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MAA303 Exam Solution 2 2008

MAA303 Exam Solution 2  2008
MAA303 Exam Solution 2  2008

EXAMINATION PAPER

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND LAW

School of Accounting, Economics and Finance

SEMESTER TWO 2008

Unit Code:MAA 303

Unit Name:Auditing

Writing Time: 2 Hours

Reading Time: 15 Minutes

This examination is CLOSED BOOK.

All Multiple Choice Questions must be answered on the answer sheet supplied on the back page of the exam. Instructions for Candidates:

1. This paper consists of 2 sections.

2. This paper carries 60 marks.

(This is 60% of your total assessment in this unit).

3. Part A Multiple Choice is worth 17 marks

4. ALL QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED on this exam

paper.

THIS PAPER MUST REMAIN IN THE EXAMINATION ROOM. Materials authorised for this examination must be in accordance with Deakin University policy.

PART A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Answers must be placed on the back page of this exam.

Do not remove the answer sheet from the exam booklet.

1. An examinatio n of a company?s efficiency, effectiveness and economy is called a:

a. compliance audit

b. half yearly audit

c. performance audit

d. financial report audit.

2. The main regulatory agency that develops legislation that affects auditors is the:

a. ASX

b. Financial Reporting Council

c. ASIC

d. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia

3. Which of the following is not an audit assertion?

a. Accuracy

b. Existence

c. Rights and obligations

d. Valuation

4. Which of the following is not a principle of professional conduct?

a. Auditors must be honest and sincere in their approach.

b. Auditors? primary responsibility is to the community and its laws.

c. Auditors have the right to disclose any information gathered during an audit, otherwise there is a …scope? limitation and the audit report must be qualifie

d. d. Auditors must both be independent in fact and also appear to be independent.

5. A representation letter issued by a client company:

a. is essential for the preparation of the audit plan

b. can be relied upon to reduce planned detection risk

c. does not reduce the auditor?s responsibilities\

d. can reduce audit responsibilities if management accepts responsibility for specific assertions in the financial reports.

6. Accounts receivable confirmation may be deemed not necessary when:

a. accounts receivable is not a material balance

b. response rates are likely to be low or unreliable

c. the combined level of inherent risk and control risk is low

d. all of the above

7. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. The auditor?s preliminary judgement about control and inherent risk is an integral part of planning tests of balances.

b. Analytical procedures are generally carried out only in the planning phase of the audit.\

c. The tests of controls carried out before commencing balances tests may alter the planned detection risk if the preliminary control risk assessment was incorrect.

d. Tests of details of balances relate to the audit of the items which comprise the ending general ledger balances.

8. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Pre-numbering of invoices relates to the completeness assertion.

b. Authorisation of credit relates to the existence assertion.

c. Sending monthly statements to customers relates to both the existence and disclosure objectives.

d. All of the abov

e.

9. Which of the following are the 4 phases of an audit, listed in order of their performance?

a. Tests of controls; plan and design the audit approach; analytical procedures and substantive tests; completing the audit.

b. Plan and design the audit approach; analytical procedures and substantive tests; tests of controls; completing the audit

c. Plan and design the audit approach; tests of controls; analytical procedures and substantive tests; completing the audit.

d. None of the abov

e.

10. Which of the following is not a test of controls?

a. Reperforming a client?s procedures.

b. Examining documentation for evidence of the operation of a control.

c. Observing control-related activities to ensure they are in operation.

d. Sending confirmation letters to outside parties to confirm the operation of a control.

11. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. It is the auditor?s responsibility to ensure that internal controls are properly established.

b. The auditor undertakes a review of internal controls in order to make an assessment of inherent risk.

c. If the auditor finds that control risk is high, the extent of other audit testing required is increase

d.

d. Auditors use the assessment of planned detection risk to assist in the preliminary assessment of control risk.

12. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Materiality can be determined only by reference to the accounting standards.

b. Materiality depends on the nature of the item rather than the dollar amount.

c. Deciding materiality is principally a matter professional judgement.

d. Deciding on materiality is of importance only when planning the audit.

