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新思维综合英语第一册

新思维综合英语第一册
新思维综合英语第一册

新思维综合英语第一册

How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语

How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭

How to talk about events in the past 如何谈论过去的事情

How to talk about how you met someone 如何谈论与别人相识的经过

Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking about their families. Focus Questions and answers:

1. How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish?

__Luke’s wife is Polish, and Luke’s spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound.

2. How did Luke get to know his wife?

__She studied in his English class in the States.

3. How is Luke’s wife, Stenia’s English now? How did she achieve that?

__She speaks English almost perfectly now. She worked so hard on her English (while she was learning English).

4. Where are Maya’s relatives now? What language do Maya’s parents speak at home?

___They are all living in the States now. Maya’s parents speak English now because in the dialogue, Maya says that her father used to speak Polish, and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. (所以他们家就说英语了。)

What an unusual necklace! 是个感叹句,What a …后边一般跟名词性短语。

如: What an interesting story (it is)! 这个故事多有趣呀!What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊!

Stand for 代表,表示。如:What does “K” stand for? K 的意思是什么?PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。

在西方国家里,女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏,Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。

The States (S 大写),指 the United States. 口语中,人们谈起美国时,用得更多的是 the States 或 America, 来代替 the USA. Which language do you speak at home, English or Polish? 选择疑问句,疑问词用 which,也可以说 What language(s) do you

speak? 如果问话人知道你会讲多种不同外语,会用languages 来提问。Speak 讲(一种语言)。How many languages can he speak? Used to do sth, 过去常常做某事。现在已经没有这习惯了。I used to smoke a lot. Work hard, 努力工作,认真工作。

Be good at sth. 在某方面很擅长,有某方面能力。She is good at languages. 她有语言天赋。

She still has a very slight accent, but you can hardly tell she’s foreign.

她仍然有一点点口音,不过你几乎分辨不出她是外国人了。Accent 口音,腔调,someone with a different accent

不同口音的人。Slight微小的,轻微的。She’s got a slight headache. 她有点(轻微的)头痛。Tell 区分,辨别。They look exactly the same – how can you tell which is which?

他们看起来一模一样,你怎么能分辨出哪个是哪个呢?动词 tell 当“区分、辨别”讲时,一般用在 tell sb / sth from sb / sth

这样的结构中。如:Can you tell Jane from her twin sister? 你能把Jane 和她的双胞胎妹妹分辨开吗?

Hardly 几乎不,几乎没有。I’m so tired I can hardly walk any further. 我太累了,几乎一步也走不动了。学习时需要注意这类含有否定意义的副词,在句子中使用时,避免双重否定。比如,刚才这句话就不能说成 I’m so tired I can not hardly walk any further. (错句)

Was either of your parents born in Poland? Yes, they both were. 你父母有谁是在波兰出生的吗?

是的,他们都是。Either of …二者之一。后面常常接两个方面、两件事情或两个人,相关的动词往往用单数。Either of the two phrases is acceptable. 两个短语哪个都可以接受。

Either … or…常常连用,表示“二者之中任选其一”。

He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了,就是醉了。

I was expecting you (to come) either today or tomorrow. 我希望你要么今天要么明天来。

He hasn’t spoken it since my grandparents died.

自从我的祖父母去世后他就没再讲过。注意这句话里的现在完成时和一般过去时结合使用时的典型用法。表示“自从……(可以是某件事或某个时间点)以来……一直(没)做某事”的时间关系时,一般用since 将主从句连接起来,主句一般用现在完成时,since 后的从句部分用一般过去时或者用表示时间点的名词(短语)。如:

I haven’t heard from him since he left here last year.

自从去年他离开这里我没有收到他的信。

John has been in this country since he was ten.

从十岁开始John 就住在这个国家了。

Fluently 流利地,指语言或讲话口齿很流利。Fluent 流利的,形容词。

She speaks fluent English. She speaks English fluently.

她讲英语很流利。

Unfortunately, 不幸地。Unfortunate 不幸的。说话人为了表示马上要说的内容很不幸,或很遗憾,常常用unfortunately / unlucky 来带出即将要说的话。如:

Unfortunately, he didn’t pass the end-of-term examination. 不幸的是,他没有通过期末考试。

As soon as, 一……就……,表示两件事情紧接着连续发生,既可以用于谈论未来的事情也可以用于谈论过去。如:

As soon as we get the tickets we’ll send them to you.

