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汉译英翻译练习本

汉译英翻译练习本
汉译英翻译练习本

商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,所涉及的专业范围很广,并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识,为了提高翻译质量,翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件。

第一,翻译者的汉语功底要好。很多人往往忽视这一点,认为汉语是自己的母语,凭着自己原来的底子应付翻译中的问题,是绰绰有余的。然而在真正的翻译过程中,为了一个词语或者一个句型,冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。有时好不容易想出来了也觉得不够理想。由此可见,汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语,打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。

第二,英语语言能力要强。全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量,而没有较好的英语语法知识。翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出,而且牛头不对马嘴。因此我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文句子理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。

第三,知识面要广。商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点,就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。

一、一词多义

同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子:

1.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade.

他们生意信誉已荡然无存。

2.They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London.

他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。

以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。

二、词类转译

词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。

1.名词与动词的互相转译:

Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs.

交关税前,进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制,只有用名词形式,但译成汉语时,"payment"译作“交”)

2 . 介词与动词的互相转译:在许多场合下,介词转译成动词时,需要依据上下文进行引申,具体地进行翻译。如:

We should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements.

建议你方与他们取得联系,洽购所需商品。

三、词义引伸

在商务英语翻译中,有时会遇到某些词在词典上难以找到贴切具体上下文词义,如生搬硬套,译文往往语意不清,甚至导致误解。在这种情况下,需要根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词固有基本含义出发,进一步加以引伸。例如:

The arrivals do not conform to the sample.

如果将arrival这个词的词义直接放入译文,显然不能正确表达原文的意义,所以需要进一步的引申。

四、词量增减

在商务英语翻译实践中,词量增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。翻译过程中要根据原文上下文意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时有时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着词。

1.增词

根据具体上下文,整理提供可增加动词、形容词、名词或别词类,但在什么时候增加什么样词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要在长期的翻译过程中实践和积累。如:

All cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.

所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词)

2.减词

减词译法可以使译文言简意赅,改变翻译中逐字翻译作造成的累赘、拖沓或不符合行文习惯,甚至产生歧义的现象。如:

On condition that you sign this receipt, I will pay the money.

你在收据上签字,我就付款。

原文】正如合同中具体订明,有关信用证必须于装货月前15天到达卖方,也就是说,5月份装运的货物的信用证必须不迟于4月15日到达我方手中。

【译文】As specifically stipulated in the contract,the relevant L/C shall reach the seller 15 days before the month of shipment,that is,the L/C covering the goods to be shipped in May shall reach us no later than April 15.

【点评】本例因为涉及合同,因此语体正式,具有较强烈的规定性(prescriptiveness)和强制性(coerciveness)。译文通过使用合同用语、商务术语和表达强烈义务的情态动词“shall”,准确地传达了原文的规定性含义。注意“shall”一词常用于合同协议类准法律文件中,与“may”相对,前者规定合同双方或一方应履行的义务,后者表达合同双方或一方可以享受的权利。权利可以放弃,但义务必须履行。译文以“shall”译“必须”,精确地译出了原文的强制性

【译文】公共关系的目的是为了对公众舆论产生影响,为某一单位树立良好的形象和声誉;建立良好的、有效的公共关系是一种长期行为,这种行为有助于在一个单位和它的公众群体之间形成良好的关系。

【原文】The purpose of public relations is to influence public opinion toward building goodwill and positive reputation for the organization, and well-executed public relations is a long-term activity that molds good relationships between an organization and its publics.

【点评】关系代词that在定语从句中同时充当主语,其先行词是前面的a long-term activity。这里有两种翻译方法,一是将其翻译成“它”,二是将其翻译成“这种行为”。但若将其翻译成“它”则指代不明,有可能被误解为指代前面所提到的“目的”、“公共关系”、“影响”、“声誉”等概念,因此,译为“这种行为”,使意思更明确。

【译文】在过去的十年间,对等贸易在国际商业中的应用已越来越广泛。这种贸易方式正逐渐成为资本项目和生产股份企业融资的一种渠道,正在逐渐成为确保投资者在那些为外债所困扰并且缺乏硬通货的国家的投资中收回利润的一种渠道,正在逐渐成为政府在大量采购非军用物资的投标中保持竞争力的一种渠道。

【原文】 Over the last decade, the use of countertrade in international commerce has bec ome more widespread. The practice is emerging as a vehicle for financing capital projects and production-sharing ventures, for ensuring the repatriation of profits from investments in countriesbeset by external debt and hard currency shortages, and for competitive bidding on major nonmilitary government procurements.

