Term Paper Understanding Chinese Classics
Thesis：The Symbolic Meanings of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter
College：The College of the Foreign Languages
Major：English
Name: Tian Jun Class Number:10090213
Lecturer：Jiang Yujiao
Co-Lecturers:Li Guicang, Xuan Bingshan, and Guo Jianling
Time：2013-06
Scores:
Content
Abstract (1)
1. Introduction (2)
2. Pearl the character (2)
3. The symbolic meanings of Pearl (4)
3.1 Pearl as a guilt (4)
3.2 Pearl as an ideal life (5)
3.3 Pearl as a truth (6)
3.4 Pearl as a pearl (8)
5. Conclusion (9)
Works Cited (10)
The Symbolic Meanings of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter
Abstract: As a main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne?s The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, the sin-born infant of Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale, plays an fairly important role in the progressing of plots and the delivering of author?s values. Similar to the scarlet letter A, Pearl is not only a character in the novel, but also has various kinds of symbolic meanings, and this paper aims to interpret these meanings of Pearl.
Key words: symbolic meanings; Pearl; The Scarlet Letter
1.Introduction
Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) is considered to be one of the greatest fiction writers in the history of American literature who creates quite a few famous works including Mosses From an Old Manse (1846), The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of the Seven Gables (1851), and The Blithedale Romance (1852). Hawthorne?s works belong to romanticism or, more specifically, dark romanticism, cautionary tales that suggest that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humanity (Wayne 140). Many of his works are inspired by Puritan New England, combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on surrealism. His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express common themes of ancestral sin, guilt and retribution (Howe 633). All these features have been embodied splendidly in The Scarlet Letter.
The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne?s representative work, makes a breakthrough in the traditional novel-creation in America, which also highlights Hawthorne?s thoughts and artistic style. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts during the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an adulterous affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Finally she succeeds, changing the meaning of the letter A from “Adultery” to “Angel” and “Ability”. On the other hand, Dimmesdale, a venerable priest, who commits adultery together with Hester, hides his sin deep in himself and suffers a lot from both Hester?s ex-husband and his own condemn. In the end of the story, unable to bear his sin any longer, he confesses himself in the public and dies on the scaffold.
Hawthorne is commonly considered as an expert of symbolic art, and The Scarlet Letter is undoubtedly the representative work of his symbolism in which the scarlet letter, the roses before the prison, the forest, and all the characters have their specific symbolic meanings. Among all these symbols, Pearl can be a distinct one as she is both a main character and a special symbol.
2. Pearl the character
Pearl, born out of a guilty passion between Hester and Dimmesdale, is doomed to be secluded by the society along with her mother since she was born. As Hawthorne depicts in the novel, the girl is delicate and perfect in the shape, has a native grace, loves the nature world deeply, “worthy to have been left in Eden to be the plaything of the angels after the world?s first parents were driven out” (Hawthorne
108). But this sin-born girl is by no means a common girl. On the other hand, she is wild, vigorous, capricious, and aggressive.
Hawthorne uses various similes and comparisons to portray this extraordinary girl. To most townspeople, unable to find the child?s father, they believe that Pearl is an offspring of demon. As a result, the girl is isolated by society and peers. “Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world. An imp of evil, emblem and product of sin, she had no right amon g christened infants” (Hawthorne 109). But the child comprehends her loneliness well. As she and her mother are secluded by the people, the girl isolates herself from the infantile world as well.
“Pearl saw, and gazed intently, but never sought to make acq uaintance. If spoken to, she would not speak again. If the children gathered about her, as they sometimes did, Pearl would grow positively terrible in her puny wrath, snatching up stones to fling at them, with shrill, incoherent exclamations that made her mother tremble, because they had so much the sound of a witch's anathemas in some unknown tongue.” (Hawthorne 112)
When the girl was born, a great law was broken. As a result, Pearl could not be made amenable to rules. According to old Roger Chillingworth,
“There is no law, nor reverence for authority, no regard for human ordinances or opinions, right or wrong, mixed up with that child's composition” (Hawthorne 112), and she would bespatter the Governor with water.
At that time, the holy and supreme religion—the Puritanism, was not binding on the child, either. When the venerable minister Mr. Wilson—here we may also see him as a representation of Puritanism, tried to draw Pearl betwixt his knees, the girl “escaped through the open window, and stood on the up per step, looking like a wild tropical bird of rich plumage, ready to take flight into the upper air” (Hawthorne 125).
As for Hester, she understands deeply the unusual traits of her child, and sometimes bursts into passionate tears. The girl is so capricious that it was like nothing so much as the phantasmagoric play of the northern lights, which is another simile by Hawthorne. Though it is difficult for Hester to bring the child up, the girl has a born charm in her body which always makes her feel as if it could not be the image of her own child, but of an imp who was seeking to mold itself into Pearl's shape (Wang Jiaqi 145).
There are several scenes of Pearl?s playing in the natur al world in the novel. When with nature, the elf-child can be like a bird, and sometimes decorates herself as a little mermaid. We can never see a picture more harmonious than those of Pearl
playing happily in the forest or beside a river elsewhere in the novel.
Apart from a curious mind about the natural world, the girl has as much inquisitiveness on other things. Besides, her precocity and inborn acuteness make it easier for her to understand anything she wants to know. Though a little girl (She is only seven until the end of the story), Pearl seems to know much about the scarlet letter on her mother?s bosom, the minister?s hand over his heart, the ends of the old black man, and something more (Zhao Xiong & Wang Zheng 58).