我们一拿到票就给你送过来。As soon as she got out of bed the telephone stopped ringing. 她一下床电话铃就断了。

Laura and Chuck are having something to eat after seeing a movie. They talk about Chuck’s job inter view.

1. Where do you think the dialogue takes place?

__Most probably in a restaurant.

2. Why was Chuck’s mind somewhere else?

__He was thinking about the interview.

3. Why was Chuck anxious?

___he was anxious to know the interview result, and of course

he wanted to get the job.

You were thinking about the interview again, weren’t you? Think about, 考虑,思考。

We have to think about whether we should buy the car.

我们得认真考虑一下买不买车。

I’m thinking about the plan for our tour.

我在考虑我们的旅行计划。这句话里的Weren’t you?

是个附加疑问句。在这样的句子里,一般来说,前面需要有个陈述句。如果陈述句用肯定句,附加疑问句就用否定式疑问句。如果陈述句用否定句,附加疑问句就用肯定式疑问句。如:

You’ve been to the Great Wall, haven’t you?

He’s not going to the party, is he?

但是,有时也有例外。如:

She telephoned her brother, did she? (用来表示惊讶、确认等。)使用附加疑问句时,不仅要注意前后肯定与否定的关系,还要注意助动词和时态的一致性问题。比如,如果前边的句子用现在完成时,附加疑问句就需要用 have 或 haven’t;如果前边的句子用带有 will 的一般将来时,附加疑问句就需要用 will 或 won’t 等等。

Get sth out of one’s mind 摆脱思想中的困扰。如:

He was terribly lost in that experience for quite some time, and finally he got it out of his mind when he moved to a new

place.

他很长时间一直沉浸在那次可怕的经历中不能自拔,直到后来搬到一个新地方后才得以摆脱出来。

Figure out 理解,弄清楚,解决。

She hasn’t figured out what she’s going to do next.

她还没有弄清楚接下来她将做什么。

He has figured out all the possibilities before he does it. 他事前已经弄清楚了所有的可能性。

Anxious to do sth 迫不及待想做某事。

She is so anxious to visit Beijing next week because it is her first visit there.

Make a / the decision 做出决定,确定。

Who made the decision to go there?

是谁决定去那儿的?I think I’ve made a wrong decision to buy this big house.

我想我决定买这座大房子是错误的。

Relax 放松,松弛。

Let’s stop working and relax for an hour. 别干了,我们休息一小时吧。

Focus questions:

1.Why did Columbus call people already living in America

“Indians” when he landed there?

2. How did the ancestors of these people come to America?

3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?

4. What are causing excitement and controversy among experts?

5. What did scientists find in Chili?

6. What is the most controversial finding in Brazil?

Scientists disagree on the date. 科学家在日期上没有达成一致。Agree / disagree on sth

在某方面意见(不)一致,(不)同意。介词用on. Finally we agreed on the route for climbing the hill.

最后我们就爬山路线达成了一致意见。学习时注意这个短语跟 agree / disagree with sb / sth 的区别。Agree / disagree

with sb / sth(不)同意某人说的话或者看法;与某人意见不一致。

I disagree with much of what he says.

我不同意他说的很多话。

My brother agrees with me in most of the issues we discuss. 在讨论问题时,我弟弟大多同意我的看法。

Original 原有的,原始的,初始的;新颖的,有创造性的。

It is said no one can remember the original state

of the building. 据说,没有人能回忆起那座楼本来的样子了。

This is the most original story I’ve ever read.

这是我读过的最新颖的故事了。Arrive in 到达某一地方、城市(比较大的地方),如:

It was raining when we arrived in Guangzhou. 而arrive at 的意思是“到达一个具体的小的地点”,如: He arrived at his hotel soon after midnight. Arrive at 还表示经过努力达成协议、决定、或达到某种程度。

It took us several hours to arrive at a decision. 我们花费了好几个小时才终于达成决议。

在 When Columbus “discovered” America in 1492, he found people already living there.这句话里,discover 用了引号,原因是什么呢?discover 这个词的意思是,发现原来没有被人所知道或了解的事情或情况。

Discover 不同于 find, 后者的意思是,找到,发现,是一般意义上的看见或找到,被找到的东西本来就是存在的。在哥伦布发现新大陆的时候美洲这块大陆已经是存在的,而且有人居住,所以并不是他第一个发现这个地方的。Find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事。When I entered the room, I found him watching TV.

