写作参考答案
With the rapid development of science and technology in modem times, an increasing number of people prefer studying online to attending school. What will happen if e-learning prevails and eve n replaces classroom learning?
For one thing, more people can access high-quality courses globally, such as Harvard free online c ourses. Therefore, even rural people will also get access to abundant and updated knowledge. For another, people can decide when and where they take the online courses much more freely. Thus t hey will no longer be bothered by problems like transportation and accommodation. As a result, le arning cost will be so largely decreased that people can afford to apply for more courses they are i nterested in.
However, for people who have bad self-discipline and learning habits, it is difficult to commit the mselves to study. They will fall behind and actually learn little since nobody supervises them. Wh at's worse, e-learning can't offer human interaction in real life. It is due to the lack of face-to-face i nteraction with teachers and classmates that people will feel isolated and gradually lose basic socia l skills.
To sum up, that more people turn to e-learning will have both advantages and disadvantages. In m y opinion, e-learning should be seen as a complement but not a replacement of traditional classes.
听力Section A 参考答案
1 What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?
[A] 【解析】对话开头，女士就说迈克在CucinTech 负责了一个创新项目，并接着说到项目似乎非常成功。由此，可选定A 项“男士在CucinTech 负责的项目”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词project, technology, career 以及company，可推测问题可能与工作相关。②对话主要探讨的是战略上的创新，而B 项“CucinTech 的技术革新”只是利用对话里的关键词innovation 进行干扰；C 项“男士转换到新的职业上”在对话中并未提及；对话谈论的是男士在CucinTech 的工作情况，与女士公司无关，故排除D 项“她公司的重组”。
2 What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?
[B] 【解析】女士问到是否CucinTech 命运的逆转完全归功于战略创新，男士作了肯定回答，并表达了他对CucinTech 的看法，认为这个公司以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法。由此可见，CucinTech 以前缺乏战略创新，所以选B 项。
【干扰项排除】①从选项的内容来看，题目涉及公司的情况。②A 项“人才”是该公司的优势而不是它欠缺的；男士认为该公司在产品研发上有很大潜力，但并未提及产品是否具有竞争力，故C 项“具有竞争力的产品”排除；D 项“有效的促销”在对话中并没有提及。
3 What does the man say he should do in his business?
[C] 【解析】对话围绕战略创新展开，男士表达了自己对创新的看法，即“我们需要不断地创新，以跟上时代的步伐，停滞不前就等于落后”，接着他指出，“作为公司战略，创新没有止境”，所以在商业领域他应该做的就是C 项“不断创新”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“扩大市场”在对话中未提及；B 项“招聘更多人才”和D 项“留心竞争对手”则利用对话中出现的talent 和competitor 来作干扰。
4 What does the man say is the risk of innovation?
[D] 【解析】对于创新，男士提出他的担忧，即经常导致被模仿，所以D 项“被竞争对手模仿”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的bankruptcy, conflicts, difficulties, competitors 等关键词可推测题目与某个困境相关。②A 项“可能破产”、B 项“难以预见的困难”和C 项“公司内部的冲突”在对话中均未提及。
5 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
[A]【解析】对话开头就开门见山地介绍了一位口译嘉宾，接下来两人围绕着嘉宾的工作展开了一系列讨论。因此，选A 项“一位口译者的工作”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，可推测问题可能与对话的主题相关。②对话中提到过口译者的压力，但这只是对话中的一部分，而且对话并未提及其他专业人士的压力问题，故B 项“专业人士感受到的压力”排除；对话中虽然提到了口译中语言熟练的问题，但这不是对话的核心，C 项“语言熟练程度的重要性”太过片面；D 项“有效沟通的最好方式”在对话中未提及。
6 What does the man think of Dana's profession?
[B]【解析】男士明确表明了他对Dana 的工作充满了钦佩，故选B 项“令人钦佩的”。【干扰项排除】①选项均为表主观感受的形容词，推测题目问态度或看法。②A 项“有希望的”、C 项“值得的”和D 项“有意义的”均不是男士对女士工作的看法。
7 What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?
[B]【解析】对话中，Dana 用一个双重否定句强调，她所认识的口译工作者都取得了专业资质，并经过专业训练。所以，B 项“他们都具有专业资质”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是They，且均关于具备的某种素质或能力，听音时留意相关信息。②A 项“他们都对语言很感兴趣”不选，口译者们是否对语言有强烈的兴趣并未在对话中提及；女士并没有提到他们是否都通过了语言能力测试，故C 项错误；而D 项“他们都学习过跨文化差异”在对话中未提及。
8 What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?
[C]【解析】对话中，女士说大多数口译者都认为，与同声传译相比，交替传译更有压力，故选C 项“它比同声传译更有压力”。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为It,且每个句子都有表示比较的词汇，听音时注意有关对比的信息。②A 项“它要求更多的词汇量”和B 项“它'更看重准确性”在对话中没有提及；根据对话，交替传译更考验人的短时记忆，D 项“它考验人在更大压力下的长时记忆”与此相悖，故应排除。
