Nine principles
I.Money & Economy
l. 浪费、节约
wasteful ['we?stf?l] adj. 浪费的throw money into thin air浪费钱
squander ['skw?nd?] v.浪费lavish ['l?vi?] v.浪费
save v. 节约、节省economize [?'k?n?,ma?z] vi.节省、减少开支(by doing sth.) thrift [θrift] n. 节约frugal ['fru:g?l] adj. 节省的, 节俭的
money-saving adj.省钱的cost-effective adj. 有成本效益的, 划算的
2. 奢侈、富有
costly [?k?stli]adj. 昂贵的money-wasting adj.浪费钱的
luxury [?l?k??ri]n.奢侈品luxurious [l?ɡ'zju?ri?s] adj.豪华的，奢侈的profitable[?pr?fit?bl]adj赚钱的make profits 赚钱
precious ['pre??s] adj宝贵的、贵重的valuable ['v?lju?bl] adj贵重的、有价值的wealthy ['welθi]adj. 富的the rich-poor gap 贫富差距(widen vt. 扩大shorten vt. 缩小)
3. 贫穷、发展
destitute ['destitju:t] adj赤贫的miserable ['miz?r?bl] adj. 悲惨的, 不幸的economic difficulty 经济困难great depression [di'pre??n] 经济大萧条
crisis ['kraisis] n. 危机economic downturn 经济下滑
under the poverty line 在贫困线下needy ['ni:di] adj贫困的、有需要的boost [bu:st] vt. 增加,促进development [di’vel?pm?nt] n. 发展maintain [mein'tein] vt. 维持stability [st?'biliti] n. 稳定
4. 缺乏，不足
lack/be wanting in v. 缺乏run out of sth. v. 用完某物
shortage [‘??:tid?] n.不足、缺乏resource [ri's?:s] n. 资源
inadequate [?n'?d?kw?t] adj. 不足的inadequacy [?n'?d?kw?t] n. 不足
supply and demand 供求关系be in short supply 供不应求
5. 资金、财产
asset ['?set] n. (个人或公司的)资产 a tight budget ['b?d?it] 资金/预算紧张
invest [in'vest] （in）v.投资(make) investment [in'vestm?nt] n. 投资
allocate ['?l?keit] vt. 分配(allocation n. ) pension ['pen??n] n. 退休金, 养老金financial aid 经济资助public funds 公共资金
economic burden经济负担taxpayer n.纳税人
government revenue [‘rev?nju:] 政府税收hard-earned money 血汗钱
foreign currency [?k?r?nsi]外汇economic strength [stre?θ] 经济实力personal interests 个人利益collective [k?'lektiv] interests 集体利益
6. 消费、开支
consume [k?n’sju:m] vt.消耗，消费consumer goods消费品
consumption [k?n's?mp??n] n.消费expense [iks’pens] n.费用
life necessities [ni'sesitis] n.生活必需品make ends meet v. 勉强度日
facility [f??s?l?ti] n. 设施（多用复数）infrastructure [?infr??str?kt??] n. 基础设施
7. 贫民、下岗工人
beggar ['beg?] n.乞丐eligible[?elid??bl] children 适龄儿童
laid-off worker下岗工人slum [sl?m] n. 贫民窟
homeless ['h??mlis] adj.无家的、无家可归的jobless ['d??blis] adj失业的
lead/live/have a miserable ['miz?r?bl] life 过着悲惨的生活
8.困境、福利、社会保障
charity [?t??riti]n. 慈善shelter ['?elt?] n.栖身之所
nursing house ['n?:si?] 敬老院healthcare [helθk??] n. 医疗保健
reduce [ri’dju:s] vt. 减少remove [ri’mu:v] vt. 消除
improve vt. 改善social security system社会保障
fund/sponsor vt. 资助subsidize ['s?bsidaiz] v. 资助(subsidy ['s?bsidi] n.) plight [plait] n. 困境; 悲惨遭遇famine ['f?min] n. 饥荒
hunger ['h??g?] n. 饥饿starvation [stɑ:'vei??n] n. 饥饿
illiteracy [i'lit?r?si] n.文盲welfare ['welf??] n. 福利、安宁employment rate 就业率unemployment [??nim?pl?im?nt] rate 失业率
II.Time & Efficiency
1. 时间运用
squeeze [skwi:z] time v.挤时间tight schedule [?sk?d?ul, -u?l, ] n.排得紧紧的时间表kill time v.浪费/消磨时间time-consuming adj. 消耗时间的
occupy/take up v. 占用relaxation [?ril?k?se??n] n. 消遣, 放松entertainment [,ent?'teinm?nt] n.娱乐recreation [,rekri'ei?n] n. 娱乐; 消遣
2. 吸引、诱人
tempt [tempt] v. 引诱、怂恿tempting adj. 诱惑人的
resist [ri’zist] the temptation [t?mp?te??n]v. 抵挡住诱惑
attract one’s attention to sth./ focus one’s attention on sth. 把注意力集中在某事上
distract [dis'tr?kt] one’s attention from sth 把注意力从某事转移开
distracting [dis'tr?kti?] adj. 分心的distraction [d?'str?k??n] n. 令人分心的事物
3. 上瘾、沉迷
addictive [?'diktiv] adj. 上瘾的addiction [??d?k??n]n. 上瘾
be addicted to上瘾addict [‘?dikt]n. 上瘾者
be obsessed with v.沉迷于（obsession n.）fall victim to v. 成为…的牺牲品
4. 自控、节制
self-control n.自控self-discipline [?self ?d?s?pl?n] n.自律
self-love n. 自爱self-respect n.自尊self-image n.自我形象restrain [ri’strein] sb. from sth./doing sth. 制止某人做某事innocent ['in?snt] adj.天真的immature [im?'tju?] adj. 不成熟的curious [‘kju?ri?s] adj. 好奇的inexperienced [??n?k?sp?r??nst] adj.没有经验的naive [nɑ:’i:v] adj. 单纯的disobedient [?d?s??bi:d??nt] adj.不服从的, 反抗的(obedient adj.)
5. 效率、表现
beneficial [?beni?fi??l] adj. 有益的, 有利的rewarding [ri'w?:di?] adj. 有益的、值得的improve [im’pr u:v] v. 提高、改善enhance [in’h?ns] vt. 提高, 增加performance [p??f?:m?ns]n.表现、绩效productivity [pr?d?k'tiviti] n. 生产率、生产力the fast pace of life 快速的生活节奏 a leisureful ['le??ful] life 悠闲的生活
lower ['l?u?] vt.降低, 削减affect/influence/impact vt. 影响
efficiency [i'fi??nsi] n. 效率effectiveness [??f?kt?vn?s] n.效果、有效性(time/labour) costs 时间/人力成本(economic/social) benefits ['benifitz] (经济/社会)效益
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba9869507.html,cation & talent
1. 智力、聪明
mental growth 智力发展ability of expression表达能力
intelligence [in'telid??ns] n. 智力、聪明wisdom ['wizd?m] n. 智慧
talent n.人才talented ['t?l?ntid] adj. 有才能的
genius ['d?i:nj?s] n. 天才、天赋insight (into sth.) ['insait] n. 洞察力、见识
2. 笨拙、平庸、迟钝
common/ordinary adj.平凡的dependent adj. 依赖的
clumsy ['kl?mzi] adj.笨拙的narrow-minded adj思想狭隘的
illogical [i'l?d?ik?l] adj. 缺乏逻辑的impractical [im'pr?ktik?l] adj. 不现实的
3.培养、发挥、开发、体验
bring sth. into full play/ put sth. into great play 充分发挥
experience [ik'spi?ri?ns] v. 体验appreciate [?'pri:?ieit] v.欣赏、体会
cultivate ['k?ltiveit v培养foster ['f?st?] vt. 培养
promote [pr?'m?ut] v. 促进enhance [in'h?ns] vt. 提高, 增加
assess [?'ses] v.评价(assessment n.) evaluate [i'v?ljueit] v. 评价、评估(evaluation n.) enrich [in'rit?] vt.使丰富explore [iks'pl?:] v开发
widen ['waidn] vt. 拓宽（widen one’s horizon）broaden vt. 拓宽（broaden one’s vision）accumulate [?'kju:mjuleit] vt. 积累(accumulation n.)
