河北省石家庄新乐市2016高考英语阅读类含语法填空练习（6）【阅读理解】
B“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued：
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfo rt for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown. 1．What activity was organized for the school reunion?
A．Sightseeing in the park. B．A picnic on the school playground. C．Telling stories about past events. D．Graduates' reports in the old building.
2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.
B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.
C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.
3. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________.
A. kept track of her students' progress
B. gave her students advice on their careers
C. attended her students' college graduations
D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies
4. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers?
A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.
B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.
D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.
5. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?
A. Reliable and devoted.
B. Tough and generous.
C. Proud but patient.
D. Strict but caring.
【要点综述】Barditch High School组织学生、教师重聚。在聚会上Ms. Yates的一席发言打动了所有的人。
1. C 信息理解题。根据第一段中的“Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可知答案。
2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段描述在Ms. Yates要开始讲话时学生们的表现可知，学生们对老师过去对他们的种种教学方式是有些反感的。
3. A 信息理解题。通读Ms. Yates的发言，特别是从“…but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.”中可知答案。
4. C 信息理解题。根据“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, som e of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me”可知答案。
5. D 推理判断题。从第二段最后一句“…made them work harder than all the other teachers combined”以及“…I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students”可知答案。
阅读理解.。
Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt Polly. He looked at it, and all joy left him. The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down.
He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire.
He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets —nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea
At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash. While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he sho uted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said “Ding-Dong-Dong”, “Ding-Dong-Dong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.
Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: “Hello! I’m going swimming, but you can’t go, can you?”
No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom’s mouth watered for the apple, but he k ept on working.
Ben said, “Hello, old fellow, you’ve got to work, hey?”
Tom turned suddenly and said, “Why, it’s you, Ben! I wasn’t noticing.”
“Say —I’m going swimming. Don’t you wish you could? But of course you’d rather work —wouldn’t you? Of course you would.”
Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said “What do you call work?”
“Why, isn’t that work?”
Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.
“Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.”“Oh come, now, you don’t mean to say that you like it?”
The brush continued to move.
“Like it? Well, I don’t see why I shouldn’t like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?”
Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every
move and got more and more interested. Soon he said,
“Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.”
Tom thought for a moment, was about to agree; but he changed his mind.
“No —no —it won’t do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don’t think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.”
“No —is that so? Oh come, now —let me just tr y. Only just a little.” “Ben, I’d like to, but if it isn’t done right, I’m afraid Aunt Polly … ”
“Oh, I’ll be careful. Now let me try. Say —I’ll give you the core of my apple.”“Well, here —No, Ben, now don’t. I’m afraid …”
“I’ll give you all of it.”
Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought in for a dead rat —and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures. And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company －and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn’t run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends.
He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get.
1. How many characters are mentioned in this story?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
2. Why did Tom take all his bits of toys out of his pockets?
A. Because he is tired and wanted to play with his toys.
B. Because he wanted to throw his toys away.
C. Because he wanted to give his toys to his friends.
D. Because he wanted to know if he could buy help with his toys.
3. Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his mind because ______.
A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself
B. Tom planned to make Ben give up his apple first
C. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing
D. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better.
4. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. Tom was interested in whitewashing the fence.
B. Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others.
C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for him
D. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of his work with the eye of an artist.
5. What made Ben Rogers eagerly gave up his apple and offer to brush the fence for Tom?
A. His warm heart and kindness to friends.
B. His curiosity about Tom’s brushing job.
C. Tom’s threat.
D. Aunt Polly’s idea]
6. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?
A. The Happy Whitewasher
B. Tom And His Fellows
C. Whitewashing A Fence
D. How To Make The Things Difficult To Get
【参考答案】1—6、BDBCBA
阅读理解。
The Board Meeting had come to an end. Bob started to stand up and knocked into the table, spilling his coffee over his notes. “How embarrassing! I am getting so clumsy in my old age.”
Everyone had a good laugh, and soon we were all telling stories of our most embarrassing moments. It came around to Frank who sat quietly listening to the others. Someone said, “Come on, Frank. Tell us your most embarrassing moment.”
Frank laughed and began to t ell us of his childhood. “I grew up in San Pedro. My Dad
was a fisherman, and he loved the sea. He had his own boat, but it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to feed the family. Not just enough for our family, but also for his Mom and Dad and the other kids that were still at home.”
