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高口真题1997-1999

高级口译全真题

高级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲(2002年版) (4)

试卷一 (9)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (9)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (9)

Part A: Spot Dictation (9)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (9)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (11)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (17)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (17)

Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling (17)

Part B: Listening and Translation (18)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (19)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (21)

试卷二 (22)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (22)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (22)

Part A: Spot Dictation (22)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (22)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (24)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (30)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (31)

Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (31)

Part B: Listening and Translation (31)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (32)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (35)

试卷三 (36)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (36)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (36)

Part A: Spot Dictation (36)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (36)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (38)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (45)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (45)

Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (45)

Part B: Listening and Translation (46)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (47)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (50)

试卷四 (51)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (51)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (51)

Part A: Spot Dictation (51)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (51)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (53)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (60)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (60)

Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (60)

Part B: Listening and Translation (61)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (62)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (65)

试卷五 (66)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (66)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (66)

Part A: Spot Dictation (66)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (66)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (68)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (75)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (75)

Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (75)

Part B: Listening and Translation (76)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (77)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (80)

试卷六 (81)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试 (81)

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (81)

Part A: Spot Direction (81)

Part B: Listening Comprehension (81)

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (83)

SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (90)

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (90)

Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (90)

Part B: Listening and Translation (91)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (91)

SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (95)

高级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲(2002年版) 《上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书》是经上海市紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室审核和确认的紧缺人才岗位资格培训项目之一。

英语口译岗位资格证书是培训是为国家机关、企事业、公司和涉外单位等培训和造就一批能胜任各类涉外项目谈判、高层次会晤、新闻发布会、记者招待会以及国际研讨会的翻译和同声翻译人才。

根据上述目标和要求，本大纲规定了以下原则和考试内容。

一、考试目的

根据大纲要求，检查考生是否具备本大纲所规定的各项语言技能。凡通过上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试（含笔试与口试）的考生，可获得由上海市教育委员会、上海市成人教育委员会、上海市委组织部、上海市人事局统一印制的《上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试》。

二、考试性质范围

本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性标准化考试。考试分为笔试与口试两个阶段。只有通过笔试的考生方有资格参加第二阶段的口试。笔试包括听力、阅读和翻译（笔译）三部分；口试包括口语和口译两部分。

三、考试时间与命题

上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试每年举行两次，分别于3月和9月举行笔试，并择时举行口试。由上海市外语口译岗位资格证书考试委员会负责命题与实施。

四、考试形式

本考试根据口译特点，以测试口译水平为主要目标，从听、说、读、译(笔译、口译)等四个方面对考生的语言运用能力进行全面测试。测试力求科学、客观、可行。考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方式。如在第一阶段笔试中，客观试题约占笔试试卷总分的25%，主观试题约占笔试试卷总分的75%。

五、考试内容

本考试分为两个阶段：第一阶段笔试共分六部分，它们依次是：第一部分：听力；第二部分：阅读；第三部分：翻译（英译汉）；第四部分：听力；第五部分：阅读；第六部分：翻译（汉译英）。每部分考试时间为30分钟，总考试时间为180分钟。第二阶段口试共分两部分：口语与口译，考试时间为25分钟左右。

1. 听力

听力测试项目包括：听写、听力理解、笔记和听译。

1—A. 听写

（1）测试要求

要求考生在全面理解所听内容的基础上，准确填写出试题中的空缺部分。

（2）题型

本部分为主观试题。听写文字内容长度为350词左右，听一遍。语速为每分钟150词左右，试题中有20处标号的空缺部分要求考生填写，填写部分的词语、短语长度以6个词为限。听写内容播放后留有3～5分钟时间供考生填写。

（3）测试目的

测试学生的听力理解、短时记忆及笔录能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）题材广泛，体裁多样，体现时代性、实用性。