4. 创新、个性、想象
imagination [i,m?d?i'nei??n] n.想象力originality [?rid?i'n?liti] n. 创意(original adj.) creativity [kri:ei'tiv?ti] n. 创造力creation n. 创造物creative adj. 有创意的individuality [indi.vidju'?liti] n. 个性literacy ['lit?r?si] n. 有文化、有教养innovate ['in?uveit] v.创新(innovation n. innovative adj.) interaction [,?nt?r'?k??n] n.互动
5. 素质、观点、能力
advocate quality education 提倡素质教育promote all-round development 促进全面发展exam-oriented education 应试教育receive knowledge passively 被动接受知识perspective [p?'spektiv] /viewpoint / standpoint n. 观点、看法
excel (at) [ik'sel] v. 在……方面擅长master ['mɑ:st?] v. 掌握(mastery n.)
digest [dai'd?est] vt. 消化absorb [?b's?:b] v. 吸收acquire [?'kwai?] v. 获得theoretical knowledge 理论知识foster thinking pattern 培养思维模式
practical/social skills 实际/社交技能cultivate survival ability培养生存能力interpersonal [,?nt?’p?:s?nl] relations 人际关系problem-solving skills 解决问题的技能re-education (throught labor) n. 再教育(劳动改造) lifetime/lifelong learning 终身学习
tell right from wrong 分辨是非go astray 误入歧途
adapt (to) v.适应(adaption n.) adaptable [?'d?pt?b?l] adj. 可适应的(adaptability n.适应性) adjust [?'d??st] vt.调整self-adjustment 自我调节perseverance [,p?..s?'v?r?ns] n. 坚持不懈; 毅力tolerance ['t?l?r?ns]] n.宽容, 容忍
IV.Emotion & psychology
1.正面情感
loyal ['l?i?l] adj忠诚的reliable [ri'lai?bl] adj. 可靠的sincere [sin'si?] adj.真诚的optimistic [,?pti'mistik] adj. 乐观的(optimism n.) positive ['p?zitiv] adj. 正面的extroverted ['ekstr?v?:tid] adj. 外向的out-going adj. 外向的
cheerful ['t?i?ful] adj愉快的、高兴的refreshing [ri'fre?i?] adj. 令人精神爽快的generate positive feelings 产生正面情感enhance friendship/relationship 促进友谊/关系ignite (/lose) enthusiasm [in'θju:zi?z?m] 点燃（/失去）热情passion ['p???n] n. 激情improve neighbourhood relations 改善邻里关系expand social circles扩大社交圈
2. 负面情感
suffer from 遭受、忍受bear/stand vt. 忍受
indifferent [in'dif?r?nt] adj. 冷漠的(indifference n.) cold-hearted [k?uld'hɑ:tid] adj.无情的pessimistic [pesi'mistik] adj. 悲观的(pessimism n.) negative ['neɡ?tiv] adj. 消极的、负面的diffident ['difid?nt] adj. 缺乏自信的world-weary adj. 厌世的
rebellious [ri'belj?s] adj. 叛逆的introverted ['intr?v?:tid] adj. 内向的frustrated [fr?'streitid] adj.受挫的(frustration n.) depressed [di'prest] adj.消沉的(depression n. ) self-centered adj. 以自我为中心的unsociable [?n's?u??bl] adj. 不爱交际的aggressive [?'gresiv] adj. 好争斗的cruel ['kru:?l] adj. 残酷的
hatred ['heitrid] n. 憎恨、仇恨dispute [dis'pju:t] v. 争论n. 争吵hostility [h?s'tiliti] n. 敌意、恶意conflict ['k?nflikt] n冲突
interference [,?nt?'fi?r?ns] n.干涉prejudice ['pred?udis] n. 偏见(prejudiced adj.)
3. 正面/负面行为
encourage [in'k?rid?] (sb. to do sth.)vt. 鼓励advocate ['?dv?keit] (doing sth.) vt. 提倡
do sth. out of good/evil intentions v.出于善意/恶意地去做
express goodwill 表达善意reduce misbehaviour 减少不当行为enhance mutual understanding 促进相互了解remove misunderstanding 消除误解
communication [k?,mju:ni'kei??n] n. 交流exchange [iks't?eind?] n. 交换
4. 心理/情感状态
psychology [sai'k?l?d?i] n.心理状态psychologist [sa?'k?l?d??st] n. 心理学家overcome [,?uv?'k?m] vt. & vi.克服mental obstacle ['?bst?kl] 心理障碍
mental health 心理健康mental pressure 精神压力
psychological quality 心理素质emotional state 情感状态
6. 各种心理
hatred of the rich 仇富心理group psychology 从众心理
breed money-oriented mentality [men?t?l?ti] 培养了拜金主义
materialism [m?'ti?ri:?,liz?m] n.物质主义hero worship 英雄崇拜主义
(computer/Internet) dependence [di'pend?ns] n. (电脑/网络)依赖症= addiction 上瘾
vanity ['v?niti] n. 虚荣心 a sense of loss/frustration 失落/挫折感
a sense of security [si'kju?riti] 安全感 a sense of accomplishment [?'k?mpl??m?nt] 成就感depression [di'pre??n] n. 抑郁症anxiety [?n'zai?ti] n.焦虑症
V. Environment & atmosphere
1. 垃圾、废物
garbage ['gɑ:bid?] n. 垃圾、废物rubbish ['r?bi?]n垃圾、废物
junk [d???k]n. 垃圾trash [tr??] n. 废物
waste gas废气landfill ['l?ndfil] n. 垃圾掩埋堆
tail gas n.尾气emission n. 排放物
2. 污染、污染源
impairing adj. 有害的hazardous ['h?z?d?s] adj危险的contaminate [k?n't?mineit] v. 污染pollute [p?'lu:t] vt. 污染(pollution n.)
soil pollution土壤污染light pollution光污染white pollution 白色污染disposable [d?'sp??z?b?l] product 一次性产品one-off chopstick 一次性筷子emit [i'mit ] v. 排放(emission n.) give off v. 排放
fossil ['f?sl] fuel 化石燃料（crude oil原油, petroleum [pi'tr?uli?m]汽油）bio-fuel n.生物燃料develop vt. 开发（development n.）explore [iks'pl?:] vt. 开发(exploration n.) alternative [?:l't?:n?tiv] energy 替代能源clean energy 清洁能源
solar/tidal/wind energy 太阳/潮汐/风能green energy 绿色能源
renewable [r?' nu:?b?l] energy 可再生能源unrenewable [,?nri'nju:?bl] adj. 不可再生的
3. 生态、环保
biodegradable ['bai?udi'greid?bl] adj.生物能分解的(non-biodegradable adj.)