13. Identify the INCORRECT statement.

a. Obtaining background information is helpful in identifying risks in an industry that may affect the auditor?s assessment of audit risk.

b. An auditor should resign from an audit if they do not have the specialist training required for an aspect of an audit.

c. Identifying related parties is important because the risk of misstatement in transactions with these entities is higher than usual.

d. The auditor should review company policies to ensure that significant management decisions have authorisation from the Board of Directors.

14. Identify the correct statement.

a. Evidence obtained from a source outside the entity is less reliable as the auditor has no assurance that the outside party is reliable.

b. For evidence to be persuasive, it must be both appropriate and sufficient.

c. Competence and sufficiency of evidence need to be evaluated separately

to determine whether the evidence is persuasive or not.

d. Oral evidence obtained from management is superior to documents like bank statements.

15. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. Management has the responsibility for establishing adequate internal controls.

b. Management ultimately decides on the disclosures to be made in the financial statements.

c. Before the auditor can issue the audit report, the auditor must have absolute assurance about the accuracy of the financial reports.

d. The auditor ultimately decides on the disclosure to be made in the auditor?s report.

16. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. Inherent risk is the likelihood of misstatements arising in an accounting system under the assumption that there are no internal controls.

b. Audit risk is the chance that an auditor makes an inappropriate decision about the information contained in the directors? report on the financial statements.

c. Detection risk is the chance that substantive audit procedures fail to detect misstatements arising in the accounts.

d. If control risk is high the auditor will increase the level of substantive testing to reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

17. Which of the following is not a part of the internal control environment?

a. Management?s philosophy and operating style.

b. The existence of an internal audit function.

c. The organisational structure of the entity being audite

d.

d. The completion of bank reconciliations.

17 x 1 = 17 marks.

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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PART B.

Question 1.

a) The most important characteristic of a professional is ethical behaviour. Why is this so?

The advantages of a profession depend on its reputation. Ethical behaviour is the foundation of this reputation.

The social contract that allows professions to operate as monopolies is based on ethical behaviour.

Ethical behaviour underlies all the ethical principles like integrity, objectivity, confidentiality, competence and professional behaviour.

b) The most important value for an auditor is independence. Why is this so?

Independence from self-interest, self-review, familiarity, advocacy and other threats allows the auditor to make unbiased or objective judgments about the truth and fairness of the financial reports. If an auditor is biased for any reason, then their opinion is worthless and they are unable to add any credibility to the reports.

(2 + 2 = 4 marks)

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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Question 2

You are the auditor of Client Pty. Ltd. Internal audit has told you that in the past year they discovered that a senior executive had overridden the internal controls in order to commit a material payroll fraud. The executive was dismissed. Separately discuss the implications of this information for your:

a) inherent risk assessment,

The reputation of management is questionable. The management culture should be considered by the auditor. This might be considered a control risk issue.

The main inherent risk issue is the possibility for other frauds occurring.

Clearly the opportunity exists, students should discuss the other parts of the fraud triangle, incentives and attitudes.

b) control risk assessment, and

This fraud points to problems with the control environment and control procedures. As the fraud was carried out by a senior manager, the control environment has failed and it cannot be assumed that the internal control system is adequate. The auditor cannot rely on some existing controls –those that the manager in question might have influenced, but others as well. Control risk should be assessed as high.

The fraud was discovered by internal audit. This provides some assurance about one aspect of the control system.

The adequacy of the client?s recruiting system should be considered.

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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c) audit plan.

As control risk is high, it is necessary to increase the extent of substantive testing, especially in those areas likely affected by the fraud; ie payroll.

If any controls are to be relied upon, more extensive testing of controls should be carried out.

d) What do you, as the external auditor, need to consider before using the assistance of an internal auditor?

?P rofessional standing,

?c ompetence,

?r elevance of their work to the financial reports,

?r eporting arrangements (to board)

(2*4 = 8 marks)

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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Question 3

The Australian courts have typically been conservative in relation to auditor?s duties to “third parties”.

a) What is a “third party”? Give an example.

