2016年6月英语四级考试真题（第2套）答
案、解析、听力
Section A News Report
Directions：In this section，you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Directions: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Question 1
A) How college students can improve their sleep habits.
B) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
C) Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.
D) How college students can handle their psychological problems.
Question 2
A) It is not easy to improve one's sleep habits.
B) It is not good for students to play video games.
C) Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.
D) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
Directions: Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Question 3
A) Whether more airports should be built around London.
B) Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.
C) Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
D) Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.
Question 4
A) Inefficient management.
B) Poor ownership structure.
C) Lack of innovation and competition.
D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
Directions: Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Question 5
A) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
B) Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.
C) Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.
D) Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.
Question 6
A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
B) Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking.
C) Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.
D) Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products. Question 7
A) They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.
B) They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.
C) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
D) They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.
Section B Conversation
Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Question 8
A) Indonesia.
B) Holland.
C) Sweden.
D) England.
Question 9
A) Getting a coach who can offer real help.
B) Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch.
C) Learning a language where it is not spoken.
D) Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize.
Question 10
A) Listening to language programs on the radio.
B) Trying to speak it as much as one can.
C) Making friends with native speakers.
D) Practicing reading aloud as often as possible.
Question 11
A) It creates an environment for socializing.
B) It offers various courses with credit points.
C) It trains young people's leadership abilities.
D) It provides opportunities for language practice.
Directions: Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Question 12
A) The impact of engine design on road safety.
B) The role policemen play in traffic safety.
C) A sense of freedom driving gives.
D) Rules and regulations for driving.
Question 13
A) Make cars with automatic control.
B) Make cars that have better brakes.
C) Make cars that are less powerful.
D) Make cars with higher standards.
Question 14
A) They tend to drive responsibly.
B) They like to go at high speed.
C) They keep within speed limits.
D) They follow traffic rules closely.
Question 15
A) It is a bad idea.
B) It is not useful.
C) It is as effective as speed bumps.
D) It should be combined with education.
Section C Passages
Directions：In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Directions:Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 16
A) The card got damaged.
B) The card was found invalid.
C) The card reader failed to do the scanning.
D) The card reader broke down unexpectedly.
Question 17
A) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
B) By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
C) By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
D) By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
Question 18
A) Affect the sales of high-tech appliances.
B) Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
C) Give birth to many new technological inventions.
D) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
Directions: Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 19
A) They are set by the dean of the graduate school.
B) They are determined by the advising board.
C) They leave much room for improvement.
D) They vary among different departments.
Question 20
A) By consulting the examining committee.
B) By reading the Bulletin of Information.
C) By contacting the departmental office.
D) By visiting the university's website.
Question 21
A) They specify the number of credits students must earn.
B) They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.
C) They have to be approved by the examining committee.
D) They are the same among various divisions of the university. Directions: Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 22
A) Students majoring in nutrition.
B) Students in health classes.
C) Ph.D. candidates in dieting.
D) Middle and high school teachers.
Question 23
A) Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
B) Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
C) Its changing criteria for beauty.
D) Its overemphasis on thinness.
Question 24
A) To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
B) To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
C) To explain how computer images can be misleading.
D) To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
Question 25
A) To persuade girls to stop dieting.
B) To promote her own concept of beauty.
C) To establish an emotional connection with students.
D) To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
Keys：
参考答案
1. B)Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
2. D)Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
3. C)Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
4. D)Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
5. A)Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
6. A)The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
7. C)They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
8. B)Holland.
9. C)Learning a language where it is not spoken.
10. B)Trying to speak it as much as one can.
11. D)It provides opportunities for language practice.
12. D)Rules and regulations for driving.
13. C)Make cars that are less powerful.
14. A)They tend to drive responsibly.
15. B)It is not useful.
16 C)The card reader failed to do the scanning.
17 A)By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
18 D)Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
19. D)They vary among different departments.
20. C)By contacting the departmental office.
21. A)They specify the number of credits students must earn.
22 B)Students in health classes.
23 D)Its overemphasis on thinness.
24 C)To explain how computer images can be misleading.
25 A)To persuade girls to stop dieting.
大学英语四级考试2016年6月第二套真题听力原文及解析
Section A
News Item 1
You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can rack a student's sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech University is even offering a class called Improving Your Sleep
Habits. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don't get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, (2)a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, (1)but they did much better after getting a good night's sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don't forget to get some sleep.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
What is the news report mainly about?
