科技英语翻译篇章
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1.In the １００eleｍents ａvailable ｔo us, ａbout three quａrteｒs ｃaｎbe clａ
ssified as metａls．Anｄ, abｏut hａlf oｆｔhｅse are of at leaｓｔsomeｉndustri ａl ｏr ｃommerｃial importａｎcｅ. Meｔals, be tｈｅy pｕｒe or alloy, cａn ｂe ｆurｔheｒｄefined ａs being ferｒous or nonfeｒrｏus iｎmake up. Ferrouｓalｌoys ａre ｔhｏse ｉn ｗhｉcｈthe basｅoｒｐrimａry metal iｓiron，mangａnｅsｅ, ｃhｒｏｍiuｍ. Alｌotｈer meｔａllｉｃmaterialｓautｏｍatiｃaｌlｙｆaｌl into the ｎoｎ-ｆerrous cateｇory(范畴).
在人类可获得的一百多种元素中，约四分之三是金属。而这些金属中又大约有一半至少在工业或商业上具有一定的重要性。所有的金属,不管是纯金属还是合金,都能根据成分进一步分成黑色金属或有色金属。黑色金属主要是以铁、锰、铬为主要成分的合金,其余金属材料自然都属于有色金属的范畴。
2.Dｉreｃｔｒeductioｎofｆｅrs a numbｅr ｏf aｄｖanｔａgｅs iｎclｕding ｌow
ｉnvestment exｐenditure and the use ｏf cｈeａｐprimａｒy eneｒgｙinstead of coｋe. Cｏnｓequentｌy, this teｃhnique ofｆｅrｓmay deveｌｏｐiｎg couｎtries ｔh ｅpossibｉlity of buildｉng up a natｉoｎal steel induｓtry. Iｎfacｔ, ｄｉｒｅct rｅductｉｏn combｉned witｈelectric arc fｕrｎacｅmust in fｕtuｒeｂｅconｓiｄered aｍoｎg thｅimpｏrtant steｅl produｃｔioｎtｅcｈniques aｌｏngsidｅｔhe blａｓt ｆuｒnａce aｎd oxygeｎconveｒter ｔechｎiｑue.
直接还原法具有一些优点,包括低投资成本和使用廉价的原始的能源代替焦炭，所以这种技术为许多发展中国家提供了建设国家钢铁工业的可能性。事实上,与电弧炉结合,直接还原在今后与高炉和吹氧转炉技术一样一定会成为重要的钢铁生产技术。
3.In Ｓepteｍber20０４, the Naｔｉｏｎａl Ｃancｅr Inｓｔｉtuｔｅaｎnounｃed aｎ
initiａtive to brｉｎg neｗblood to an old and dｅｓpｅrate fｉghｔ. Caｌled tｈeＮCI Alliance fｏｒＮanotechnoloｇｙin caｎcer, the inｉtiativｅwilｌｗager $1４4.３ｍillｉoｎｏver the ｎｅｘｔ 5 years tｈaｔnａnoｔechnologｙwiｌｌｏpen enｔirely new aｎd effecｔive ｓtraｔeｇieｓｆｏｒｄiagnｏsing and treaｔing ｃanｃer.
It’s a well－fundeｄsiｇn thａt ｅxpectatｉons fｏr nanotech solutions to canceｒexte ｎd to the ｈｉｇｈesｔｇｏvernmentaｌｌｅvels, and it ｃomｅsａｔaｔimｅwｈｅｎthe bａｔｔle agaiｎst the ｄｉｓeaｓｅｓeems to be at a standstill. Unlｉｋｅdeath ｒates fｏｒheaｒｔdiseasｅaｎd ｓtrｏke, ｗhich hａvｅdecｌined ｄｒａｓticａlly，ｃancer mortａlity haｓn’t chａngedｓince ｔhe１９5０s.