In a word, Pearl is a girl in the flesh in the novel. As a little girl, she is distinct from others not only in appearance and attire, but also in her character. Furthermore, Pearl is not just a girl or a character in the whole story, as Hawthorne endows her with much deep meaning and implication.
3. The symbolic meanings of Pearl
Hawthorne has adopted symbolism as one of his main writing techniques in The Scarlet Letter. The scarlet letter, undoubtedly, is the most obvious and frequently-used symbol of the novel. However, to some extent, Pearl is also a common symbol parallel to the scarlet letter in many ways.
3.1 Pearl as a guilt
Firstly, as the product of Hester and Dimmesdale?s adultery, Pearl brings Hester?s guilt before the public. It is Pearl that makes people find the crime Hester has committed, thus she is a much more vivid symbol and reminder compared to the scarlet letter on Hester?s bosom. She can talk, jump, and keep asking Hester what the scarlet letter A means, which constantly reminds Hester of her guilt (Peng Shiyu 16).
On the other hand, Pearl first appeared as a new-born infant at the start of the story when she was held in her mother?s bosom, the very place the scarlet “A” was embroidered. Hester once tried to cover the scarlet letter by clutching the child fiercely to her breast and gave up realizing the child is just another form of the scarlet letter, “a scarlet letter endowed with life” (Hawthorne 65). In this act Pearl comes to an equal place with the scarlet letter.
Further more, Hester understands fully Pearl?s symbolic meaning and it is she who makes Pearl an obvious symbol of her fault by dressing the little girl delicately and brightly. Hawthorne describes Pearl?s attire several times in the novel, every time he suggests such a dressing way has a deeper meaning. And he finally reveals Hester?s intent in the 6th chapter:
The mother herself—as if the red ignominy were so deeply scorched into
her brain that all her conceptions assumed its form—had carefully
wrought out the similitude, lavishing many hours of morbid ingenuity to
create an analogy between the object of her affection and the emblem of
her guilt and torture. But, in truth, Pearl was the one as well as the other;
and only in consequence of that identity had Hester contrived so perfectly
to represent the scarlet letter in her appearance. (Hawthorne 108)
3.2 Pearl as an ideal life
Apart from a symbol of her mother?s guilt, Pearl also plays a part as a symbol of an ideal life. The keynote, or the general tint of the story is gray and dark. There are only two things distinguishing themselves from such a depressive society by their bright colors—the scarlet letter and Pearl. Though a Puritan, Hawthorne was not so satisfied with the contemporary society composed of Puritan emigrants. As a result, he endows the little girl with many qualities the then Puritans lack—vigor, sincerity, freedom and love (Ren Xiaojin 36). Among all the other characters in the novel, there is no such figure that is as vigorous and free as Pearl. Hester, although making every effort to do people good, has lost all her womanhood after wearing the scarlet letter. The Revered Arthur Dimmesdale, has already spiritually dead the time he hides the guilt in his heart. Let alone Roger Chillingworth, who lost himself and lives in shadow since Hester?s betrayal. The little Pearl, on the other hand, is an innocent and pur e life full of vigor and is the only character with vitality and hope. That?s why, I believe, Hawthorne gives Pearl the best end of all the characters in the novel. She received a very considerable amount of property from old Roger Chillingworth which makes her the richest heiress of her day in the New World, and lives happily in another land.
Pearl is most happy and free when she is in the natural world. Hawthorne is not mean in depicting the pictures of the girl with nature, which are always full of bright hues against other gray and black scenes in the novel. When Pearl is in the garden of the governor?s hall, on the margin of the water, or in the forest, she would fly like a bird, smile like an elf, and decorates herself with weeds and flowers like a little mermaid. In a new society ruled under rigid and inflexible Puritanism, Pearl seems to be an outsider of it. “In giving her existence a great law had been broken” (Hawthorne 132), as a result, the child behaviors against rules and lacks reference as well as adaptation to the world into which she was born. This does not mean the world is all wrong, and the girl falls from the Heaven to save the people, as the comparison the author has made in the market place scene—by contrasting the scene of Hester
holding Pearl and that of Divine Maternity holding Jesus in her arms. Hester Prynne couldn?t possibly be Virgin Mary, neither could Pearl be Jesus to redeem the whole world. But the child, unlike all the other people in her time, is always true, and expresses her thoughts directly. She likes what she likes, and hates what she hates. In this way Pearl is also a symbol of freedom (Su Yuxiao 19).
3.3 Pearl as a truth
The author gives much information about Pearl in Chapter 8, where he shares Hester?s bewilderme nt in the fostering and education of the little girl. The mother senses the precocity and inborn acuteness of Pearl. It is the very acuteness of the girl that brings almost all the truth to readers, and that?s how Pearl plays as an indispensable clue in the plot progressing of the novel.
What is t he first thing Pearl had noticed in her life? It may be the mother?s smile to other babies, but our Pearl is by no means a common infant. “But that first object of which Pearl seemed to become aware was—shall we say it?—the scarlet letter on Hester's bosom!” (Hawthorne 132). What? more, she would grasp at it with a peculiar smile and odd expression of the eyes.
The girl?s childhood life is always with the scarlet letter. She kept asking her mother what the scarlet letter means, but when she was asked back, she seemed to answer to the exact point, as she gives the answer “it is for the same reason that the minister keeps his hand over his heart!” (Hawthorne 135) in answering her mother?s answer why she should wear the letter.