Section B 参考答案
9 What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?
[C]【解析】录音首句就指出，多年来妈妈们一直被警告，与新生儿睡在一起不好，因为这会增加婴儿夜间意外死亡的风险，由此可选定C 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项主语均为It，且根据选项关键词mother, infants 等可推测题目询问某事对妈妈、婴儿的影响。②A 项“它可能影响妈妈的健康”是以色列研究者得出的最新发现，而不是长期以来的一种观点；B 项“它可能妨碍婴儿睡眠”和D 项“它可能使妈妈精神上更加苦闷”在短文中未提及。
10 What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
[D]【解析】以色列研究者发现，即使与婴儿睡在同一个房间，也会对妈妈产生负面影响，D 项中的impact 是文中consequence 的同义替换，为正确答案。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词mothers、babies、sleep 等可推测题目询问的是关于睡眠与妈妈或婴儿的关系。②录音中只是提到很多被调查的妈妈都是母乳喂养，并没有提及母
乳喂养对妈妈睡眠的影响，A 项“母乳喂养的妈妈入睡更困难”没有依据；录音指出，与婴儿一起睡影响妈妈睡眠，B 项“与婴儿一起睡的妈妈每晚需要更多睡眠”属于过度推断；录音中只是提及爸爸的睡眠模式可能影响妈妈，但是 C 项“妈妈的睡眠模式极大地影响新生儿的健康”在短文中并未提及。
11 What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?
[B]【解析】为了减少婴儿猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要跟婴儿同床睡，但可以睡在一个房间，所以选B 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为原形动词短语，推测问题可能与行为、动作有关。②A 项“改变睡眠模式以适应她们的新生宝宝”并不是儿科学会建议的内容；C 项“与宝宝睡在同一个家，但不同的房间”不符合美国儿科学会的建议；D 项“采取预防措施以减少婴儿猝死的风险”属过度推断，录音中没有涉及预防措施。
12 What do we learn from the report?
[A]【解析】短文讲的是很多美国本土语言濒临灭绝的困境，第一句话就指出，美国已经丢失了超过1/3 的本土语言，由此可选定A 项“美国很多本土语言已经灭绝”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关鍵词native languages，US, died out, preserve 等可推测题目与美国本土语言的困境有关。②美国现有192 种语言濒临灭绝，但录音并未提及这个数字为世界之最，B 项“美国濒危语言的数量最多”属过度推断；美国印第安人国家博物馆的Fred Nahwooksy 说，让这些濒危语言回归到日常使用正在进展当中，可排除C 项“保护印第安语的努力被证明是徒劳的”；Fred Nahwooksy 也说到“我们需要需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，所以D 项“需要更多的钱来记录美国的本土语言”可排除。
13 For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for more funding?
[D]【解析】录音中引用美国原住民博物馆的Fred 的话说“我们需要更多的资金并付出更大的努力以让这些语言重新回到日常使用中来……需要钱使这些语言复活，而不仅仅是记录它们”，可选定D 项。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“建立更多的语言学校”属过度推断，文中指出通过学校教育可以拯救这些濒危语言，但没有提及创建更多新学校；B 项“记录濒危语言”是现有的做法，不是Nahwooksy 呼吁的目的；C 项“教育美国土著孩子”是拯救濒危语言取得成效的途径之一，不是目的，也与更多资金没有直接的关联。
14 What is the historical cause of the decline in the American Indian Languages?
[A]【解析】美国印第安语言的衰落有其历史根源：在19 世纪中叶，美国政府采取了美国化印第安儿童的政策，即将印第安人的孩子赶出他们的家园，将他们与其文化隔绝。由此，可选定A 项。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词American, US government, Indian 等可推测问题与美国印第安人的情况有关。②B 项“美国印第安语没有取得官方地位”、C 项“美国政府不愿花钱教育印第安人”和D“印第安人长期与外界隔绝”均利用个别原词拼凑而成，录音中都未提及。
15 What does the speaker say about television?
[C]【解析】就电视对于本土语言的危害，短文末尾指出，电视将英语带入家庭，挤掉传统的家庭讲故事时间，从而加速了本土语言的灭绝。C 项中的speed up 与该句中的accelerating 同义，为答案。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以It 开头，且根据关键词native languages 可预测问题关于某物与本土语言的关系。②A 项“它被利用来教授本土语言”和D 项“它被广泛用于浸润式语
言学校”在短文中均没有提及；而B 项“它在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事”与短文说法相悖，在家庭聚会时间讲传统故事是被电视挤掉的事情。
Section C 参考答案
16 How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
[A]【解析】录音以Rosen 为例讲述了美国失业者的困境，其前段提到，Rosen 借助失业保险购买日用品、支付房款，在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半。因此A 项“在找工作期间，失业保险支付他们原来工资的一半”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以It 开头，且根据关键词pay, they, work, living expenses 等可推测题目与一群人的工作生活有关。②B 项“它给他们支付99 周的抵押贷款和医药费”没有在录音中提到；录音提到，失业保险后来中断了对Rosen 的救助，表明救助是有时限的，故C 项“它一直支付他们的生活费直到他们找到另一份工作”不准确；D 项“它提供给他们基本的生活必需品”在录音中找不到根据。
17 What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?
[B]【解析】录音中段Elizabeth Walsh 表示，他们提供培训和指导以帮助失业者在当地谋差事，由此B “为失业工人提供培训和指导”正确。
【干扰项排除】①由题目选项可知，本题可能与为失业工人提供的帮助有关。②A 项“为庞大的失业人群创造就业岗位”和D 项“筹措资金帮助那些没有失业保险的人们”均与Elizabeth Walsh 透露的信息无关。C 项“说服当地立法者延长失业救济”是99ers 联盟的目标，也不正确。
18 What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the
long-term unemployed?