A third party is someone who is interested in the audit but is not a party to

the audit contract. The parties to the audit contract are the auditor and the shareholders of the company. An interested third part might be a bank, a finance company, a major customer or supplier, an investor or another entity interested in taking over the company.

b) Explain how an auditor might have an obligation to a third party, and describe the boundaries that have been placed on this obligation by the courts. It is not necessary to quote the names/dates of cases, but you should identify the substance of at least one important decision made by the courts.

An auditor would have an obligation to a third part if that party can establish that the auditor had a duty of care to that party. the third party can also establish that the auditor was

negligent, and

th at they suffered a quantifiable loss attributable to the auditor?s negligence.

A duty of care might arise when the third party is known to the auditor;

they intend to make a decision based on the auditor?s report, and the auditor is aware of this intention. Such a situation is termed proximity.

The courts have sometimes recognised an auditor?s duty of care to a third party, but mostly have been reluctant to accept this.

c) Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of a more liberal view in

the courts - that is, if the courts were more willing to recognise the claims of third parties.

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

__________________________________________________

Advantage.

A more liberal view would make auditor?s more accountable and potentially

increase the quality of audits.

Disadvantage

If auditors were more vulnerable to third party actions, the price of audits and professional insurance would rise, and much more litigation would eventuate.

(2 + 3 + 4 = 9 marks) Question 4

a) Identify three clear and separate substantive audit tests; one for the existence of inventory, one for rights relating to inventory and a third for inventory valuation.

Existence.

Attend the count and test count some items.

Rights.

Inspect invoices to ensure that the client company was the purchaser. Also check payments to establish that the items were purchased from company funds.

Valuation.

Inspect invoices for prices.

Compare inventory values against recent selling prices.

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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b) List three duties carried out by client personnel with respect to inventory that should be segregated to ensure good internal control.

Recording of inventory (inventory or accounts payable clerk)

Custody of inventory. (Warehouseman or receiver)

Authorisation of inventory purchases (purchasing officer)

(3 + 3 Marks) Question 5

You have audited Client Co. for several years. In your engagement letter you specified “this being an ordinary examination, it is not primarily or specifically designed and cannot be relied on to disclose fraud and similar irregularities, though their discovery may result”

Three years ago, the cashier devised a novel method of embezzlement. During the current year, the controller discovered this problem because of unexplained variances in certain accounts, and when the cashier was questioned about the matter, she confessed to stealing over $250 000. She has no assets with which to repay the losses. Client now seeks to recover its losses from you. In your defence you say:

(i) the claim is not valid because the terms of the engagement did not

specifically include the discovery of fraud other than that which might

arise in the process of an ordinary examination, and

(ii) the novelty of the fraud made it unlikely that any auditor could have

discovered the fraud.

Discuss the validity of these two defences.

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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The first defence is a valid point. The audit is not specifically designed to discover fraud.

The issue of materiality is significant. Is $250 000 material in the audit? The second defence is also a valid point. However, the fraud was discovered by the controller through an analysis of variances, so it was not so difficult to discover. The audit is, however, done on a test basis and it is not a guarantee of accuracy.

Overall, while there was a duty of care and there was a quantifiable loss suffered by the client; ther e is no evidence of negligence on the auditor?s part.

(5 marks)

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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Question 6

Your firm is the external auditor of ABC Limited, a large and diversified entity, and the following time lines apply:

?b alance date: 30 June 20X0

?d irectors? declaration an d audit report signed: 20 July 20X0

?f inancial report and audit report mailed to shareholders: 27 July 20X0 Consider each of the following independent and material situations which have occurred in relation to ABC:

1. On 20 June 20X0, ABC entered into a contract to purchase mineral ore from XYZ Pty Limited. The ore was shipped on 21 June 20X0. At the time of entering into the contract, the mineral content of the ore was estimated to be 60 per cent, and the liability calculated accordingly. However, when the shipment was received on 13 July 20X0, the mineral content was found to be 80 per cent, resulting in the liability being understated.

