主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。下面让我们看看不同类型的主谓一致。
1. 名词做主语
(1)单复数主谓一致
A) 一般词汇：有些词汇的复数形式是固定不变的，如：crossroads (十字路口;聚焦点), headquarters (总部), means (方法，手段), species (种类，品种), ser ie s (系列)等，但其动词的单复数取决于两点：
a) 取决于限定词：
例：Every means has been tr ie d but without much result.(各种方法都试过，可没有多大效果。)
b) 取决于上下文内容、作者所要表达的意思、特指还是泛指：
例：Are/ Is there any other means of solving the problem?(还有什么其它解题的方法吗?注意：这里可以用are表示其它方法，也可以用is表示和现在所用的方法相对比的另一种方法。)
My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea.(我喜爱的书是《老人与海》。注意：本句是特指。)
Our TV ser ie s are much better than those of Japan.(我国的电视剧比日本的好得多。注意：本句是泛指。)
c) 从句做主语
How to develop a healthy habit is a good question to discuss.
d) 学科名词一般用单数谓语动词。这样的词有：economics(经济学), electronics(电子学), mathematics(数学), politics(政治学)等等。
例：Politics is a good topic for discussion.(政治是谈论的好题目。)
e)有些表示成双成对的词，常常只用复数形式，动词一律用复数，也不能用不定冠词。比如要表示“一……”，要使用量词，通常使用“a pair of”。这样的词有：eyeglasses(眼镜), pants(裤子), scissors(剪刀), shoes(鞋), shorts(短裤), socks(短袜), stockings(长统袜), tr ousers(裤子)等。
B) 无复数形式的名词
a) 有些名词，特别是一些表示动物的名词，其单复数形式是固定不变的，但其动词的单复数取决于其限定词和上下文内容。
例：That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.(这位日本人已来过中国20次了。)
Those Japanese are visitors to our university.(那些日本人是到我们大学来参观的客人。)
b) 集合名词：大部分集合名词都可使用单数或复数动词，这主要取决于作者的强调点：强调整体时，用单数谓语;强调这个集体里的成员时，用复数谓语。这样的集合名词有：army(军队), aud ie nce(观众、听众), crowd(人群), firm(公司), government(政府), group(组、群), public(公众), staff(全体工作人员), union(联盟)等。
例：The aud ie nce was excited by the excel lent show.(精彩的演出使全体观众情绪激昂。)
The public is/are requested not to leave litter in the public places.(公众不能在公共场所乱扔垃圾。)
注意：还有一些集合名词也没有复数形式，但只能做复数名词使用，谓语动词应该用复数。这样的man(人类), police(警察)等。
c) 专有名词和不可数名词的谓语一律用单数谓语。前者指人名、地名、国家名、城市名、书名、机构名或重大事件。后者又可分为物质和抽象名词两大类。
例：The United Nations is trying to find a better way to bring the two part ie s together.(联合国正在寻求更有效的方法来调停双方。)
C) 另外，还有特殊复数形式的名词也需要你的特殊注意。这些词的复数形式可能并不明显，所以常导致谓语单复数错误。
特殊复数形式的名词：phenomenon - phenomena(现象), goose - geese(鹅), mouse - mice(老鼠)等
(2) 不定代词和带限定词的名词做主语
A) 不定代词或every加名词做主语：every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someo ne, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything在句中做主语，或做限定词限定一个名词时，后面的谓语一律用单数。
注意：上述词语做限定词加of时，后面的名词或代词都应该用复数，但谓语却用单数。即使有定语从句，其主句、从句谓语仍用单数。
例：Each one of us who is now living remembers the event.