He looked at us and said, “I wish you could have met my Dad. He was a big man, and he was strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him, he smelled like the ocean. He would wear his old canvas, foul-weather coat and his bibbed overalls. His rain hat would be pulled down over his brow. No matter how much my mother washed them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish.”
Fr ank’s voice dropped a bit. “When the weather was bad he would drive me to school. He had this old truck that he used in his fishing business. That truck was older than he was. It would wheeze and rattle down the road. You could hear it coming for blocks. As he would drive toward the school, I would shrink (畏缩) down into the seat hoping to disappear. Half the time, he would slam to a stop and the old truck would belch (喷出) a cloud of smoke. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like everybody would be standing around and watching. Then he would lean over and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so embarrassing for me. Here, I was twelve years old, and my Dad would lean over and kiss me goodbye!”
He paused and then went on, “I remember the day I decided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school and came to a stop, he had his usual big smile. He started to lean toward me, but I put my hand up and said, “No, Dad.” It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this surprised look on his face.
I said, “Dad, I’m too old for a goodbye kiss. I’m too old for any kind of kiss.” My Dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear up. Then he turned and looked out the windsh ield. “ You’re right,” he said. “ You are a big boy....a man. I won’t kiss you anymore.”
Frank got a funny look on his face, and the tears began to well up in his eyes, as he spoke. “It wasn’t long after that when my Dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when most of the fleet (船队) stayed in, but not Dad. He had a big family to feed. They found his boat adrift with its nets half in and half out. He must have
gotten into a strong wind and was trying to save the nets and the floats.”
I looked at Frank and saw that tears were running down his cheeks. Frank spoke again. “Guys, you don’t know what I would give to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek…to feel his rough old face… to smell the ocean on him… to feel his arm around my neck. I wish I had been a man then. If I had been a man, I would never have told my Dad I was too old for a goodbye kiss.”
1. When his father drove him to the school, Frank would shrink down into the seat hoping to disappear because ________.
A. he was ashamed o f his father’s old truck
B. he thought he was old enough to go to school alone
C. he didn’t want his schoolmates to see his father
D. he hated the way his schoolmates stared at his father
2. In Frank’s eyes, when his father said “You are a big boy… a man.”, he probably felt ________.
A. disappointed
B. hurt
C. excited
D. proud
3. According to the story we can conclude that Frank’s father ________.
A. was quite confident in his skills in fishing
B. loved his children but hardly expressed it
C. seldom gave up faced with challenges
D. was full of devotion to his family
4. By saying the sentence “I wish I had been a man then…”, Frank meant ________.
A. he was fed up with his father kissing him goodbye
B. he deeply regretted what he had done to his father
C. he was then too young to refuse a goodbye kiss
D. he hoped that his father would forgive him
5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
A. The Smell of the Ocean
B. We All Need Love
C. A Goodbye Kiss
D. Father’s Embarrassme nt
【参考答案】15、ABDBC
【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】
Increasing Noise Annoys
People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed. Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around major roads. Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs. But the highest priority (优先) was a noise complaints system that works.
Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together. So it conducted survey and found that about half its citizens are upset by noise in one form or another-traffic, mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties. This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through solutions to the problem.
The meeting found the present noise complaints system bizarre. Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police. So complaints often feel they are getting the run-round. When the people at the meeting were asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour noise hotline to be the first port of call for all complaints.
The meeting also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners. This even makes economic sense, as noise is a waste of energy-and money. Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas（居民区）.
59. According to the passage, what do people want most?
A. Tougher laws.
B. Technical improvements.
C. An effective noise complaints system
D. Tougher minimum standards for noise
60. What does the underlined word bizarre in the second paragraph mean?
A. reasonable
B. wonderful
C. strange
D. responsible
61. How many regulatory measures against noise are mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C.
2. D. 5.
62. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances are necessary.