2. On 30 July 20X0, ABC management informed you that, after having financial difficulty, one of its major debtors was declared bankrupt on 18 July 20X0. Preliminary indications are that none of the debt is likely to be recovered. As at 30 June 20X0, ABC had not known about this issue.

For each of the events above, select the appropriate action A to D from the list below, explain your choice, and identify evidence you would seek in relation to these matters.

A Adjust the 30 June 20X0 financial report.

B Disclose the information in a note to the 30 June 20X0 financial report.

C Request the client to recall the June 20X0 financial report for revision.

D No action is required.

Purchase contract.

A The liability existed at the balance date. New information about

its value has been received. Adjustment is required. Evidence required is a report or other communication about the ore quality.

Bankruptcy.

C confirms that the trade receivable was not collectable at the

reporting date. Adjust and reissue report. Though auditor was not responsible to find, the matter was brought to their attention. See p597 Evidence is correspondence about bankruptcy, court bankruptcy declaration, or similar.

(2 * 3 = 6 marks)

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

__________________________________________________

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

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Question 7

X. Co. financial reports show a debtor at year end with a balance of $280,000. While you (the auditor) have been able to establish that the amount has been paid since year end, you were unable to locate any of the related sales invoices. You have asked management to provide these invoices, but they have refused as these are related to a highly confidential contract with the Defence Department. They also refuse to show you the contract. You note that X Co. has several government clients on its accounts receivable list that you have not been able to reconcile and the company management has refused permission for you to send confirmation letters.

What type of audit report would you issue? Explain why. Also assess the materiality of this matter.

Audit opinion type and explanation

Qualification with scope limitation.

While the amount has been paid and so was collectible at year end, the auditor has not been able to satisfy themselves as to the balance of the Debtors account. Sales is also affected.

The auditor needs to include an explanatory paragraph in the report explaining the circumstances, and that uncertainty exists about the Debtors and Sales balances.

The problem does not make the financial reports as a whole uncertain, so does not require a disclaimer. If the student argues this point, accept disclaimer.

Materiality.

As the balance has been paid and the auditor has no reason to think that the financial reports are misstated in $ terms (and no reason to think that they are not misstated) Materiality needs to be assessed in terms of the decision making needs of the users of the financial reports.

As the uncertainty exists about debtors and sales, it is likely of interest to users and should be disclosed. Therefore we can conclude that it is material.

(3 + 2 = 5 marks)

MAA303 Auditing

Semester Two 2008 Examination

__________________________________________________

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Place an X on the correct answer.

If you wish to change your answer, completely black out the Incorrect answer and place an X on the correct one.

END OF EXAMINATION

广东海洋大学研究生入学考试真题811动物生理生化

广东海洋大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试 《动物生理生化》(811)试卷 (请将答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上不给分。本科目满分150分) 第一部分:动物生理学(75分) 一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共15分。) 1.下列对肺泡表面张力的描述正确的是()。 A.肺泡表面液体层的分子间引力所产生 B. 肺泡弹性纤维所产生 C.肺泡表面活性物质所产生 D. 肺泡内皮细胞所产生 2.快速静脉滴注生理盐水时可出现()。 A. 肾球囊囊内压升高 B. 肾小球毛细血管血压升高 C. 肾小球毛细血管血压降低 D. 血浆胶体渗透压降低 3.血液中起关键作用的缓冲对是()。 A. KHCO3/H2CO3 B. NaHCO3/H2CO3 C. K2HPO4/KH2PO4 D. Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 4. 窦房结慢反应自律细胞动作电位0期的形成是因为下列哪种离子的流动所形成()。 A. Ca2+内流 B. Na+内流 C. K+外流 D. K+内流 5. 条件反射建立的结构基础是()。 A. 固定的反射弧 B. 刺激 C. 非条件反射 D. 食物 6. 组织处于绝对不应期,其兴奋性()。 A. 为零 B. 较高 C. 正常 D. 无限大 7. 血浆晶体渗透压的形成与下列哪种物质有关()。 A. Nacl B. KCl C. 白蛋白 D. 红细胞