２０04年9月，美国国家癌症研究所宣布了一项重大举措，给这场古老而顽强的抗癌之
战注入了新的活力。这个被称为国家癌症研究所癌症纳米技术联盟的行动将在未来5年投资１.443亿美元促使纳米技术开辟一个全新、有效的诊断及治疗癌症的途径。这是一个资金雄厚的标志，也显示人们对纳米技术治疗癌症的关注程度已经上升到最高层的政府层面。在抗击癌症之战几乎陷入停顿之时，它来的正是时候。与近来死亡率处于下降趋势的心脏病和中风不同，自从20世纪５0年代起，癌症的死亡率就一直居高不下。
4.THＥEuropean Ceｎtral Baｎｋ(ECB)decｉded ａｙear aｇo to hｏld thｉs week’s
monetary-poｌicy meetiｎg iｎＢａrｃelona, bｕｔｔhe tiｍing turned ouｔｔo ｂ
e perfect. Spaiｎｉs in ｔhe cｒosshairs o
f thｅmaｒkets，nｏt leaｓｔｂecauseｏf
ｂｕdgｅｔarｙoｖerrunｓby reｇional gｏｖernmentｓsｕch as Catalonｉa’s．Ａn ｄtｈe contraｓtｉng ecｏnomic forｔunes oｆｂeａtｅｎ-uｐSpain, ｗｈｅre ｔｈe joｂless rａte haｓｒeａcheｄ２4％，and ｒesiｌiｅnt Germａny, ｗhｅrｅiｔｉs below 6％, exemplifｙthｅdiffｉｃuｌty ｏf findinｇthe right monｅtary pｏl ｉcｙｉｎaｃurrｅncy unｉon ｏf 1７ｍembers．
欧洲中央银行（ＥCB）早在一年前就决定了将于本周在巴塞罗那召开货币政策会议，现今看来,会议召开的恰是时候。现在的西班牙正处在市场的风口浪尖，特别是因为加泰罗尼亚等自治区政府的预算超支才导致了西班牙到了这般田地。同德国相比,西班牙经济死气沉沉,失业率飙升至24%;德国经济稳步反弹,失业率则低于６%。如此鲜明的对比恰也印证了，在这个由17名成员组成的货币区内制定出一项正确的货币政策确实不易。
5.This study invｅstigates the ｐoｔｅｎtial dｉｆferｅncesｂetｗeen Aｍeｒｉcaｎan
ｄJoｒdａnian undergrａduａtｅsｔｕdeｎts’ aｐology ｓｔrateｇｉes. Ｉt atteｍpts ｔo bｒiｄge the exiｓting gap iｎｔhe lｉteratｕre sincｅtheｒeａre only few studiｅs ｗhich dｉscusｓJordanian aｐology strａtegies and ｆｅweｒｔｈaｔｃomｐare tｈeｍtｏtheｉr Ａmericanｃoｕntｅrpartｓ.Noｔoｎlｙｄo ｔｈeａuthorｓtabuｌａｔe and comｐａre the stｒategies uｓｅd by tｈe two group ｓ，as welｌａs ｔhｅmａleａnd fｅmale respondenｔs in each grｏuｐ, but tｈey also exaｍinｅthe poｔenｔiａlｄifferences iｎｔhｅuse of theseｓtrategｉeｓ.
本研究调查了美国大学生和约旦大学生道歉策略潜在的不同,鉴于讨论约旦人道歉策略的文献几乎没有，而且将之与美国大学生道歉策略进行对比的文献也为数不多，本研究试图缩小这一差距。作者不仅用表列出了两组研究对象所使用的道歉策略，对组间和组内男女调查对象进行了对比,还考察了这些策略使用上潜在的差异。
6.Yｅｔｔheｒｅａre cleaｒly sｏｍe very real isｓｕes that need ｔo bｅ resolveｄ． Liｋ
e any nｅw produｃt
enteｒｉｎg ｔhe food ｃhain，ｇenetically modifiｅd foods muｓt ｂe subｊｅcｔeｄ to ｒigorｏuｓ testing． In weaｌthｙ counｔrｉes， the ｄｅbate about ｂｉoｔｅｃh ｉs ｔｅmｐereｄｂｙ tｈｅｆacｔｔhat we ｈavｅ a rｉch arｒay of fooｄｓ tｏ choose froｍ -－aｎｄａ supply that fａｒｅxceedｓ oｕr nｅｅｄs. In ｄeveloping countｒieｓdｅｓperate to feｅｄ faｓt-growing and unｄｅrfｅd ｐｏpulａｔｉoｎｓ； the iｓｓue is ｓim ｐler ａｎd ｍuch mｏre ｕrgent: Do tｈｅ benｅｆits of ｂiotech outweigh ｔhｅ rｉｓks?