（b）听写内容的语言难度适中。

1—B．听力理解

（1）测试要求

（a）能听懂交际场合中各种英语会话和讲话。

（b）能听懂VOA和BBC等英语广播和电视节目中有关政治、社会、经济、文化教育、科技等方面的新闻报道和记者采访或现场报道。

（c）能听懂诸如政治、经济、文化教育、语言文学、科普等方面的一般性讲座等。

（2）题型

听力材料有讲话、对话（包括采访等）、新闻广播、讲座四种类型。试题形式为选择题，每一听力单元材料后有几道选择题，每道选择题后有12—15秒的间隙。要求考生从试卷给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。录音语速为每分钟170词左右。

（3）测试目的

测试考生通过听力理解获取信息的能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）对话部分为就某一专题或题目进行的对话或采访，内容不宜太深，但句子结构与表达应有一定难度。

（b）新闻广播为VOA和BBC节目中较熟悉的新闻报道、评论等。

（c）讲课、讲座内容为教师、演讲者就某——专题所作的一段讲话，难度适中。

1—C．笔记

（1）测试要求

要求考生在全面理解所听内容的基础上，边听边做笔记，然后完成填空试题。

（2）题型

本部分为主观试题。所听的内容文字长度为700词左右，语速为每分钟170词左右，听一遍。在给出的长度为200词左右的所听内容的概述中，有20个空白要求考生填写，每空填一词。测试时间为15分钟，其中听录音时间为5分钟左右，答题时间为10分钟左右。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的听力理解、短时记忆及笔记能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）所听内容以讲座、报告、讲话等形式为主。

（b）内容可多种多样，但不应太偏太深。

1—D. 听译（英一汉）

（1）测试要求

要求考生在听懂和理解原话的基础上，译出原话的主要内容。

（2）题型

本部分为主观试题。听译内容分为单句和段落两部分。单句长度为30个词左右，段落为100个词左右，语速为每分钟150词左右。单句后留有50秒、段落后留有200秒左右的间隙供考生翻译书写。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的听力理解、短时记忆及翻译能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）内容可多种多样，难度应适中。

（b）应选用以口语体为主的材料。

2. 阅读

（1）测试要求

（a）要求考生具备熟练阅读英语报刊文章的能力。

（b）要求考生了解英语国家有关政治、经济、社会、文化、教育等状况。

（2）题型

本部分分为客观试题和主观试题两种题型。阅读材料均选自英语国家出版的报刊杂志，共6～8篇。试题形式为选择题、问答题或写内容提要。选择题要求考生从试卷给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案；问答题要求考生根据阅读内容给出切题的完整回答；写内容提要要求考生在规定的词数内，用自己的话语表达文章的中心思想。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的报刊阅读理解能力，概括中心思想能力，词汇量，以及与英语国家政治、经济、社会与文化等相关的知识。

（4）选材原则

（a）全部选自英语国家出版的报刊杂志。

（b）选题内容可多种多样，但难度应适中。

（c）每篇文章长度在600词左右，文章总长度为4,500词左右。

3. 翻译

（1）测试要求

（a）英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英语书刊上有关政治、经济、社会、文化、法律等方面的文章。速度为每小时400词左右。译文要求忠于原意，语言流畅。

（b）汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国书刊上登载的介绍中国国情及相关题材的文章。速度为每小时450词左右。译文应忠于原意，语言通顺。

（2）题型

本部分为主观试题，分为英译汉、汉译英两大部分，可以是长度约200词左右的英译汉、汉译英文章各一篇。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的英汉对译技巧及能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）英译汉选材可取自英语报刊或书籍，内容不应太偏太深。

（b）汉译英选材可取自中文报刊或书籍，题材可多种多样，但内容不宜太偏太深。

4. 口语

（1）测试要求

要求考生掌握英语口语表达的基本技能，包括语音语调、措辞与句法、语句的连贯与说话的流利度。

（2）题型

可采取以下任何一种：

（a）按所给题目的要求作命题发言。

（b）按所给图表和要求作叙述或发表评论。

（c）按所给书面短文和要求回答问题或发表评论。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的英语口语技能。