解析：主旨大意题。从原文前半部分我们大概能听出来这是一道关于睡眠对学生的影响的文章，最后一句话也点出文章主题，想要工作更出色就需要睡眠。文中重点在强调的是睡眠的重要性而不是如何改善睡眠习惯，故答案选C。
2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning and Memory?
解析：本道题属于细节题，有原文同义替换的一句话you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test.和选项C . Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping. 改变了一些表达方式，但都是说的新的研究结果，考前睡得好比临阵磨枪更有效，故答案选C。
News Item 2
Long queues, delayed flights and overcrowding at airport shave become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile there are complaints that poor service in London's major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving in London. (3) The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. The idea is the competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure (4) but a lack of runway and terminal capacity which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
What is the Competition Commission going to investigate?
解析：本题是原文重现，原文中提到竞争委员会将去调查英国机场官员是否会廉价出清他们
的一些资产whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets对应选项B，只是need to换成了should，故答案选B。
What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority?
解析：原文重现，问题问到导致英国机场服务差的原因，原文中有提到不是因为所有制结构而是缺乏跑道和终端容量a lack of runway and terminal capacity，故答案选D。
News Item 3
(5)Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for this study. Ninety-two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously. （6）The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why. “The amount of nicotine that's delivered in every cigarette is 10% higher than it was six years ago, which means that it is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. (7)The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?
解析：原文中提到在马萨诸塞州的法律规定下，烟草公司必须去检测每种香烟的尼古丁含量并汇报结果measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results，和选项D）报告他们香烟的尼古丁含量Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes对应，故答案选D.
What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?
解析：原文中提到研究结果表明92个香烟品牌的尼古丁含量已经比过去六年要高很多，而最受大家欢迎的香烟品牌是尼古丁含量最高的那种The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers，和选项A对应，只是把brands的定语从句由that were popular with young smokers 同义替换改成了young smokers like，故答案选A。
7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies?
解析：原文重现，原文提到很多大的烟草公司虽然坦言吸烟有害健康，而且公布各种成分，但对于这个研究并没有准备好发言和公布尼古丁含量，对应选项B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study，故答案选B。
Section B
Conversation 1
M: And you know, one thing that I want to ask you. It's great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English speaking country and, you know, they want to learn. I don't know about perfecting but they want to at least be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?
W: Yeah, it's really hard. That's the real struggle because, right now, (8) I do live in Holland, but I really don't socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend's English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want—all I have to do is turn on the TV.
M: And reading also, right?
W: Yeah, reading. （10）There is plenty I can get to read and listen to, but for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. (9)So I think that's really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn't spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do if I didn't have people here, (10) probably try to find a club. In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles, well, it's not... (11) it's like a course. But really, you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and guide and to help out, and you don't get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. Where does the woman live right now?
解析：这道题为地点题，四个选项为不同的地点，所以听原文中提到相关信息时要做好标记。原文中提到女士确实住在荷兰，只是不和荷兰人交往，确认问题是当前女士住在什么地方，故答案选A。
9. What does the woman say is the real challenge?
解析：原文中女士提到一个国家不讲自己的目标语言who live in a country where their target language isn't spoken对她来说是一个真正的挑战，对应选项D) Learning a language where it is not spoken所学语言在当地不使用，故答案选D。
10. What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language?
解析：原文中女士提到读和听的资源都很多，唯有说没有替代方式。而且也尝试去一个俱乐部来找机会增加说的练习，对应选项C) Trying to speak it as much as one can尽可能多的去说，故答案选C.
11. What does the woman say about the study circles in Sweden?
解析:注意选项中的动宾结构，原文中女士说瑞典有一个很有意思的学习圈，类似课程，但没有评分，只有一个在旁边提供帮助的教练,结合上句话女士提到的语言学习，可推理出这个课程可以给语言练习提供机会It provides opportunities for language practice，故答案选A。
Conversation 2
W: Okay, Nelson. （12）So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you like to change?
M: I'm not sure I want to change rules, but I'd like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump traffic lights, I don't know why there isn't a camera of the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It's very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W: （13）Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What's the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go, like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M: （14）Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany.
W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn't there, people will drive within their ability range. When you got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.
M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W: Possibly. They also have very good cars.
M: Right.
W: If you got a good car that can go at a high speed then it's really nice to do that.
M: But still, with care.
W: So I think it's the restrictions that create the dangers sometimes.
M: Okay.
W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you've got to have speed policemen.
M: Speed bumps.
W: Yes, speed bumps. Those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are a good idea.