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动物生物化学试题

动物生物化学试题 (A) 2006.1 一、解释名词(20分,每小题4分) 1. 氧化磷酸化 2. 限制性核酸内切酶 3. Km 4. 核糖体 5. 联合脱氨基作用 二、识别符号(每小题1分,共5分) 1.SAM 2.Tyr 3.cDNA 4.PRPP 5.VLDL 三、填空题(15分) 1. 蛋白质分子的高级结构指的是(1分), 稳定其结构的主要作用力有(2分)。 2. 原核生物的操纵子是由 (1分)基因, (1分)基因及其下游的若干个功能上相关的(1分)基因所构成。 3. NADH呼吸链的组成与排列顺序为 (3分)。 4. 酮体是脂肪酸在肝脏中产生的不完全分解产物,包括(1分),

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动物生物化学试卷试题最新完整标准包括答案.docx

动物生物化学试题(A) 2006.1 一、解释名词(20分,每小题4分) 1. 氧化磷酸化 2.限制性核酸内切酶 3. Km 4.核糖体 5.联合脱氨基作用 二、识别符号(每小题 1 分,共 5 分) 1.SAM 2.Tyr 3.cDNA 4.PRPP 5.VLDL 三、填空题(15分) 1.蛋白质分子的高级结构指的是( 1分), 稳定其结构的主要作用力有(2分)。 2.原核生物的操纵子是由(1分 ) 基因,(1分 ) 基因及其下游 的若干个功能上相关的( 1 分)基因所构成。 3.NADH呼吸链的组成与排列顺序为 ( 3 分)。 4.酮体是脂肪酸在肝脏中产生的不完全分解产物,包括( 1分), ( 1 分)和( 1 分),在肝外组织中

利用。 5.脂肪酸的氧化分解首先要( 1 分)转变成脂酰辅酶A,从胞浆转入线粒 体需要一个名为( 1 分)的小分子协助;而乙酰辅酶 A 须经过 ( 1 分)途径从线粒体转入胞浆合成脂肪酸。

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辽宁:大连市(甘井子区沙河口区西岗区中山区) 沈阳市(大东区东陵区和平区皇姑区沈河区铁西区于洪区) 江苏:常州市(天宁区钟楼区) 南京市(白下区鼓楼区建邺区秦淮区下关区玄武区雨花台区) 苏州市(沧浪区虎丘区金阊区平江区) 无锡市(北塘区滨湖区崇安区南长区) 浙江:杭州市(滨江区拱墅区江干区上城区西湖区下城区) 宁波市(海曙区江东区江北区) 福建:福州市(仓山区鼓楼区晋安区台江区) 厦门市(海沧区湖里区思明区集美区) 山东:济南市(市中区历下区槐荫区天桥区) 青岛市(市南区市北区四方区崂山区李沧区) 湖北:武汉市(汉阳区洪山区江岸区江汉区硚口区青山区武昌区) 湖南:长沙市(芙蓉区开福区天心区雨花区岳麓区) 广东:汕头市(金平区龙湖区) 珠海市(金湾区香洲区) 深圳市宝安区 重庆:江北区九龙坡区南岸区沙坪坝区渝中区 四川:成都市(成华区锦江区金牛区青羊区武侯区) 五等: 北京:通州区 天津:塘沽区 河北:唐山市(路北区路南区) 山西:太原市(万柏林区杏花岭区迎泽区)

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9 大多数蛋白质在正常体液环境下都能解离为阳离子。() 10 细胞外液是动物的所有细胞生活的内环境。() 11 组成蛋白质的基本结构单位是核酸。() 12 使血糖浓度降低的激素是胰岛素。() 13 构成细胞膜的脂质主要是胆固醇。() 14 生命活动最基本的特征是能进行新陈代谢并能传代。() 15 合成DNA和RNA都要先合成RNA引物。() 16 糖原的合成与分解都是在细胞的胞液中进行的。() 四、问答题:(共39分) 1 什么叫酶的特异性(专一性)?分为哪几类?并加以解释(6分) 2 简述影响动脉血压的因素。(7分) 3 为什么小肠是主要吸收场所?(11分) 4 试述葡萄糖酵解的化学过程。(注:须注明每一步是何种反应,不写结构式,可写符号。 15分)

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3.核酸的一级结构: 4.免疫球蛋白: 四、问答题(每题5分,共25分) 1.变性蛋白质有哪些表现? 2.温度对酶反应速度有哪些影响? 3.柠檬酸循环的特点? 4.胆固醇的生物合成途径可分为哪三个阶段?5.肝脏在脂类代谢中的作用有哪些?