cityscape ['sitiskeip] n都市风景landscape ['l?ndskeip] n.风景
conserve [k?n's?:v] v. 保护preserve [pri'z?:v] vt.保护、保存
biosphere ['bai?sfi?] n生物圈biological diversity .[ dai 'v?:siti:] 生物多样性ecological balance生态平衡ecological system生态系统
circumstance ['s?:k?mst?ns] n. 环境surroundings [s?'ra?ndi?z] n. 环境
endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种prohibit [pr?'hibit] vt. 禁止、阻止
rare animals 稀有动物wildlife ['waild,laif] n. 野生动植物environmentalist [in.vai?r?n'mentlist] n. 环保主义者environment-conscious adj.有环保意识的eco-friendly (bag) adj. 环保的environmentally friendly环保的
recyclable ['ri:'saikl] adj.可循环的non-recyclable adj.不可循环的
exist [ig'zist] vi. 存在、生存(existence n.) coexist [,k?uiks'tensiv] vi. 共存
survival [s?'vaiv?l] n. 生存subsistence [s?b'sist?ns] n. 生存
food chain食物链globalization [gl??b?lai'zei??n] n. 全球一体化habitat ['h?bit?t] n. 栖息地habitant ['h?bit?nt] n. 居住者
optimize the environment v.优化环境vegetation [,ved?i'tei??n] n. 植被
4. 生态灾难、恶果
(sth.) be exhausted被耗尽(sb.) run out of (sth.) （某人）耗尽（某物）disaster n. 灾祸catastrophe [k?'t?str?fi] n. 大灾难
climate change 气候变化energy shortage能源短缺
global warming n. 全球变暖the ozone ['?uz?un] layer n. 臭氧层
the greenhouse effect n.温室效应greenhouse gas 温室气体
desertification [dez?:tifi'kei??n] n. 沙漠化soil erosion [i'r?u??n] 水土流失
die out v. 灭绝be extinct [iks'ti?kt]v. 灭绝(extinction n.) deteriorate [di'ti?ri?reit] vi.vt. (使)恶化(deterioration n. environmental deterioration环境恶化) worsen .['w?:s?n] vi. vt. 恶化、使加剧(worsening n. environmental worsening环境恶化) virtuous ['v?:t?u:?s] circle良性循环vicious ['vi??s] circle恶性循环harmonious [hɑ:'m?uni:?s] society 和谐社会harmony ['hɑ:m?ni]n. 和谐sustainable [s?'stein?bl] development 可持续发展unsustainable adj. 不可持续的
5. 氛围
atmosphere [??tm?sf??(r)] n. 氛围
comfortable / cozy [?k?uzi] adj. 舒适的，安逸的intimate [??nt?m?t] adj.亲密的、温馨的favourable [?fe?v?r?bl] adj. 有利的unfavourable adj. 不利的
relaxed adj. 放松的tense adj. 紧张的
cordial [?k?:dj?l] /friendly adj.友好的incordial/unfriendly adj.敌意的
VI.Health & Cure
1. 疾病
get vt. 患上suffer from v. 患(某种病)
be infected with v. 感染上develop vt. 患(病)，长出（例如肿瘤）
lead to/result in/cause vt. 导致epidemics [,epi'demik] n. 流行病
incurable [?n?kj?r?b?l] disease 绝症infectious [?n?f?k??s] disease 传染病
allergy ['?l?d?i] n. 过敏tumor ['tju:m?] n. 肿瘤
obesity [?u'bisiti] n. 肥胖症(obese adj.肥胖的) mental disorder 精神紊乱heart disease 心脏病diabetes [dai?'bi:ti:z] n糖尿病
high blood pressure 高血压respiratory [?r?sp?r??t?ri] disease n.呼吸道疾病
2. 各种症状
symptom ['simpt?m] n. 症状the sub-health condition 亚健康状态
myopia [mai'??pi?] n. 近视sore throat 喉咙发炎
overweight ['?uv?weit] n. 超重couch potato 肥胖的人
weariness ['wirinis] n疲倦、厌烦tiredness ['tai?dnis] n疲劳、疲倦
headache ['hedeik] n. 头痛indigestion [indi'd?est??n] n. 消化不良insomnia [in's?mni?] n. 失眠症lung cancer 肺癌
3. 有害的、致病的不良习惯
impair [im'p??] v.削弱、危害endanger [en'de?nd??] v.危害
threaten ['θret?n] v. 威胁negative influence 负面影响
harmful / impairing/ hazardous / damaging adj. 有害的cancer-causing adj.致癌的
toxic [‘t?ksik] adj. 有毒的convenience [k?n'vi:nj?ns] food方便食品
fat [f?t] n. 脂肪calorie ['k?l?ri] n. 卡路里
junk food垃圾食品lead a sedentary ['sedn,teri:] lifestyle v. 过着久坐的生活方式take in vt. 摄入intake ['inteik] n. 摄入
excessive [ik'sesiv] adj. 过量的oily food 油腻食物
pressure ['pre??] n. 压(力) stress [stres] n. 压力, 紧张
4. 细菌、毒物
bacteria [b?k'ti?ri?] n. 细菌virus ['vai?r?s] n. 病毒
parasite ['p?r?sait] n. 寄生虫toxic ['t?ksik] gas 有毒气体
exhaust [ig'z?:st] n排气、尾气radiation [reidi'ei??n] n. 辐射
chemical ['kemik?l] n. 化学物bird flu 禽流感swine [swa?n] flu 猪流感nicotine ['nik?ti:n] n. 尼古丁tar [tɑ:] n. 焦油tobacco [t?'b?k?u] n. 烟草spread [spred] v. 传播、散播transmit [tr?nz'mit] v. 传播
contain [k?n'tein] vt. 包含; 容纳carry vt. 携带
emit [i'mit] v. 释放、排放emission [??m???n] n. 排放/排放物(+reduction 减排) give off v. 发出、放出release [ri'li:s] v. 释放、放出
5. 健康、良好的生活方式
have a vegetarian diet 吃素食vegetarian [ved?i't??ri?n] n. 素食者
the immune [i'mju:n] system n. 免疫系统aerobic [??rob?k] exercise有氧运动
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食lose weight v.减肥
lifespan ['laif,sp?n] n. 寿命longevity [l?n' d??v?ti] n. 长寿
healthy [‘helθi] adj. 健康的wholesome ['h?uls?m] adj. 健康的
create a sound environment 营造一个健康的环境
personal hygiene ['haid?i:n] n. 个人卫生environmental sanitation [,s?ni'tei??n] n.环境卫生
6. 治疗、营养
cure [kju?] v.治好n. 治疗、治愈prevention [pri'ven??n] n. 预防、防止medical ['medik?l] care 医疗medical treatment ['tri:tm?nt] 医疗
remove [ri'mu:v] v. 根除、消灭eliminate [i'limineit] v. 消除, 排除
nutrition [nju:'tri??n] n. 营养nutritious [nju:'tri??s] adj. 有营养的
malnutrition ['m?lnju(:)'tri??n] n.营养不良body checkup n. 身体检查
organ [‘?:ɡ?n] transplant [tr?ns'plɑ:nt] 器官移植drug [dr?ɡ] n. 药物, 毒品
VII Modernity & tradition
1. 语言、文化、传统
mainstream ['me?n,stri:m]n. 主流mainstream society 主流社会
spiritual ['spiritu?l] life 精神生活material life 物质生活