我进入房间的时候,看见他正在看电视。

Thinking he had landed in the East Indies, he called these people “Indians”.

前半句话Thinking he had landed in the East Indies 是个–ing

分词短语,做he called these people “Indians”的原因状语。Stretching from the top of North America to the tip of South America were many different groups…是个倒装句,动词谓语是were, 主语是 many different groups.

用来强调“不同的种族部落由北到南散布在美洲大陆”的这个事实。Migrate 迁移,移往。Migrate from one place to another 从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。如:

They had to migrate to this new land because of the terrible flood in the fifties.

由于五十年代的那场可怕的洪水他们被迫迁移到了这片土地。

The northern half of the earth was covered in ice.

北半球被冰雪覆盖。有时,我们也用 be covered with 来表示“长有很多,覆盖着很多……”如:

The next morning when I woke up, I found the trees were

all covered with beautiful snow.

早上醒来的时候,我发现树上挂满了美丽的雪。

Experts believe that people from Siberia followed the animals that they hunted and traveled to Alaska over land that is now a 50-mile body of water called the Bering Strait.

这句话里有两个 that 引导的定语从句,分别修饰前面的the animals 和 land 这两个名词。过去分词短语called the Bering Strait 作 body of water 的定语,body 在这里指大面积的水域。

在上万年前,亚洲和美洲大陆之间是相连的,白令海峡是后来才逐渐形成的。所以这些远古时代的西伯利亚人才能追赶着他们的猎物跑到美洲。

Look for 寻找,探询,查找。– What are you doing? – I’m looking for my keys.

Remain 做动词时意思是“遗留;继续,保持”,而做名词时只有remains 复数形式,意思是“遗留物;遗迹;残骸”。The remains of a meal 残羹剩饭。

Along with bones from humans and animals, they uncover pieces of pottery, tools, and even the remains of campfires. 这里,along with 是什么意思呢?这句话的意思是,他们发现人和动物遗骨的同时,还发现了瓷器、工具,甚至篝火的的残迹。

Along with

与……一起,同时,表示两件事情同时发生,或跟别的事物一起存在。Date 做名词时意思是“日期;年代”,如:What’s the date today? 还可以做动词,意思是“加日期于;鉴定古物等的年代”,如:Don’t forget to date your letters. 别忘记给你的信加日期。课文里的radiocarbon dating 指放射性碳元素确定年代技术。这篇文章稍后还有 date back 这个短语,意思是“追溯到某个时候”,如:This is a long story. It dates back to 26 years ago. 这是一个比较久远的故事了,还得追溯到26年前。

Figure out = work out 美语非正式语体,理解、弄清楚、确定、解

决。She hasn’t figured out what she is going to do about it. 她还没有弄清楚自己该怎么办呢。

These discoveries are causing a lot of excitement and controversy among experts.

这句话是什么意思呢?Excitement 兴奋,激动。Controversy 长期的争论、争议。

Controversial 是形容词形式,有争议的,引起争议的。你看这句话这样翻译好吗?这些发现引起了专家们浓厚的兴趣和激烈的争议。Cause, (动词)引起,引发。

What do you think caused the problem? 做名词时cause 的意思是“原因”,如:

They are trying to find out the cause of the power cut.

他们在争取找出停电的原因。

Well-preserved 保存完好的,指什么东西存放时保护得比较好。These paintings have been well-preserved, and they still look so vivid and lively.

这些绘画保存得非常好,看上去还是那么形象生动。英语中经常有这种有一个副词和一个过去分词构成的复合形容词,如:

newly-married 新婚的,newly-arrived新来的,新到货的,well-meant 善意的,well-organized结构合理的。

Similar to 与……相似的。

This story is quite similar to the movie we saw last week.

Estimate 估计,估算,预测。

It is estimated that the total value of the bookshop will be about 500,000 dollars. 据估算,这个书店的总价值大约五十万美元。

文章提到考古学家Guidon defends her finds and even comes up with a new idea …

在这句话里 defend 的意思是“为……辩护”,如:

The minister defended himself in the House of Commons.

部长在下议院里为他自己做了辩护。

He was determined to have his own lawyers to defend him.

他决心用自己的律师来为他做辩护。

刚才这句话里的 be determined to do sth, 意思是“下定决心做某事”。当表示“提/想出一个主意、计划或方案”的时候,英语中经常用到一个词组 come up with, 如:

It took him about a week to come up with this detailed plan, and he did a wonderful job. 他用了一个星期的时间提出这个细致的计划,干得真不错。

They may have traveled directly from Asia to South America in boats.