B) 限定词加名词做主语：all, any, many, more, most, some的谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。
a) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰单数名词时，谓语为单数;当修饰复数名词时谓语为复数。
例：All of the world is against wars.(全世界都反对战争。)
There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you.(有个女孩打电话来，找你。)
b) all, any, many, more, most, some加复数名词时，谓语用复数动词。
例：All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。)
c) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数动词。
例：If there is any trouble, please come to me.(如果有什么困难，请来找我。)
More e XP er ie nce is important for getting a good job.(要得到好工作，重要的是要有更多的经验。)
2. 含有of的短语和介宾短语做主语
(1)half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, … percent of, some of, five sevenths of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词或代词，即：单数名词或代词要求用单数动词;复数名词或代词用复数动词，不可数名词或代词用单数动词。
例：Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.(我一半的业余时间都花在我的爱好上了。)
(2)a number of后面要求加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。因为前者的意思是“大量、许多、若干”，等于numbers of;后者的意思是“总数、合计”，强调的是一个数字，所以应该看成单数主语。
(3)the rest(of)表示“剩余、其余”，其用法也有二：
a) of后面可接单数、复数及不可数名词，相应的谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面所跟的名词。
b) 如果the rest表示的是剩下的东西，则谓语动词用单数;如果表示的是其余的，特别指人时，其谓语动词应该用复数。
例：The majority of students went to the lab, the rest are staying in the classroom.(多数学生去了实验室，其余的人留在教室。)
(4) 当主语不止一个，且主语间由介词with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than, not to mention, including, like, but, except等连接时，其谓语动词取决于前一个主语，即上述介词前的名词或代词。
例：Television, along with other means of communication, helps us to keep informed about contemporary affairs.
3. 连词加名词做主语
(1)not only……but also, either……or, neither……nor, or等连接多个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于离谓语最近的那个主语。这就是我们常说的“就近原则”。
例：Not only one but also all of us were invited.(不只是一个，而是我们全体都受到邀请。)
(2)由and连接两个或多个主语时，后面一般都跟复数谓语动词，只有在下述几种情况下，才要求接单数谓语：
A) 表示“兼”时：
例：The singer and dancer attends our evening.(这位歌手兼舞蹈家参加了我们的晚会。)
注意：表示两个人时，and后面应加不定冠词、定冠词或其它限定词。
B) 固定词组a knife and fork(一副刀叉), a cup and saucer(带茶托的茶杯), ice-cream and cake(冰淇淋蛋糕), iron and steel (钢铁)等，动词一律用单数。
注意：如果把and前面和后面的词作为两个不同的内涵(通常在and后面的名词或代词前加不定冠词、定冠词或其它限定词)，则说明and起并联作用，谓语应该用复数。
例：There are a knife and a fork.(桌子上有一把刀子和一把叉子。)
4. 数词、量词和动名词等做主语
(1)量词做主语：凡是计量时间、距离、金钱、体积、尺寸等的度量衡做主语时，谓语动词都用单数。常见的这种词有：years, dolla rs, dozens, miles, length, width等。
例：100 years is too long.(100年太长。)
(2)数学上的加、减、乘、除的规律是：加法和乘法的谓语动词单复数皆可;而减法和除法的谓语动词一律用单数。
(3)分类词做主语：由form, kind, part, p ie ce, type等词加of形成的短语做主语时，其谓语的单复数取决于这些词本身的单复数。
例：The newest types of computer are on show.(现在正在展出最新型的计算机。)
(4)动名词和不定式做主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。
例：Talking mends no holes.(空谈无济于事。)
To set up the tent costs us two hours each time.(每次我们支起帐篷都要花两个小时。)
5. 从句作主语
从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
【模拟试题】(答题时间：50分钟)
一. 单选
1. Thirty pounds ________ (is / are) too much for this coat.
2. No news ________ (is / are) good news.
3. Maths ________ (is / are ) too difficult for him.
4. There __________ (is / are) a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.
6. Nothing _________ (is / are) different from what you think.
7. Mr.Brown, with her daughter _________ ( is / are) walking in the park.
8. The number of the students in their school _______ ( is / are) over four hundred.
9. Both of them _______ (is / are) students.
10. Neither of the answers _________ ( is / are) correct.
11. Each of us ________ ( has / have) an English-Chinese dictionary.
12. Neither I nor my brother _________( have / has) seen the film.
13. Not only her parents but also her grandfather __________ ( like / likes) her very much.
14. Either you or I _______ (are / am) wrong.
15. This kind of computers _________ (is/ are) made in China.
16. 99 and 2 _________ ( is / are) 101.