Furthermore, Pearl has a special feeling and dependence on the scarlet letter. She would fling wild flowers at Hester?s bosom, the very place the scarlet letter was wore; she would also make a letter A by eel-grass and wears it on her own bosom. She is so familiar with the letter that when Hester took it from her bosom and threw it away, the girl “burst into a fit of passion, gesticulating violently, and throwing her small figure into the most extravagant contortions. She accompanied this wild outbreak with piercing shrieks” (Hawthorne 255). From this behavior it can be inferred that Pearl holds habitually an intimate feeling towards the scarlet letter. In her little mind, the letter has been a part of her mother, and she should never ever leave it.
Pearl?s acuteness can not only been seen in her attitude towards the scarlet letter, but also her manner to the minister Dimmesdale, her secret father. It may ascribe to the blood bond between the two, or Pearl?s born instinct and acuteness that she kn ows naturally and fuzzily the unusual relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale. Hawthorne depicts several times the manner of Pearl towards Dimmesdale—each is
full of suspect and hostility save the last time. Given the negative answer to her question “Wi lt thou stand here with mother and me, to-morrow noontide?”(Hawthorne 183), the little girl, though as young as 7 years old, answered, “Thou wast not bold!—thou wast not true” (Hawthorne 183), which is exactly one of Hawthorne?s themes in writing this book. This answer of the little 7-year-old girl bears similarity with what has been written in the last conclusion chapter, “Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred!”(Hawthorne 184) Pearl?s hostility towards the minister culminates in the 19th chapter when Dimmesdale kisses her on the brow：
Pearl broke away from her mother, and, running to the brook, stooped
over it, and bathed her forehead, until the unwelcome kiss was quite
washed off and diffused through a long lapse of the gliding water.
(Hawthorne 257)
On the other hand, Pearl again plays as an important role in another impressive scene in the last but one chapter—the revelation of the scarlet letter. The scene that the minister stands upon the scaffold and face the public as well as his own sin, is, doubtlessly the climax of the whole novel. And at this same scene, before the minister breathes his last, Pearl express her love to her sinful father, only once:
Pearl kissed his lips. A spell was broken. The great scene of grief, in
which the wild infant bore a part had developed all her sympathies; and
as her tears fell upon her father's cheek, they were the pledge that she
would grow up amid human joy and sorrow, nor forever do battle with
the world, but be a woman in it. Towards her mother, too, Pearl's errand
as a messenger of anguish was fulfilled. (Hawthorne 312)
Being a messenger of truth, Pearl also feels the malignity of the poor Roger Chillingworth and calls him “old black man”. She told Hester in the 10th chapter: Come away, mother! Come away, or yonder old black man will catch you!
He hath got hold of the minister already. Come away, mother or he will
catch you! But he cannot catch little Pearl! (Hawthorne 162) When all the other town people cannot find Hester?s partner in committing adultery, Pearl, the product of this very sin, knows clearly the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale, the minister?s sin, the leech?s conspiracy and the importance of being true. She is not only a messenger of anguish towards her mother, but also a messenger of truth bringing forth the essence of life to the minister, to the woman, to the old man, and to the readers.
3.4 Pearl as a pearl
Hawthorne has explained the origin of the name Pearl in Chapter 6, “But she named the infant …Pearl? as being of great price—purchased with all she had—her mothe r's only treasure!”(Hawthorne 108) Here the word “pearl” shares a similar meaning with that in the Bible, “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant for fine pearls. When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bough t it”(Matthew 13: 45). Hawthorne must have associated the two together as another evidence can be found in the book—When the government tries to take Pearl from Hester, she defends her child by saying, “God gave me the child! He gave her in requital of al l things else which ye had taken from me” (Hawthorne 125). Therefore, it is easy to infer that Pearl is a really fine pearl worthy an exchange of all her mother has—her reputation, her family, her love, her womanhood. To define it more exactly, Hester purchases Pearl with almost her whole life.
Pearl is truly worthy what Hester has paid for her in that the little girl has done much for her mother and her secret father.
Hawthorne narrates Hester?s fight for her custody right of Pearl in the 7th and 8th chapter, which also manifest the necessity and importance of Pearl to Hester Prynne by the woman?s own word. Much evidence can be found in these two chapters, “Alone in the world, cast off by it, and with this sole treasure to keep her heart alive, she felt that she possessed indefeasible rights against the world, and was ready to defend them to the death”(Hawthorne 127) such is a psychological description of Hester which indicates the vital importance of Pearl to Hester. At the same time, Hester has spoken it out by herself before the governor and the ministers, “She is my happiness—she is my torture, none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me, too! See ye not, she is the scarlet letter, only capable of being loved, and so endowed with a millionfold the power of retribution for my sin? Ye shall not take her! I will die first!” (Hawthorne 127)
It is true. Though Pearl brought Hester?s sin to the public, and made the raising of herself hard for Hester, she is indispensable. It is Pearl that reminds her continually of the sin she has; it is Pearl that makes Hester live her rest life to retribute; it is Pearl that keeps her mother?s soul alive; and it is Peal, again, that preserve her from blacker depths of sin into which Satan might else have sought to plunge her (Zhang Jieming 3).
Being also a daughter of our Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl functions as a reminder to make the man realize his fake and hypocrisy. Pearl keeps asking “Wilt
thou stand here with mother and me, to-morrow noontide?” Until he finally reveals his sin and guilt to the public on the scaffold, he is not liked by his own daughter. Thus we have reason to believe that Pearl plays a part to make Dimmesdale gain courage to reveal himself. The dislike and inquiry of Pearl help Dimmesdale to make the final and difficult decision that he should take off his reverend garment and dispose his scarlet letter.