这句话里有情态动词 may + have done 这样的结构,这是表达什么含义呢?再举个例子:Look, there is ice everywhere!

It must have been very cold last night. 这句话里也有个情态

动词 must + have done

这样的结构。从这两句话里你也许已经能够看出,这是表示对过去事情推测或猜测的一种表达法。May have done sth 表示“有可能发生/ 做了某事”,而must have done sth 表示“一定发生 / 做了某事”。

1.Why did Columbus call people already living in America “Indians” when he landed there?

When Columbus first landed there, he found there were already people living there. He thought he had landed in the East Indies, so he named these people “Indians”. But actually they were in different groups, each with its own name.

2. How did many scientists believe the ancestors of the people living in America come to America?

They believed that the ancestors of these people were from Siberia. People followed the animals they hunted and traveled to Alaska over the land. Bering strait was in the ancient days land.

3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?

Radiocarbon dating.放射形碳元素确定年代技术。They can determine the age of these bodies or artifacts by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon in them.

4. What are causing excitement and controversy among experts? Archeologist Guidon has discovered clues at digs in both North and South America that lead her to believe that humans first migrated to the New World not 11,500 years ago, but much earlier – 20,000 or even 50,000 years ago. These discoveries are causing a lot of excitement and controversy among experts.

5. What did scientists find in Chili?

They found well-preserved artifacts (stone tools, wooden bowls), a human print, and the remains of a dwelling.

6. What is the most controversial finding in Brazil?

Archeologist Guidon found cave paintings dating back 12,000 years. She also uncovered charcoal from old campfires and stone tools that she believes are at least 30,000 and maybe more than 50,000 years old.

How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论外语

How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭

How to talk about events in the past 如何谈论过去的事情

How to talk about how you met someone如何谈论与别人相识的经过

短语或词组:

stand for, 代表

be good at, 擅长……

as soon as, 一……就……

figure out, 计算出;弄明白

be anxious to do, 迫切地希望做某事

make a decision, 决定

disagree on, 在某方面持不同意见

arrive in / at, 到达(in表示比较大的地方,at 表示比较小的地点)

migrate from … to …, 从一个地方搬迁(移民)到另一个地方be covered in / with, 被……覆盖

date back, 追溯到(过去某时期)

at least, 至少

come up with, 想出,提到,提出

2008年 3月

新思维综合英语第一册

新思维综合英语第一册 How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语 How to talk about one’s family 如何谈论家庭 How to talk about events in the past如何谈论过去的事情 How to talk about how you met someone如何谈论与别人相识的经过 Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking about their families. 1.How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish? __Luke’s wife is Polish,and Luke’s spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2.How did Luke get to know his wife? __She studied in his English class in the States. 3. How is Luke’s wife,Stenia’s English now? How did she

achieve that? __She speaks English almost perfectly now.She worked so hard on her English(while she was learning English). 4. Where are Maya’s relatives now?What language do Maya’s parents speak at home? ___They are all living in the States now.Maya’s parents speak English now because in the dialogue,Maya says that her father used to speak Polish,and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. (所以他们家就说英语了。) What an unusual necklace!是个感叹句,What a …后边一般跟名词性短语。 如:What an interesting story(it is)!这个故事多有趣呀!What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊! Stand for代表,表示。如:What does“K”stand for? K 的意 思是什么?PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。 在西方国家里,女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏,Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。 The States(S大写),指the United States. 口语中,人们谈起美国时,用得更多的是the States 或America, 来代替the USA.

朱明zhubob-新思维综合英语2Unit8 语法知识点

主讲:朱明 高级工程师、高级技师、国家经济师 高级国家职业技能鉴定考评员 高级技能专业教师 综合英语2Unit8 语法知识点 had better表示"最好" had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。 You had better have come earlier. 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise,allow,appoint,believe,cause,challenge,command,compel,consider,declare,drive,enable,encourage,find,forbid,force,guess,hire,imagine,impel,induce,inform,instruct,invite,judge,know,like,order,permit,persuade,remind,report,request,require,select,send,state,suppose,tell,think,train,trust,understand,urge,warn 例句: a.Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法: Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important.