aboriginal [,?b?'r?d??n?l] adj. 土著的endangered adj. 濒危的
indigenous [in'did?in?s] adj. 本土的native adj. 本国的，本土的
globalization 全球化global village 地球村
cultural assimilation [?'sim?:lei??n] 文化同化cultural invasion [in'vei??n] 文化入侵language diversity [ dai 'v ?:siti:] 语言多元化cultural diversity 文化多元化
cultural background文化背景cultural habit文化习惯cultural loss 文化损失minority [mai'n?riti] n.少数民族minority language少数民族语言
cultural heritage ['heritid?] 文化遗产cultural institution [,?nsti'tju:??n] 文化机构
2. 祖先、考古、遗留
ancestor ['?ns?st?] n. 祖先the next generation 下一代descendent [d??send?nt] n.后人remains [ri'meins] n. 遗迹treasure ['tre??]n.珍宝heritage ['heritid?] 遗产archeologist [,ɑ:ki:'?l?d?i:] n. 考古学家historian [his't?:ri?n] n. 历史学家pass down to 传承给ancient ['en??nt] adj. 古老的(ancient times古时候)
3. 吸收、抛弃、破坏
absorb [?b's?:b] v. 吸收absorb the essence v. 吸取精华
abandon v. 抛弃cherish ['t?eri?] v. 珍视
hinder ['hind?] n. 妨碍(hindrance n.) dominate ['d?mineit] vt. 统治(domination n.) civilization [,sivilai' zei??n] n. 文明, 文化outside influence 外来影响
4. 濒危、过时、不适应时代发展
endangered [?n?de?nd??d] adj. 快要绝种的extinct [?k?st??kt] adj. 灭绝的
out-dated adj. 过时的old-fashioned adj.过时的
be on the way to extinction 走向灭绝的边缘die out v. 灭绝
vanish ['v?ni?]vi. 消失、突然不见disappear v. 消失(disappearance n.) transform [tr?ns'f?:m] vt.改变(transformation n.) keep up with the world 与时俱进
adapt (oneself) to v. (调整自己以)适应(social/technological) advancement (社会/科技)进步adjust (oneself) to v. (调整自己)适应modernization n. 现代化
5. 璀璨的、无价的
brilliant ['brilj?nt] adj. 璀璨的invaluable [in'v?lju?bl] adj.无价的celebrated ['selibreitid] adj. 著名的renowned [r?'na?nd] adj. 知名的
popularity [,p?pj?'l?r?ti:] n. 流行; 受欢迎immortal [i'm?:tl] adj. 不朽的
prevail vi. 流行（＝become popular）prevailing [pri'veili?] adj.流行的
6. 保护、发扬、继承
carry forward v. 发扬光大inherit [in'herit] v. 继承
preserve [pri:z?:v] v. 保护(preservation n.) conserve [k?n's?:v] v. 保护(conservation n.) transmit [tr?nz'mit] v. 传播spread [spred] v. 传播
cultivate ['k?ltiveit] v. 培养(cultivation n.) enhance [?n?hɑ:ns] vt.改善、提高
7. 归属感、凝聚力
cohesion [k?u'hi:??n] n. 凝聚力national identity [ai'dentiti] 民族特性
a sense of belonging归属感 a sense of national pride民族自豪感
cradle ['kreidl] of culture文化摇篮national unity民族团结
place of interest 名胜古迹historic/cultural relics历史文物
IX Crime & morality
1.明辨是非、指引
distinguish [dis'ti?ɡwi?] between right and wrong辨别是非tell right from wrong辨明是非monitoring ['m?nit?ri?] n. 监控(monitor vt.) supervision [‘sju:p?,vi??n] n.监管(supervise vt.) prevention [pri'ven??n] n.预防、防止guidance ['ɡaid?ns] n.指引，指引
proper guidance 恰当的指引moral guidance 道德指引
parental [p?'rentl] guidance 家长指引parental care 父母关心
justice ['d??stis] n.正义; 公正value n. 价值观
community [k?'mju:niti] service 社区服务social norms 社会行为准则
carry out 实施(implementation n.) follow vt. 遵守（法律）
2.沉迷、上瘾、吸引人的、盲从、模仿
tempting ['tempti?]adj. 诱惑人的
be prone [pr?un] to sth. v. 易受……的侵蚀be vulnerable ['v?ln?r?bl] to v. 易受…影响imitate ['imiteit] v. 模仿（＝copy）social ills 社会丑恶
ignorance ['ign?r?ns] n. 无知innocence ['in?sns] n. 天真、清白
role model n. 行为榜样negative role model n.负面的榜样
curiosity [kju?ri'?siti] n. 好奇obsession [?b'se??n] n.. 迷住、困扰inexperience [iniks'pi?ri?ns] n. 无经验follow like sheep v.盲从
go astray v.误入歧途fall victim to sth. v. 成为……的牺牲品
peer [pi?] pressure n.来自同伴的压力misleading [mis'li:di?]adj. 引入歧途的
3.报复、犯罪、暴力、毒品、色情
take revenge [ri'vend?] on v.对……报仇commit [k?'mit] vt.犯罪; 犯错
curb [k?:b] vt. 遏制crack down on vt.打击、镇压
risky behavior n. 危险的行为aggressive behavior n.进攻性行为
drug abuse n.滥用毒品armed robbery持械抢劫
domestic violence n.家庭暴力child abuse n.虐待儿童
campus violence n.校园暴力youth crime n. 青少年犯罪
thievery ['θi:v?ri] n偷窃smuggling ['sm?ɡl??]n. 走私(human smuggling 人口贩卖)
evil ['i:v?l] n. 邪恶、罪恶gun control 枪支管制
prostitution [,pr?sti'tju: ??n] n. 卖淫physical punishment 体罚
pornographic [p?:n?'gr?fik] adj. 色情的(pornography n.) sexual harassment性骚扰
4. 好斗的、反社会的、有罪的
aggressive [?'ɡresiv] adj. 好斗的anti-social [?nti's?u??l] behaviour 反社会行为guilty ['ɡilti] adj. 有罪的innocent ['in?snt] adj. 无罪的
be charged with 被指控犯……罪be convicted of 被判犯有…罪
offender [?'fend?] n. 罪犯、冒犯者terrorist ['ter?rist] n.恐怖分子(terrorism n.) first-time criminal ['krimin?l] n. 初犯repeat criminal n. 累犯
spoiled [sp?ilt] adj. 被宠坏的indecent [in'di:s?nt] material n. 不正当/猥亵材料sentence n.v. 判决(life sentence 终身监禁, be sentenced to death 被判死刑)
jail terms 刑期inmate ['inmeit] n.囚犯
lead an indolent ['?nd?l?nt] life 过着好逸恶劳的生活
moral decline 道德败坏untrustworthy [?n'tr?stw?:θi] adj. 不能信赖的
5.信心、同情心、情感
strengthen family ties密切家庭感情enhance emotional exchanges 加强感情交流
build mutual trust 建立相互信任show sympathy [‘simp?θi] to对…..表示同情
IX.Power & rights
1. 禁止、限制、剥夺
forbid [f?'bid] (sb. to do sth.) vt. 禁止prohibit [pr?'hibit] (sb. from doing sth.) vt.禁止deprive [di'praiv] (sb. of sth. ) vt剥夺（deprivation n.）