（4）选材原则

口语测试题目应带有普遍性，为考生所熟悉，也可给出带有争议性的辩论题目。

5. 口译

（1）测试要求

要求考生熟练掌握英译汉、汉译英的口译基本技巧。口译应准确传达原话意思，注意语气表达、语音语调正确，用词与句法准确，讲究说话的流利与速度。

（2）题型

口译采用段落翻译。翻译量为四段，其中两段为英译汉，两段为汉译英。每一段长度在180词左右，每一段之后有100秒左右的间隙供口译。亦可将每一段分成两个单元，每单元之后有50秒左右的间隙供口译。

（3）测试目的

测试考生的英译汉、汉译英的口译能力。

（4）选材原则

（a）应尽量在口语体的文字记录材料中选取口译材料（如采访、对话、讲话、讲演等）。

试卷一

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)

Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.

News can be something the authorities want you to know, or something they would rather keep secret. An announcement of a ________ (1), a denial of a failure, or, a secret scandal that nobody really wants you to ________ (2). If the authorities want to tell the world some good news, they issue statements, communiques, and call ________ (3). Or politicians make speeches. Local newspapers, radio and television help to ________ (4) to what is going on. And by making contacts with ________ (5) journalists can ask for more information or explanations to help them ________ (6).

Unless the correspondent is an ________ (7), it is rare to trust any single source. Officials have a policy to defend, and ________ (8) want to attack it. Rumour and gossip can also confuse the situation. So, you have to ________ (9) as much as possible, using common sense and experience as final checks to help establish just what's likely to be the truth, or ________ (10).

Just getting the news is only half the job. A correspondent may be well-informed, but his job is to ________ (11), the public. So, once the information is available it has to be written ________ (12) which is also easily understood. Particularly for radio, since, while a newspaper reader can turn back and re-read a sentence or two, the radio listener has ________ (13). This also means that only a limited number of facts can be contained in a sentence. That there should be an ________ (14). And vital information necessary to understand the latest development should be presented ________ (15) in case the producer of a news programme decides to ________ (16) an item, by cutting for example the last sentence or two.

Finally, the style of presentation must ________ (17). A cheerful voice might be perfect for a _____________ (18). But it would be sadly out of place for a report of a _____________ (19). And this would also confuse and distract the listener, probably ________ (20) just what had happened and to whom.

Part B: Listening Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER

BOOKLET.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.

1. (A) A compact car. (B) A wrist watch.

2. (A) Eight years ago. (B) In the spring of 1982.

3. (A) Sinclair. (B) Casio.

4. (A) People who show great interest in novelty items.

(B) People who work at railway or bus stations.

(D) People who have monotonous work.

5. (A) It's getting smaller every year. (B) It's increasing rapidly.

(C) It's expanding only in Japan. (D) It started in the 70's. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following conversations.

6. (A) About fourteen. (B) Twenty-eight.

7. (A) The west coast of Canada. (B) A British seaside resort.

8. (A) She travels only to safe places.

(B) She usually hitchhikes during the journey.

(D) She avoids travelling alone as much as possible.

9. (A) She stayed in a prison in Norway.

(B) She was robbed on a train in Hungary.

(D) She chose to go to the Middle East to cover the war.

10. (A) She wants to enjoy mild climates and hectic life.

(B) She feels completely alive while she's travelling.

(D) Both (B) and (C).

Questions 11 to 15 are based O K the following news.

11. (A) She's considering holding a general election.

(B) No general election is to be held very soon.

(D) There might be a general election in the near future.

12. (A) A strong earthquake hit this area one night.

(B) Hundreds of people were killed in the earthquake.

(D) Five people were missing in the earthquake.

13. (A) In north. London. (B) In south London.

14. (A) 250,000 pounds. (B) 500,000 pounds.

15. (A) The hospitals are obviously overstaffed.

(B) More people are waiting to be hospitalized.