B. Traffic, mowers, pool pumps, and air conditioners are all the sources of noise.
C. 90% of the residents are annoyed by noise.
D. Heavy traffic should be kept away from residential areas according to the meeting.
63. Brisbane City Council brought together citizens to talk through solutions to the noise problem mainly due to .
A. the result of the survey carried out by itself
B. a noise complaints system that works
C. people asking for tougher laws on noise
D. requirements of an effective noise complaints system
【参考答案】59—63、CC ACA
阅读理解概述--题型探究
探究点---语义推测题
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无
误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、题型特点与命题方式
此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题
材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类
题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用
同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【题型特点】
1．要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2．要求猜测词义的词一般为实词，可通过构词法、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义。
3．代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“逆向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
1．The underlined word“...” in the second(third...) paragraph refers to(means) ________.
2．By saying “...” in the first(second...) paragraph, the author means that ________.
3．In paragraph...，“...” can be replaced by “________”．
4．The meaning of “...” in paragraph...is related to ________.
5．Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(paragraph...)?
6．The underlined sentence in the first
(second...)paragraph probably means that ________.
二、解题思路与应试技巧
做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。
1．根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。
例1 【2009·福建卷】…In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important
tipping_points,_such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.
…
The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “______”．A．freezing points B．burning points
C．melting points D．boiling points
【解析】 C 根据后一句的such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。
2．根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
They traveled a long way, at last got to a_castle,_a large building in old times.
同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。
We are on the_night_shift—from midnight to 8 a．m.— this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。
The “Chunnel”， a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.
此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。由此可知，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。
例 2 The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call
home.
…
The word “address” in the f irst sentence probably means ________ .
A．talk about B．deal with
C．fight for D．write to
【解析】 B 猜测词义题。根据文中第二句“It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population...”，可知，该组织通过两种方式解决美国无家可归的人的住房问题，故可知B项正确。
3．根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，或在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive_and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subjec t.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
例 3 …The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater...
The underlined word “fixture” probably refers to something ______.
A．that people enjoy eating
B．that is always present
C．that is difficult to get
D．that people use as a gift
【解析】 B 从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅销，当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客。另外根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意。
4．根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”，可以推测 permanent 的意思是“永远的，永久的”。
The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious_university,_they fear that many of life’s doors will remain forever closed.
学生认为考试分数低就不可能进入一所好大学，而没有“名校”的毕业文凭，将来生活中的很多大门可能就会对他们永远关闭。由此推知a prestigious university应是指名校，即a famous university。
例 4 【2011·福建卷】．..The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement_with that person will decline(减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”．
...
The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means
“________”．
A．appointment B．connection
C．interview D．agreement
【解析】 B 词义猜测题。根据文中人们投入时间的多少将决定其关系的时长，可知投入时间少，我们和那个人的关系将被削弱，所以engagement是“关系”的含义，与B项一致。
5．根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)。
例 5 【2011·福建卷】．..To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
...
The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．A．alcohol B．absorption C．blood D．process
【解析】 D 代词指代题。根据“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.”可知排除身体内的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程，所以也不可能通过任何手段如洗澡或者喝一杯茶或咖啡加速这个排除过程，这样可以猜测出it指代排除身体内的酒精这一个过程，故选择D。
6．根据同义关系进行猜测
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr.Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer.This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使……陷入危险，危及，危害”。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。
例 6【2009·重庆卷】．..
When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something.Then, there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies.
...
What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?
A．Ways that help one to focus.
B．Words that help one to feel less tense.
C．Activities that turn one’s attention away.
D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
【解析】 C 由前面的other可知distractions与第一句意思基本相同，第一句话表达的是让人注意力分散的事情，结合上下文可知答案为C。
7．根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正好相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
8．通过上下文理解猜测词义
通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。
例 8 【2011·课标全国卷】．..The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.
...
What does the word “residents” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．chickens B．tomatoes
C．gardens D．people
【解析】 A 词义理解题。联系句子The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.我们知道，这里所说的“房子的居住者”就是这些小鸡。
语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】
One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair. As I looked__1__(close) at this girl, I found that she was fixed on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and upper body，__2__(dress) in a little white skirt. As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl. When I took the money__3__her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. All of __4__sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl，__5__smile just melted me__6__almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of__7__life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and__8__(bring) me into her world; a world of smiles, love and__9__(warm). I'm a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught__10__.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．closer/closely 更近地看，表示与上文比较，或直接用副词。
2．dressed be dressed in“穿着”。
3．from take...from“从……拿……”。
4．a all of a sudden“突然”。
5．whose 引导定语从句，并在从句中做定语，修饰smile。
6．and 连接并列谓语melted和gave。
7．what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中做about的宾语。
8．brought 因为是并列谓语，所以应与前面谓语动词took时态一致。
9．warmth 抽象名词，与前面的smiles，love并列。
10．me 考查短语teach sb. a lesson，这里缺少间接宾语。
广东省语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
LONDON — Millvina Dean, who as a baby was wrapped in a sack and lowered into a lifeboat in the frigid North Atlantic, died Sunday，__1__(be) the last survivor of 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic.
