌氧生物反应器7 8 aerobic organism/好氧生物potable water/饮用水9 10methane-forming organism/产甲烷菌anaerobic methane production/厌氧产甲烷11 12 open dump/露天垃圾场nitrate/硝酸盐13 14 nitrite/亚硝酸盐volatile fatty acid(VFA)/挥发性脂肪酸15 16total organic carbon(TOC)/总有机碳BOD/COD/ B/C比17 18 organic -N/有机氮total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)/总凯氏氮19 20milligram per liter/ 毫克/升（mg/L）nitrifying bacteria/硝化菌21 22physical/chemical process/物理化学工艺biological treatment/生物处理23 24 aerobic treatment/好氧处理anaerobic treatment/厌氧处理25 26 bio-uptake/生物吸收nitrification/denitrification/硝化-反硝化27 28breakpoint chlorination/折点氯化（法）biochemical treatment/生化处理29 30 butyric/丁酸（盐）的humic acid/腐植酸31 32 fulvic acid/棕黄酸、褐菌酸tannic acid/鞣酸、丹宁酸33 34 anaerobic bacteria/厌氧菌methyl mercury/甲基汞35 36 food chain/食物链solid waste/固废37 38bioconcentrate/（使）生物浓缩UNIT 18 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）noise control/噪声控制 1 2 sound level/声级barrier/屏障 3 4 dB/分贝muffle/消声器 5 6 ventilation/通风noise source/噪声源7 8 light pollution/光污染noise pollution/噪声污染9 10over-illumination/照明过度light trespass/光侵害（扰）11 12electromagnetic field/电磁场leukemia/白血病13 14epidemiological/流行病（学）的UNIT 19 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）phytoremediation/植物修复soil remediation/土壤修复 1 2（法）in situ/原位、就地 3 4 dechlorination/脱氯remediation technology/修复技术 5 6 neutralization/中和（处理）pyrolysis/热解、高温分解biological activity/生物活性7 8（处理）soil washing/洗土（法）（处thermal stripping/热脱附、热吹脱9 10理土壤）contaminated soil/受污土壤11 12 surfactant/表面活性剂biosparging/生物（制剂）喷bioventing/生物通风13 14洒aerobic micro-organism/好biodegradation/生物降解15 16氧微生物bioaugmentation/生物放大17 18 Fenton’s reagent/芬顿试剂ozone generation system/臭contaminated zone/受污带（区）19 20氧发生系统alkene/烯烃21 22 raw water/原水benzene/苯23 24 toluene/甲苯ethylbenzene/乙苯25 26 xylene/二甲苯exothermic/放热的27 28 aquifer/含水层UNIT 20 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）hypothesis/假设（定） 1 2 outline/（论文）大纲objective/目标、目的 3 4 analyze/分析conclusion/结论 5 6 summarize/（进行）总结proposal/建议7 8 measurement/手段、方法data/数据、资料9 10 motivation/动机results and discussion/结果与讨11 12 section/部分论figure/图（件）13 14 table/表（格）scheme/（研究）计划15 16 paragraph/段落subheading/副标题17 18 italic/斜体（字）chronological order/按时间顺序19 20 summary/总结emphasis/强调21 22 equation/方程experimental program/试验计划23 24 comparison/比较database/数据库25 26 submit/提交、投稿blacklist/黑名单27 28 editor/编（辑）者cite/引用29 30 copyright/版权manuscript/手稿（初稿）31 32 journal/杂志water research/《水研究》citation/引用、参考文献33 34杂志reference/参考文件、参考资electronic submission/电子稿35 36料word processor/文字处理器37 38 bold face/黑体、粗体subscript/下标39 40 superscript/上标hyphenate/连字符41 42 electronic text电子文档grammar-check/语法检查43 44 spell-check/拼写检查modification/修改45 46 background/背景review paper/综述论文47 48 literature/文献appendix/附录49 50 abbreviation/缩写keyword/关键词51 52 footnote/注释artwork/插图53 54 abstract/摘要black and white version/黑drawing/作图55 56白版本symbol/符号57 58 self-citation/自引corresponding author/通讯periodical/期刊59 60作者acronym/首字母缩写词，如COD、VOCs61 62 nomenclature/术语等caption/（图的）说明文字63 64 layout/版面、排版acknowledgement/致谢65 66 bracket/中括号[ ] parenthesis, curve/小括号( ) 67 68 quotation mark/引号“”。