abolish [?'b?li?]vt. 废止、废除do away with废除
restrict [ris'trikt] vt限制、约束limit ['limit] vt.限制、约束
2. 侵犯、干涉
interference [int?'fi?r?ns] n.干涉(interfere vt.) intervene [int?'vi:n] v. 干涉(intervention n.) invade [in'veid] v. 侵犯(invasion n.) infringe [in'frind?] （on）v.侵犯(infringement n.) violate ['vai?leit] vt. 违反(violation n.) defy [di'fai] vt. 反抗(defiance n.) oppression [?'pre??n] n. 压迫resistance [ri'zist?ns] n. 反抗
accuse [?'kju:z] (sb. of sth.) v. 指责bring an accusation of sth. against sb. v. 起诉某人某事
3. 权利、平等、公正、自由
legal ['li:g?l] adj. 法律的、法定的illegal [i'li:g?l] adj.不合法的
enjoy vt. 享受share vt. 分享
fight for/against… v.为…而战/为反对…而战strive [straiv] for v. 争取
copyright ['k?pirait] n. 版权intellectual property right n.知识产权
a righteous ['rait??s] course 正义事业common/public interests 公众利益
humane [hju:'mein] adj. 人道的(inhumane) humanistic [hju:m?'nistik] adj. 人道主义的humanitarianism [hju:,m?ni'te?ri:?nism] n.人道主义
advocate ['?dv?keit] n. 提倡者opponent [?'p?un?nt] n. 反对者
human rights人权civil rights民权animal rights 动物权益
equality [i(:)'kw?liti] (between…and…) n. (…与…的)平等
dignity ['digniti] n.尊严freedom ['fri:d?m] n.自由privacy ['praiv?si] n.隐私fair play 公平竞争monopoly [m?'n?p?li] n. 垄断
liberation [lib?'rei??n] n. 解放liberty ['lib?ti] n.自由
freedom of speech言论自由privilege ['privilid?] n. 特权
censorship ['sens??ip] n.审查制度right of survival 生存权
punishment ['p?n??m?nt] n. 处罚penalty ['penlti] n. 刑罚
4. 歧视、偏见
discriminate [dis.krimi'neit] (against) v. 歧视distort [dis't?: t] vt. 歪曲(distortion n.) sexual/gender discrimination 性别歧视racial/age discrimination 种族/年龄歧视humiliate [hju:'milieit] v. 羞辱( humiliating adj. humiliation n.) look down upon v. 看不起unbiased [?n'bai?s] adj.无偏见的biased adj. 有偏见的
political pressure政治的压力economic factor 经济因素
5. 制定、实施、建立
constitute ['k?nstitju:t] vt. 制定(法律) set down v.制定
implement ['implim?nt] v.执行（implementation n.）carry out vt.执行、实施
establish [is't?bli?] vt. 建立（establishment n.）law n. 法律
regulation [regju'lei??n] n. 法规social security 社会保障
policy ['p?l?si] n.政策system ['sist?m] n. 制度, 体系compulsory [k?m'p?ls?ri] adj. 义务的、强制的duty/obligation [,?bli'ɡei??n] n. 义务
----------The End -------
托福口语喜好类话题必备词汇及常见题目 在托福考试中，有这样一类很口语话题会经常出现。而且，在日常的聊天中也会经常用到。它们就是——喜好类话题 ! Which of the following types of book you do not enjoy, science fiction, biography, or romantic book? Explain why you do not enjoy it. 话题简介： 小伙伴们开心地在家度过了寒假，也和家人一起过了春节和元宵节。那么，接下来，等待我的便是学校了。有些童鞋想快点儿回到学校和自己的小伙伴们玩耍，聊天。 有些童鞋觉得假期还没有享受够，还想和家人在一起，不想回学校。但是，有些事是我们不想做又必须做的。所以，我们还是应该积极面对这些事情。那么，开学在即，你准备好了吗 ? 必备词汇： register登记、报到 compulsory course 必修课 optional course 选修课 credit 学分 scholarship奖学金 school uniform校服 military training 军训 curriculum schedule 课程表 department 系
major 专业 be interested in对有兴趣 be keen on热衷于 take a pleasure in 以... 乐; 喜爱 have a fancy for 看上，入迷 take enjoyment in喜爱，享受;从获得乐趣 have a mark on喜爱，爱好 repugnant讨厌的 disagreeable 不愉快的 ; 厌恶的 disgusting令人厌恶的 detest 厌恶; 憎恨 Want/ Enjoy/ Like/ Dislike 1.Describe time when you are asked to do something you do not want to do, and what happened as a result. 2.Talk about a thing you always wanted to do but didn ’t have time to yet. Explain why you want to do it, give examples and details in your explanation. 3.Describe a job you have done in the past or a job pecific you’d like to do in the future. Please include s details in your answer. 4.If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study what would youchoose? Explain your choice using specific reasons and details.
abandon vt.丢弃；放一个变态的弃，抛弃记忆方法：?（一个）（笨蛋）笨蛋当然会被女朋友丢弃 abide vt.遵守vt.忍受记忆方法：a、d、c、d、e--只要把c变成I就成本单词但是要i遵守c，i是不会忍受的 absurd a.不合理的，荒唐的记忆方法：【谐音】爱不死的--热恋中的人得出荒谬的结论 abnormal a.不正常的；变态的记忆方法：ab (不) normal(正常的)一个不正常的--不正常的， abundant a.丰富的；大量的记忆方法：a + bund + ant bund 谐音"磅"一磅的蚂蚁--大量的、丰富的 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱记忆方法：?一、a 爱 b 不use 使用爱不能滥用；爱是不能被虐待二、ab--above超过过量的用--滥用、虐待academy n.研究院；学会记忆方法：academy是地名，雅典市郊一花园名，因为哲学家柏拉图在那里讲学并创办了一所著名学院取名为academy后被泛指学校，研究院等 academic a.学院的；学术的记忆方法：ic：形容词后缀，可想象成I see ass n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人记忆方法：as--象......一样s--死人ass--笨得象死人--驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 assassinate vt.暗杀，行刺；中伤记忆方法：ass + ass + in + ate 两头毛驴，在里面把人咬死（暗杀） access n.接近；入口记忆方法：access 有头驴接近入口 accommodate n.供应；给提供住宿记忆方法：a cco mmo date把cco mmo 看成一对情侣，date：约会一对情侣约会，给他们提供住宿真是太好了accommodation n.招待设备；预定铺位记忆方法：accommodate的名词形式accompany vt.陪伴、伴随；为......伴奏记忆方法：company：公司accompany 一个公司伴随着你 accord vi.一致的；符合的记忆方法：观察--a、b、c、or d 把上面的b换成c 就与accord一致的、符合的了 accordance n.一致，和谐；符合记忆方法：accord + dance accord 跳个舞就变成了名词 account n.叙述；解释；帐目记忆方法：1、a(c) 表示一个人count: 数一个人数帐目2、尔康的解释和叙述，紫薇都不满意 accuracy n.准确(性)；准确度记忆方法：爱扣若细--不放过细小的东西--准确性accurate a.准确的，正确无误的记忆方法：ate为形容词后缀，表示"具有......