(D) The hospitals are charging too much from the patients.

Questions 16 to 20 ere based on the following talk.

16. (A) Well over 50,000. (B) Approximately 50,000.

17. (A) Some insurance companies are refusing to provide cover for burglaries in high-risk

areas.

(B) Insurance agents are selling more and more burglary policies.

(D) Insurance companies are planning to offer more insurance products.

18. (A) To fit a burglar alarm.

(B) To fix good locks and bolts on doors and windows.

(D) To check callers' credentials.

19. (A) Burglaries always happen while you're out.

(B) A burglary may take only a little time to finish.

(D) Milk bottles left on the doorstep are a warning to burglars.

20. (A) A Rising Number of Burglaries.

(B) How to Prevent Household Burglaries.

(D) Police—-an Effective Force to Cut Burglaries.

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is, followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~5

The rise of tourist traffic has brought the relatively recent phenomenon of the tourist attraction pure and simple. It often has no purpose but to attract in the interest of the owner or of the nation. As we might expect, this use of the word "attraction" as "a thing or feature which 'draws' people, especially any interesting or amusing exhibition" dates only from about 1862. It

is a new species: the most attenuated form of a nation's culture. All over the world now we find these "attractions"—of little significance for the inward life of a people, but wonderfully saleable as tourist commodities. Examples are Madame Tussaud's exhibition of wax figures in London (she first became known for her modelled heads of the leaders and victims of the French Revolution) and the Tiger Balm Gardens in Hong Kong; Disneyland in California—the American "attraction" which tourist Khrushchev most wanted to see—is the example to end all examples. Here indeed Nature imitates Art. The visitor to Disneyland encounters not the two-dimensional comic strip of movie originals, but only their three-dimensional facsimiles.

Tourist attractions serve their purpose best when they are pseudo-events. To be repeatable at will, they must be factitious. Emphasis on the artificial comes from the ruthless truthfulness of tourist agents. What they can really guarantee you are not spontaneous cultural products but only those made especially for tourist consumption, for foreign cash customers. Not only in Mexico City and Montreal, but also in the remote Guatemalan tourist Mecca of Chichecastenango and in far-off villages of Japan, earnest honest natives embellish their ancient rites, change, enlarge, and spectacularize their festivals, so that tourists will not be disappointed. In order to satisfy the exaggerated expectations of tour agents and tourists, people everywhere obligingly become dishonest mimics of themselves. To provide a full schedule of events at the best seasons and at convenient hours, they travesty their most solemn rituals, holidays, and folk celebrations—all for the benefit of the tourists.

In Berlin, in the days before the First World War, legend tells us that precisely at the stroke of noon, just as the imperial military band would begin its daily concert in front of the Imperial Palace, Kaiser Wilhelm used to interrupt whatever he was doing inside the palace. If he was in a council of state he would say:"With your kind forbearance, gentlemen, I must excuse myself now, to appear at the window. Y ou see, it says in Baedeker that at this hour I always do. "

Modern tourist guide-books have helped to raise tourist expectations. And they have provided the natives—from Kaiser Wilhelm down to the villagers of Chichecastenango —with a detailed and itemized list of what is expected of them and when. These are the up-to-date scripts for actors on the tourists' stage.

1. Which of the following can be concluded from the first paragraph?

(A) These tourist attractions do not appeal to the local people spiritually.

(B) Disneyland is no longer a typical example of tourist attractions.

(D) Madam Tussaud's exhibition is not One of saleable tourist commodities.

2. "Nature imitates Art" means that ______.