5. Conclusion
By a luxuriant adoption of symbolism, Hawthorne delivers an important mission to the little girl Pearl—to reveal the truth of the scarlet letter, to help the main characters find the right way to cope with their sins, and to present an ideal woman image—or we?d rather say—an ideal human image in the author?s mind to us, as he has indicates in the book—the unusual infant is a lovely and immortal flower born from sin and ignominy.
Works Cited
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Shanghai: Yilin Press, 2012.
Howe, Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 633.
Wayne, Tiffany. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Facts on File, 2006. 140.
张介明，“珠儿：生命的红字”，《吉首大学学报》1993年第6期，第1-6页。[Zhang Jieming. “Pearl: The Scarlet Letter of Life.”Journal of Jishou University.
6(1993): 1-6.]
王嘉琦，“《红字》中父亲的‘缺席’与珠儿的自我认知”，《文学界》2012年第2期，第145-155页。
[Wang Jiaqi. “The Absence of Father in The Scarlet Letter and the Self-recognition of Pearl.”Literatures. 2(2012): 145-155.]
赵雄、王铮，“《红字》中珠儿的象征与反讽”，《作家杂志》2011年第9期，第58-59页。
[Zhao Xiong & Wang Zheng. “The Symbolism and Sarcasm of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter.”Writers. 9(2011): 58-59.]
彭石玉，“《红字》中的象征主义和道德观”，《文教资料》2006年第6期，第15-17页。
[Peng Shiyu. “The Symbolism and Morality in The Scarlet Letter.”Data of Culture and Education. 6(2006): 15-17.]
任晓晋，“《红字》中象征与原型的模糊性、多义性和矛盾性”，《外国文学研究》2000年第1期，第35-39页。
[Ren Xiaojin. “The Ambiguity, Polysemy and Contradiction of the Symbols and prototypes in The Scarlet Letter.”Foreign Literature Studies. 1(2000): 35-39.]
苏欲晓，“罪与救赎:霍桑《红字》的基督教伦理解读”，《外国文学研究》2007年第4期，第19-22页。
[Su Yuxiao. “Sin and Redemption: Hawthorne?s The Scarlet Letter from a Christian Ethical Perspective.” Foreign Literature Studies. 4(2007): 19-22.]
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿19＿, BETWEEN ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND ＿＿ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of ＿＿ and having its registere d office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of C hina on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: https://www.doczj.com/doc/be9804131.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:
五年级上册成语解释及近义词反义词和造句大全 囫囵吞枣；【解释】：囫囵：整个儿。把枣整个咽下去，不加咀嚼，不辨味道。比喻对事物不加分析考虑。【近义词】：不求甚解【反义词】融会贯穿[造句];学习不能囫囵吞枣而是要精益求精 不求甚解；bùqiúshènjiě【解释】：甚：专门，极。只求明白个大概，不求完全了解。常指学习或研究不认真、不深入【近义词】：囫囵吞枣【反义词】：精益求精 造句；1；在学习上，我们要理解透彻，不能不求甚解 2；学习科学文化知识要刻苦钻研，深入领会，不能粗枝大叶，不求甚解。 千篇一律；【解释】：一千篇文章都一个样。指文章公式化。也比喻办事按一个格式，专门机械。 【近义词】：千人一面、如出一辙【反义词】：千差万别、形形色色 造句；学生旳作文千篇一律，专门少能有篇与众不同旳，这确实是平常旳练习太少了。 倾盆大雨；qīngpéndàyǔ【解释】：雨大得象盆里旳水直往下倒。形容雨大势急。 【近义词】：大雨如柱、大雨滂沱【反义词】：细雨霏霏牛毛细雨 造句；3月旳天说变就变，瞬间下了一场倾盆大雨。今天下了一场倾盆大雨。 坚决果断；áobùyóuyù：意思；做事果断，专门快拿定了主意，一点都不迟疑，形容态度坚决 近义词；不假思索斩钉截铁反义词；犹豫不决 造句；1看到小朋友落水，司马光坚决果断地搬起石头砸缸。2我坚决果断旳承诺了她旳要求。 饥肠辘辘jīchánglùlù【近义词】：饥不择食【反义词】：丰衣足食 造句；1我放学回家已是饥肠辘辘。2那个饥肠辘辘旳小孩差不多两天没吃饭了 滚瓜烂熟gǔnguālànshóu〔shú)【解释】：象从瓜蔓上掉下来旳瓜那样熟。形容读书或背书流利纯熟。【近义词】：倒背如流【反义词】：半生半熟造句；1、这篇课文我们早已背得滚瓜烂熟了 流光溢彩【liúguāngyìcǎi】解释；光影，满溢旳色彩，形容色彩明媚 造句：国庆节，商场里装饰旳流光溢彩。 津津有味；jīnjīnyǒuwèi解释：兴趣浓厚旳模样。指吃得专门有味道或谈得专门有兴趣。 【近义词】：兴致勃勃有滋有味【反义词】：索然无味、枯燥无味 造句；1今天旳晚餐真丰富，小明吃得津津有味。 天长日久；tiānchángrìjiǔ【解释】：时刻长，生活久。【近义词】：天长地久【反义词】：稍纵即逝 造句：小缺点假如不立即改掉, 天长日久就会变成坏适应 如醉如痴rúzuìrúchī【解释】：形容神态失常，失去自制。【近义词】：如梦如醉【反义词】：恍然大悟造句；这么美妙旳音乐，我听得如醉如痴。 浮想联翩【fúxiǎngliánpiān解释】：浮想：飘浮不定旳想象；联翩：鸟飞旳模样，比喻连续不断。指许许多多旳想象不断涌现出来。【近义词】：思绪万千 造句；1他旳话让人浮想联翩。2:这幅画饱含诗情，使人浮想联翩，神游画外，得到美旳享受。 悲欢离合bēihuānlíhé解释；欢乐、离散、聚会。泛指生活中经历旳各种境遇和由此产生旳各种心情【近义词】：酸甜苦辣、喜怒哀乐【反义词】：平淡无奇 造句；1人一辈子即是悲欢离合,总要笑口常开,我们旳生活才阳光明媚. 牵肠挂肚qiānchángguàdù【解释】：牵：拉。形容十分惦念，放心不下 造句；儿行千里母担忧，母亲总是那个为你牵肠挂肚旳人 如饥似渴rújīsìkě：形容要求专门迫切，仿佛饿了急着要吃饭，渴了急着要喝水一样。 造句；我如饥似渴地一口气读完这篇文章。他对知识旳如饥似渴旳态度造就了他今天旳成功。 不言而喻bùyánéryù【解释】：喻：了解，明白。不用说话就能明白。形容道理专门明显。 【近义词】：显而易见【反义词】：扑朔迷离造句；1珍惜时刻，好好学习，那个道理是不言而喻旳 与众不同；yǔzhòngbùtóng【解释】：跟大伙不一样。 〖近义词〗别出心裁〖反义词〗平淡无奇。造句； 1从他与众不同旳解题思路中，看出他专门聪慧。2他是个与众不同旳小孩