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第二章核酸 一、比较mRNA 、tRNA、rRNA的分布,结构特点及功能 mRNA主要分布在是以游离状态的存在于细胞质中,tRNA主要分布在细胞核中,rRNA是核糖体的组成部分。 1.mRNA的结构与功能:mRNA是单链核酸,其在真核生物中的初级产物称为HnRNA。大多数真核成熟的mRNA分子具有典型的5?-端的7-甲基鸟苷三磷酸(m7G)帽子结构和3?-端的多聚腺苷酸(polyA)尾巴结构。mRNA的功能是为蛋白质的合成提供模板,分子中带有遗传密码。原核生物的mRNA一般是多顺反子。真核生物的mRNA一般是单顺反子。 2. tRNA的结构与功能:tRNA是分子最小,但含有稀有碱基最多的RNA。tRNA 的二级结构由于局部双螺旋的形成而表现为“三叶草”形,故称为“三叶草”结构,可分为:①氨基酸臂:3?-端都带有-CCA-顺序,可与氨基酸结合而携带氨基酸。 ②DHU臂/环:含有二氢尿嘧啶核苷。③反密码臂/环:其反密码环中部的三个核苷酸组成三联体,在蛋白质生物合成中,可以用来识别mRNA上相应的密码,故称为反密码(anticoden)。④TψC臂/环:含保守的TψC顺序。⑤可变环。3. rRNA的结构与功能:rRNA是细胞中含量最多的RNA,可与蛋白质一起构成核蛋白体,作为蛋白质生物合成的场所。原核生物中的rRNA有三种:5S,16S,23S。真核生物中的rRNA有四种:5S,5.8S,18S,28S。 二.简述DNA双螺旋结构模型要点 1两条平行的多核苷酸链,以相反的方向(即一条由5…—3?,另一条由3…—5?)围绕同一个(想像的)中心轴,以右手旋转方式构成一个双螺旋。 2疏水的嘌呤和嘧啶碱基平面层叠于螺旋的内侧,亲水的磷酸基和脱氧核糖以磷酸二酯键相连形成的骨架位于螺旋的外侧。 3内侧碱基成平面状,碱基平面与中心轴相垂直,脱氧核糖的平面与碱基平面几乎成直角。每个平面上有两个碱基(每条链各一个)形成碱基对。相邻碱基平面在螺旋轴之间的距离为0.34nm,旋转夹角为36度。每十对核苷酸绕中心旋转一圈,故螺旋的螺距为3.4nm. 4双螺旋的直径为2nm.沿螺旋的中心轴形成的大沟和小沟交替出现。DNA双螺旋之间形成的沟为大沟,两条DNA链之间的沟为小沟。 5两条链被碱基对之间形成的氢键稳定地维系在一起。双螺旋中,碱基总是腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶配对,鸟嘌呤与胞嘧啶配对。 第三章蛋白质

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d 肾脏 4. 作用于细胞内受体的激素是( 类固醇激素)。 (5.0 分) a 蛋白类激素 b 生长因子 c 类固醇激素 d 肾上腺素 5. 下列何者是DNA复制的底物?( dTTP ) (5.0 分) a dTTP b dUTP c ATP d dGDP 6. 基础代谢率是( 基础条件下)的能量代谢率。 (5.0 分) a 最高 b 单位时间内 c 最低 d 基础条件下 7. 下列哪种消化液中没有消化酶?( 胆汁) (5.0 分) a 胃液 b 唾液 c 胆汁 d 胰液 8. DNA损伤后切除修复的说法中错误的是( 切除修复包括有重组修复及SOS修复)。

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