(A) Art is two-dimensional and Nature is three-dimensional

(B) Disney created a two-dimensional art form

(D) Disneyland is a life-like copy of the original film cartoons

3. To be repeatable at will, a tourist attraction must be ______.

(A) artificial (B) attractive

4. The locals all over the world ______in order to satisfy the travelling agents and tourists.

(A) make their festivals more material

(B) adorn and exaggerate their traditional ceremonies

(D) decorate their villages for the tourists

5. According to the passage, modern tourist guide books______.

(A) help make tourists excited

(B) give VIPs like Kaiser Wilhelm instructions for him to appear

(D) can be used as scripts for acting on stage

Questions 6~10

New vocational qualifications to provide an alternative to GCSE and transform school life for 14- to 16-year-olds are expected to be announced on Thursday by the Government.

Ministers have decided to run a pilot next year in 90 of 4,000 secondary schools. Courses for under-16s could be available in all schools by 1997. V ocational courses for over-16s have proved extremely popular* and hundreds of schools are thought to have volunteered for next year's pilot.

The General National V ocational Qualification courses are not designed as training for a particular job. They are class-room-based, so a pupil taking, for instance, manufacturing, might do work experience in a local factory but would not have to make anything.

Last week Sir Ron Dearing, chairman of the Schools Curriculum and Assessment Authority, said 40 per cent of the timetable for 14- to 16-year-olds would be freed so that some pupils could pursue vocational courses, while others do the more academic GCSEs. All will continue to do GCSEs in English, math and science, and short courses in modern languages and technology.

Critics say the arrangements will divide pupils into sheep and goats, and could lead to the creation of specialist academic and vocational schools. Supporters say the new courses will motivate non-academic pupils so that fewer leave school without qualifications.

The new courses in health and social care, business and manufacturing are being introduced despite fierce criticism of present vocational qualifications for over-16s in reports from school inspectors and academics. The inspectors said the course content was too vague and that; assessments, done mainly by teachers, were unreliable

However, the GNVQs will be modelled closely on those for over-16s, which have six units. Pupils will study three of the six, and will also have to reach agreed standards in three "core skills" of literacy, numeracy and information technology, which will account for 40 per cent of the marks.

David Blunkett, Labour's education spokesman, said it was vital that the new qualifications were seen as high-quality.

Don Foster, the Liberal Democrats' education spokesman, said; "There must be some concern that the recent criticism of the new GNVQs appears not to have been taken on board. It is vital that they are got right first time, given the crucial role they will play in achieving parity of esteem between academic and vocational qualifications. ".

6. According to the passage, the vocational qualifications ______.

(A) constitute part of the GCSEs

(B) serve as a supplement to GCSEs

(D) are designed as training for a particular job

7. The phrase "to run a pilot" (para.2) can best be paraphrased as which of the following?

(A) to set up a vocational school (B) to continue a training course

( C) to operate an experimental course (D) to begin a driving class

8. The critic's view that "the arrangements will divide pupils into sheep and goats" means that

pupils _______.

(A) will be fairly separated and treated

(B) will be grouped based on their vocational abilities

(D) will be treated either cruelly or indiscrimitively

9. The last two paragraphs of the passage ______.

(A) summarize the main idea of the article

(B) convey the general plan for vocational qualifications

(D) introduce responses from other parties

10. Which of the following can NOT be found in the passage?

(A) Courses for vocational qualifications will be modelled on those for over-16s.

(B) Vocational courses will not be offered in most schools before 1997.

from school inspectors.

(D) Courses in English, math and science are required of all the pupils.

Questions 11~15

One in eight students with a government loan is unlikely ever to repay the debt, a report published today says. The figure is likely to be a further blow to government plans to privatise the loan scheme, announced in the Queen's Speech last week.

The Student Loans Company has told the National Audit Office that 142 million of outstanding debt is unlikely to be recovered: The loans company admitted recently that outstanding loans totalled more than 1 billion.

The report also highlights questions about the loans company's competence, and records the collapse of its telephone system. Out of 1.1 million attempted calls by students in November 1994 only 41,000 were answered.

Sir Eric Ash, head of the Student Loans Company, has already told ministers that the banks are unlikely to want to take over the scheme. The audit office report is likely to reinforce their reluctance.