品质管理 (be) qualfied, up to grade 合格 模具正式投産前確認 3B 5M Man/Machine/Material/Method/Measurement 人力/ 機器/ 材料/ 方法/ 量測 5S整理/ 整頓/ 清掃/ 清潔/ 教養 5WIH When/Where/Who/What/Why/How to 何時/ 何地/ 誰/ 何事/ 為什麼/ 怎麼做7QCTools7 Quality Controls Tools 品管七大手法 8 disciplines 8項回復內容 abnormal handling 異常處理 ACC Accept 允收 acceptance = receive 驗收 ADM Absolute Dimension Measurement全尺寸測量 AIR Artical Inspection report AOD Accept On Deviation 特采 AOQ Average Output Quality平均出廠品質 AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出廠品質水準 APP Approve 核准,認可,承認 AQL Acceptable Quality Level 允收品質水準 AR Averary Range全距平均值
Bending 軟體導入 C=0 Critical=0 極嚴重不允許 CAR Corrective action request 改正行動要求改正報告 CP capability index 製造能力指數 CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力參數 CR Critical 極嚴重的 defective product/non-good parts 不良品 defective products 不良品 DFR Defect Failure Rate NG Not Good 不良,不合格 No.Number 數(號) OOBA out of box audit 開箱檢查 OQA output quality assurance 出貨品質保證 OQC output quality control 最終出貨品管 ORT On going Reliability Qualit P/O Waive Purchase Order Waive Packing 包裝 PDCA Plan/ Do /Check /Action 計劃/ 執行/ 檢查/ 總結POC passage quality control 段檢人員
英文销售合同_中英文对照销售合同范本英文销售合同_中英文对照销售合同范本(一) SALES CONTRACT 合同编号： Contract NO: 签订地点： Signed at: 签订日期： Date: 买方： The Buyers： 卖方： The Sellers： 双方同意按下列条款由买方售出下列商品：
The Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as set forth below： (1)商品名称、规格及包装 (1)Name of Commodity ,Specifications and Packing (2)数量 (2)Quantity (3)单价 (3)Unit Price (4)总值 (4)Total Value (装运数量允许有 %的增减) (Shipment Quantity %more or less allowed) (5)装运期限：
(5)Time of Shipment： (6)装运口岸： (6)Port of loading： (7)目的口岸： (7)Port of Destination： (8)保险;由方负责，按本合同总值110%投保_____险。 (8)Insurance：To be covered by the___for 110% of the invoice value against_______. (9)付款：凭保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期有电报套汇条款/见票/出票____天期付款信用证，信用证以_____为受益人并允许分批装运和转船。该信用证必须在______前开到卖方，信用证的有效期应为上述装船期后第15天，在中国______到期，否则卖方有权取消本售货合约，不另行通知，并保留因此而发生的一切损失的索赔权。
悲惨的近义词反义词和造句 导读：悲惨的近义词 悲凉(注释:悲哀凄凉：～激越的琴声。) 悲惨的反义词 幸福(注释:个人由于理想的实现或接近而引起的一种内心满足。追求幸福是人们的普遍愿望，但剥削阶级把个人幸福看得高于一切，并把个人幸福建立在被剥削阶级的痛苦之上。无产阶级则把争取广大人民的幸福和实现全人类的解放看作最大的幸福。认为幸福不仅包括物质生活，也包括精神生活;个人幸福依赖集体幸福，集体幸福高于个人幸福;幸福不仅在于享受，而主要在于劳动和创造。) 悲惨造句 1.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命。 2.贝多芬的童年尽管如是悲惨，他对这个时代和消磨这时代的地方，永远保持着一种温柔而凄凉的回忆。 3.卖火柴的小女孩在大年夜里冻死了，那情景十分悲惨。 4.他相信，他们每个人背后都有一个悲惨的故事。 5.在那次悲惨的经历之后，我深信自己绝对不是那种可以离家很远的人。 6.在人生的海洋上，最痛快的事是独断独航，但最悲惨的却是回头无岸。 7.人生是艰苦的。对不甘于平庸凡俗的人那是一场无日无夜的斗
争，往往是悲惨的、没有光华的、没有幸福的，在孤独与静寂中展开的斗争。……他们只能依靠自己，可是有时连最强的人都不免于在苦难中蹉跎。罗曼·罗兰 8.伟大的心胸，应该表现出这样的气概用笑脸来迎接悲惨的厄运，用百倍的勇气来应付开始的不幸。鲁迅人在逆境里比在在顺境里更能坚强不屈。遇厄运时比交好运时容易保全身心。 9.要抓紧时间赶快生活，因为一场莫名其妙的疾病，或者一个意外的悲惨事件，都会使生命中断。奥斯特洛夫斯基。 10.在我一生中最悲惨的一个时期，我曾经有过那类的想法：去年夏天在我回到这儿附近的地方时，这想法还缠着我;可是只有她自己的亲自说明才能使我再接受这可怕的想法。 11.他们说一个悲惨的故事是悲剧，但一千个这样的故事就只是一个统计了。 12.不要向诱惑屈服，而浪费时间去阅读别人悲惨的详细新闻。 13.那起悲惨的事件深深地铭刻在我的记忆中。 14.伟大的心胸，应该用笑脸来迎接悲惨的厄运，用百倍的勇气来应付一切的不幸。 15.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百万个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命。门捷列夫 16.生活需要爱，没有爱，那些受灾的人们生活将永远悲惨;生活需要爱，爱就像调味料，使生活这道菜充满滋味;生活需要爱，爱让生活永远充满光明。
工程施工合同 Contract 合同编号( Contract NO. )： 签订日期( Date )： 发包方（简称甲方） Party A: 承包方（简称乙方）： Party B: 根据《中华人民共和国合同法》以及其他有关法律法规规定的原则，结合本工程的具体情况，甲、乙双方在平等、自愿、协商一致的基础上达成如下协议，共同遵守。 According to “P.R.C Contract Law”,and other relevant laws and regulations to the specific circumstances of this project, parties A and B have hereby equally and voluntarily entered into the following agreement executed on the basis of mutual respect. 1.工程概况 Project overview 1.1工程名称： Project name: 1.2工程地点： Project location: 1.3工程范围： A. 新研发中心和新厂房的网络综合布线系统的施工； B. 数据中心的建设，主要包含：数据中心的装饰工程、电气系统、空调系统、机房闭路监控系统、机房门禁系统、消防系统改造、机柜系统等。 Project contents: A. The new R & D and new plant construction of network cabling systems; B. Data Center, mainly includes: data center decoration and electrical systems, air-conditioning systems, CCTV systems, access control systems, firefighting system reform, server rack systems. 1.4开工条件：合同生效后，甲方预付款到位和现场具备开工条件。 Start conditions: After the commencement of the contract, Party A has started advance and on-site conditions in place.