M:（15）So you don't think fining people is useful.
W: Not really, because the police don't have time to police every single driver.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
解析：原文中女士第一句话就交代了要讲的主要内容是关于driving驾驶以及相关规则的内容，然后下文也是就此展开，对应选项中的驾驶规则Rules and regulations for driving，故答案选B。
13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do?
解析：原文中女士提到汽车生厂商应该对限制汽车引擎的功率负责limiting the power of their engines，对应选项C的说法Make cars that are less powerful让汽车功率更低，故答案选C。
14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?
解析：原文中提到尽管德国没有速度限制，但人们开车仍然很负责任People there do drive responsibly，对应选项中的They tend to drive responsibly他们往往很负责地开车，故答案选D。
15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers?
解析：原文中男士问女士是不是认为罚款没意义，女士说确实没太大意义，警察也没有那么多时间去监督每一个人，对应选项中的It is not useful没什么用，故答案选C。
Section C
Passage 1
Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. （16）The store's card reader failed to scan the card's magnetic strip. Azar tried again, and again. No luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.（17）He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success! The sale was completed. “I don't know how it works. It just does.”said Mr. Azar who learned the trick from another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store's card reader would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. But it's one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered, often out of desperation, and shared. “（18）Today's shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. In postwar Japan, the economy wasn't doing so great, so you couldn't get everyday-use items like household cleaners.”says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for “clever lifestyle tips and tricks.” So people look for ways to do with what they had. Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixingmal-functioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some like Mr. Azar's plastic bag are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?
解析：原文中提到当Sam去刷他的卡的时候，店里的刷卡机不能刷卡的磁条card reader failed to scan the card's magnetic strip，对应选项中的D项The card reader failed to do the scanning 读卡机无法扫描，故答案选D。
17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete the sale?
解析：原文中提到多次尝试刷卡没有成功，后来Sam拿一层塑料裹在卡上试了一下就成功了wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card，和选项B) 用一层塑料覆盖信用卡By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic属于同意替换，故答案选B。
18. What is today's shaky economy likely to do?
解析：原文中提到当前的不稳定经济需要更多的这样的诀窍produce many more such tricks，诀窍指上句话出现的many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures 一些对于高科技故障的低技术修复方法，对应选项A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures发明更多低技术修复方法，故答案选A。
Passage 2
If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you're a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. （19）Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department's advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer. （20）In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. （21）Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you are near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What does the speaker say about the procedures for assigning academic advisers?
解析：原文中提到不同的系分配导师给学生的程序都不一样Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students，对应选项中的They vary among different departments，故答案选A。
20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisers are?
解析：原文中提到新的研究生可以通过直接拜访或邮件方式到系办公室了解自己的导师的相关信息by visiting or emailing the departmental office，对应选项中的By contacting the departmental office，两者属于同意替换，故答案选D。
21. What does the speaker say about graduation requirements?
解析：原文重现，上面一道题目的答案找到后，紧接着下一句就是这道题的答案，毕业要求详细说明了学生必须要获得的学生学分数Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn和B选项内容基本一致，故答案选B。
Passage 3
Jody Harbert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. （22）She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. （23）Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. innutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother talked her to diet when she was only eight years old. Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. （24）She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person's sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. （25）Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.
22. Who does Jody Harbert primarily speak to?
解析：原文中前面两句话提到Jody Harbert是一个营养饮食专家，她主要和健康课里的学生交谈speaks to students in health classes，属于原文重现，故答案选C.
23. What is Jody Harbert's biggest concern about American culture?
解析：原文中提到Jody的最大关注点在美国文化中对纤瘦的强调以及带来的负面影响the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today，属于原文重现，故答案选A。
24. Why does Jody Harbert show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?
解析：原文中提到Jody把图片展示给大家，并解释电脑把他们修的比现实生活中更瘦更漂亮，和选项B同意替换，be misleading电脑修图误导大家，故答案选B。
25. What is Jody Harbert's main purpose in giving her speeches?
解析：原文中提到Jody有时觉得自己成功劝服女生停止节食，有时又失败了，说明她的主要目的就在于去女生不要节食，故答案选D。
选词填空
Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children.
Moreover, most adult children _____(26)every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and roost older people do not feel _____(27).
About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have _____(28)contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.
However, _____(29)having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be _____(30), however, as ill health often makes older people more _____(31)and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, _____(32)spirits.
Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious _____(33)they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can _____(34)cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, _____(35)are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.
A. abandoned
B. advanced
C. biased
D. chances
E. commitment
F. dampens
G. dependent
H. distant
I. frequent
J. fulfillment
K. grant
L. merely
M. provide
N. understandably
O. unrealistically
解析
名词：D) chances(s)机会，可能E)commitment承诺，委托J) fulfillment履行，实行
动词：E) abandoned(ed)抛弃B) advanced(ed)前进F) dampens抑制K) grant幸存，生还M) provide提供
形容词：C) biased有偏见的G) dependent依赖的H) distant遥远的I) frequent频繁的E) abandoned被抛弃的B) advanced高级的
副词：L) merely仅仅，只不过N)understandably可理解地O)unrealistically不现实地
26.M) provide 动词辨析题。空格前后都是名词，此处缺少谓语动词，主语是children，填入动词原形。备选项grant和provide，而grant是授予、承认，不合逻辑，所以选provide。providesth. to sb. 提供给某人某物，也可以说provide sb. with sth. 很多成人子女像过去一样尽可能为父母提供关怀和支持。
27.A) abandoned形容词辨析题。空格前是feel，此处应填入表语成分的词，备选项：advanced，biased，abandoned，dependent，distant，frequent。因为很多孩子给予父母关怀和支持，老人不和孩子生活在一起并不觉得被抛弃被遗弃，选abandoned。
28.I)frequent形容词辨析题。空格前是have，空格后是名词contact，此处缺少形容词，备选项：advanced，biased，dependent，distant，frequent。填入frequent，老人和孩子保持频繁的联系。
29.L)merely副词辨析题。句子主干成分完整，不缺少成分，填入副词，备选项：merely，understandably，unrealistically，结合上下文语义，仅仅跟孩子保持联系不能保证晚年幸福。因此选merely。
30.C)biased形容词辨析题，空格在系动词be之后，填入形容词，备选项：advanced，biased，dependent，distant。这项研究是片面的，因此选biased.
31.G)dependent形容词辨析题。空格前是比较级，应填入形容词，备选项：advanced，dependent，distant，根据上下文，疾病使得老人更加有依赖性从而增加更多与家庭成员的联系，因此选dependent。
32.F)dampens动词辨析题。此处缺少谓语动词，主语是poor health，应该用第三人称单数形式。备选项：dampens。Incident不仅仅是家庭成员间的投入，很有可能是不良的健康状况抑制这种精神。同时联系上文，与上一句中have the lowest spirits意思相同。因此选dampens
33.E)commitment名词辨析题。空格前是形容词，此处缺乏名词。备选项：chances，commitment，fulfillment。根据语义，能够与religious搭配的是commitment，宗教信仰，因此选commitment.
34.N)understandably副词辨析题。句子主干成分完整，缺少副词。备选项：understandably，unrealistically。从语义来看，对于这些事情的分歧会引发父母与子女之间的问题，这也是可以理解的，因此选understandably。
35.D) chances名词辨析题。缺少主语，名词做主语。备选项：chances，fulfillment。Chances are that是固定搭配，意思是…是有可能的，因此选chances.
快速阅读
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not onl* ****vidual governments but also our global civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees(难民), threatening political stability everywhere.
[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security——has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets. I recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and com prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven——drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.
[F]In contrast, recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion(转向)of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
[G]As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
[H]What about supply? The three environmental trends——the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables(地下水位)in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers——China, India and the U.S.
[I]As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.
[J]As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
[K]In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down
long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
[L]Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
[M]For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
37. Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.
38. Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.
39. Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.
40. The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.
41. Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstante to boosting the world's grain production.
42. The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world's current military spending.
43. To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.
44. Environmental problems must be solved to case the current global food shortage.
45. A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.
答案：FKCLB HMJLG
解析
36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
[F] ]In contrast, recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion(转向)of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
由grain prices 和meat products定位至F段段尾，recent steep climb对应原文的recent surge，more and more对应原文a growing number of people，文章中提到粮食价格的攀升是由一些趋势造成的，从需求角度来讲，人口每年增加7千万，并且越来越多的人想要消费肉类产品，题目是对这一原因的同义转述。
37. Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.
[K] In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
由social order 和break down定位至文章K段最后一句，尽管暂时采取了措施，但是其他国家的飞涨的物价和大范围的饥荒已经开始扰乱社会秩序了。
38. Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.