[C]【解析】录音后段女士提到，Scott Petri 认为，要救助那些长期失业者，最好的办法是允许普通公民在当地建厂办公司，以创造更多就业岗位。因此C 项“通过鼓励私人投资在当地建立企业来创造更多工作岗位”正确。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式短语，推测问题与行为动作或目的相关。②A 项“提供给他们自主创业所需要的贷款”、B 项“允许他们延迟偿还每月的抵押贷款”以及D 项“鼓励大公司重新雇用那些靠政府救济生活的人”三项表述均缺乏录音依据。
19 What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?
[D]【解析】录音开头就指出，Pen Huddle 及其团队在北冰洋上艰苦跋涉了3 个月，对冰进行测量和记录。由此可选定D 项“他们对冰进行调查”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均以They 开头，且描述的都是行为状态，推测题目询问的是某人群的相关行为。②A 项“他们测量了海水的深度”、B 项“他们分析了水含量”和C 项“他们勘探了海底”均与Pen Huddle 和他的团队无关。
20 What does the report say about the Arctic region?
[D]【解析】录音前段女士指出，据最新的测量显示，极地冰的减少比人们先前想象的更为明显。D 项中的decrease 和evident 分别对应录音中的loss 和pronounced，故正确。【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词ice 可推测本题与冰有关。②录音前段提到，覆盖在北冰洋的冰在10 年后大约会减少80%，而不是说A 项“80%的冰在夏季消失”；B 项“大部分的冰是在过去的几百年累积成的”和C 项“冰确保了许多濒危物种的存活”在录音中并没有提及。
21 What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?
[C] 【解析】录音中段明确指出，剑桥科学家Peter Wadhams 认为北极冰的减少不可逆转，故C 项“北极冰的减少不可逆”正确。
【干扰项排除】录音主要探讨了北极冰不断融化这一问题的严峻形势及产生原因，并呼吁人们采取措施予以阻止，至于北极冰的作用及融化的危害并没有提及，故A 项“北极冰是世界淡水的主要来源”、B 项“融化的北极冰已经淹没了很多沿海城市”和D 项“北极冰对人类生存至关重要”均无根据。
22 How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
[D] 【解析】录音最后Wadhams 明确表示，没有简单的技术手段能解决气候变化问题。D 项中的solution 对应录音中的fix，故正确。
【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是关于It 的情况，应注意听题目中It 指代何物。②录音中指出全球气候变化，特别是全球变暖，是导致北极冰不断融化的主要原因之一，但并没有谈论它的其他危害，所以A 项“它将给人类造成巨大伤害”属过度推断；B 项“理解它不容易”在录音中并未提及；根据Wadhams 所言，核技术将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化是否必然推动核技术进步不得而知，故排除C 项“它将推动核技术进步”。
23 What is the new study about?
[B]【解析】录音介绍了一项针对大约1000 名新西兰孩子展开的新研究，探究了一个孩子自制力差是如何预示其成年后健康状况差、经济困难甚至犯罪的。故选B 项“孩子自制力与其未来成功的关系”。
【干扰项排除】①选项均为名词短语，推测问题可能与主题相关。②虽然这项新研究的调查对象是新西兰的孩子，但录音中没有证据证明新西兰的孩子自制力更好，故A 项“为何新西兰的孩子似乎有更好的自制力”属过度推断；C 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子的健康问题”和D 项“孩子学业成绩的决定性因素”都不是该研究的内容。
24 What does the study seem to show?
[D]【解析】录音后段指出，该研究表明父母一代自制力差可能会给下一代带来不利影响，因此D 项“父母缺乏自制力对他们的孩子不利”正确。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词children, parents 等可推测题目与父母、子女关系有关。
②女士提到，在3 到10 岁有最差的自控力的孩子，在30 多岁的时候会有最多的健康问题，他们更可能有犯罪记录，并没有提到A 项“单亲家庭出来的孩子在30 多岁会经历一个困难期”和B 项“有犯罪前科的人大部分来自单亲家庭”；C 项“父母必须学着在孩子面前有自制力”在录音中并未提及。
25 What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?
[A]【解析】录音最后指出，Moffitt 带来的好消息是父母或学校教育都可以帮助孩子养成好的自制力，故选A 项“可通过教育提高自制力”。
【干扰项排除】①根据选项关键词Self-control, improve, detected, diminish 等可推测题目与自制力的提高或解决有关。②该研究认为自制力差可能导致人们成年后经济状况困难，但没有表明自制力可以改善其经济状况，所以B 项“自制力可以改善人们的经济状况”属于过度推断；C 项“自制力问题在孩子小的时候就可被察觉”和D 项“自制力问题随着一个人的成长而消失”在录音中均未提及，属无中生有。
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26 [N]空格前的of 表明此处应填入动名词，与介词on 搭配。空格后的roller-skates 指“溜冰鞋”，词库的动名词中，strapping 可与on 搭配，后接表示鞋子的宾语，意为“用带子系上(鞋子）”，符合此处语境。
27[I]此处需填入修饰attitude 的词，由a 可知需填入的单词是辅音字母开头的。上文提到“你”喜欢溜旱冰，穿上鞋子就微笑。“你”同样知道溜旱冰是很好的运动，因此这种态度是积极正面的，故填入positive “积极的”。
28[D]此处应填入谓语动词，由主语description 可知是第三人称单数形式。文章开头的Let's say...表明第一段对溜旱冰的描绘是举例，因此此处符合语义逻辑的是illustrates“说明，阐明”，该处句子的意思是“对溜旱冰的描述说明了态度有三个组成部分”。
29[C]此处应填入谓语动词，由主语feelings 可知是动词原形。本句要说明态度的第一个部分affect “情感”，主语these feelings 指的是对溜旱冰这项活动的喜爱之情，highlight “强调，突出”与宾语the affective or emotional component“情感或感情部分”搭配合理。而prevail “流行，盛行；获胜”是不及物动词,prompt “推动；提示”在语义上也不合逻辑。
30[B]空格在名词health 之后，可能填入副词或名词。因为空格后的that the activity can bring “这项活动可以带来的”是定语从句，故应填入名词，充当从句先行词。第一段提到“你”知道溜旱冰是极好的运动(excellent exercise)，因此本句填入语义相关的benefits “好处”。31[L]此处应填入谓语动词，构成～sb. to do sth.结构，主语attitudes 表明该词是原形。符合要求的是prompt “促使”，句子意思是“我们的态度促使我们去外面享受溜旱冰的乐趣”。
32 [E]空格前的the 表明此处应填入名词，空格后that 引导的是同位语从句，意为“这三个组成部分总是协调统一的”。impression“印象”符合上下文语义，指“我们不想给你留下这种印象”,呼应后文“它们并不是”。