The audit office, the public spending watchdog, found that almost half of all students who had received loans had been granted a deferment on repayments because their income fell beneath the statutory threshold. Students are not required to repay a loan until a year after completing their course and then only if their income reaches 85 per cent of national average earnings.

The audit office found that of 269,000 students who should be repaying loans, 122,000 had been granted deferment. The loans company told the audit office that it recognised "it may be difficult to maintain contact with the large number of repayers in deferment".

The company admitted that ￡142 million, about 12 per cent of the outstanding loan portfolio of ￡l.178 billion, might not be recovered due to long-term deferment, death and default.

The audit office report says that the loans company's financial statements do not include any record of nonrecoverable sums "because they are liable to remit to the Education Department only those monies they actually succeed in recovering". As a result of the audit office's objections, the annual accounts will in future include provision for irrecoverable loan debt.

The report found that the loans company had improved its efficiency in the light of previous criticism and processed 517,000 applications for loans in the last academic year. However, 35, 000 students experienced significant delay in getting grants.

The Commons Public Accounts Committee will question officials on the report next month, when the proposed privatisation is expected to come under attack as unrealistic.

Bryan Davies, Labour's education spokesman, said: "The report shows there is considerable uncertainty in detailed business planning for student loans. The Government has not answered why banks and building societies should want to handle such unpredictable loans, yet it is rushing privatisation through Parliament. " The Student Loans Bill will be debated in Parliament on Monday.

11. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The privatisation of the student loan project.

(B) The debate on the student loan scheme.

(D) The development of the Student Loans Company.

12. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

(A) One in eight students receives government loans.

(B) Fifty percent of students repay government loans.

(D) Over twelve percent of loan receivers may not repay their loan debts.

13. Which of the following is NOT true about the Student Loans Company?

(A) Its telephone system is simply not adequate enough.

(B) The company improved its .efficiency greatly.

(D) The company has difficulty in keeping contact with loan repayers.

14. All of the following are causes of difficulty in the repayment of student loans EXCEPT that

______.

(A) the Student Loans Company loses contact with repayers

(B) some students' income falls beneath 85 % of national average earnings

(D) banks are not directly involved in student loans

15. Which of the following is not directly stated, but implied in the passage?

(A) Students should start to repay a loan a year after graduation.

(B) The Student Loans Company expects banks' involvement in the loan scheme.

(D) The Labour Party holds critical view towards the privatisation of the loan scheme. Questions 16~20

THE Government yesterday unveiled a ;" new realist" strategy against drugs and

acknowledged the failings of previous attempts to stop growing abuse. Four Cabinet ministers announced proposals emphasizing the need to educate and inform young people of the facts and risks, abandoning earlier shock tactics.

Michael Howard, the Home Secretary, said there was "no magic wand" that would wish away the problem once and for all. Instead, ministers sought to co-ordinate and build on the successes of local initiatives, while targeting suppliers. They pledged to train more teachers to take the anti-drugs message into classrooms, including primary schools, issue guidance to head teachers and launch a national helpline for parents.

The Home Office estimates that heroin users financing their habit were responsible for thefts and robberies worth up to ￡864 million in 1992. In any one year, some three million people take an illegal drug. Most police forces only caution people caught using soft drugs for the first time.

Tony Newton, the chairman of the Cabinet sub-committee on the misuse of drugs, highlighted the shift in strategy and publicly recognised the "intractable" nature of the problem. "We always want to learn from experience. I think some of the shock tactics that have been used in one or two earlier campaigns have not proved as effective as we would have liked. "

The 114-page Green Paper, Tackling Drugs Together, has Jettisoned earlier language about "drug abusers" and the "war on drugs", talking instead of "drug users" while putting a premium on pragmatic, community-led initiatives.