17. “You” ________ (is / are) a pronoun.
18. The United Nations ________(was / were) founded in 1945.
19. Both Kate and I _________ (are /am) getting ready for the picnic now.
20. Neither of them ________(is / are) on the team.
21. The whole family ________( is / are) music lovers.
22. The old ________ ( is / are ) taken good care of.
24. The Chinese people ________ (is / are) a great people.
25. Many a student _______ ( has / have ) passed the exam.
26. Two times four _______ ( is / are ) eight.
27. Doing exercises ______ (is / are) good for your health.
28. Everyone except Tom and John _______ ( was / were) there.
29. This pair of glasses ________ ( is / are) Mr. Green’s.
30. One and a half days ________( is / are) all I can spare.
31. She as well as the other students ________ ( has / have )learned how to type.
32. The singer and dancer _______ (comes / come) from Guangxi.
33. All that ________ ( glitters / glitter ) is not gold.
34. The police _______ ( is / are) searching for the murderer.
35. To be fr ie ndly to people _______ (is / are) important for us.
二. 完型
Everyone knows that smoking is no good for health, but still more and more people begin to smoke. Every year about millions of smokers die from 1 . Most of the smokers are men. But more and more 2 also begin to smoke. The number of smokers is becoming larger and larger each year. Every year the government has to spend lots of money 3 the people wit h illness caused by smoking, 4 it also has to pay lots of money for the great loss in the 5 caused by smoking. So the gove rnment wants people to give up smoking, but the tobacco compan ie s want more young people, even students in middle sch ool, to 6 because they want to make more money from tobacco sales.
Why do many smokers find it hard to give up smoking? The 7 with tobacco is that it has a drug called nicotine inside. It is the drug that gets them into the habit of smoking and makes them find it 8 to stop.
1. A. drinking B. eating C. smoking D. laughing
2. A. men B. women C. children D. people
3. A. finding B. following C. making D. looking after
4. A. but B. so C. and D. or
5. A. fire B. water C. building D. sickness
6. A. stop smoking B. start smoking C. go on smoking D. make more tobacco
7. A. question B. result C. problem D. answer
8. A. difficult B. easy C. e XP ensive D. impossible
三. 阅读理解
DIY is very popular in China now. Do you know what it is?
Yang Chen works for a computer business in Beijing. Though he enjoys his work, it is hard for him to relax after wor k.
“For a long time, I had no choice except going to a bar for a drink and karaoke to relax myself,” he said.
One day when he saw many toy dogs in a toy shop, he had an idea. “Why not do some kind of things and relax myse lf?” Then he began to make model planes, model ships and something else. The things he has made by himself don’t look as professionally made as those in the shops, but he likes doing it.
“It’s not as much fun to play with things which are bought e XP ensively from the shops,” he said.
Now his bookshelves are full of many kinds of things he has made. They are very beautiful and his families and fr ie nd s like them very much.
More and more young people are like Yang, making or creating things on their own. They like to do it themselves.
Though making things with our own hands may take much time, some people, now known as DIYers-do-it-yourselfers, enjoy doing it very much. They can make all kinds of things they like.
DIY is becoming more and more popular in China. It may be to the young, yet many people remember when it was o nce a way of life.
During 1960s and 1970s, when there were not enough living things for people to live on, they had to use their own ha nds to do many things. Whitewashing the wall or making clothes was a part of life because there was no other choice. If y ou wanted something done, you had to do it yourself; and if you needed something, you made it yourself.
But times have changed and DIY has also different meaning now.
( ) 1. What does Yang Chen enjoy doing most in his free time now?
A. Playing computer games.
B. Going to a bar for a drink and karaoke.
C. Whitewashing the wall.
D. Making something by himself.
( ) 2. Many young people like making things by themselves because _______.