法律法规中英文名称对照 中华人民共和国宪法修正案AMENDMENT FOURTH TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S R EPUBLIC OF CHINA) 中国银行业监督管理委员会关于中国银行、中国建设银行公司治理改革与监管指引(Guidelines on Corpora te Governance Reforms And Supervision of Bank of China and Construction Bank of China) 外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insu rance Institutions ) 商业银行资本充足率管理办法(Regulation Governing Capital Adequacy of Commercial Banks) 金融机构衍生产品交易业务管理暂行办法(Provisional Administrative Rules Governing Derivatives Activiti es of Financial Institutions) 中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法(Law of the People’s Republic of China on Banking Regulation and Supervision) 境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法(Administrative Rules Governing the Equity Investment in Chinese Financial Institutions by Overseas Financial Institutions ) 汽车金融公司管理办法实施细则(Implementing Rules for the Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company) 汽车金融公司管理办法(Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company ) 新化学物质环境管理办法(Provisions on the Environmental Administration of New Chemical substanc es ) 人民币银行结算账户管理办法(Administrative Rules for RMB Bank Settlement Accounts) 中国人民银行假币收缴、鉴定管理办法(Administrative Rules of the People’s Bank of China for the Sei zure and Verification of Counterfeit Currency) 中华人民共和国中外合作办学条例(Re gulations of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools ) 上海市营业性危险货物道路运输管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods of a Business Nature) 人民币大额和可疑支付交易报告管理办法(Administrative Rules for the Reporting of Large-value and Su spicious RMB Payment Transactions) 上海市新建住宅配套建设与交付使用管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on The Administrati on of All Necessary Accessory Constructions of Newly Built Residences and Making Newly Built Reside nces Available to Users ) 上海市公共信息图形标志标准化管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration o
国际贸易合同协议书样本中英文对照 文件编号TT-00-PPS-GGB-USP-UYY-0089
CONTRACT NO.: DATE: THE BUYERS: ADDRESS : TEL: FAX: THE SELLERS: ADDRESS: TEL: FAX: This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 买方与卖方就以下条款达成协议： 1. COMMODITY: 2. COUNTRY AND MANUFACTURERS: 原产国及造商： 3. PACKING: To be packed in standard airway packing. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage of the commodity and expenses incurred on account of improper packing and for any rust attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the sellers in regard to the
缩写英文对照中文术语 8D 8 Disciplines Of Solving Problem 解决问题8步法 AC./RE. Acceptable / Rejective 允收/拒收 AQL Acceptable Quallity Level 允收水准 ABB Activity-Based Budgeting 实施作业制预算制度 ABC Activity-Based Costing 作业制成本制度 ABM Activity-Based Mangement 作业制成本管理 APS Advanced Planning And Scheduling 应用程式服务供应商APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning 先期产品品质规划ANOVA Analysis Of Variance 方差分析 AAR Appearance Approval Report 外观承认报告 AC Appraisal Cost 鉴定成本 ASL Approved Suplier List 合格供应商清单 AVL Approved Vendor List 认可的供应商清单 ATP Available To Promise 可承诺量 BSC Balanced Score Card 平衡记分卡
BOM Bill Of Material 材料明细 BTF Build To Forecarst 计划生产 BTO Build To Order 订单生产 BPR Business Process Reengineering 企业流程再造 CPK Capability Of Process 修正过程能力指数 Ca. Capability Of Accuraty 精确度指数 Cp. Capability Of Precesion 精密度指数 CRP Capacity Requirement Planning 产能需求规划 C. OF C. Certificate Of Compliance （质量）承诺证明书CEO Chief Excutive Officer 执行总裁 CQC Companywide Quality Control 全公司范围的品质管理CPM Complaint Per Illion 每百万报怨次 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计 CTO Configuration To Order 客制化生产 CRC Contract Review Committee 合同评审委员会 CIF Cost Inusance And Freight 到岸价格
YOUR LOGO 英文购销合同_中英文对照购销 合同范本(2021版) When concluding a contract, the parties of the contract purpose should be determined. The conclusion and performance of contracts are also human behavior.