托福口语高分词汇总结 为了帮助大家积累更多词汇，在托福口语中有话可说，下面小编给大家分享一些托福口语高分词汇，希望你们喜欢。 托福口语高分词汇金钱篇 Money precious/valuable 珍贵的 worthless 毫无价值的 thrifty/frugal 节俭的 economical 经济实惠的 make ends meet 收支平衡 stylish 时髦的，现代风格的 upscale 高端的 costly 昂贵的 exquisite 精致的 exorbitant price 极度高昂的价格 wealthy/affluent 富有的 impoverished/needy 贫穷的 temptation 引诱;诱惑物 outfit 全套装备 property 财富 jealousy 嫉妒 tempting 有吸引力的 generosity 慷慨，大方 charity 慈善 philanthropy 慈善 despise 轻视，蔑视 托福口语高分词汇娱乐休闲篇 Leisure excursion 远足，短途旅行
sightseeing 观光 conducted/guided tour 跟团旅行 package tour 背包行 exotic 异域风情的 backpacker 背包客 souvenir 纪念品 explore 探索，发现 relics 遗迹，纪念物 expand one's outlook/vision 扩大视野 diversion/pastime 消遣，娱乐活动 recreation 娱乐 release stress 释放压力 get away from the daily grind 从每天的琐事当中逃离lift one's spirits 提振精神 memorable 显著的，难忘的，值得纪念的 cosmetics 化妆品，装饰品 calm the nerves and restore the soul 镇定神经 exhibition 展览 workout 锻炼 blood circulation 血液循环 flexibility 灵活性 gorgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，极好的 hideous 可怕的，丑恶的 appealing/attractive 富有吸引力的 indulge in 沉浸在……中 aesthetic 美学的 托福口语高分词汇媒体篇 Media curiosity 好奇心 dependable/trustworthy 值得信赖的
托福口语：高频同类词汇完全整理 1.解决： Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3.给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster 5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
托福词汇记忆的六大绝招 托福词汇记忆的六大绝招 掌握托福单词是成功学习TOEFL的基础，没有了单词这个基础，接下来的会话、文法、阅读、写作都将无法顺利进行，因此在托福的复习中，“如何背单词”是绝不可忽略的首要之务。 第一法：基本功 准备一本字汇书(或一本笔记)，这本书(或笔记)的结构应该是：英文在最左边的位置，中文在最右边;中间则要空下来写“提示”，提示这个字“怎么背”。背单字的方法依每个字汇的不同，可能是依据字根、谐音、形状、例句等…完成工具的准备后，就可以开始背单字的工程。 imp小魔鬼 Vfelonfelon felon念起来像“坏人”所以是重罪犯。重罪犯 首先看到第一个字imp，在脑中我们可先自行加以判断：这个字“背”或“不背”，如果“不背”就跳过去，也不用做任何记号。再看到第二个字“重罪犯”：如果觉得很好背就背，不想背就跳过去，这一点很重要。 背单字三秘诀：好背的才背、想背的才背、有时间才背。“重罪犯”怎么背felon的谐音听起来是不是很像“坏人” 掌握了背这个字的诀窍后，这个字就被归于“好背”的部份;背起来了，就在旁边打个勾勾、做个记号。 一本托福词汇书(笔记)，就用这种轻松的心情简简单单背过去，想背的做记号、不想背的略过;用这种方法，你一定可以看完这本书，而不会像被施了咀咒似的，买来的字汇书、自己整理的笔记都永远停留在前几页，连翻到后面的机会都没有。 绝招二：废物时间法 大部分的人，在一天当中有许多时间是被当作废物来处理的;例如学生不专心上课、上班族摸鱼聊天、通勤族坐在车上发呆…等，这些被浪费掉的零碎时间若能善加利用，背单字的'成效会很惊人，尤其是等车时间，更是最值得被利用的“废物时间”。该如何利用这些时间你需要两个诀窍来配合学习： 1.卡片：一张卡片上只写一个单字，而且字体要“斗大”。卡片越大越好，正面写英文单字，反面写中文意思，以不能直接瞄到答案为原则。 2.少量多餐：时间少、单字少、多复习。背单字最忌“常立志，发宏愿”，愿太大不仅自己没办法负荷，还会打击信心;反而是应该“立志长”，维持背单字的信念，持续不断地背下去。 绝招三：四面楚歌法 面对“有若无，实若虚”，明明背过好几次却完全想不起来的托福词汇，你会需要用到“四面楚歌”之法。在每个看得到的地方都放一个背不起来的难字，字体要大。单字务必配合情境场合。例如厕所就不适合放Yummy(美味)这个单字。 让单字出现在绝对有时间、绝对看得到的地方。例如：学生对于不喜欢上的课，可以在教室黑板两侧各列五个单字;经常使用计算机的上班族，可以下载自动换桌布的程序，把单字设成桌面，一次一个单字，绝对不怕你看不到! 第二法：细部功夫 绝招四：Concentration(专注力) 托福词汇记忆靠的不是记忆力，而是专注力，专注力不够，记忆力就不会强。因此背单字的首要之务是练习专注力，可利用“静坐”、“数息法”等帮助心静下来，心静方能摄物。当你的心静下来后，就可以开始修练这个方法-“观字法门”。
新托福历届考试出现高频词汇（不断更新版） 第三题和第五题： Vehicle 交通工具requirement 要求academic学术的 get acquainted with 认识proposal 文稿justify 证明 off-campus 校外的apartment公寓renovate 修葺 budget 预算credit 信誉，学分gallery 画展 exhibiting 展示ridiculous 荒谬的applied 应用的 arts 艺术rundown 破败reputation名誉 splendid 绝好的prospective 角度candidate 参选人 grade 年级，分数Supervisor 监督prolong 推迟 littering 乱扔垃圾scan 扫描digital 数字的 laptop 手提电脑desktop 桌名dormitory 寝室 diversity 多样性reformation 改善commercial 商业的depict描绘freshmen 新生stadium 体育场undergraduate 大学生distracting 分散journal 日记reference 参考intervene 干涉rehearse演练 step down 退任it sucks （口）烂mess up 搞糟advanced standing 学生用先前已修得的学科抵免入学后所需修的科目。Alumni 校友audit 审计auditor bulletin 编辑公告Bursar 会计,奖学金获得者concession 特许 Deferred admission 延迟入学 Dropout 退学
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba9869507.html, 40个托福口语必备词语以及造句整理 天道留学
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba9869507.html, 想要说好托福口语就必须要掌握一些必备的名词词汇，因为只有名词词汇才能成为整个句子的中中心。为大家总结了托福口语必备名词词汇集锦，供大家参考。 1.account I have an account with the bank. 我在银行开有户头。 He turned/put his knowledge of Spanish to good account. 他善加利用他对西班牙语文的知识。 Don‘t stay away on account of John. 为了约翰，不要离开。 2.act Don‘t take him seriously ——it’s just an act. 不要把他看得太认真——他只是假装那样而已。 In the act of (=while) picking up the ball， he slipped and fell. 正当其拾球之际，他失足跌倒。 3.addition They‘ve just had an addition to t he family. 他们家里刚又增加一口。 4.adjustment They do an adjustment on humance resources to achieve the goal. 为了达到目标，他们调整了人员。 5.advertisement Advertisement helps to sell goods. 广告有助于销路。 6.agreement I‘m quite in agreement with what you say. 我十分同意你所说的话。 7.air My plans are still quite in the air. 我的计划还未定案。
掌握5个小方法让你轻松搞定托福词汇记忆 很多考生都不知道如何去记忆托福词汇，这样使得考生的托福词汇量达不到标准，那么托福词汇应该如何去记忆呢?有哪些方法可以帮助我们很好的记住托福词汇。今天小编为大家推荐5个小方法，让你轻松搞定托福词汇记忆。 在托福考试备考过程中，词汇的积累是到头重要的，但是却有很多考生却是“屡记屡忘”，这时考生就可以去想一想，为什么我们能记住you,are,clever这些词呢?原因很简单，是我们看的次数多了，所以就记住了。那么考生已经证了一天背多了单词也是记不住的，那么我们记忆单词就可以找种方法去记，我们可以花很多天去记忆，每天都去看很多遍，这样我们不就记住了吗?下面我们一起来看看小编在这里整理的5个小技巧： 技巧一、在背单词的过程中，我们不要反复的去写单词。很多考生从小受到教育是“好记忆不如烂笔头”的观念，所以在记单词的时候，不停的写，在记单词的过程中，也就是一个反复抄写的过程。但实际上这不是一个非常高效的记单词的方法，甚至可以说是一种搞笑的一种记忆方式。原因是：大多数的单词对我们来说是能够阅读就可以的了，当然作文中出现的单词就是另外一个层面的问题了。 技巧二、复习词汇远比背单词重要。在现实生活中，不仅仅是单词，任何一个可以出口成章的诗句，哪一个不是靠背了好多遍，好多天才能实现的。要记住罗马不是一天建成的，那么谁告诉我们单词必须今天要记住的呢?其实这是一个通理，我们要靠多天的不断积累和复习，才能让自己很好的记住，所以复习词汇远比背单词重要，在备考过程中，我们要不断的进行复习。 技巧三、在背单词的时候，我们只记住单词一个中文解释。在英文单词中，往往一个单词和意思不止一个，而且有很多的单词有些意思是一样的，所以这样我们记忆起来有可能会被混淆。所以我们背单词的时候，我们只需要记住单词的一个意思就OK啦。因为我们最难的就是把单词和相应的中文意思给对应起来，反而后面的词汇扩展就容易多了。 技巧四、记单词时用朗读单词来带动自己来背。这样做有好向个好处，一就可以解决自己不会读的问题，二能解决考生背单词心里很疲惫的问题。在托福考试词汇备考过程中，有些词汇我们并不一定会读，那么，我们记单词的时候，除了知道它的意思之外，我们还要知道它的读音是什么，这样我们记忆词汇起来会更加的轻松了。再有就是背单词是一个枯燥的过程，如果记的过程中可以用朗读来减少这种枯燥又何尝不是一件好事呢。 技巧五、养成习惯最重要。在托福备考中，词汇的备考会花费考生很多的时间和精力，所以考生在记忆托福词汇的过程中，养成一个好的记忆单词习惯对于大家提升记单词的质量和效果都是非常有帮助的。在记忆单词过程，我们可以给自己设定一个专门用来背单词的时间段，只要这个时间一到，那么你就要放下手头其它的事情，专心来记忆单词。如果按照这样的记忆单词的方式，只要2周