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大师想说话: 最近《超能陆战队》了,然后“暖男”大白也了,大师也希望你能找到专属于你的大白,陪伴你走过艰辛的托福备考路程。一路有你,一路有大师。^_^ 这篇文章是大师花时间写的,所以,也希望你能认真看完,你肯定会有收获的。 针对的对象是:对托福考试零认知,或者刚刚开始背单词,又或者你被论坛五花八门的资料贴搞得头大,被培训机构天花乱坠的保分广告砸晕。 大师想说的话都在这里了,很多内容可能毁你三观,但是希望你能客观地去思考,当然,大师说的你也可以不同意,只要你能说出理由,欢迎跟大师讨论! 入门篇: “单词背什么,怎么背” 首先声明,积累单词最有效的方法一定是通过长期的阅读积累,但为了短期的考试需求,我们不得不退而求其次,选择短期突击的方法。出于应试目的的背单词应该是高频率重复,单次消耗时间短,重复次数多,利用碎片时间背。 单词书选择: 大师推荐: 如果你喜欢纸质书:李笑来《新托福iBT词汇21天突破》+王玉梅《TOEFL 词汇》(两本都需用,单本词汇量太少)。 如果你能习惯电子版或者网页、app背单词:朗播词汇(网页+APP),全部词汇来自真题。 免费下载pdf:https://www.doczj.com/doc/b94777320.html,/Information/Download/Files/3;(你也可以自己转成word版打印) 你看到这,可能会有两个疑问: 1.大师为啥推荐朗播词汇? 大师明确告诉你,词汇书没有一本权威的,只是一定要弄清词源,单词书应该选择选词准确的,来源于考试真题是唯一选词标准。市面上大多数词汇书都是作者yy出来的,红宝书也不例外。 2.朗播词汇跟乐词、扇贝、百词斩有啥优势?

(完整版)综合英语课程标准第一册

一、课程性质及定位 本课程是应用英语和商务英语专业的一门岗位素质课,属于A类课程。本课程是应用、商务英语专业的专业基础课,也是英语专业基础阶段的综合技能课。它旨在发展学生听、说、读、写等语言单项技能的课程相辅相成,使学生在得到语言技能的分项训练的同时,得到全面、严格的听、说、读、写、译等语言基本技能的整合性训练,达到对英语基础语法和基本词汇的熟练掌握和正确运用,各种语言技能协调发展,从而获得语言实际运用的能力;它还致力于使学生通过阅读和语言材料的课堂讲解分析,打开独立思考的空间,使他们的批判思维能力得到发展,人文知识得到增长,人文素养得到提高,为进入高年级的专业知识课程和相关专业知识课程的学习打下扎实的专业基础。 二、本课程教学目标与任务 通过本课程的学习,学生应能掌握全面严格的基本语言技能。本课程的目的在于传授英语基础知识,对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练,以精读课文为重点引导学生扎实掌握英语基础知识及常用语法知识,掌握相当的词汇量,培养学生正确的学习方法、较强的逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力,丰富学生的英美社会文化知识,增强学生对文化差异的敏感性,为学生学习高年级专业课程打下扎实的基础。 在具体的教学过程中,本课程秉承实用为主、够用为度的原则,一方面通过对精选的语言材料进行详细的讲解和分析,系统的向学生传授语音、词汇、语法、修辞和篇章等英语语言基础知识;另一方面,通过较多的师生互动和课内外练习,培养和提高学生听、说、读、写、译等方面的技能;此外,还应在整个教学过程中注意培养学生跨文化交际的能力和对英语语言学习的兴趣。同时使学生通过两年的综合英语学习,最终达到大学英语四、六级水平。 三、先修及后续课程 无 四、本课程教学内容及基本要求 Unit 1 Education 1. read what Bill Gates says about education 2. build up the students’ vocabulary relating to campus life 3. learn something from an ancient Greek educator 4. study different types of nouns 5. write an introduction of oneself Students are required to master: the plural form of nouns, the skill of self introduction, words and phrases concerning education. Unit 2 Friendship 1. read two stories about friendship 2. learn some frequently-used words and phrases to do with making friends 3. get to know different types of pronouns 4. write a personal letter to a pen-friend Students are required to master: different types of pronouns, words and phrases concerning making friends, the skill of writing a personal letter.