A. they want to make more money
B. they do it for fun
C. they need them in their life
D. they can’t buy them anywhere
( ) 3. From the passage we know________
A. some people like to spend their spare time making this themselves.
B. more and more people are beginning to make model planes.
C. between 1960s and 1970s, people liked making things themselves.
D. more and more young people begin to do like Yang Chen.
( ) 4. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. The things Yang made don’t look as professionally made as those in the shops.
B. Planes bought from the shops are too e XP ensive.
C. DIY is a good way of life.
D. DIY was a part of life in the past.
【试题答案】
一、1. is 2. is 3. is 4. is 5. is 6. is 7. is 8. is 9. are 10. is 11. has 12. has
13. likes 14. am 15. are 16. is 17. is 18. was 19. are 20. is 21. are 22. are
23. are 24. is 25. have 26. is / are 27. is 28. was 29. are 30. is 31. has
32. comes 33. glitters 34. are 35. is
二、C B D C A B C A
三、D B A C
主语与谓语动词的一致 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 英语谓语动词的形式必须随其主语的人称及数的不同而变化，这就叫作主语与谓语动词的一致，简称主谓一致。 在现代英语中除动词be有不同的人称形式(am, is, are, was, were)以及动词have有特殊的单数第三人称现在式形式(has)外，其余的动词只有单数第三人称现在式形式加-s / -es，其他形式则无区别。因此对于学习者而言，主谓一致问题主要是注意单数第三人称现在式动词形式加-s / -es的问题。处理主谓一致问题可依照不同的原则，即从不同的角度着眼。以下对这些原则及容易产生困惑之处加以分析、归纳。 1．语法一致，即主语为单数，就使用单数形式的动词，主语为复数，就使用复数形式的动词。 1．1．单数及复数名词的辨别。 某些名词单数词尾，却用作复数，如：people (人们), police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。 People have the right to defend themselves. The police are investigating the murder of a six-year-old girl. The poultry have been fed. 某些名词复数词尾，却常用作单数，如：news, mathematics / maths, physics, politics等。
Mathematics / Maths（数学学科）is the science of pure quantity. (Her mathematics / maths（数学能力）are / is rather shaky.) The news is favourable this morning. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是单数词尾，如：fish, sheep, deer, craft, Chinese, Swiss等。 In summer the red dear has a reddishbrown coat. A baby deer is able to stand up as soon as it is born. Baby deer are able to stand up as soon as they are born. 某些名词单数、复数形式相同，都是复数词尾，如：means (=way), works (=factory), crossroads, series, species, barracks, headquarters 等。 All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 1．2．避免主语的同位语及其它修饰语语义上的干扰。 容易产生干扰的同位语：each, one of…, like …, such as…, including…, especially…, particularly…, for example,…等。 Some rubbish, such as / like food and paper, rots away over a period of time. Practical lessons, such as / like woodwork, are not considered to be as important as maths. We each have a different point of view. (each作同位语)
谓语动词单复数用法: 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
?主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。 ?主谓一致原则: 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。 谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 （2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如：
with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to， 谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。 （3）非谓语动词或从句作主语 非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。 Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。 When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。 注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。
谓语动词和非谓语动词及各种句型的判断 一．意义 谓语动词和非谓语动词在高中英语教和学中具有重要意义，主要表现在写作，语法填空和阅读长难句判断中。 例如：典型例子：1.There are many people stand at the gate. Standing 的误用 2.After luckily _______(succeed) in the national college entrance examination, I realized my dream again. 3.He has two children, both of ________ are doctors. 4. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). 5. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__(disappoint) 6. Maybe you leave a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. 英语句子的标志：首字母大写，和结尾用句号。T here is a purse on the ground. P rofessor Mayer, recognized by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced the results of a study on school students. M iss Mary teaches us English. （teaches 动词作谓语） M r.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. a，在一个句子中，若只有一个动词，则此动词一定为谓语，若有两个及两个以上动词，就会出现两种情况：1. 两动词都是谓语动词形式，此时两个谓语动词之间必有连词，或并列连词，或从属连词；2. 两动词中必有非谓语，此时两动词之间没有连词。 例如： The novel written by him is very popular. The novel which was written by him is very popular. There is a purse that is lying on the ground. There is a purse lying on the ground. Our coming made him happy. 因此，判断一个句子中谓语与非谓语，带连词与不带连词的方法是：先找句子中的动词，根据连词判断所找到的动词是谓语还是非谓语；或者根据所找的动词的谓语非谓语动词形式判断需要或不需要用连词. 总之，一般句子只要有两个及以上谓语动词形式，必然有连词。反之亦然，只要有连词连接两个动词，必然有谓语动词。 理解这一点对于理解下列句子很有帮助： He has two children, both of __whom__ are doctors. =He has two children, and both of __them__ are doctors. =He has two children, both of __them_ doctors. Our coming made him happy. (简单句。句中两个动词，come和make，谓语动词为make，没有连词连接make和come，所以come用非谓语动词形式) =We had come and that made him happy.（make和come都用了谓语动词形式，有连词and，并列句）