She was 97 years old, and she died __2__ she had lived —in Southampton, England, the city her family had tried to leave behind when it took the ill-fated maiden voyage，bound __3__ America.
She died in her sleep early Sunday，__4__ friend Gunter Babler told the Associated Press. It was the 97th anniversary of the launch of the ship that was promoted as “practically unsinkable”．
Babler said Dean’ s longtime companion, Bruno Nordmanis, called him in Switzerland __5__(say) staff at Woodlands Ridge Nursing Home in Southampton discovered Dean in her room Sunday morning. He said she had been hospitalized with pneumonia but she __6__(recover) and returned to the home.
__7__ staff nurse at the nursing home said late Sunday that no one would comment __8__ administrators came on duty Monday morning.
Dean was just over 2 months old when the RMS Titanic hit an iceberg __9__ the night of April 14, 1912. The ship sank in less than three hours. Dean was one of the 706 people —__10__(most) women and children — who survived. Her father was among the 1 517 who died.
1． [解析] 结合语境考查非谓语动词。此处分词的完成式表示状态位于主句谓语动词died之前。谓语动词之后设空，且提示词为动词时，答案首选非谓语动词。
[答案] having been
2． [解析] 结合语境考查where连接的地点状语从句。此处意为“她在她住的地方去世了”。此处指她住的地方，所以用where。
[答案] where
3． [解析] 结合语境考查介词。此处用来说明轮船行驶的方向，所以用for。bound for“前往……的”。此处意为“轮船朝着美洲方向前进”。
[答案] for
4． [解析] 结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。从设空的特点看此处为名词前设空，所以答案首选限定词，结合上下文可知，应用her。
[答案] her
5． [解析] 结合语境考查不定式作目的状语或现在分词作伴随状语。此处意为“Babler说Dean的好伙伴Bruno Nordmanis给他打电话说……”。
[答案] to say/saying
6． [解析] 结合语境考查动词的时态。动词recover表示的动作和“had been hospitalized”所表示的动作都发生在主句谓语动词“said”所表示的动作之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。
[答案] had recovered
7． [解析] 结合语境考查不定冠词。此处用a表示泛指，staff nurse意为“医院护士”。此处意为“该养老院的一位护士”。
[答案] A
8． [解析] 结合语境考查连词。两句话之间设空，可推知答案首选连词。句意：星期日晚些时候该养老院的一位护士说只有到星期一早上管理人员来值班时才能说明情况。故答案为till或until。
[答案] till/until
9． [解析] 结合语境考查介词的用法。由“the night of April 14,1912”可知此处是指特定的某个夜晚，所以用介词on。[答案] on
10．[解析] 考查词性转换。句意：在活下来的706人中大多数为妇女和儿童，Dean是其中之一。mostly意为“大多数地，一般情况下，通常”。
[答案] mostly
语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】
Why is setting goals so important? __1__ goals can help you do, be, and experience everything __2__ you want in life. Instead of just __3__(let) life happen to you, goals allow yourself to make your life happen.
__4__(success) and happy people have set lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It's __5__ having a map to show you __6__ you want to go.
Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and __7__(set) goals. __8__ (success) people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren't difficult to set, and __9__ aren't difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are __10__one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.Because 2.that 3.letting 4.Successful 5.like
6.where
7.setting
8.Unsuccessful
9.they 10.the
语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】
Lily：Boys and girls, May I have your attention Please! Today we have an honorable guest here, Professor Smith, __1__ come from the USA. Professor Smith , could you tell us how to study English well?
Professor Smith：Well, that's a very broad topic.
Lily：OK, I see. So __2__ of all, how should we greet someone that we haven't seen for a long time?