33[H]空格在work together 之后，故应填入副词。perfectly“完美地”符合语境，指这三个部分配合完美。上下文没有表示动作先后的描述，故primarily“主要地，首先”不对。
34 [A]由or 可知此处应填入与eating 并列的动名词，意思上表示相反的情况，因此avoiding“避免”正确，指“吃比萨还是不吃”。
35[J]空格前的may 表明此处应填入动词原形，且是不及物动词。上一句提到情感部分可能更强的情形（probably will be stronger），本句指认知部分更强的情况，故填入与be stronger 近义的prevail“获胜”。
36 [I]【译文】如今很多符合资格的年轻选民对地方选举或者全国大选不感兴趣。
【定位解析】根据eligible for voting 和national elections 查找到I 段最后一句，该句提到最年轻的（18 至24 岁）合格选民的投票率非常低。即使是全国大选，他们之中也只有稍多于四分之一的人会去投票。题目的young people eligible for voting 对应原文中的youngest eligible voters,而national elections 则为文中原词复现,故本题答案为I 段。
37[B]【译文】父母担心自己的孩子在步入青少年时期后会卷入刑事犯罪中。
【定位解析】根据concerned, criminal offences 以及reach their teens,可查找到B 段最后两句。这两句提到在跟年轻人有关的电视新闻画面中，有20%与刑事案件有关，父母总是担心自己的小孩到了青春叛逆期会变得难以管控，题目是该处原文的同义表达。本题中的criminal offences 对应原文的criminal justice system, concern 对应原文的worry，而once they reach their teens 则是once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence 的同义转述，故本题答案为B 段。
38 [F]【译文】即使在上世纪动荡不安的年代里，年轻人的反叛也经常被媒体描述得太夸张。【定位解析】根据youth rebellion 和exaggerated 可查找到F 段第 3 句。该句提到，即使在当时，所谓的“大规模的年轻人叛逆”也被媒体报道夸大了。本题的exaggerated 是原文overdone 的同义表达（overdo 意为“对……过于夸张”）,youth rebellion 则为原词复现，所以F 段为正确答案。
39[D]【译文】现在的青少年经常在一些重要的事情上，比如说选择职业时，征求父母的建议。
【定位解析】根据题目中的turn to their parents for advice 和career choice 可查找到D 段第3 句。该句提到，现在的青少年很钦佩他们的父母，也很乐于在一些重大的事情上，比如在选择职业时，接受父母的引导。题目是该处原文的同义表述，turn to their parents for advice 对应原文的welcome parental guidance,而career choice 为原词复现，故本题答案为
D 段。
40 [C]【译文】青少年犯罪和品行不端的现象正在减少。
【定位解析】根据题目中的teenage crime 和decreasing 查找到C 段第 3 句。该句提到，犯罪、药物滥用和婚前性行为这些现象在青少年群体中普遍都有所减少。本题中的decreasing 是原文in general decline 的同义转述，misbehavior 是对原文drug abuse and premarital sex 的概括，而teenage crime 为原词复现，题目正是对该句原文的同义表述，所以C 段为正确答案。
41[K]【译文】年轻人要有崇高的理想，要力争成为领导者。
【定位解析】根据lofty ideals 和leaders,查找到K 段第 2 句。该句指出，年轻人也应当要有一些崇高的目标，包括愿意为这个更广大的社会做出贡献、热爱国家、心怀成为未来领导者的远大抱负。题目中的lofty ideals 是原文noble purposes 的同义转述，strive to be leaders 对应文中的make their own leadership contributions，故K 段为正确答案。
42 [A]【译文】有些年轻人会把某些东西藏起来不让父母发现。
【定位解析】根据keep some to themselves 查找到A 段末句。该句指出，虽然有超过三分之一的青少年会在房间里藏一些不想让父母发现的东西，但也不过就是些低俗的刊物或者CD 罢了。题目中的keep some to themselves 是对原文keep secret from their parents 的同义转述，故选A 段。
43 [L]【译文】鼓励年轻人探索更广阔的世界并为将世界变得更美好而做好准备，这是有益的。
【定位解析】根据题目中的encourage、explore、world 可查找到L 段的最后一句。该句指出，鼓励年轻人探索超越直接经验的世界，让他们为改变世界而做好准备，我们会有无穷的收获。题目中的It is beneficial 是对文中We have everything to gain 的同义转述，explore the broader world 和原文中的explore the world beyond their immediate experience 对应，make it
a better world 即原文中的shaping that world，故正确答案为L 段。
44 [E]【译文】现在很多青少年都会为需要帮助的人提供服务。
【定位解析】根据service 和the needy 查找到E 段第 2 句。该句指出，很多青少年都会自愿参加帮助弱势群体的社区服务。题目中的the needy 是原文disadvantaged people 的同义替换，故答案为E 段。
45[J]【译文】采访发现，学生基本都只关注自己的事。
【定位解析】根据题目中的Interviews 和personal matters 查找到J 段第 4 句。J 段讲到被采访的学生的反馈，当被问及想有什么改变时，学生们都只提到了跟自身有关的事，即只关注自己的事。题目正是对此处的同义概括，personal matters 是原文personal concerns 的同义表达，故正确答案为J 段。
46 [C]【定位】根据题干中的the revised “Green Guides”定位至第2 段。
【解析】本题问“绿色指南”修订版要求商家怎么做。第2 段首句指出联邦贸易委员会警告商家不得使用诸如“生态友好的”之类表达宽泛的标签。第2 句指出商家须具体怎么做,
包括要证明其产品包装上的描述属实、明确具体的益处。C 项“具体说明其产品为何是绿色的”与原文吻合，其中Specify 为原文中specific 的同义表达，故选C 项。
【干扰项排除】A 项“制造尽可能多的绿色产品”并非联邦贸易委员会的要求。联邦贸易委员会要求商家使其产品的益处具体化，如写明产品中有多少可回收成分，而非B 项“指出其产品是否可回收”。文章并未提及D 项“所有产品贴上绿色标签”。
47 [D]【定位】根据题干中的an explosion of green claims 定位至第6 段。
【解析】本题问作者对于消费者在面对绿色环保宣传泛滥时的表现有何看法。第 6 段首句指出在过去5 年左右的时间里，声称绿色环保的宣传呈爆发状态。第2 句指出消费者并不总是了解他们要购买的产品。D 项“他们并不清楚哪种产品才是真正绿色环保的”与原文相符，故为答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“他们能轻易看穿营销陷阱”与文中说的“消费者不总是了解”不符。上文虽提到消费者选购产品时会觉得迷惑，但不能由此得出B 项“他们必须花费大量时间来挑选产品”。文中有两处提到“绿色认证”，其一是庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼的事例，但并未提及“集体诉讼”是消费者发起的，故不能得出C 项“他们对当前的绿色认证存在疑虑”。