名词与主谓一致 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
专题七名词与主谓一致一、考情分析 近年来对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析及并列主语的主谓一致上，其次是名词所有格、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化以及不定数量的词或词组与名词的搭配关系上。 考查考生在理解题干内容的基础上对词汇或语法知识的掌握情况，加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查。 二、名词的数 英语中大多数可数名词都可以通过加-s或–es的方法变为复数名词。不可数名词（抽象或物质）没有复数形式，专有名词一般只有单数形式，只有少数专有名词才有复数形式。 （一）规则变化 （二）一些特殊情况 1. 合成名词变为复数时，通常把主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，将最后一部分变为复数。如： Sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers,housewives等
2. family, team, class, group, government, crowd, audience等作主语时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如果看成成员，谓语动词用复数。 某些集体名词，如people, polic, youth, cattle等及clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses 作主语时，谓语用复数。若这类名词与a pair of 等词连用时，谓语动词往往用单数。 3. 单、复数同形的名词如means（方法）作主语时，应根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。 4. 有些名词呈现了复数形式，如news,manners, politics, physics 等但并不表示复数概念。 5. 有些名词总是在使用时用其复数形式，如thanks, regards, congratulations, goods, works, tears, instructions, directions, respects 等。 6. 有些短语要求用名词复数形式. 如 make friends with shake hands with take pains to do sth. make both ends meet … （三）名词与表示数量的词或短语的搭配
主谓一致 主谓一致指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数等方面应保持一致。英语中主谓一致的具体应用比较复杂，高考试卷中主谓一致的基本情况可以以下述三条原则为主线进行系统地把握。 （一）主谓一致的原则一：语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。 例如：He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。 1.可以通过下面的主谓一致一般搭配总表把握语法一致原则： 一般现在时中实义动词作谓语 第一人称单数 I am was do have shall should动词原形 第一人称复数 We are were do have shall should动词原形 第二人称单或复数 you are were do have will would动词原形 第三人称单数 He, she, it, 单数名词 is was does has will would动词原形+-s词尾 第三人称复数 they及复数名词 are were do have will would动词原形 2.掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则，要注意两个特殊问题： (1)主语前、后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响，尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时，谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。 例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会 A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。 Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外，没人知道这件事。 (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)，谓语动词需用单数形式。 例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。 The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。 A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。 注意：对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。 （二）主谓一致的原则二：意义一致原则
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。
现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
集合名词的主谓一致 篇一：集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词 police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数： The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。 People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。 Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。 注goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式： Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。 The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。 3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。 Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。 The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。 It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。 注有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以： The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。 The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
主语和谓语的一致 1. 主语和谓语的一致关系： 谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致： Her dreams_have_come true. Her dream_has_come true. She often arrives_at_school late. They often arrive_at_school late. It is getting dark. Eggs are gett ing scarcer. 1 a m gett ing bored. 2. 确定主语单复数的三个原则： 2 -1.语法上一致的原则： The boy_plays_football well. The boys_play_football well. It_is_bitterly cold. I_am_ very cold. 2 -2.概念上一致的原则： My family_are_all_early risers.（指家中的全体成员,有复数含义）His family_has_moved_into the new house.（指整个家, 用作单数）Five_minutes_is_enough.（一个时间段,看作单数） The_crew_are_waiting for instructions from the captain.（指全体船员， 复数） 2 -3.邻近词一致的原则： Neither he no r_they_are_wholly right.