但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样,转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里,由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求,所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 7.Thｅ stａtisticｓ on popｕlaｔｉoｎ growth aｎｄ huｎgeｒ arｅｄiｓturbing. Ｌast ｙｅ
ar the wｏrld's poｐulatｉoｎｒeａched ６ bilｌiｏn．Ａnd by 2050, the ＵN estimate ｓ，ｉｔ will ｐｒobａblｙ near 9 billiｏn. Alｍost all that ｇrowtｈ wｉｌl ｏccur ｉn dev ｅloping ｃｏｕｎtries. Ａt tｈe ｓａmｅ time, the ｗｏrlｄ's aｖailable ｃuｌtｉｖabl ｅ lanｄ peｒ person ｉs dｅclining. Ａrabｌe lａnｄ haｓ dｅcｌiｎed sｔeadily ｓince 1960 and wｉｌｌｄｅcease by halｆ over thｅ next 50 ｙeaｒs, aｃcｏrdiｎg to tｈ
e Inｔernatｉonal Sｅrviｃe fｏr ｔhe Acqｕisitioｎ oｆAgri-Bｉotｅch Aｐpｌ
ｉcations (ＩSAAＡ）.
关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了６０亿。联合国预测，到205０年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物技术应用服务中心(ISＡAA)称,自１9６0年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降,并将在今后５0年减少一半。
8.By thｅbｅginnｉｎｇoｆlaｓt centｕry a suｂstantial ｂody oｆｅｖidｅncｅ
had beeｎａccｕmuｌａted ｉn ｓｕｐport ｏｆthe ｉdea thａt the chemｉcal elementｓｃonｓist of atoms．
到上世纪初，已积累了大量的证据来支持这样的观点：化学元素是由原子构成的。
The ｎew sｈip was ｄesigｎed iｎaccordanｃe ｗｉth tｈe most modern ｔｅchnｏlogy and built wｉｔh parｔiｃuｌarly advaｎced techniｑｕes. Ｔhe whole processｏf desiｇn ｗas checkｅd by ｃompuｔerｔｏeｎsure that the higｈstrｅngth reqｕiremｅnｔｓagainｓtｕnderｗaｔer exｐlosiｏns ｗｅreｍet.
新的舰船是按照最现代化的技术设计,并采用特别先进的方法建造的。整个设计过程通过计算机的检查,以保证满足防止水下爆炸所需要的高强度要求。
9.Over the paｓt siｘtｙyearｓthｅｂlａsｔｆｕrｎａcｅprocess hasｍade tｒ
emendoｕs ｐrｏｇｒesｓanｄatｔａined ｒemａrkable perｆorｍanceｓ. Neverｔheless, thｅblaｓt furｎacｅis ｔoday sｔｒｏｎgly cｈalｌｅngｅd by ｓome ｎew processeｓwhich should rｅｓpoｎｄｔo thｅobjectives of ｐrodｕcｉng mｅtａｌlic iron dirｅcｔｌy froｍｏrｅｆines and from non ｃoｋinｇcoals withｏut poｌlutinｇthｅeｎviｒonmｅｎt. Ｔhese new prｏｃesses aｒe maiｎlｙdirecｔreｄucｔioｎand ｓｍeｌｔing ｒｅｄuctｉon.
在过去的6０多年里,高炉工艺取得了巨大的进步并获得了显著的成就。然而，如今高炉正受到一些新工艺的强烈挑战，这些新工艺应对了（实现了)在不污染环境的条件下从矿粉和非焦煤中直接生产铁的要求(目标）。这些新工艺主要包括直接还原和熔融还原。
＊Betwｅen １９9３and 19９７the researｃｈeｒs quesｔｉｏneｄ20,0０0 he ａlthy Britiｓh meｎand wｏｍen aｂｏｕt their lifestｙleｓ. Ｔhey also testeｄeｖery pａrticipant＇ｓｂlood tｏmeasurｅｖiｔamｉn C ｉntakｅ, ａn indicａｔor of hoｗmｕcｈｆruit anｄvｅgetablｅs ｐeoｐle ate.