【点评】原文中的The practice所指代的是上文中的the use of countertrade,因此在译文中可以直译为“这种贸易方式”来指上文中所提到的内容。

【译文】参与国际分工的另一更为现实的做法是采取比较优势的做法。比较优势是指假如一个国家生产某种产品比生产其他产品的效率高,那么它就具有生产该产品的比较优势。

A more realistic approach toward international specialization is that of comparative advantage. This concept says that a nation has a comparative advantage in an item if it can produce it more efficiently than alternative products.

【点评】英语语篇的衔接手段常用的有:大量使用代词指代前文中所提到的名词,偶尔重复使用名词本身,使用省略,使用上义词或同义词。汉语中最常用的衔接手段是使用名词重复和省略,偶尔也使用代词和上义词或同义词。知道了英汉两种语言的区别就可以在英译汉时注意汉语的特点,充分地再现原文信息。本例句中原文中的that 指代前文中的approach,在翻译成汉语时被翻译成了“做法”。原文中的This concept指代上文中提到的comparative advantage,This concept是Comparative advantage的上义词。汉语译文将其还原成“比较优势”,由此可见汉语里是多使用重复名词的方式来衔接上下文的。

【原文】中山大学三个校区分别坐落在珠江之畔、南海之滨,总面积达5.05平方公里。广州南校区树木葱茏,绿草如茵;广州北校区林路蔓蔓,曲径通幽;珠海校区依山面海,景色宜人,均是不可多得的读书恰学的胜境。(中山大学中文网页资料)

【译文】Zhongshan University has three campuses which cover a total area of 5.05 square kilometers.Guangzhou South Campus and Guangzhou North Campus are located south and north of the Pearl River,while Zhuhai Campus lies to the west of the South China Sea.All three are beautiful campus with avenues of gre en trees and patches of lush grass,providing pleasant environment for study and research.

【点评】作为实用文献的一种,事业单位的宣传广告主要为读者提供信息资料。但在提供信息资料时,由于文化传统和习惯使然,中国人喜欢使用描述性词语对所提供的信息进行渲染。本例中的原文就是使用了一连串赞美词语如“树木葱茏,绿草如茵”、“林路蔓蔓,曲径通幽”、“依山面海,景色宜人”,“不可多得”、“胜境”等。如果将所有这些词语依样译出,英译文就会显得非常啰嗦,且会取得适得其反的效果。正因为如此,译者采用了省略与重组的翻译方法,除介绍三个校园的总面积与所处的位置之外,将上面所列赞美词语进行简化式翻译:“漂亮”的校园有一条条的“林荫道”和一片片的“草坪”,是学习和研究的“宜人”之地。这样简化处理,既突出了重点,也符合网络介绍性的特点与要求。

【原文】绿源苔干有清热降压、通经脉、壮筋骨、去口臭、解热毒酒毒的功效。

【译文】It has been proved that Lvyuan Taigan is able to produce certain medical effects,namely,to allay internal heat and fever,to reduce hypertension,to regulate and strengthen bodily functions,to relieve halitosis and to dispel the effects of alcohol.

【点评】“通经脉、壮筋骨”、“热毒酒毒”是中医特有的说法,是中医理论术语,若按字面直译,恐怕西方读者会摸不着头脑。译文使用比较通俗的“to regulate and strengthen bodily functions”和“to relieve halitosis and to dispel the effects of alcohol”来英译,既有效地实现了原文的信息功能,又给读者提供了充分理解原文思想的方便途径

【原文】鉴于你方违约造成我方不应有的损失,我方很遗憾地撤销此约,并保留对我方损失的索赔权。

【译文】In view of the fact that your violation of the contract has caused us undeserved losses,we re gre t to say that we have canceled the contract,and we reserve the right to claim damages.