Professor Smith：You __3__ greet them with “how are you doing” instead of “how do you do”？
Lily：OK, Here's another. What is __4__ best way to improve one's accent? Professor Smith：OK. You have the habit of speaking Chinese. Your mouth has some special repetitive actions.
Lily：Then what should we do?
Professor Smith：You should listen to native speakers or talk to people in English __5__ often as you can.
Lily：But most students are afraid of __6__ (laugh ) at.
Professor Smith：In the USA, many Chinese students are also shy of speaking English. We should be confident, and speak English as if no one else __7__(listen)
Lily：Thanks a lot, Professor Smith. In summing up, could you please give us one sentence __8__(conclude) our discussion?
Professor Smith：Speak English __9__(loud)!
Lily：Thank you professor. And thank you all for listening. Today's programme will __10__(repeat) on Friday at 12：30. See you then.
Professor Smith：Good bye then.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.who 2.first 3.can 4.the 5.as
6.being laughed
7.is listening
8.to conclude
9.aloud 10.be repeated
2019年高考英语语法填空实战模拟 (名师精剖析解题技巧与方法+实战练习，值得下载练习) 篇一:语法填空答题技巧 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或 词类转化。其解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __61__(attract)．[典例1][2016· [剖析]考查名词。句意：对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词 top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016· 全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
[剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其 解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony [典例1][2016· in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，由谓语动词are和require可知此处 应用复数形式changes。 3．有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相 反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根
2016年高考真题谓语动词语法填空 1. (2016北京)Jack __________________( work) in the lab when the power cut occurred． 2. (2016北京)—Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars．We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours． 3. (2016北京)I _____________ (read) half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend． 4. (2016北京)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________________ (reward) with success in the end． 5. (2016北京)Why didn’t you tell me abou t your trouble last week? If you _____________ （tell）me，I could have helped． 6. (2016浙江)Silk _____________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC． 7. (2016浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths ________________ (fall ) since their highest in 2005． 8. (2016天津)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I ___________ （see）for years. 9. (2016天津) I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________________(injury) 10. (2016江苏)More efforts, as reported, ____________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform． 11. (2016江苏)If it____________ (be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now． 12. (2016江苏)Dashan, who __________ (learn）crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition． 13. (2016全国卷I) Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______________(be) often acceptable. 14. (2016全国卷I) but whatever it is, __________ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 15. (2016全国卷II) It was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 16. (2016全国卷III)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _________(be) too violent for use at the table. 2016年高考真题答案：1. was working 2. have been waiting 3. have read 4. will be rewarded 5. had told 6. had become 7. would not have fallen 8. hadn’t seen9. would have been injured 10. will be made 11.had not been 12.has been learning 13.is 14. make 15.was allowed 16. were
2016高考英语语法填空真题精选10篇 Passage 1 (2015?新课标全国Ⅰ) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I __1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours __2__，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with __3__ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5__ (painting).Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away __6__ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo __7__ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers __8__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it __9__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Passage 2 (2015?新课标全国Ⅱ) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The adobe dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __2__ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3__(able) to “air condition”a house without __4__(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat
高考英语语法填空之介词及介词短语专项练习 1.I began ________ a calculating machine ________ France ________ 164 2. 2.Spielberg is such a famous director that we're all looking forward to ________(see)his new films. 3.Driving cars instead of taking buses is harmful ________ our environment. 4.As far as I know, the little boy has a strong desire ________ knowledge. 5.On the contrary, most electronic media such ________ television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences. 6.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun ________each other. 7.________ tradition, Chinese people will have a family reunion, admire the moon and share the mooncakes. 8.Nanjing is an old city which lies ________ the Yangtze River. 9.Ensure the guard is ________ place before operating the machine. 10.We must wake up to the fact that this kind of animal is ________ danger of dying out. 11.He was tired ________ the city life and hoped to move to the country. 12.He couldn't hold back his tears when he recalled what he had gone ________ during his childhood. 13.She adapted herself quickly ________ the new life in London. 14.The teacher came in________ a book in his hand. 15.________ memory of the dead soldiers, a grand memorial was built on the spot of the great campaign. 16.Doctors should be patient ________ their patients. 17.After I was programmed ________ an operator who used cards ________ holes，I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. 18.Instead ________ going ________ a diet, she eats less fat and sugar and exercises more. 19.There were scores of scenes in this film where I was moved ________ tears. 20.With the Chinese people _______(unite) as one, any attempt to separate China is bound to fail. 21.As we approach our teenage years, we have to go ______ many physical and emotional changes.