Thenｔｈｅy assigｎed ｔｈe paｒtiｃipanｔｓ-- aｇed 45-79 -－a scoｒe of between 0 anｄ4, giving one poiｎｔfor each ｏf the healｔhｙbehａviors．After alloｗinｇfoｒａge ａndｏther ｆａctors that coｕld affeｃt the likｅli ｈｏoｄof dyiｎg, the reseaｒchersｄeｔerminｅd ｐeｏplｅｗitｈａscore of 0ｗereｆoｕr tiｍeｓaｓliｋelyｔo havｅdied, ｐａrtｉcularly from cardiovasｃul ａr diseａse．
Tｈｅreｓearchers,wｈo ｔraｃked dｅａths amonｇthe participants untｉl 2006,also said a pｅrｓon witｈa healｔh scｏre ｏf ０had tｈe ｓame rｉｓk of ｄyｉng asｓomeone with a health sｃore of 4 who wａｓ１4 years olｄer.
The liｆesｔyle ｃｈange with ｔhｅbｉggest ｂeｎｅｆit was gｉvｉｎg up sm ｏkinｇ，whiｃh ｌed to an 80 percent iｍprovement in hｅalｔh, thｅsｔｕｄy foｕｎd.Thiｓwas folｌowｅd bｙｅatｉng ｆｒuｉtｓand ｖegｅtables.
Moｄerate drinkiｎg ａnd keeping acｔivｅｂrought the same bｅｎefits,Kay－Ｔ
ｅe Kｈaw anｄcolleagues at tｈe Ｕnｉveｒsity ｏｆCamｂriｄge and tｈe Medｉcal Researｃh Coｕnｃｉl said．
"Ａrmed with ｔhis ｉnforｍatioｎ, puｂliｃ-ｈeaｌth offｉcｉaｌs ｓhoｕld now ｂe in
a better pｏsｉtion to ｅncourageｂｅｈaviｏr cｈａｎgｅs ｌiｋeｌy tｏｉmprove
ｔhe ｈealth ｏf midｄle-aｇed and oldeｒpｅople," ｔhｅreseａrchers wrotｅ．
１993年至１9９7年间,研究人员对英国２万名身体健康的男性和女性的生活习惯进行了调查，他们还检测了每名研究对象血液中的维生素Ｃ含量。维生素C能够衡量人们的水果和蔬菜摄入量。之后,研究人员给每位研究对象打分，分值范围为0分到4分，每一种健康习惯得１分。研究对象的年龄在４5岁至79岁之间。在综合考虑年龄及其它可能影响寿命的因素后,研究人员得出结论：得分为0分的研究对象死亡的风险为其他人的四倍,这些人尤其容易死于心血管疾病。此外，健康得分为0分的研究对象的死亡风险与比他们大１4岁、健康得分为4分的人相同。研究人员对研究对象死亡情况的调查一直持续到2０06年。研究发现,最有益于健康的生活方式的改变是戒烟,戒烟后的健康状况能改善８0％。
其次是吃水果和蔬菜。剑桥大学及医学研究学会的Kay-Tee Kｈａw及其同事们称,适度饮酒和锻炼身体带来的益处相同。
10.Sｃｉｅｎｔistｓhavｅdisｃoｖｅred how tｏｅdｉt DNA to reｐair ＇brokeｎ
genes'to cureｉncｕrable diｓeaｓｅs －anｄpotｅntially ｅxteｎd hｕmａn lifespan．Uｎtｉl nｏw, iｔhaｓnot ｂeｅn possibｌe to alter ｇenes inｔhｅbrain，ｈeaｒt, lｉver and eyes -thｅrｏoｔoｆmaｎｙｄebiliｔating iｌｌnesｓes. Sｉnce the cｅllｓiｎthese vital organs ｔｅnd nｏt to divide, ｉt is dｉffｉcu ｌｔｔo gaｉn access ｔｏmake changｅｓ.Howｅver，resｅarcheｒs at the Sa ｌk Ｉnstitutｅｃｌaim to have laｎded on'the holy ｇraiｌｏf ｇeｎe edｉting', which can deｌｉcatelｙand smｏoｔhｌy cut through DNＡ.So ｆａr ｔhｅteｃh ｎique, caｌｌed HITＩ, has beｅn ｕsｅｄtｏsucｃｅssfulｌy resｔoｒe bｌｉndｎess ｉn ｌab micｅ. Ｌead researcｈer Ｐｒofesｓor Juan Cａｒlｏs Izｐｉsｕa Belｍｏn ｔe insistｓthat iｓnothｉｎgｃoｍpａred to tｈe changｅs the technique couｌd haｖe in tｈe decades ｔo come．“Ｗｅａrｅvery exｃited by the ｔechｎologｙwe discoveｒeｄbecause it's something ｔｈat coulｄｎot be done ｂeｆｏre,”DｒBel ｍontｅsaiｄ. “Fｏr the ｆirst tｉｍｅ，weｃａｎｅｎter intｏceｌlｓtｈat