48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的SC Johnson 和the class-action lawsuits 定位至第7 段第2 句。
【解析】本题询问在集体诉讼案中，庄臣公司被指控的罪名是什么。第7 段第 2 句指出，2008 到2009 年间，庄臣公司遭到集体诉讼，被指在其清洁产品上使用“绿色清单”标签。第3 句指出诉讼认为该标签具有误导性，原因是“会使消费者误认为该产品已通过第三方认证”。C 项“它误导消费者相信他们的产品已获得第三方认证”与原文意思一致，其中misled 对应原文的misleading,故C 项为答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“它让消费者认为其所有产品都是真正的绿色产品”，涉案的只是庄臣公司的清洁产品，并未说是其所有产品，A 项可排除。本文未提及庄臣公司“授权第三方为其产品打上环保标签”和“销售不在官方‘绿色清单’中的清洁产品”，故B、D 两项也可排除。
49[A]【定位】根据题干中的Christopher Beard 定位至第8 段。
【解析】本题询问Christopher Beard 如何为该公司的标签行为作辩解。本段讲到Christopher Beard 对本公司在绿色清单体系所取得的成就感到骄傲，并且相信他们能在这些“集体诉讼”案子里胜出，然而他也承认这个（绿色标签）领域很难规范、指引。由此可知，Christopher Beard 认为那时候在绿色标签事项上没有明确的指导方针，刚好对应文章开头说的如今美国联邦贸易委员会关于绿色标签的提议，因此A 项为答案。
【干扰项排除】虽然使用生态环保标签是市场风行的做法，但是无法确定给产品加上自己公司的认证这一做法是否普遍，而且C 项“符合市场的普遍做法”也不是Christopher Beard 的辩护观点，故不选。文章未提及B 项“其公司产品广为公众接受”和D 项“法律不要求第三方认证”，也可排除。
50[B]【定位】根据题干直接定位至第11 段第2 句。
【解析】本题询问凯文?威廉引用的Wild West 所指的意义。第11 段第2 句先指出当前绿色认证的乱象犹如往昔的“西大荒”，随后指出具体乱在哪些方面：人人都可以宣称自己是环保的，与历史上美国西部拓荒时期的无政府混乱状态如出一辙，因此B 项“每家公司在绿色标签这方面都有自己的做法”与该句表述相符，为本题答案。
【干扰项排除】文章指出各公司竞相推出各自的绿色环保宣传或广告，而非“竞相生产绿色产品”，故排除A 项。C 项“消费者对有绿色标签的产品很狂热”、D 项“西部地区所生产的任何产品都可以标记为绿色产品”曲解了“the Wild West”中wild 和west 的意义。
51[B]【定位】根据题干中的America's education system 定位至第1 段。
【解析】本题询问文章对美国教育系统的评价。文章首段即明确指出作者的观点：美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，已然成为将不平等代代相传的体系。可见作者认为教育原本具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，B 项“对消除不平等毫无作用”为答案。
【干扰项排除】第1 句指出美国的教育系统不再是通往机遇的阶梯，但并非变成了“为富人提供通往机遇的阶梯”，故排除A 项。后半句指出教育系统变成了将不平等代代相传的体系，并不是指教育系统不变，C 项“几代人以来基本上保持不变”曲解其意，故排除；文章未提及教育体系具有D 项“将几代人培养成有责任感的公民”的功能，也可排除。52 [B]【定位】根据题干中的inner-city schools 定位至第3 段第1 句。
【解析】本题询问内城区学校表现不佳的主要原因。第 3 段首句指出，内城区学校表现糟糕的主要原因不是教师工会，而是poverty(贫穷）。与poverty 同义的B 项“缺乏财政来源”为答案。题干中的is chiefly responsible for 对应原文的main reason, undesirable performance 对应do poorly。
【干扰项排除】原文中只是提到主要原因不在于教师工会，而是贫穷，A 项“不合格教师”非主要原因。文章内容未涉及C 项“不良的学习环境”和D 项“潜意识的种族歧视”，也可排除。
53[C]【定位】根据题干中的the union 及题干询问内容可定位至第4 段第1、2 句。
【解析】本题询问作者的观点，工会应该如何作为来赢得公众支持。上段末尾提到工会抵制市长采取的一些措施，本段第 1 句提出了作者的观点：如果工会只是致力于获取更高的补偿，他会赞同(sympathetic)。第 2 句进一步说明为什么工会应该致力于获取更高的补偿金：只有高薪才能够吸引优秀人才到贫困地区的学校任教。因此工会应该“为教师争取更高的报酬”,C 项正确。
【干扰项排除】工会抵制了市长采取的一些措施，A 项“帮助市政府改革学校”可排除。基于本文，教师工会的职能主要是为教师提供保护和争取福利，不包括B 项“为内城区学校提供建设性的建议”和D 项“帮助教师提高教学质量”。
54 [D]【定位】根据题干中的the gold standard study, Harvard and Columbia University scholars 定位至第5 段第2 句。
【解析】本题询问哈佛大学和哥伦比亚大学的学者开展的金标准研究的结果。因此该句found 后的宾语从句即为答案：即使是在极度贫困地区的学校，教师也总是会对教育产生巨大的，或积极或消极的影响。因此，D 项“学生的表现与教师密切相关”为答案，体现了教师对教育所产生的影响。题干中的finding 是原文found 的词性转换。
【干扰项排除】文章中提及部分内城区学校的师资不佳，但并非该研究发现的结果，因此A 项“很多内城区学校的教师无法胜任他们的工作”可排除。文章未提及内城区学校学生的行为以及他们对教师的态度，因此B 项“大部分内城区的孩子经常翘课”和C 项“很多学生对他们的教师不满”也可排除。
55 [A]【定位】根据题干中的Chicago union's, demand 和an insult to students 定位至最后三段。
【解析】本题询问为什么说芝加哥工会的要求是对学生的侮辱。第9 段指出芝加哥工会坚持认为那些被解聘的（通常是不称职的）教师拥有优先聘用权，作者认为这对学生是个侮辱，第10 和第11 段对此作具体解释，指出不应过度保护这些人的工作权益，一旦满足工会要求、保护这些人的权益，学生的权益就会被牺牲掉。因此A 项“以牺牲学生为代价保护不称职的教师”为答案，at the expense of 是原文中sacrifices 的同义转换。
【干扰项排除】文章未涉及工会对学生辨别和学习能力的评估，B 项“低估了学生辨别好老师和坏老师的能力”、D 项“完全忽视学生在学习过程中的主动性”均可排除。文章未提及歧视问题，C 项“让学生感到在多方面遭受歧视”也可排除。
翻译参考答案
参考译文
China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to catch up with the developed c ountries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has substantially increased research and development funds in recent years. Universities and research institutes in China are actively c arrying out innovative researches, covering various high-tech fields such as big data, biochemistry , new energy, robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different pla ces to commercialize their innovations. Meanwhile, whether in products or business models, Chin ese entrepreneurs are also striving to be pioneers in innovation to satisfy the changing and growin g demands of both domestic and foreign consumer markets.