It concedes that contact with drugs is now part of growing up. The paper says: "As part of adolescence and maturing, young people experiment with different values and behaviours. While this strategy proposes a strong emphasis on preventing young people from misusing drugs in the first place there will still be some who choose to experiment even if they have both the knowledge and the skills to resist peer pressure. "

Eric Forth, the education minister, said that some schools had been inclined to ignore the drugs problem, because even talking about it risked giving them a bad name. He said: "We hope that by acknowledging the need to deal with this problem, saying it's something that all schools should be doing, we will give action against drugs the seal of approval. "

16. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?

(A) The government admits its failure in fighting against drugs.

(B) The Home Office will continue its policy to reduce drug-related crime.

(D) Police forces fully support government's policy against drugs.

17. It can be inferred from the passage that shock tactics against drugs _______.

(A) have never received full support from all parties

(B) have laid stress on prohibition of drug use and punishment

(D) have concentrated on preventing people from misusing drugs

18. Which of the following can best replace the word "jettisoned" used in paragraph 5?

(A) Adopted. (B) Supported.

19. The statement that "contact with drugs is now part of growing up"can be paraphrased as

______.

(A) drug use is a kind of learning process necessary for young people

(B) most young people have contact with drugs

(D) drug abuse is mainly related to the teenagers

20. According to the passage, some schools were inclined to ignore the drugs problem because

______.

(A) there was no drugs problem in those schools

(B) the schools fear that their reputation would be damaged

(D) drug abuse is mainly a social problem

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)

Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling

Directions:In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on your ANSWER BOOKLET afterwards. You are required to -write ONE word or figure only in each blank;

In the past fifty years the invention, of _______ (1) devices and appliances has made housework much easier. Among these devices and appliances are _______ (2) cleaners, electric irons, washing machines, and some others. Probably the most important piece of ________ (3) equipment which has been widely used in the last twenty years is the __________ (4). Washing up by hand is not only ______ (5) but also extremely boring. Dishwashers are of different sizes and __________ (6). Their capacity ranges from six to ________ (7) placesettings. After the dishwasher is plumbed into the mains _______ (8) supply, all you have to do is to load dirty dishes, glasses and ___________ (9) into the machine, pour in some special _________ (10), close the door and _______(11) it on. The machine will wash almost everything except the large

_________ (12) and dishes with scraps of _________ (13) food. It also _________ (14) the plates and glasses with its own heat. If your dishwasher is __________ (15) or larger, probably you need to wash up only _________ (16) a day. Of course this means you have to have ______ (17) dishes, glasses and cutlery to last three or four ________ (18). Remember that dishwashers can be quite ________ (19), so you may prefer to use the machine just once a day, preferably _________ (20) thing at night.

Part B: Listening and T ranslation

I. Sentence Translation

Directions:In this' part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

I. Passage Translation

Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and -write your -version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

(1)

(2)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)

Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE, SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1~3

BRITISH Telecom has been thwarted in its attempt to cut telephone links to a South American city that is operating a sex chatline service in Britain.

Direct dialing services to Georgetown, Guyana, were due to be suspended after the One-to-One Contacts company ignored an ultimatum from BT to close down.

But the chatline company, which is based in Dublin, Manchester and Guyana, has secured an injunction from the High Court to prevent the threatened action taking place. The- matter will be resolved before a judge at a full hearing later this month. A preliminary hearing due yesterday was postponed until Friday.

The One-to-One Contacts service, which is advertised in the national press, breaches the strict guidelines set down by ICSTIS, the information line watchdog, because of the sexual nature of the calls.

The company does not use British 0898 numbers. Callers from Britain are directed to ring telephone numbers in the Virgin Isles, and then given Guyanan numbers for the chatline service, ringing up pounds in international calls in the process. The countries of origin were not stated in the advertisements.

BT wanted to end the services but because of the relatively unsophisticated routing between Britain and Guyana, it could not isolate the 52 numbers involved. The company told Guyana Telecom and Telephones that it would block direct dialling from Britain to every number in Georgetown, the capital, if the recorded sex lines were not put out of business. But the chatline company claimed that BT acted unfairly.