do not ｄividｅand ｍoｄify the ＤNA at wiｌl. Ｔhe ｐoｓsｉbｌｅａpｐlｉcaｔions ｏf ｔhｉs dｉｓcｏveｒy are ｖasｔ.” Ｎｅws oｆthｅｄiscovery comes a day aｆter Chiｎese sｃienｔｉｓｔｓｓuccessfully ｔeｓtｅd a similaｒDNＡ-modｉｆying technique, ｋnown as CRISPR. Tｏdate，CRＩSPＲｈasｂｅen tｈe mostｅffective mｅthod ｆｏr dividing cellｓiｎlarge orgａns like ｔhｅskin or ｔheｇｕt.
科学家已经发现如何通过编辑ＤNA来修复“受损基因”，从而治愈绝症并有可能延长人类寿命。目前为止，人们还无法改变人体大脑、心脏、肝脏和眼睛的基因，而这正是许多使人衰弱的疾病根源。由于这些重要器官的细胞往往不能分裂,因此很难做任何改变。
然而,索尔克研究所(Sａｌｋ Inｓtitutｅ）的研究人员声称,他们已经捧得“基因编辑的圣杯”,可以精准而顺畅地切断DNA。这种技术被称为ＨITI,目前已经成功应用于失明的试验小鼠身上。该研究领头人胡安．卡洛斯.依思皮舒.贝尔蒙特（JuaｎCarｌos Ｉｚｐisu ａBｅｌmoｎte)
教授认为,这项技术在未来几十年将带来无可比拟的改变。贝尔蒙特教授表示,“发现这项技术让我们感到非常兴奋,因为这在以前是无法做到的。”“人类首次攻入了不能分裂的细胞，并随意修改其DNＡ。这一发现具有巨大的可用价值。”该发现公布前一天，中国科学家成功测试了一种类似的DNA改造技术，被称为CRISＰR。对皮肤、肠道等较大的器官来说，ＣRISＰR是迄今为止最有效的分裂细胞的方法。
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
科技英语翻译联系200句 1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 10.Every crane has a certain hitting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons. 每台起重机均有一定的起重力（量），该起重力（量）从几吨到几百吨不等。 11.The best solution is continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmousphere. 最好的方法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染物。 12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 13.It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes. 正是因为这些缺点需要消除，才导致了对新方法的探求。 14.Real-time systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible break down of computer. 实时系统往往需要特别小心，以防止计算机可能发生故障。 15.The steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine. 蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火，而不是发动机里边的火。 16.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。17.Our primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner. 我们研究疲劳的主要目的在于了解产生失效的原因，以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。 18.This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. 这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。 19.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 并非所有的金属的导电性能都同样好。20.It means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth. 这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。 21.Inspection programs help to determine when to replace parts. 检验计划有助于确定更换零件的时间。