读书笔记-李笑来-人人都能用英语

人人都能用英语读书笔记 关键在于“用”,以“熟悉”代替“钻研”。开场白 1、大脑是可塑的,成年人是可以学习第二语言的理论基础。 Taub 教授CI 疗法的成功首先证明区域论是错误的(至少不是完全正确的)——大脑可以重新组织自己;其次证明大脑自始至终都是可塑的,甚至可以重组——即,用一个新的脑图完成原本由受损的脑图完成的功能;最后证明的也是最重要的:脑图之间存在着相互竞争——所以,为了治好受损的右臂,要先把未受损的左臂给限制住。如果不把未受损的左臂给限制住的话,那么左臂的脑图将永远处于优势,进而,使得大脑对已经受损的右臂产生“习得之弃用”(Learned Nonuse) 这最后一条可以用来清楚地解释原本用“关键期论”错误地解释的现象:为什么成年后学习第二语言显得更为困难? 成年之后,第二语言学习显得更为困难的原因并不在于关键期论所说的“此后大脑不再可塑”,而实际上在于这是第二语言所使用的脑图要与已经形成强大势力的母语脑图竞争——当然越来越难。然而,恰恰是这样的认识给了人们希望。目前,有很多教育学家开始提倡“浸泡式学习”,有一定的依据,也有相当的效果。所谓“浸泡式学习”,就是在特定的时间、特 定的环境里,强迫学生只使用第二语言,禁止使用母语,进而刺激大脑加速构建新的脑图。风靡全球的罗赛塔石碑语言学习软体(Rosetta Stone9)就是基于这个原理开发出来的。 对于第二语言习得者来说,最直观、最有意义的好消息是:1) 什么时候开始学都不晚;2) 只要方法得当,并加以时日,一定能学好。在学习这件事儿是,相信自己一定能学好,并不一定保证真的能够学好;但是,反过来,如果相信自己不可能学好,那最终真的就不可能学好。所谓“自证预言”(Self-fulfilling prophecy10)就是这样,总是在负面起作用。事实上,“语言习得关键期”之说四十多年来在全球造成了难以估计的恶果,不计其数的人在不经意之间把“假说”当成了“定论”,相信自己不可能学好,进而成为“自证预言”注定的受害者。“我没天分”、“我就学不好”、“英语太难了”之类的话,甚至这类的念头,其实都是强大的诅咒。 2、短期内学好英语对一个正常的人来说是一个可行的目标。 我们衡量一个目标是否现实,有一个特别简单而又朴实的判断标准——“有没有人成功过?”如果答案为真,为了确定那不是小概率事件,还可以进一步问“是不是有很多人成功?”如果这次的答案还为真,那么这就是个现实可行的目标。习得第二语言就是这样一个现实而又可行的目标。 进而,习得第二语言本质上来看,相对于其他任何领域都更多依赖积累,更少依赖天分的学科。对大多数人来说,语言只是工具;学习语言几乎无需创意,因为它只是最终用来表达创意的东西而已。学一门外语理论上来讲应该比学计算机容易多了:计算机技术总是日新月异,每个领域都有更高更陡峭的学习曲线;而学外语则不同,它是越学越简单的东西,语法知识总有一天可以学完,单词总有一天不用再背,而不停地读书,实际上已经不是在学习英语了,而是在享用工具。

词法之吐血整理最全冠词

英语中四种泛指的表达模式不可数名词不加冠词; 复数名词不加冠词; the+单数名词,在语气上显得比较正式或文雅,表示由一个典型样品所代表的那个类别。 a/an+单数名词,表示某一类事物中任何一个具有代表性的成员。可以用any来替换。不能用来表示那些属于整个类别的特性。 其他使用冠词的场合: 一、形容词或副词的最高级、序数词以及only 用作形容词+名词,前面一般要用the 。