2016年6月六级考试真题（第一套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on E-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending
school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a
single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) The restructuring of her company.
B) The man’ s switch to a new career.
C) The updating of technology at CucinTech.
D) The project the man managed at CucinTech.
2. A) Talented personnel.
B) Effective promotion.
C) Strategic innovation.
D) Competitive products.
3. A) Innovate constantly.
B) Expand the market.
C) Recruit more talents.
D) Watch out for his competitors.
4. A) Possible bankruptcy.
B) Unforeseen difficulties.
C) Imitation by one’ s competitors.
D) Conflicts within the company.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) The importance of language proficiency.
B) The job of an interpreter.
C) The stress felt by professionals.
D) The best way to effective communication.
6. A) Admirable.
B) Promising.
C) Meaningful.
D) Rewarding.
7. A) They have all passed language proficiency tests.
B) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.
C) They all have a strong interest in language.
D) They all have professional qualifications.
8. A) It puts one’s long-term memory under more stress.
B) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.
C) It attaches more importance to accuracy.
D) It requires a much larger vocabulary.
Section B
Directions：In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),
C), and D). Then mark the corresponding fetter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) It might increase mothers’ mental distress.
B) It might increase the risk of infants’ death.
C) It might affect mothers’ health.
D) It might disturb infants’ sleep.
10. A) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.
B) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’ health.
C) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.
D) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.
11. A) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
B) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.
C) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.
D) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies.
Questions l2 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.
B) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.
C) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.
D) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.
13. A) To set up more language schools.
B) To educate native American children.
C) To revitalise America’s native languages.
D) To document endangered languages.
14. A) The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.
B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.
C) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.
D) The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.
15. A) It is widely used in language immersion schools.
B) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.
C) It is being utilised to teach native languages.
D) It tells traditional stories during family time.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.
B) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.
C) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.
D) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.
17. A) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.
B) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.
C) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.
D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.
18. A) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.
B) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.
C) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.
D) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.
Questions l9 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) They investigated the ice.
B) They analyzed the water content.
C) They explored the ocean floor.
D) They measured the depths of sea water.
20. A) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.
B) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.
C) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.
D) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.
21. A) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.
B) Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.
C) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.
D) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.
22. A) There is no easy technological solution to it.
B) It will advance nuclear technology.
C) There is no easy way to understand it.
D) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.
B) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.
C) The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.
D) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.
24. A) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.
B) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.
C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.
D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.
25. A) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.
B) Self-control can be improved through education.
C) Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.
D) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Let’s say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of 26 on your roller-skates brings a smile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a 27 attitude toward it.
This description of roller-skating 28 the three components of an attitude: affect, cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it’s great fun. These feelings 29 the affective or emotional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health 30 that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component. Our attitudes 31 us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.
Now, we don’t want to leave you with the 32 that these three components always work together 33 . They don’t: sometimes they clash. For example, let’s say you love pizza (affective component); however, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attitude result in, eating pizza or 34 it? The answer depends off which component happens to be stronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime. Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner, however, the knowledge component may 35 , and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier meal.
A) avoiding I) positive
B) benefits J) prevail
C) highlight K) primarily
D) illustrates L) prompt
E) impression M) specifications
F) improves N) strapping
G) inquiring O) typical
H) perfectly
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Changing Generation
[A] It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the
way they’re being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents’lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.
[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.
[C]The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate, sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.
[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’s survey. Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero, they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.
[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have round in teens’statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, “The kids are alright.”
[F] How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as “the generation gap”. Yet even then reports of widespread
youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the ‘60s and ‘70s shared their parents’ basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person’s family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past, within just the past five years. I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, “anything goes”mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.
[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today’s young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.
[H]Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the “laws of life”that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight. positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.
[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18-to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.
[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. “Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的),” one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said. “I feel 1ike one person can’t do that much, and I get the impression most people don’t think a group of people can do that much.” Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student’s values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, “I’d rather be
concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something.”
[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.
[L]In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.
36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.
37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.
38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.
39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.
40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.
41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.
42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don’t want their parents to know about it.
43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.
44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.
45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and
D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.
The commission’s revised “Green Guides” warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like “eco-friendly”. Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.
“This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product,”said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.
The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.
But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.
In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.
A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using “Greenlist”labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company’s own.
“We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases,” Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that “this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.”
Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.
David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.
“About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I’ve never even heard of and I’m in this industry,”said Kevin Wilhelm.chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. “It’s kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green.” Mr.Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should Pay attention to.
46. What do the revised “Green Guides” require businesses to do?
A) Manufacture as many green products as possible.
B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.
C) Specify in what way their products are green.
D) Attach green labels to all of their products.
47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?
A) They can easily see through the businesses’ tricks.
B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.
C) They have doubt about current green certification.
D) They are not clear which products are truly green.
48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?
A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.
B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.
C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.
D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official “Greenlist”.
49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company’s labeling practice?
A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.
B) His company’s products had been well received by the public.
C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.
D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.
50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying “It’s kind of a Wild West” (Lines 2-3, Para.11)?
A) Businesses compete to produce green products.
B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.
C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.
D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.
That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.
It’s true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers’ unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn’t be held accountable until poverty is solved. There’re steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.
I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.
There’s solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.
Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year.
2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A)Project organizer B)Public relations officer. C)Marketing manager. D)Market research consultant. 2.A)Quantitative advertising research. B)Questionnaire design. C)Research methodology. D)Interviewer training. 3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits. B)They examine relations between producers and customers. C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity. B)Checking charts and tables. C)Designing questionnaires. D)The persistent intensity. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5.A)His view on Canadian universities. B)His understanding of higher education. C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education. D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. 6.A)It is well designed. B)It is rather inflexible.
2016年6月六级真题二 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech. B) The updating of technology at CucinTech. C)The man's switch to a new career. D) The restructuring of her company. 2. A) Talented personnel. B) Strategic innovation. C) Competitive products. D) Effective promotion. 3. A) Expand the market. B) Recruit more talents. C) Innovate constantly. D) Watch out for his competitors. 4. A) Possible bankruptcy.
2016年6月英语六级真题第一套 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A)Project organizer B)Public relations officer. C)Marketing manager. D)Market research consultant. 2.A)Quantitative advertising research. B)Questionnaire design. C)Research methodology. D)Interviewer training. 3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits. B)They examine relations between producers and customers. C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer. C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant. 2. A) Quantitative advertising research. B) Questionnaire design. C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training. 3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits. B) They examine relations between producers and customers. C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products. D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period. 4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity. B) Checking charts and tables. C) Designing questionnaires. D) The persistent intensity. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) His view on Canadian universities. B) His understanding of higher education. C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education. D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities. 6. A) It is well designed. B) It is rather inflexible. C) It varies among universities.
