非谓语动词与状语从句的转化

从句与非谓语之间的转换一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致（定语从句的主语与先行词一致），如果从句中是：1）从句用be动词作谓语be + doing；省略be；(例10)be + done；省略be；(例4)be + 介词短语；省略be；(例2)be + 形容词/ 副词；be变为being；(例9)be + 名词；be变为being；(例1)2）如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简；(例3)是完成时态或after引导的一般时态，用having done化简。

(例7和11)二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。

化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可（既是独立主格结构）。

(例5、6、8)1.When he was a young boy，he used to ask lots of questions. = Being a young boy, he used toask lots of questions.2.When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud. = In the classroom, he read his bookaloud.3.They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacherteaching them English for help.4.When the earth is seen from space, it looks like a huge water ball. = Seen from space, theearth looks like a huge water ball.5.When a guest comes to your room, you can say to him "Have a seat, please". = A guestcoming to your room, you can say to him "Have a seat, please".6.When his mother entered his room, he was playing the computer game. = His mother enteringhis room, he was playing the computer game.7.After the two policemen entered the room, they turned off the light and waited there silently.= Having entered the room, the two policemen turned off the light and waited there silently.8.Because there was no bus, I had to walk home. = There being no bus, I had to walk home.9.Since it is fine today, we should have an outing this afternoon. = It being fine today, weshould have an outing this afternoon.10.While you are crossing the street, you should be careful. = While crossing the street, youshould be careful.11.When you have finished your homework, you may go home= Having finished yourhomework, you may go home.化简：注意当时间状语从句或条件状语从句化简时可以将引导从句的连词带上，如(例10)。

非谓语动词和从句的转换----一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。

(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句when and where to build a school.(宾语)(1).We still don’t know(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.)3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she could n’t…）7.不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(１)I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished bythe boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)二．动名词（短语）与从句的关系1. 动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(１).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2. 动名词（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul (that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam(=that he hasn’t prepared his lessons for the exam)(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees(=that Mary is caught betweenthe two trees).4.介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句 0(1）He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…）(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)三．分词（短语）与从句的关系1.分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1）The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。

知识讲解知识点1：不定式〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。

(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)..2.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.).3.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding).4.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up).5.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…).6.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game).知识点2：动名词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad. 被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly..2.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier)..3.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=〔that he hasn’t prepared his lessons fo r the exam〕.(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees.=〔that Mary is caught between the two trees〕..4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词〔短语〕，相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won).知识点3：分词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词〔短语〕作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan..2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being ill we’d better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), I’d b uy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back)..3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I’ll te lephone you.〔时间〕(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her．〔时间〕(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.〔原因〕(4).Not having received(=Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again.〔原因〕(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.〔条件〕(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn’t pride.(让步).4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him).5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion).知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophia’s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didn’t surprised us.(2).I can’t bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students’ living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic)..2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因).四、例题精析【例题1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered【答案】B【解析】容易误选A。

知识讲解知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。

(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.)3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding)4.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up)5.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)6.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)知识点2：动名词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad. 被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2.【考查点】：动名词（短语）再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=（that he hasn’t prepared his lessons fo r the exam）.(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees.=（that Mary is caught between the two trees）.4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)知识点3：分词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being ill we’d better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), I’d b uy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back).3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I’ll telephone you.（时间）(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her．（时间）(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.（原因）(4).Not having received(=Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again.（原因）(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.（条件）(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn’t pride.(让步)4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophia’s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didn’t surprised us.(2).I can’t bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students’ living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因)四、例题精析【例题1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered【答案】B【解析】容易误选A。

从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。

例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。

he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。

he saw a dog"。

其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。

例如，将"After he had finished his homework。

he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。

he went home"。

另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。

如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。

例如，将"As it was hot。

we went swimming"改为"It being hot。

we went swimming"。

需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。

在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。

例如：1.If the weather allows。

I will go there.2.After the rain ped。

XXX.3.His XXX。

and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。

XXX.From the above examples。

we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。

非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。

一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。

To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。

I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。

（常和only连用）。

He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。

状语从句与非谓语动词的转化一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。

1.当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。

如： When they heard the news，they jumped with joy.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.2.当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。

如： After he(had）returned home，he began to work.Having returned home，he began to work.3.当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。

如： Since I saw you last，I have been ill.Since seeing you last，I have been ill.As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.4.当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when /while加现在分词短语转换。

如While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting.While walking along the river，we heard some one shouting.5.当主、从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是被动语态时,可用过去分词短语转换。

如:After they were sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. Sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health.6.当主、从句的主语不一致时，时间状语从句可转换成分词的独立主格结构，即名词/主格代词＋分词。

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知识讲解知识点1：不定式(短语）与从句的关系1。

【考查点】:不定式(短语)在句中作主语,其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。

（1）。

To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you）(2)。

He seemed to know the way.（=It seemed that he knew the way.）（3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.（= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语） (=when and where we should build a school）(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)（=that he should go and see）(3)。

He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. 。