托福口语必备580个基本词 第一部分、基本动词词汇 Basic Verbs, Prepositions, Articles, Pronouns, etc. 1. come (verb.) Come here! 到这里来！ He will never come to much (= will never be successful).他将来绝不会很有作为。 How did you come to be so foolish? 你为什么如此愚蠢？ On what page does it come? 它在哪一页？ 2. get (verb.) We can get 15 channels on TV. 我们可以收看到15个频道的电视节目。 Do you get me? 你明白我的意思吗？ Ah! I’ve got you there! 啊！这下我可难到你啦。 3. give (verb.) He gave me his cold. 他把感冒传给我。 Sorry to have given you trouble. 对不起，打扰了。
Ladies and gentlemen, I give you our speaker for tonight. 女士们，先生们，让我向诸位介绍今晚的演讲者。 4. go (verb.) Go get a doctor. 去叫医生来！ How goes it with you? 你近来情况如何？ There are six minutes to go. 还有六分钟。 5. keep (verb.) Does your watch keep good time? 你的表走得准吗？ Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Does your school keep all day? 你们学校全天上课吗？ 6. let (verb.) Let us pray. 让我们祈祷吧。 The pair of rubber shoes let (in) water. 这双胶鞋漏水。 The flat lets for 1500 yuan a month. 这套公寓每月租金1500元。 7. make (verb.)
People and relationships 1.Judgemental ?Adj./d??d?ment?l/ ?too quick to criticize妄下结论的 ?Be judgemental about ?You should not be so judgemental about people. 2.Blunt ?Adj./bl?nt/ ?saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings说话不过脑子的、直说的 ?形容人时，常用作表语 ?I'll be blunt-that last piece of work you did was terrible. 3.Self-assured ?Adj./self.???:d//self.???rd/ ?having confidence in your own abilities自信的、自我肯定的 ?常用来作定语修饰人 ?He's a self-assured,confident negotiator. 4.Stingy ?Adj./st?nd?i/ ?unwilling to spend money or something else小气的、吝啬的 ?Be stingy with ?My dad is stingy with money,and has never given me pocket money. 5.Nosy ?Adj./no?zi/ ?too interested in what other people are doing and wanting to discover too much about them八卦的、爱管闲事的 ?可做定语or表语修饰人 ?She was complaining about her nosy parents. 6.Open-minded ?Adj./??p?n.ma?nd?d/ ?willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own 思想开明的 ?Be open-minded about ?Doctors these days tend to be more open-minded about alternative medicine.
Word List 4 expertise blend fungus elasticity moisture gravity stout assent bizarre conceit husbandry abysmal scorn tranquil swoop punch mingle interim laudable incur pretext replica siege lunge basement crude gibe community speckle beaver pollutant sardonic practical circular disappoint nomadic soft talent confer incessantly
stadium budget dominate intelligence ultimatum personality decrease milieu satiric alchemist untamed diffusion stream clipper equivalent fray prolific revolution crab inhabit tissue precede mushroom listless stretch recharge groom dim quantify equitable appreciate neuron glare marsh foul eclipse incentive command puncture corrosive picky raven durable approve
1地理GEOGRAPHY geography 地理 geographer地理学家hemisphere 半球 meridian 子午线，经线 parallel 平行圈，纬线 latitude 经度 longitude 纬度 elevation 海拔 altitude 高度 horizon 地平线 equator 赤道 Arctic 北极 Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险 navigation 航海 topography 地形，地形学continent 大陆 continental shelf 大陆架continental drift 大陆漂移说 plain 平原 plateau (highland) 高地 lowland 低地 basin 盆地 cavern (cave) 洞穴 oasis （沙漠）绿洲 cleft (flaw) 裂缝 crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝 summit 山顶 range （山）脉 valley 峡谷 gorge峡谷 canyon 峡谷 channel (strait) 海峡 marine （maritime; oceanic）海的tide 潮汐ebb (away) 退潮 sea-floor spreading海床扩展ocean bottom 海床 coastland 沿海地区 contour 轮廓；海岸线continental island 大陆岛 volcanic island 火山岛 coral island 珊瑚岛 insular 海岛的 islet 小岛 peninsular 半岛 ledge 暗礁 remote-sensing 遥感的terrain 地域 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的 terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热 terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 subterranean ( underground) 地底下evaporation 蒸发 salinity 含盐度 sediment 沉淀物，沉积物 tropics 热带地区 tropical 热带的 temperate 温带的 temperate latitudes 温带地区 frigid 寒带的 frost heaving 冻胀现象 2地质 geology 地质学 geologist 地质学家 crust 地壳 mantle 地幔 core 地核 continental crust 大陆地壳 oceanic crust 海洋地壳 layer (stratum,复strata) 地层 plate 板块 fault 断层 fault plane 断层面 fault zone 断层带 rift (crack; split) 断裂 fossil 化石 petrify 石化，硬化 igneous rock 火成岩 sedimentary rock 沉积岩 metamorphic rock 变质岩 quartz 石英 limestone 石灰岩 marble 大理石 granite 花岗岩 lithogenous 岩成的 lithosphere 岩石圈 mineral 矿物 ore 矿石 deposit 矿床 platinum 白金，铂 silver 银 copper 黄铜 aluminum 铝 tin 锡
Word List 8 communal fragile agile competence lettuce vacant apportion emotional juvenile status promote academic rigor complex X-ray franchise item grip ridiculous mode cactus silica willful refraction fortuitous insight discard concept swift noted release propensity fable diplomat mutual odd confidant bureaucracy abate dignify feign melodious
disastrous complaint negligent frail blaze cherish snide empiricism falter mismanage lust stampede overnight torpor shed hierarchy aluminum deplete pattern shirk dormant quasar humorous bolster cite offensive emerge tactic awareness distract rehabilitate blizzard mold ease roe fin mythology drastic healing blush melodic cubism magnet pensive
托福口语必备短语词汇 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《托福口语必备短语词汇》的内容，具体内容：对于托福备考的同学们来说，词汇是重中之重。我今天就给大家分享一些托福短语，要考托福的快学习吧常见形容词optimistic 乐观independent独立的... 对于托福备考的同学们来说，词汇是重中之重。我今天就给大家分享一些托福短语，要考托福的快学习吧 常见形容词 optimistic乐观 independent独立的 out-going外向的 active 活泼的 able 有才干的，能干的; adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的，活跃的; aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的; amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的; analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的;
aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的; capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 办理仔细的; candid 正直的 competent 能胜任的; constructive 建设性的 cooperative 有合作精神的; creative 富创造力的 dedicated 有奉献精神的; dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的; disciplined 守纪律的 dutiful 尽职的; well--educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的; energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表达; faithful 守信的，忠诚的 frank 直率的，真诚的; generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的;
托福口语独立话题参考V1.0 托福口语一、二题，少有人能在没有准备的考试中出口成章。即使有人可以，也难成完美回答。因此准备素材变得犹为重要。它能使难以开口的同学顺利过关，使实力较好的同学走向满分。当然，托福口语是个三分靠理论，七分靠实践的东西。没有自己的积累与实践，看再多的材料也是徒劳。而我们最后能达到怎样的高度？答案是自己给出的。祝愿这份材料能对大家的口语有所帮助。 口语一、二题复习建议： 事，人，地方，物品（书），节日+（事情special day),爱好(书），去海边（游泳，新鲜空气，聊天，父母感情），最崇拜的人 1、所有回答仅为中等水平的参考例文，请根据自身情况重新构思。 2、写通用段子（比如互联网，在11、12、16、17、26、30和32题中皆可用到）。如果不能够把 每个问题全写出来，则每个题至少要想好3个回答的论据，论据应可以在多个题中通用。 3、把你自己回答内容相似的问题归类，以便考试时候容易迅速回忆。 4、论据的积累可以与独立作文结合在一起复习，实践发现有些题目在口语写作中都出现过。 5、把握几个要点：逻辑严密，语言连贯，语调恰当，语速适中，时间利用充分 6、写什么难度的段子？它应该包含有较高级词汇，多样的语法句式以及独特的创意。 地方: (准备一个地方就行) 1. Describe a place you have never been to but like to go someday. （你最想去的地方） I would prefer to go to a seashore town someday. When I was a child, the sea I watched on TV gave me a nice memory, since then I have a desire to go to the seashore some day. I consider the life near the seashore is comfortable, for the sky there is blue and always full of sunshine, seabirds are singing and the ocean breeze is blowing. I’m willing to swim in the sea or just lie on the beach for a rest, which I could never enjoy in metropolis. Moreover, I could taste sea food such as lobsters and crabs. Therefore, if I can go to a seashore town someday, it must be a wonderful memory in my life. 2. If your friends from other country are going to visit your country, where do you suggest them to go? （可以展现国家特色,也可以谈谈其他方面） I would like them to go to a seashore town in my country.I believe they can’t find seashore as wonderful as the seashore I want them to go. The life near the seashore is comfortable, for the sky there is blue and always full of sunshine, seabirds are singing and the ocean breeze is blowing. They can swim in the sea and lie on the beach for a rest, which they could never enjoy in their country. Moreover, they could taste sea food that only produce in that seashore such as local lobsters, crabs and fish. So if they can go to a seashore town someday, it must be a good memory in their life. 3. Features of cafe or restaurant you like（喜欢具有什么特点的餐厅/场所） Well, I prefer a cafe or a restaurant that is quiet and clean.First of all, a quiet place is good for me to enjoy a comfortable meal and I won’t be bothered by a noisy surrounding. And I am able to have a conversation or a talk with friends if it is quiet near by, that we won’t have to shout to each other. Second, a clean place to eat could make me have a
word list 1 accomplishment acronym acute improve interest investigate juvenile load unearth varnish wipe legitimate literacy locomotion longitude lower word list 2 ability adhere aggression artistic log accord marked modulate monarch motto manage maritime mat additive affection alike awareness balance brochure careless chimpanzee collective conductivity congestion convince council obstruct overcharge partly alternately behaviorism biological budget mutual overall overlook parallel paramount participant pendent planet pollen predominant prevalent protagonist radiation rehabilitate renovate sapphire scatter sensual shellfish shuttle calender coil colleague composer composition dairy crevice plausible plot crossing curriculum debate deadline deal precipitate radiate remnant removal renaissance retire deficiency devotion discharge dispute deceive distant dramatic erosion explosive forestall fume sodium solo diverse rod doctrine endless enforce essentially expire spice salon stretch strive scar igneous immutable impetus indicate industry intelligence interpret intriguing justify shipwright sloth stylistic surplus sweep solitary specialize specimen spectator spill fare flat syllable temporary tendency term forward foul glow state gym tow stem honest trial legislative string
托福口语必备高频词汇 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
T P O 1 Task3 Administration 行政 Sculpture 雕塑 Reserve 保留，预约 Donor 捐赠者 Versus 表示两方相对 Assumption 假设 Tuition 学费 Task5 Elementary school 小学 A bunch of 一群，一束 Van 货车 Rental agency 租赁公司 Schedule 计划表 Supervise 监督 TPO2 Task3 Elimination 消除 Discontinue 停止 Parking lot 停车场 Out of date 过时的 Off campus 校外 Task5 Geology 地质学 Run into 碰到 Spring break 春假 Exhibition 展览 TPO3 Task3 Dining hall 食堂 Assortment 分类 Omelet 蛋卷饼 Cereal 谷物 On campus 校内 Task5 Institute 协会 Award ceremony 颁奖典礼 On one’s behalf 代表 Schedule 计划表 Struggle 挣扎 TPO4
Task3 Department 部，系 Evening class Enroll in 注册登记 Cost-effective 划算的 Task5 Psychology 心理学 Lecture hall 大阶梯教室 TPO5 Task3 Semester 学期 Food ingredients 食物配料 Chef 主厨 Extra cost 额外花费 Task5 String quartet 弦乐四重奏乐团 Sprain 扭伤 Wrist 手腕 Orchestra 管弦乐队 Rehearsal 排演 TPO 6 TASK3 Proposal提议，建议 Seminar研讨会 Involve包含 Worthwhile值得的 Concentrate集中（注意力） Cancel取消，废除 TASK5 Quiz小测验 Roll v.（使)滚动，转动；绕；（使）摇摆n.卷；名单，花名册 Exhaust n.废气；排气管v.用尽，耗尽（drain）；是非常疲倦；详细讨论 Focus n.焦点，焦距；（活动)中心v.集中（注意力、精力）；（使）聚焦Available adj.可得到的，可找到的（accessible，obtainable)；有空的（free) Enormous adj.巨大的，极大的 Agenda n.议程，议程表 Advance v.前进；进步；促进n.进展adj.预先的，开头的 Concern v.涉及，关系到；使关心，使担忧n.关心；有关的事 Semester n.学期（term） TPO7 TASK3 Upset心烦的 Deal n.交易；协议v.处理，对付（handle）；给予；经营 Major n.专业