Neither Tomnor the_ Brow ns enjo y_ their journey to Beiji ng owi ng to the bad weather. Either your key or my key _i s_miss ing. Not only but_also_their_teacher_has_participated in the party. He or l_am_in the wrong. -what 'worth visiting there? -well, there 'the park, the castle and the museum. 3. 主谓一致的具体原则： 3 -1.根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式： 单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语 The_teacher_e ncourages_the stude nts to speak freely. My_wages_are low, but me taxes_are_high. Their_house_has _nine room. It_always_pays_to_ give your paper one final check. 在主语+系词+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其表语的影响. Their greatest con cern_is_the_childre n. The most appreciated gift was the clothes_that_you sent us. What we n eed most is_books._ Paul _is_friends_with bill. 在单数名词(主语)+(together)with+ 名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致, 这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用，而非主语的一部分. 短语： Along with, as well as, in additi on to, accompa nied by, rather tha n, as much as, no less tha n, in clud ing, besides, except, but, like. The_factory_with all its equipme nt has bee n bur nt. You as well as I are wrong.
【精品】非谓语动词总结以及易错点 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Tom made a small cage _____ the little injured bird till it could fly. A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词不定式。句意：Tom为了养这只受伤的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子，直到它会飞。此题根据句意和句型结构推知此处keep应该表示目的；在英语中，表示目的的动词应该使用动词不定式即to do sth。故选D。 2． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构可转化为sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。如： It is reported that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. The news reports that Cheng Yifei died several days ago. Cheng Yifei is reported to have died several days ago. 因此B选项正确。 句意为“ 有人认为他已做了一件傻事。现在应怪他自己丢掉这份工作。” 考点：考查动词非谓语形式。 3．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed表示被动且正在进行；C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生；D. allowed表示被动且完成，故选B。 【点睛】 判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。
当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和be 动词. 省略的条件: (1)从句中被省略的主语必须与主句的主语一致,或者是it；(2)谓语动词必须含有be；(3)从句必须与主语和be动词一起省去，不可只省略主语而保留整个谓语，也不可只保留主语而省略谓语。 1. 由when/while/as/once/whenever/as soon as引导的时间状语从句 例：Please come here as soon as（it is）possible. While （I was——walking in the rain, I heard my name called. 我在雨中漫步时，听到有人叫我的名字。 由if/unless引导的条件状语从句例：She won’t come to party unless（she is）invited.由though/although/even if/even though引导的让步状语从句 例：He is very good at painting, though（he is）very young. T hough（he was）exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。由because引导的原因状语从句 例：He was praised because （he was）brave. 5. 由wherever/where引导的地点状语从句 例：Fill in the blanks with articles where（it is）necessary. 从句和主句中相同或大体相同部分都可以省略 例：The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 She is as tall as I. 她和我一样高。 由as if/as though/as 引导的方式状语从句 例：The boy looked as if（he was）afraid of nothing. I wonder why he didn’t do as（he was）told to. 比较状语从句省略相同的部分： 例：She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties. He has lived here longer than I (has lived). In winter it is colder in Beijing than（it is）in Guangzhou.
动词的形式-----谓语动词和非谓语动词 突破点（一）--如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词 若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词就作谓语 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。例如2016全国Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense of achievement .Leave the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable. 分析：该句中主语为动名词leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填is 例二2016四川高考The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world. 分析：句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且panda 与love 间是被动关系，用被动语态故填is loved (2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词（并列连词或从句连词）时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是vIng形式，Ved 形式还是不定式。 例1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs. 分析:本句已有谓语动词combine 且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处为不定式作目的状语故填to create 例二2016 全国My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 分析：句中已有谓语动词include 且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示Introduce和空后的名词visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填introducing.