第一章殖民地时期的美国文学
填空题
1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.
【答案】England
【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.
【答案】American Puritanism
【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.
【答案】Puritan
【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and ______, rose to the level of real poetry.
【答案】Edward T aylor
【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。
5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.
【答案】Anne Bradstreet
【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。其代表作是诗集《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up in America）。
6. The Puritan philosophy known as ______ was important in New England during colonial time, and had a profound influence on the early American mind for several generations.
【答案】Puritanism
【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒构成了当时北美移民的主体，在新英格兰北部更是清一色的清教徒。清教主义奠定了美国社会的基础，塑造了美国人的性格，从各个方面影响着美国社会。
7. Bradford used a word “______” to describe the community of believers who sailed from Southampton England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620.
【答案】Pilgrims
8. Bradford’s work consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, the second book describes the signing of the “______ Compact”.
【答案】Mayflower
9. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward ______, rose to the level of real poetry.
【答案】Taylor
10. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that
dominated much of the early American writing.
【答案】Puritan
11. Before his death, Jonathan ______ had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.
【答案】Edwards
12. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was ______, an
English soldier of fortune, whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinct American literature written in
English.
【答案】Captain John Smith
【解析】约翰·史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21）因在北美弗吉尼亚州建立了英国第一个永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而扬名天下。他的《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》（A True Relation of Virginia）则是美国文学的“第一书”，其实也是整个美国历史的“第一书”。
13. ______ College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in 1639.
【答案】Harvard
【解析】1636年100多名曾在牛津和剑桥大学受过古典式的高等教育的清教徒，在马萨诸塞州的查尔斯河畔建立了美国历史上第一所学府——哈佛学院。
14. ______ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown.
【答案】Captain John Smith
【解析】约翰·史密斯上校（1580.1-1631.6.21），新英格兰的舰队司令，是英国军人，探险家和作家。他因在北美弗吉尼亚州建立了英国第一个永久殖民地詹姆斯敦而扬名天下。
15. The General History of Virginia contains Smith’s most famous tale of how the
Indian princess named ______ saved him from the wrath of her father.
【答案】Pocahontas
【解析】约翰·史密斯在《弗吉尼亚通史》中讲述了他与印第安公主波卡虹塔斯