专业合同系列，下载即可用 英文购销合同_中英文对照购销合同 范本(2021版) 导语：合同目的具有确定性。一般情况下，在订立合同时，当事人的合同目的应该是确定的。从严格意义而言，任何人的行为都是有目的的。合同的订立和履行也属于人的行为，而且是比较正式的行为，所以更应该具有一定的具体目的。因此，对于特定的合同当事人，其合同目的是确定的。 英文购销合同_中英文对照购销合同范本(一) Buyer: 买方： Add.: 地址： Seller: 卖方： Add.: 地址： This purchase contract (hereafter abbreviated “contract”) is signed by and between the Buyer and the Seller upon equal negotiations based on the Contract Law of P..R .China and other relevant laws and regulations.. Both parties agree to sell and buy goods on following terms and conditions. 此销售合同(以下简称“合同”)根据 >及相关法律法规并经由买卖双方经平等协商后共同签定，买方与卖方均同意以下条款和条件购买和出售货物。 1. COMMODITY NAME品名：Work glves 劳保手套
知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句 本文是关于知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句，感谢您的阅读！ 知己的近义词反义词及知己的造句知己 基本解释：顾名思义是了解、理解、赏识自己的人，如"知己知彼，百战不殆";更常指懂你自己的挚友或密友，它是一生难求的朋友，友情的最高境界。正所谓:"士为知己者死"。 1.谓了解、理解、赏识、懂自己。 2.彼此相知而情谊深切的人。 【知己近义词】 亲信，好友，密友，心腹，挚友，深交，相知，知交，知友，知心，知音，石友，老友，至友 【知己反义词】 仇人敌人陌路 【知己造句】 1、我们想要被人爱、想拥有知己、想历经欢乐、想要安全感。 2、朋友本应是我们的亲密知己和支持者，但对于大多数人来说，有一些朋友比起帮助我们，更多的却是阻碍。 3、那么，为什么你就认为，随着年龄的增长，比起女人来男人们的知己和丰富的人际关系更少，因此一般容易更孤独呢？ 4、他成了我的朋友、我的知己、我的顾问。 5、无论在我当州长还是总统的时候，布鲁斯都是我的密友、顾问和知己。他这样的朋友人人需要，也是所有总统必须拥有的。
6、波兰斯基有着一段声名卓著的电影生涯，也是几乎所有电影界重要人物们的挚友和同事，他们是知己，是亲密的伙伴。 7、搜索引擎变成了可以帮追我们的忏悔室，知己，信得过的朋友。 8、这样看来，奥巴马国家安全团队中最具影响力的当属盖茨了――但他却是共和党人，他不会就五角大楼以外问题发表看法或成为总统知己。 9、我们的关系在二十年前就已经和平的结束了，但在网上，我又一次成为了他精神层面上的评论家，拉拉队，以及红颜知己。 10、这位“知己”，作为拍摄者，站在距离电视屏幕几英尺的地方对比着自己年轻版的形象。 11、父亲与儿子相互被形容为对方的政治扩音筒、知己和后援。 12、这对夫妻几乎没有什么至交或知己依然在世，而他们在后纳粹时期的德国也不可能会说出实话的。 13、她把我当作知己，于是，我便将她和情人之间的争吵了解得一清二楚。 14、有一种友谊不低于爱情；关系不属于暖昧；倾诉一直推心置腹；结局总是难成眷属；这就是知己！ 15、把你的治疗师当做是可以分享一切心事的知己。 16、莉莉安对我敞开心胸，我成了她的知己。 17、据盖洛普民意调查显示，在那些自我认同的保守党人中，尽管布什仍维持72%支持率，但他在共和党领导层中似乎很少有几位知
采购合同 (Purchasing Contract) 合同编号(Contract NO.)： 合同签订地点(Signed At)：东营 签订时间(Date)：年月日出卖人(Seller)： 买受人(Buyer)： 鉴于：根据【中华人民共和国合同法】及相关法律法规，本着平等自愿、等价有偿、诚实诚信的原则，经双方协商一致，订立本合同。 According to the Contract law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations,we conclude the contract on the basis of equality, voluntariness,compensation of equal value and sincerity. 第一条标的、数量、价款及交（提）货时间 Item 1 (object)Quantity Price and Delivery time 物资编码名称及规格型号Commodity code and type 生产厂家 Manufacture r 计量单位 Unit 数量 Quantity 单价（元） Unit Price 总金额（元） Total Amount 备注 Note 不含税总金额（人民币） Total Amount (V AT excluded) 交提货时间、数量：年月日至年月日全部交货。 Delivery time: From to 第二条质量标准：标准代号、编号和标准名称：GB150-98. Item 2 Quality standard: standard code,serial number and standard name:GB150-98. 第三条出卖人对质量负责的条件及期限 Item 3 Conditions and time limits that Sellers shall be held responsibility for 1. 质量负责条件和期限按正常运行12个月止执行。 1. Quality responsible conditions and time limits shall not be valid until the product has been functioning properly for 12 months 2. 出卖人对标的物的质量负责，产品均附质检报告单，质量保证书。如果出卖人知道或 者应当知道所处卖产品存在质量缺陷，所承担的质量保证期限不受前款质量负责期限的约束，应依法承担相应责任。 2. Sellers shall be responsible for the quality of the marks.The products should include the Quality Inspection Report and Quality Guarantee.If the sellers know or should know the products they sell with defects in quality,the quality assurance time limits should not be subject to the previous quality responsibility deadline and they should be held due responsibility for it. 第四条包装标准：标准包装，产品所需包装由出卖人合理包装，适合水运和长途内陆运输，防潮，防湿，防锈，防震。 Item 4 Packaging standard: Standard packaging, the sellers should package the products properly, it should be suitable for shipment and long distance inland transportation. The packaging of the products should be resistant of dampness, moisture, rust and shock. 第五条随机的必备品、配件、技术资料、工具数量及供应方法：随设备交货一起交齐。 Item 5 The accompanied necessary materia l, accessories, technical information ,quantity of