2016年12月CET6大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析【官方完整版】 Part I 写作Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【参考范文】 It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a 21st century without innovation. We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in this ever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination. In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off. 【参考译文】 众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。事实上，今天我们已经很难想想一个没有创新的21世纪。 我们应该重视创新首先是因为创新精神可以让一个人完善自身，这样他才能具备见他人所未见的能力，未来才有资格得到职业生涯的进步，才能做好准备迎接以后的挑战。另外，我们也应该重视创新在经济发展方面的作用。在这个多变的时代，创新对于经济增长就像水对于鱼一样重要。换言之，如果我们以任何可能的形式无视创新的重要性，我们将遭受非常巨大的损失。 为了鼓励创新，应该采取一些且行之有效的措施。例如，大众传媒应该大力宣传创新精神的重要性，并且鼓励公众养成创新的意识。此外，对于那些想法设法进行创新的人要给予丰厚的奖励。虽然还有很长的路要走，但是我坚信大家共同付出的努力会得到回报。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Youressay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourageinvention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part H Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A. It tries to predict the possible trends of global climate change. B. It studies the impacts of global climate change on people's lives. C. It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues. D. It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming. 2. A. It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact. B. It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it. C. It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries. D. It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations. 3. A. The transition to low-carbon energy systems. B. The cooperation among world major powers. C. The signing of a global agreement. D. The raising of people's awareness. 4. A. Carry out more research on it. B. Cut down energy consumption. C. Plan well in advance. D. Adopt new technology. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. When luck plays a role. B. what determines success. C. Whether practice makes perfect. D. How important natural talent is. 6. A. It knocks at your door only once in a while. B. It is something that no one can possibly create. C. It comes naturally out of one's self-confidence. D. It means being good at seizing opportunities. 7. A. Luck rarely contributes to a person's success. B. One must have natural talent to be successful. C. One should always be ready to seize opportunities. D. Practice is essential to becoming good at something.
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第3套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) It is advertising electronic products. B) It is planning to tour East Asia. C) It is sponsoring a TV programme. D) It is giving performances in town. 2. A) 20,000 pounds. B) 12,000 pounds. C) Less than 20,000 pounds. D) Less than 12,000 pounds. 3. A) A lot of good publicity. B) Talented artists to work for it. C) Long-term investments. D) A decrease in production costs. 4. A) Promise long-term cooperation with the Company. B) Explain frankly their own current financial situation. C) Pay for the printing of the performance programme. D) Bear the cost of publicising the Company's performance. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) He has been seeing doctors and counsellors. B) He has found a new way to train his voice. C) He was caught abusing drugs. D) He might give up concert tours. 6. A) Singers may become addicted to it. B) It helps singers warm themselves up. C) Singers use it to stay away from colds. D) It can do harm to singers' vocal chords.
2015年6月大学英语六级考试阅读的section A选词填空，要求从15个题目中选出10个词填到文章中对应的空格部分。文章主题是论述科技的进步对于就业的影响。文都教育搜集整理了部分出题可能性较大的原题，供学习参考： 题目： Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___36___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has ___37___ many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticketagents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with,just as the weavers were. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___38___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___39___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___40___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered ___41___, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___42___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its ___43___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's ___44___ will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but ___45___ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it. 参考答案： 36. N swept 37. B displaced 38. I prosperity 39. H productive 40. C employed 41. F jobless 42. M shrunk
2016年12月英语六级考试真题第二套 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on invention. Your essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A. They were all good at cooking. B. They were particular about food. C. They were proud of their cuisine. D. They were fond of bacon and eggs. 2. A. His parents. B. His friends. C. His schoolmates. D. His parents' friends. 3. A. No tea was served with the meal. B. It was the real English breakfast. C. No one of the group ate it. D. It was a little overcooked. 4. A. It was full of excitement. B. It was really extraordinary. C. It was a risky experience. D. It was rather disappointing. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A. The woman's relationship with other shops. B. The business success of the woman's shop. C. The key to running a shop at a low cost. D. The woman's earnings over the years. 6. A. Improve its customer service. B. Expand its business scale. C. Keep down its expenses. D. Upgrade the goods it sells. 7. A. They are sold at lower prices than in other shops. B. They are very-popular with the local residents. C. They are delivered free of charge. D. They are in great demand. 8. A. To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers. B. To attract more customers in the neighborhood. C. To avoid being put out of business in competition. D. To maintain friendly relationships with other shops. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A. They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency. B. They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites. C. They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places. D. They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution. 10. A. They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer. B. They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area. C. They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food. D. They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers. 11. A. They were carried by the wind. B. They had become more poisonous. C. They were less than on the continent. D. They poisoned some of the fulmars. 12. A. The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds, B. The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds. C. The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans. D. The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 13. A. It has decreased. B. It has been exaggerated. C. It has become better understood. D. It has remained basically the same. 14. A. It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged. B. It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians. C. It has had no effective cure so far.
16年第二套真题听力 Conversation One 对话一 W: So Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech. 女：迈克，你在CucinTech公司负责了一个创新项目。 M: I did indeed. 男：是的。 W: Well then, first, congratulations! 女：那么，首先，祝贺你！ It seems to have been very successful. 这个项目看起来很成功。 M: Thanks, yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech. 男：谢谢，是的。我真的帮助CucinTech扭转了局面。 W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation? 女：CucinTech命运的逆转是否完全归功于战略创新？ M: Yes, yes I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. 男：是的，我认为是这样的。CucinTech以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法，所以很快就落在了其他公司的后面。 I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential—particularly in their product development. 我看到公司有很多人才并且公司存在巨大的潜力——尤其是公司的产品研发。 I just have to harness that somehow. 我只需要采取某种方法来治理公司就可以。 W: Was innovation at the core of the project? 女：这个项目的核心就是创新？ M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing, and it's changing quickly. 男：当然了。这听上去不太像陈词滥调，我们的世界在不断快速地变化。 We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. 我们需要不断创新，以跟上时代的步伐。 Stand still, and you're lost. 停滞不前就等于落后。 W: No stopping to sniff the roses?