[C] Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
由superpower conflicts，unable ，main threat ，security原词重现定位至文章C段，由于不能购买粮食并且也不能自己种植，饱受饥饿的人们走到街上示威，其实在2008年粮食价格急速攀升之前，失败国家就在增长。如果食品状况更坏了，整个国家会以不断增长的速度毁掉。20世纪国际安全的主要威胁是强权冲突，如今却变成了失败国家，题目是对C段的概括。
39. Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.
[L] Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of
these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
由some parts of the world，family planning和successful implementation of family planning定位至文章L段最后一句，在世界上一些国家，我们至少在计划生育工作这一方面取得了连续的进步，题目是对文章的同义转述。
40. The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
典型的同义替换题目。由agree，food shortage ，lead to，collapse of world civilization定位至文章B段，has come to agree对应文章的forces me to conclude，food shortages对应文章的undermining the world food，collapse原词重现，关于处理减少粮食产量的环境问题的持续失败使作者不得不承认文明的衰败是有可能的，题目是对原文的同义转述。
41. Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstacle to boosting the world's grain production，
[H] What about supply? The three environmental trends——the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat.
典型的同义替换。由increasing water shortage对应spread of water shortages，biggest obstacle 对应most immediate threat，expand the world's grain supply对应boosting the world's grain production定位至文章H段，水源的短缺，优质土壤的减少以及增高的气温都使得增快粮食供给以满足需求变得越来越困难，其中最大的威胁就是水资源的短缺，题目是对文章的同义替换。
42. The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world's current military spending.
[M] Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
由cost for saving our civilization ,world’s military spending定位至文章M段，尽管拯救文明的花费一年少于2000亿美元，仅占全球军事花费的1/6,题目是对M段最后一句的同义转述。
43. To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.
[J] The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案 Part ⅡListening Comprehension （听力部分共有两套） 四级第一套 Section A 1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide. 2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs. 3. B) Put calorie information on the menu. 4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning. 5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business. 6. B) It is the creation of something new. 7. C) Its innovation culture. Section B 8. D) He does not talk long on the phone. 9. B) Talk at length. 10. A) He thought it was cool. 11. C) It is childish and unprofessional. 12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager. 13. A) His workload was much too heavy. 14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him. 15. D) Talk to his boss in person first. Section C 16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life. 17. C) They get less and less sleep. 18. D) Their blood pressure will rise. 19. B) What course you are going to choose. 20. D) The personal statement. 21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. 22. B) It was built in the late 19th century. 23. D) They often broke down. 24. A) They were produced on the assembly line. 25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel. 四级第二套
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M: It wasn’t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them. Q: What does the man mean? 5. W: Rod, I hear you’ll be leaving at the end of this mont h. Is it true? M: Yeah. I’ve been offered a much better position with anot her firm. I’d be a fool to turn it down. Q: Why is the man quitting his job? 6. W: I honestly don’t want to continue the gardening tomor row, Tony? M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with thi s weekend. Q: What does the man mean? 7. W: You’ve already furnished your apartment? M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 8. W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers? M: Not yet .I’ll let you know when he calls.
2016年大学英语四级真题(第三套)完美Word打印版
2016年6月四级考试真题(第三套) Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part,you are all owed 30 minutes to write a l etter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering coll ege.You shoul d write at l east 120 words but no more than 180 words． Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：2016年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a l etter．Pl ease mark the corresponding l etter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singl e line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too．Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own．26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests．In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28，investigators found that the more children moved．the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math，English and reading． The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets．The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time．With standardized test scores in the U．S．31 in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground．But as these findings show,exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive．Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory,attention and creativity,which are34 to learning．And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress，which can also help learning．So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they，re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well． A．attendance B．consequently C．current D．depressing E．dropping F．essential G．feasible H．flow I．mood J．mutually K．particularly L．performance M．review N．survive O．tend Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a l etter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding l etter on Answer Sheet 2． Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too A．When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long．term care facility-a moment few parents or
2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A)The International Labor Organization's key objective. B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable. C)Rising unemployment worldwide. D)Global economic recovery. 2. A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs. B)Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis. C)Few countries have realized the seriousness of the
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
2016年12月英语四级听力真题第1套 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Section A Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent. B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family. 2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire. B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department. B) They were trapped in an underground elevator. C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator. B) They released the details of the accident. C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D) They provided the miners with food and water. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) Raise postage rates. B) Improve its services. C) Redesign delivery routes. D) Close some of its post offices. 6. A) Shortening business hours.