【点评】商务信函本应措辞婉转,但如果涉及自身利益严重受损的情况,则需提出索赔。这时利益重于婉转礼貌。例句原文选自索赔函,期中语言平等,没有贬己尊人类用语,其语气虽不显生硬,但也不婉转。例句将事情的来龙去脉直接交待清楚,并提出己方的主张。译文很好地把握住了原文的强硬语气,用语正式,措辞严厉(violation,undeserved losses,cancel,reserve the right,claim for damages),令人产生一种距离感。此外,译文采用“in view of”引导一个同位语从句,还使用了套语“we regret to say that...”和“we reserve the right to claim for...”,同样给人以拒人于千里之外的感觉

【原文】鉴于你方违约造成我方不应有的损失,我方很遗憾地撤销此约,并保留对我方损失的索赔权。

【译文】In view of the fact that your violation of the contract has caused us undeserved losses,we re gre t to say that we have canceled the contract,and we reserve the right to claim damages.

【原文】天香楼特聘香港六大名厨,精心为您提供中华五千年来千变万化的养颜补品、粤式饭菜、港式点心及特价套餐,色香味俱全,丰俭由人!

【译文】At Tian Hsiang Restaurant,we have engaged six celebrated chefs from Hong Kong,preparing Chinese cuisines of all kinds,including Cantonese delicacies,Hong Kong style Tim Sum or specially priced set meals---all looking attractive,smelling inviting and tasting delicious.Regardless of your preference,you can always find something to your liking here.

【点评】商务翻译同文学翻译一样,根据行文需要而进行增益和省译是常见现象。在增益方面,汉语原文说“天香楼特聘香港六大名厨”毫无语言问题,但如果直译成英文就会出现搭配不当的问题,因此,英译文先将“天香楼”译为地点状语At Tian Hsiang Restaurant,然后增加主语“we”,这样行文就通顺了。对于“香港六大名厨”,英译文做了渲染,增加了比较详细的信息,将其译为“six celebrated chefs from Hong Kong”,这对于促销的目的的实现非常有效。而对于原文中“精心为您提供中华五千年来千变万化的养颜补品”这种笼统而又有些夸张的表达,英译文省略不译,这符合商务英语中语言重视平实的特点。对于“色香味俱全”,英译文以“all looking attractive,smelling inviting and tasting delicious”来翻译,较好地传达了原文的意思。而“丰俭由人”则另起一句,翻译为“Regardless of your preference,you can always find something to your liking here”。

汉英翻译作业

汉英翻译作业 一、单句翻译 1、自信人生二百年,会当击水三千里。 2、教育要面向现代化,面向世界,面向未来。 3、创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,也是一个政 党永葆生机的源泉。 4、要进一步增强忧患意识,始终保持开拓进取的锐气;要进一步增强公仆意识, 始终牢记全心全意为人民服务的宗旨;要进一步增强节俭意识,始终发扬艰苦奋斗的精神。 5、在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人,才有希望达 到光辉的顶点。 6、正确的道路是这样:吸取你的前辈所做的一切,然后再往前走。 7、生命,如果跟时代崇高的责任联系在一起,你就会感到它永垂不朽。 8、历史使人明智;诗词使人灵秀;数学使人周密;自然哲学使人深刻;伦理使 人庄重;逻辑修辞学使人善辨。 9、天生的才干如同天生的植物一样,需要靠学习来修剪。 10、只有那些不辞辛劳的人,才能使生命发出耀眼的光辉。 11、天才,就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 12、一个人的价值,应该看他贡献什么,而不应当看他取得什么。 13、千里之行,始于足下。 14、学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。 15、满招损,谦受益。 16、它山之石,可以攻玉。 17、天行健,君子以自强不息;地势坤,君子以厚德载物。 18、一年之计,莫如树谷,十年之计,莫如树木,百年之计,莫如树人。 19、锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。 20、志不强者智不达,言不信者行不果。 21、博学之,审问之,慎思之,明辨之,笃行之。 22、谁言寸草心,报得三春晖。 23、业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。 24、先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐。 25、博观而约取,厚积而薄发。

翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析

原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷,是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文,一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷,常在江南的小城市中,有如古代的少女,躲在僻静的深闺,轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆,你才有机会看见她③,接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去,要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候,你向巷中踅去,都如宁静的黄昏,可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕,墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝,简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁, 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井,那是一种和平的静穆,而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静,别有天地,仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11),家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐, 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.

a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of (12)The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.

汉译英短文翻译练习

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