A High Court judge has granted an injunction preventing BT from taking action until he can hear both sides of the story.

The chatline company broke industry rules by advertising a sex line outside top-shelf publications—in the Daily and Sunday Sport newspapers.

A BT spokeswoman explained: "The stop on IDD calls to Georgetown would have lasted two or three days while we found ways to block the relevant number's. In the meantime, calls to other numbers would have been put through the operator at international direct dialling costs. "

1. Why does the British Telecom plan to end the One-to-One Contacts service?

2. Introduce briefly in your own words the practice of the One-to-One Contacts company.

3. Why didn't the British Telecom cut the chatline service immediately?

Questions 4~6

Summer is coming, and woe is you. Y ou'd like to bake in the blazing sun and get a deep, dark tan, but worries about skin cancer may keep you indoors. Tanning salons are an alternative, but they're awfully expensive (and so artificial). What to do? Before long you may be able to acquire the perfect tan from the inside of your body out. No sun or sunlamps will be needed.

Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered a synthetic peptide hormone that

stimulates certain skin cells to produce melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin and protects it from ultraviolet radiation. The hormone could be useful not only in acquiring a tan but also in preventing aging of the skin. In addition, it might help to cure vitiligo—a disease that causes a progressive depigmentation of the skin and afflicts 1 to 2 percent of the world's population.

The hormone, which the Arizona researchers have dubbed Melano-Tan, is a chemical variation (or analog) of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) that some animals, such as frogs or chameleons, secrete from their pituitary glands, causing them to change color. It was discovered as part of a U. S. government-sponsored study of ways to reverse or cure vitiligo. "In the process of these studies," says Mac Hadley, an endocrinologist at the University of Arizona, "we discovered that if this molecule was delivered across the skin of a certain strain of mice, the skin would turn dark brown. And not just where we placed the chemical, but all over. " What's more, says Hadley, another research center has just demonstrated that the hormone will cause in vitro human skin to tan as well, "which is pretty close to saying this product will work. "

If Melano-Tan becomes commercially available—and a large American pharmaceutical company is now funding studies toward that end—it could be taken orally or applied topically. After application, it would enter the bloodstream and systematically tan the entire body. Depending on the concentration, initial tanning would begin-in two or three days and a dark, uniform tan could be achieved within two weeks. When the hormone is no longer applied, the tanned skin could be peeled off. There are already tanning pills on the market, such as French Bronze Tablets (with carotene), but Hadley dismisses them as "gimmicks" that merely dye the skin unevenly, like Easter eggs.

According to Hadley, Melancn-Tan could lower the incidence of skin cancer by allowing fair-skinned people to tan before going out in the sun. It could also help those who suffer from vitiligo or hyperpigmentation, and those who are allergic to sun screens.

4. What are the disadvantages of tanning in the sun or in a tanning salon?

5. In what other ways can the synthetic peptide hormone be useful to people apart from

acquiring a tan?

6. How will the hormone work when taken orally or applied topically?

Questions 7~10

IF VITAMIN C is good for you, does more mean better? Millions of people think so but scientists have been divided on the issue. Despite a huge research effort, there is little evidence that megadoses of vitamin C, up to 100 times the recommended daily amounts, have beneficial effects.

Now an American scientist has come up with an explanation of the lack of effect—-arid a' simple remedy. Millions of Americans take supplements of the vitamin in the belief that its anti-oxidant properties help prevent heart disease, cancer and the ageing process. Most of it, however, goes straight down the pan; the body cannot deal with excess vitamin C, which is rapidly excreted. Even large doses are eliminated in 12 hours and slow-release ones in 16.

The way to keep blood levels of the vitamin continuously high, according to Roc Ordman, Professor of Biochemistry at Beloit College, Wisconsin, is to take it twice a day—one 500 milligram dose every 12 hours.

"If vitamin C really does work as an antioxidant, then taking a supplement once a day might be like wearing a condom half the time," Professor Ordman said. "Nobody has ever thought to