3.3Tea classification
Hello,welcome to our course of Chinese culture.
大家好，欢迎来中国文化概要课程。
In this section,please join us to find out more about the classification of Chinese tea.
这一节，请和我们一起来学习中国茶的分类。
China has a rich and sophisticated tea culture.
中国茶文化源远流长，博大精深。
There is a common saying in China,
中国有句俗话：
“seven things in the house:firewood,rice,oil,salt,soy sauce,vinegar and tea”.
“开门七件事：柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶。”
From this saying,we know that tea plays an important role in Chinese people’s daily life.从这句话，我们知道茶在中国人的日常生活中的重要地位。
China is universally acknowledged the first country to grow,produce and drink tea.
中国是全世界公认的最早种植茶叶，生产茶叶，和饮茶的国家。
Through the ancient silk road,it was introduced to western Asia and Europe.
经过古代丝绸之路，中国的茶叶种植、生产技术和饮茶的风俗逐渐传入西亚和欧洲。British people like drinking tea very much.
英国人也爱喝茶。
They prefer to add milk and sugar in black tea,
他们喜欢在红茶中加入牛奶和糖，
which is quite different from Chinese tea drinking process.
这和中国的饮茶方式大不相同。
Today we will learn about the tea classification in China.
今天，我们就来了解下中国茶的分类。
Although there are hundreds of varieties of Chinese tea,
中国茶种类繁多，
they can be classified into five basic categories according to their different processing techniques.
但根据加工技术的不同，可分为五个基本类别。
They are green tea,black tea,oolong tea,compressed tea,and scented tea.
分别是绿茶，红茶，乌龙茶，紧压茶和花茶。
Green tea,as the name suggested,is green in color of the tea leaves and also tea liquid.绿茶，顾名思义，茶叶绿，茶汤绿。
It is due to the simplest making process.
这是由于绿茶的制茶工艺最为简单。
Green tea,which is unfermented,is the most natural of all types of Chinese tea.
绿茶，是未发酵茶，是所有茶中最天然的茶品。
Compared with other types of Chinese tea,
与其他的中国茶类相比，
it has the most medicinal value and the least caffeine content.
绿茶具有最高的药用价值和最低的咖啡因含量。
It can help people reduce their inner heat.
喝绿茶可以帮助人们去热消暑。
So,it is a preferred drink in summer.
所以，夏天人们更喜爱喝绿茶。
Green tea has the longest history
绿茶历史最悠久，
with now the broadest production area and largest production volume.
如今中国绿茶的生产面积最广，产量也最大。
The most famous among various types of green tea
在各类绿茶中，最著名的
are longjing of the West Lake in Zhejiang province,
是浙江的西湖龙井，
maofeng of Mount Huangshan in Anhui province,
安徽的黄山毛峰，
biluochun produced in Jiangsu,
江苏的碧螺春，
yunwu from Mount Lushan in Jiangsu province
江苏的庐山云雾
and maojian from Xinyang,Henan etc..
和河南的信阳毛尖。
Black tea is much darker in tea leaves and also tea liquid than green tea.
与绿茶相比，红茶茶叶和茶汤的颜色都更深。
Green tea keeps the original color of tea leaves without fermentation,
绿茶未发酵，所以保留了茶叶本来的颜色，
but the black tea is fermented before baked.
但红茶是先发酵，后干燥。
So the tea liquid and tea leaves are reddish black.
所以红茶的茶叶和茶汤都呈红色。
It tastes sweet
红茶香甜味醇，
and can facilitate the fostering of yang energy and erase the greasiness in the human body,
还能助阳解腻，
which makes it a favored drink in winter.
适合冬天饮用。
You can also add milk and sugar to black tea to make milk tea.
也可以在红茶中加入牛奶和糖来制作奶茶。
The best types of black tea
最好的黑茶有
are qihong tea of Anhui,
安徽的祁红茶，
dianhong tea of Yunnan,
云南的滇红茶，
Suhong tea of Jiangsu,
江苏的苏红茶，
Chuanhong tea of Sichuan
四川的川红茶
and Huhong tea of Hunan.
和湖南的湖红茶。
Next is oolong tea.Oolong tea is quite special.
接下来是乌龙茶。乌龙茶比较特别。
It sits half way between green tea and black tea,because it is semi-fermented.
它介于绿茶和红茶之间，是半发酵茶。
Typical oolong tea leaves are green in the middle and red on the edges
由于部分发酵和软化，
resulted from being partly fermented and softened.
乌龙茶的叶子中间呈绿色，叶边呈红色。
Oolong tea tastes stronger than green tea but less strong than black tea.
乌龙茶比绿茶茶味重，但没有红茶茶味浓。
Its aroma ranges from mild to medium,
乌龙茶的香味从轻度到中度，
and is the best tea for the famous gongfu tea brewing process.
最适合冲泡功夫茶。
Beginners of oolong tea should take care,
尽管乌龙茶的茶味只是轻度到中度，
as even though its flavor seem only mild to medium,the tea can be very strong.
但依然相对较浓，所以初次尝试乌龙茶时要谨慎。
Since oolong tea is semi-fermented,
由于乌龙茶是半发酵茶，
it can be classified into three grades based on its light,medium or heavy fermentation.所以还可以继续分为轻度发酵茶，中度发酵茶和重度发酵茶。
Lightly fermented oolong tea has the characteristics of strong aroma,
轻度发酵的乌龙茶茶味香浓，
making a golden-colored drink.
茶色金黄。
Well,medium fermented oolong tea is brown in color and steady in taste.
中度发酵的乌龙茶茶色橙黄，香味持久
Tieguanyin is among this kind.
铁观音就属于中度发酵茶。
Heavily fermented oolong tea is orange-colored
重度发酵的乌龙茶茶色橙红，
with sweetness and fragrance of ripe fruits,close to black tea.
有香甜的果味，更接近红茶。
Well compressed tea is featured by its special shapes of the tea blocks.
紧压茶是具有特殊形状的茶块。
It is made by compressing steamed tea leaves into molds such as bricks,cakes, columns,etc.
先将茶叶蒸熟，然后将其压缩放入像砖状、饼状、柱状的模具中。
Compressed tea can be stored for years or even decades.
紧压茶可以保存数年甚至数十年。
Aged compressed tea has gentle flavor.
陈年的紧压茶茶味醇厚。
Chinese scented tea is a unique category.
中国花茶/花果茶是一个独特的类别。
It is a mixture of flowers and tea leaves.
它是将植物的花(或叶或其果实)和茶叶混合而成的茶。
Flowers can be rose,jasmine,orchid,and plum.
花果可以是玫瑰花，茉莉花，兰花和梅子。
Green tea is the typical tea to make scented tea,
制作花茶的茶叶通常是绿茶，
but sometimes black tea and oolong tea will be included.
有时也用红茶和乌龙茶。
The flowers and tea leaves are finely blended and sealed for a time
将花果和茶叶均匀混合并密封一段时间，
to let the scent get to each other.
以使气味相互融合。
Then when you brew the tea,it will give out the fresh and sweet aroma.
冲泡时，花茶会散发出清新香甜的味道。
Alright,that’s the classification of Chinese tea.Hope you enjoyed it.
好了，这就是中国茶的分类。希望大家喜欢。
Thank you for joining us.See you next time.
谢谢！下次见。