二、在乐器、乐团、合唱团及流行音乐团体前加the 三、在姓氏前+the,然后要在姓氏的后面添加s 。一是表示夫妇,二是表示全家,包括孩子。如果是名门望族的姓氏,则除了表示上述两个意思之外,还表示整个家族。 四、表示强调时,会用the 其他不用冠词的场合: 一、独一无二的职业头衔或职位在一个单位里是唯一的,此时常不用冠词。也可以用the 。 要注意这些表示独一无二的身份或职务的名词在句中的位置,通常是出现在补足语的位置(包括主语补足语、宾语补足语以及系动词后的表语位置)和同位语位置,此时尤其会省去the 。若是出现在其他位置,则需要加the。 二、关于球类、棋类运动 三、关于其他限定词与冠词 下面这些限定词彼此排斥。 1 .冠词2 .物主形容词:my ,your ,his ,her ,our ,their 3 .指示形容词:this ,that ,these ,those 4 .名词属格:Tom's 但要注意的是,所有格本身可以有冠词。 四、特殊名词 下列这些特殊名词前不加the :nature Society space man :泛指整个人类时history :泛指人类的整个历史时 五、关于星期 定指的星期表达on+星期名称和on the+星期名称。“on+星期名称”还可以表示周期性的“星期几”在英语中,表示“每逢周几”,还可以在星期名词的后面加s;不定指的星期表达“on a +星期名称” 六、关于四季指一般的四季而不是具体某年的某一段时间时,通常不加冠词。但是,如果指特定的某一年的某个季度时,就要加冠词。 七、关于昼夜的各段时间 这些名词尤其是当它们出现在at ,by ,after 和before 之后时,往往不加冠词。如果是用在其他介词之后,或者是在其他场合,这些名词前则往往要加冠词。另外,要注意的是,若是表示特定的某一天的某个时间段,往往用不定冠词,并且用介词on ,此时这些名词的前面通常都会有形容词修饰。 八、关于进餐指一般日常惯例的用餐时,通常不加冠词。但是如果指需要特别提出的某一次用餐,则常用the 来强调。若在三餐名词前有形容词时,则一般加不定冠词,来表示具体的一餐。 九、关于交通工具的名词接在by 之后的交通工具名词,其前面不加冠词。若用在介词in 或on 后,以及用在动词后,这些名词的前面一般都须用冠词限定。需要提醒大家注意的是,“步行”是on foot ,而不用其他介词。 十、关于通讯工具的名词接在by 之后的通讯工具名词,其前面不加冠词。但是这些名词在其他场合要加冠词。 十一、平行结构如果两个名词一起放在同一平行结构里,即使是单数名词,也通常不加冠词。带有重复名词的短语,如face to face 等,这样的短语往往具有副词的功能,在句中用作状语,修饰动词。这些名词没有冠词是因为它们基本上失去了名词的主要特性,比如它们没有数的变化。 各限定词的顺序:冠词/数量限定词/个体限定词+形容词+名词 积累: behind time 晚点,迟了behind the time(s) 过时,落伍,落后于时代 in the red负债,亏损 by day 白天by the day 按日计算,论日 in secret秘密地,私下地in the secret 参与秘密,参与阴谋 in front of(外部)的前面in the front of在(内部)的前部 out of question 完全不可能out of the question毫无疑问,没有问题 take the place代替 men of age成年人men of an age 同龄人 keep house 管理家务keep the house守在家里35 with child怀孕with a (the) child 带着孩子/和这个小孩在一起

综合教程第1册何兆熊主编英语专业综合英语1Dictationtapescript

综合教程第1册 Unit 1 I. Dictation Throughout history / the basic unit of almost every human society / has been the family. / Members of the family live together / under the same roof. / They share the economic burdens of life / as well as its joys. / The family head usually has considerable influence / in arranging marriages, / selecting careers / and determining all important moves and purchases / by any member of the family. / Particularly in conditions / where society or the state / does not give aid / and the responsibilities of the family are greater, / this large group / provides better protection / in times of economic or other emergency. Unit 2 Children learn almost nothing from television, / and the more they watch, / the less they remember. / They regard television purely as entertainment, / resent programs that make demands on them / and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. / Far from being over-excited by programs, / they are mildly bored with the whole thing. / These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. / Its author confirms / that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. / The study suggests / that there is little point in the television company’s attempts / to isolate adult viewing in the later hours. / More than a third of the children regularly watched their programs after 9 . / All 11-year-olds had watched programs after midnight. Unit 3: I. Dictation Mother's Day is celebrated / on the second Sunday in May. / On this occasion, / Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts / from her husband and children. / For most mothers, / the rarest and best gift / is a day of rest. / Often, / families honor Mother / by taking her out for dinner. / In some households / the husband and children / take over meal preparations / so that Mom can spend a whole day / away from the kitchen. / Serving her breakfast in bed / is another family ritual. / Later in the day, / parents may take their children / to visit their grandparents. / Flowers are an important part of the day. / Mothers are often given corsages / for the occasion, / particularly if they are elderly. Unit 4 Dictation In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out. It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well. If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred efforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will use a thousand. Unit 5: In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out.

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