历年高考语法填空真题 1. (2017全国Ⅰ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 2. (2017全国Ⅱ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __________62__ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day. Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 3. (2017全国Ⅲ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 ________ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 __________ model in New Y ork. Sarah 63 __________ (tell) that she could be Britain?s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 _______ has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65_________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66_________ (educate). She has turned down several 67_______ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68___________ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 ___________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 _________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more." 4. (2016全国Ⅰ)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧 语法填空题的设置是全国卷高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查置于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平.此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不容忽视.要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键. 一、语法填空题命题原则及考点分析. （一）命题原则： 1.短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等. 2.短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空. 3.短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力. 4.考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题.纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词. 5.常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写. （二）考点分析：语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点.它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况.具体考点和命题特点如下： 1．每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法. 【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 【解析】因allow 与 they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用 be
2016年高考英语改错题汇总 (2016 1卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to _____ 1 live. ________not very big , the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always ________(crowd) with customers at meal times. Some people even have to wait outside. My uncle _______(tell) me that the key _____ his success is honesty. Every day he makes sure that fresh ________(vegetable) and high quality oil are used for _______(cook). My uncle says that he ________ dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that _____ business will grow _______(steady). (2016 2卷)The summer holiday is ________(come). My classmates and I are talking about ______ to do during the holiday. We can choose between staying at home and ______(take) a trip. _____ we stay at home, it is comfortable _______ there is no need to spend money. _______ in that case, we will learn little about the world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can ________(broad) our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from ________(book). Some classmates suggest we go to ________(place) of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea. It ___________ cost much, yet we can still learn a lot. (2016 3卷)The teenage years from 13 to 19 _______(be) the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worst years in my life. At first, I _________(think) I knew everything and could make decisions ________ myself. ___________, my parents didn’t seem to think _______. They always told me what to do and ___________ to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. I showed them I was ____________(independence) by wearing strange _________(cloth). Now I am ___________(leave) home for college. At last, I will be on _______(I) own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help. （2016四川） It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a ________(west) festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, _______ she has to do most of the housework. She is a great mother._______ Dad and I planned to do something ______ Mother’s Day.We ________(get) up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,_______ then went shopping.________ he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in his hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen.The dishes I cooked ______(be) Mom’s fa vorite. At dinner,we said to her,“Happy _________(mother) Day！”Mom was grateful and__________( move). （2016浙江） When I was a very young child, my father _______(creat) a regular practice I remember _______(good) years later. _________ time he arrived home at the end of the day ,we’d greet h im at the door. He would ask _____ we were and pretend not to know us, Then he and my mother would have a drink ________ she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and _______(her). While they ________(chat), my father would lift my sister and me up to sit ______ the top of the fridge. It was both exciting and __________(frighten) to be up there！ My sister and I thought he was so cool for_______ (put) us there. 2016年高考英语改错题汇总及答案 (2016 1卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live. Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
高中英语语法填空练习（24篇） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 （1） In the United States, there were 222 people 1.__________（report）to be billionaires（亿万富翁）in 2003. The 2.__________of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3.__________starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4.__________he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5. __________the time he was 6.__________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7.__________（young）ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8.__________of these child actors made over a million dollars9.__________（act）in movies before they were 14. But10.__________ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited （继承）a billion dollars when he turned 18! （2） Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car 1.__________（steal）. They filed a report 2.__________the police station and a detective drove them 3.__________to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4.__________（amaze）, the car had been returned 5.__________there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your ca r. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the 6.__________. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7.__________tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended8.__________concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found. 9.__________their house had been ransacked （洗劫）. On the bathroom mirror was 10.__________note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” （3） People 1.__________（live）in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2.__________in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary,
高考英语语法填空考点 高考英语语法填空1 1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词：例如： England，Mary 2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词。例如： They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如： Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如： Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如： We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如： The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词。例如： have breakfast，play chess。 8)当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词。例如： by bus，by train。 9)有些个体名词不用冠词。当school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如： go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) 10)不用冠词的序数词; a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如： He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。
A （2018全国一卷） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and wi ll do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. B （2018全国二卷） Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. C （2018全国三卷） I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).