房屋租赁合同LEASE CONTRACT-中英文对照 发布时间：2010-12-19 11:18:55 http: 本合同双方当事人 出租方（甲方）： 承租方（乙方）： 根据国家有关法律、法规和本市有关规定，甲、乙双方在平等自愿的基础上，经友好协商一致，就甲方将其合法拥有的房屋出租给乙方使用，乙方承租使用甲方房屋事宜，订立本合同。 一、建物地址 甲方将其所有的位于上海市区的房屋及其附属设施在良好状态下出租给乙方使用。 LEASE CONTRACT Lessor （hereinafter referred to as Party A）： Lessee （hereinafter referred to as Party B）： Party A and B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude thefollowing contract. 1.Location of the premises Party A will lease to Party B the premises and attached facilities owned by itself which is located at and in good condition for .
二、房屋面积 出租房屋的登记面积为平方米（建筑面积）。 三、租赁期限 租赁期限自____年__月__日起至____年__月__日止，为期年，甲方应于年月日将房屋腾空并交付乙方使用。 2.Size of the premises The registered size of the leased premises is __squaremeters （Gross size）。 3.Lease term The lease termwill be from（month）（day）（year） to_（month）___（day）___（year）。Party A will clear the premises and provide it to Party B for use before ___（month） ___（day）___（year）。 四、租金 1.数额： 双方商定租金为每月___元整（含管理费）。乙方以___形式支付给甲方. 2.租金按___月为壹期支付；第一期租金于___年___月___日以前付清；以后每期租金于每月的___日以前缴纳，先付后住（若乙方以汇款形式支付租金，则以汇出日为支付日，汇费由汇出方承担）；甲方收到租金后予书面签收。 3.如乙方逾期支付租金超过七天，则每天以月租金的 0.3％支付滞纳金；如乙方逾期支付租金超过十天，则视为乙方自动退租，构成违约，甲方有权收回房屋，并追究乙方违约责任。 4.Rental
AMCHAM INDONESIA World Trade Center, 11th Floor Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav. 29-31, Jakarta 12920, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) 526-2860 Fax: (62-21) 526-2861 Email: info@amcham.or.id Website: www.amcham.or.id Clarification Brief/Working Paper Environmental Laws and Regulations Issue Summary Producing and distributing goods and services in an environmentally responsible manner is the primary objective of U.S. companies operating in Indonesia. American companies have a track record in effectively operating in complex and diverse regulatory environments and take pride in such leadership roles. Over the last 18 months, the Indonesian parliament has enacted several laws that impact how companies’ environmental performance shall be characterized, monitored and managed by regulatory bodies at the national, provincial and municipal levels. These laws, although good in their intent, raise a number of questions regarding their interpretation and implementation. The passing of Law 32/2009 (Environmental Protection and Management) and Law 18/2008 (Municipal Waste Management Act) brings about a number of implementing regulations, which are expected to provide guidance and clarity. This Clarification Brief/Working Paper (CB/WP) seeks clarification on the timing and format of consultation related to implementing regulations for Laws 32/2009 and 18/2008. More importantly, this CB/WP suggests clarification points to be inserted into such consultations, so key stakeholders engage in fruitful discussions that contribute to a greater understanding of and compliance with the law. Since AmCham represents a broad scope of industry sectors, the organization looks forward to the opportunity for engagement to ensure stakeholder concerns are considered. Objective In an effort to find a balance between environmental and social responsibility, economic development and operational efficiency, and under the provisions set forth by Law 32/2009 and Law 18/2008, AmCham seeks to work with the Indonesian government and other key stakeholders to develop a set of implementing regulations that support the intent of these laws within proposed guiding principles and objectives. Ultimately, AmCham seeks to contribute to regulations that promote clarity, transparency, consistency, efficiency and competitiveness. Position AmCham expresses the following concerns and hopes to work closely with relevant government authorities to address these concerns during development of the respective implementing regulations: